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Background: Lowbirthweight(LBW)contributes substantially to neonatal, infant, and childhood mortality and morbidity. Several maternal factors contribute to the incidence of LBW, majority of which are biologically and socially interrelated, are modifiable; making LBW a potentially preventable condition. Objective: To evaluate the association of maternal risk factors with birth weight of newborn. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Mugda medical college, Dhaka, a government health center of Bangladesh, from January 2019 to 30 June 2019. A total of 180 recently delivered pregnant mother were included in this study and categorized into two groups: Group A- 90 mother who had given birth of low birth weight baby, and Group B- another 90 mother who delivered normal birth weight baby.Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and a review of medical records were carried out. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window-based computer software devised with SPSS version 23. Results: Highest percentage of patients from both group A and B were belonged to 20 - 34 years of age (62.2% and 81.1% respectively) and para £3 (76.7% and 88.8% respectively) with significant odds ratio for delivering low birth weight baby at advanced maternal age (³35 years) (OR=2.14, p value 0.037) and high parity (para >3) (OR=2.44, p value 0.03).Majority mothers from group A had hypertension (58.9%) whereas 90% mothers from group B were normotensive with significant odds ratio (OR= 12.89, p value 3 (OR= 2.66, p value 0.257). Conclusion: Gestational hypertension, advanced maternal age and high parity are the significant risk factors for delivering LBW baby. However, further larger multicenter study is recommended. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 50-56

Objective: To see the maternal and fetal outcome in covid positive hospitalized pregnant women. Method: It is an observational study done in Mugda Medical College Hospital. Duration was from 23 April, 2020 to 16 June, 2020 . Result : 32 hospitalisedcovid positive pregnant women were studied. 84.4% women were above 25 years and 78% were multigravid. 19% had fever on admission and 59% had H/O fever. 22% had respiratory distress ranging from mild to severe on admission. During the hospital stay 28.2% needed ICU. 57.9% women delivered before completion of 37 weeks, among them. 26.3% were before 34 weeks. 79% women had delivery by Cesarean section and 10.5% had hysterotomy. In this study maternal mortality was 21% and 31.6% was perinatal mortality. There was no vertical transmission to fetus. Conclusion: During thisstudy , it is found that pregnancy outcome was not good in covid positive pregnant women . For the infected mothers early medical supervision and availability of ICU in critical condition is needed for better pregnancy outcome. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 29, No.2, October, 2020, Page 153-157

Introduction: Public health outbreak due to communicable diseases may cause apprehension and fear in the population. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the worst pandemics the world has seen in recent years, which might have caused apprehension and mental stress. It is prudent to explore the psychological implications associated with this highly infectious disease. However, there is a dearth in the literature regarding the nature and magnitude of psychological impact in the Indian population. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the apprehension, fear and perceived stress related to the COVID-19 in the adult population. Methods:We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional semi-structured questionnaire-based study. A total of 295 adults from different parts of India completed the online questionnaire. Psychological impact was assessed using two reliable and validated scales: the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The psychological impact was compared between respondents with positive and negative history of COVID-19 infection. Results:The mean score for fear of COVID-19 was 20.28 (SD=5.536) in participants with a positive history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 18.33 (SD=5.302) in COVID negative individuals, with a p value of 0.006. However, the mean value for the perceived stress score was 19.17 (SD=6.264) and 18.26 (SD=5.826) for COVID positive and negative participants, respectively. Female subjects had significantly higher fear than their male counterparts. Participants who were relatively younger and those with a positive history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in their family were found to have a significantly higher perceived stress. Conclusion:The present study highlighted complex relationships between fear, stress and COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with fear and stress among women and relatively younger adults who participated in the study. So, along with older population, psychological support should also be provided to younger adults during the times of pandemic. This should be taken into account in programs aimed at preventing and alleviating the psychological impact.

Background: People always complain that previously almost all women used to have vaginal delivery, but they do not mention the fetal outcome, eg, the number of affected fetus and also intrauterine death or stillborn. The objective of our study was to see the fetal outcome among antenatally unbooked women with gestational age beyond EDD who came to hospital with labor pain and also to see the mode of delivery in these pregnancies. Method: It was an observational prospective study conducted in Daudkandi Upazilla Health Complex, Kumilla, from March , 2012 to May, 2012. Sampling procedure was consecutive sampling. A total number of 52 postdated pregnant women were enrolled in our study who came to hospital with labor pain. Result: The percentage of vaginal delivery in postdated pregnancy was 80.77% and the percentage of cesarean delivery was 19.23% . Fetal outcome was good in 76.92%, baby was asphyxiated in 19.23% , baby was stillborn in 3.85% women. Conclusion: Though vaginal delivery rate is high in women with antenatally unbooked postdated pregnancy with spontaneous onset of labour pain , but the fetal outcome is not good. The women who are crossing EDD must undergo careful fetal monitoring to have more vaginal delivery with good fetal outcome. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.1, April, 2018, Page 47-50

