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Herein, comparative studies were conducted on different species of Pleurotus mushroom (Pleurotus osteratus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus sajor caju, Pleurotus florida, and Pleurotus roseus), extracted in two different solvent systems: dichloromethane (DCM)-ethanol (Et) with the ratio of 1 : 1 (v/v) and 50% (v/v) ethanol. Comparably, 50% (v/v) ethanolic crude extract had a considerably higher extraction yield and total phenolic, carbohydrate, and protein content. Owing to a high total phenolic yield, 50% (v/v) ethanolic crude extract had better ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical. Contrarily, DCM-Et crude extract showed strong cytotoxic potential against the human breast cancer cell line (MD-MBA-231) and murine skin cancer cell line (B16F10). High-performance thin layer chromatography based methods were developed and validated as per the International Council for Harmonisation Q2(R1) for the determination of ergosterol. Ergosterol content in DCM-Et crude extract correlates with its cytotoxic potential., Author(s): Singh Shreya [sup.1] , Debadatta Mohapatra [sup.1] , Gaurav Gopal Naik [sup.1] , Yamini Bobde [sup.2] , Balaram Ghosh [sup.2] , Alakh N Sahu [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.467228.d, [...]

The integration of network and agent layers, and enabling intelligent service agents and service-based computing and security, in Mobile adhoc networks (manets), is explained. Manets is an important part of the communications infrastructure used by first responders.

Mobile ad hoc networks offer a bring-your-own network solution to rescue workers at natural disaster locations, where a traditional networking infrastructure isn't likely to exist. Multiagent systems can help support management and coordination in such environments as a design paradigm.

Cinnamomum tamala leaf and bark are very popular for their used as spices due to its spicy odour. The plant leaf and bark are also used widely in pharmaceutical preparation because of therapeutic and nutritive efficacy against various diseases and disorders due to presence of different phytochemicals and mineral nutrients. The leaf and bark samples of C. tamala were collected from Uttarakhand and cinnamon bark from market and analyzed for proximate, minerals content and essential oil compositions. The results revealed that the C. tamala leaves and bark collected from Uttarakhand was the most superior in proximate values (total ash, dietary fibre, protein and fat content), vitamins (ascorbic acid, niacin and traces in riboflavin and folates) and minerals nutrients content (macro nutrients like Ca, Mg, P, K and Na and micro nutrients like Fe and Zn content) as compared to leaf and bark samples collected from the market. Whereas, in case of essential oil composition, both leaf and bark samples of C. tamala collected from Uttarakhand and bark samples C. tamala collected from market were found rich in cinnamaldehyde (68.66 %, 64.79 % and 90.48 % respectively), while, leaf samples of C. tamala collected from market was rich in eugenol (72.6 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text to Speech (TTS) Synthesizer is an application that converts text to speech. A TTS has applications that make computer systems interactive and help its users especially the visually challenged. Concatenative synthesis technique uses different units of speech such as words, syllables, diaphones and phonemes. Most of the Indian languages are syllabic in nature and thus syllables are best suited as the unit of synthesis over phonemes and diphones. Syllabification is used in Speech Synthesis Systems in producing natural sounding speech and in speech recognizers in detecting words. This paper investigates the use of some candidate speech synthesizers inclusive of Indian and non-Indian languages in the context of high quality TTS Systems using syllable as the unit for synthesis. Analysis indicates that the syllable based approach performs better for Indian languages. Forward and backward approach to generate syllables is implemented for Indian languages written in Devanagari Script like Hindi, Marathi and Konkani for the development of a TTS system. The system is developed for different units of speech such as words, syllables, diphones and phonemes. The test results indicate positive results in terms of naturalness for Konkani language taking into account the implementation of the Konkani phonological rules. Each language has specific phonological rules requiring attention for the development of a TTS system with high naturalness and intelligibility rather than only using syllable as the unit for synthesis. Thus it becomes complex to develop a common generic TTS system for different languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text to Speech (TTS) Synthesizer is an application that converts text to speech. Development of speech synthesis system is a challenging task as the input text may come in an ambiguous form, different words are pronounced in different ways thus requiring efforts during text pre-processing. This paper discusses the various aspects of Festival and Festvox framework in Linux environment and its use for the implementation of a TTS system for Devanagari Konkani language. Festival does not provide complete language processing support to various languages. The experimental results with a text segment of 100 Konkani sentences shows that 64% word phonetization accuracy is obtained thus indicating scope for improvement in the quality of the output speech if segment of voice used are higher than unit selection voices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the genetic variation in Cinnamomum tamala Nees. (Lauraceae) accessions collected from different locations of Uttarakhand Himalaya. The leaves samples were analyzed by using RAPD and ISSR markers. A total 22 primers were used for initial screening in order to select the ones giving good amplification. Seven primers (OPA-12, OPA-18, OPB-10, OPB-17, ISSR-21, ISSR-24 and ISSR-30) were found to be polymorphic in eight accessions. Based on combined profile of ISSR and RAPD markers the dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA cluster analysis and all the accessions showed discrimination from one another. All the accessions were clustered into two major groups, one containing T1-T4 and second T5-T8. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 86.3% for three ISSR markers and 70.5% for four RAPD markers. This emphasize that ISSR markers were found to be the best for genetic variation in the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]