Objective: To determine the causes of high foetal head and their relative frequencies in primigravidae presenting at term and to determine the proportion of these patients undergoing lower segment caesarean section or vaginal delivery. Design: A descriptive study.Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Mugda Medical College Hospital from March 2017 to June 2017.Materials and Methods: A total of 50 primigravidae patients presenting at term and having a single pregnancy were randomly selected. On the basis of history, Physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography, patients having a high foetal head were recognized and their causes documented.Results: Out of 50 primigravidae, with high foetal head there was foetal malpresentation 17(34%), Cephalopelvic disproportion 13(26%) , Foetal distress 12(24%). Lower segment caesarian section was the management of choice in more than half of the patients with high foetal head.Conclusions: Foetal malpresentation & Cephalopelvic disproportion were the major cause of high foetal head in this study and lower segment Caesarean section was the mode of delivery in more than half of the patients with high foetal head.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 122-125

Objective(s): To assess the association between the haematocrit value and severity of preeclampsia.Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of January 2012 to December 2013. Total of 100 patients were studied and they were divided into two groups – group-A and group-B. Fifty preeclamptic patients were included in the group-A and 50 normal pregnant women were included in the group-B.Results: Majority of preeclamptic women (68%) and normal pregnant women (76%) were in the age group of 20-30 years with the mean ages of group-A and group-B subjects were 26.50±5.71 and 26.26±4.91 years respectively. Eighty six percent of group-A and 70% of group-B women were of lower socioeconomic status. Majority of the study subjects (74% of group-A and 80% of group-B) were housewife. More than half (54%) of the preeclamptic women were primigravid and 60% of normal pregnant women were multigravid. Among the preeclamptic subjects 16 (32%) had mild hypertension (DBP

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a disease of unknown cause that results in white patches on the skin, which may cause scarring on and around genital skin1. Several risk factors have been proposed, including autoimmune diseases, infections and genetic predisposition2,3. There is evidence that LS can be associated with thyroid disease4. Women are more commonly affected than men (10 to 1 ratio), particularly prepubertal girls and after menopause. The condition most commonly occurs on the vulva and around the anus with ivory-white elevations that may be flat and glistening. There may be marked itching or the condition may be without any symptoms. There may also be thinning and shrinkage of the genital area. This condition is presented here as an younger woman presented with acute form of lichen sclerosus.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2013; Vol. 28(1) : 47-50

Background: Novel coronavirus disease is associated with highly intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. With the dramatic increase of confirmed cases as well as death toll in Bangladesh, timely and effective management of severely and critically ill patients appears to be particularly important. This includes streamlining workflows for rapid diagnosis and isolation, clinical management, and infection prevention. The main objective of this study was identification of the demographic, clinical characteristics, severity and outcome of patients admitted into ICU. Methods: We aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics, severity of disease, management patterns and outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to ICU in a Bangladeshi setting and for this purpose a retro-prospective study of conveniently selected 63 ICU admitted patients with COVID-19 was conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2020. Data were obtained from patient charts and the hospitals’ records using a structured questionnaire. Results: Most of the ICU patients were older male (30, 65.3%) and most of them were 70 or above years of age group (17, 37.0%). ICU patients more likely suffered from comorbidities like hypertension (938, 60.3%); diabetes (36, 57.1%); chronic kidney disease (21, 33.3%). In most cases treatment in ICU included the administration of antibiotics (100.0%) (Meropenem, 20, 31.7%). Forty-Eight patients died (discharge mortality, 76.2%), and fourteen patients were discharged alive from the ICU with a rate of 22.2%. One patient transferred (Palliative discharge, 1.6%) to other facilities for palliative care purpose.Conclusions: Our findings also highlight the importance of planning for mass critical care along with central oxygen supply system as the need for ICU care and ventilator support to treat patients with COVID-19 grows rapidly in Bangladesh.

Rickets causes bone deformities through the impaired mineralization of actively growing bone affecting young children in developing countries and frequently found in Africa, Asia and Middle Eastern countries. This cross sectional study was conducted with a view to assess the dietary pattern among the rachitic children among the 151 subjects of 3 north-eastern districts of Bangladesh. Out of 151 subjects 52 were having at least one visible sign of rickets and considered as rickets case. Rest of the subjects was from their neighborhoods with no such symptoms or sign. More than half of the rachitic children were aged between 6 to 15 years, with a mean of 8.61+4.07 years. Almost all of the respondents were from low family income group. Subjects were primarily children of parents with low level of education. Most frequent complaints of the patients were bending of leg and leg pain. Average intake of calcium containing food in rachitic children was lower than normal subjects and the difference was statistically significant (p

Introduction: In the present times, the emphasis on minimally invasive surgery has lead to a resurgence of interest and importance of vaginal Hysterectomy for non-prolapsed indications i.e. non decent vaginal Hysterectomy (NDVH) as the scar less Hysterectomy. It has several benefits over abdominal Hysterectomy in terms of cosmetic advantages, lesser post operatives morbidity and faster recovery.Objectives: The study was to compare and assess various factors like operative duration of surgery intra operative blood loss, intra operative and post operative complications, post operative analgesia requirement, post operative ambulation and duration of post operative hospital stay and to put forward best route of hysterectomy.Conclusions: Non-decent vaginal hysterectomy is a better alternative to abdominal hysterectomy in cases with benign pathology of the uterus, uterine size

Introduction. Use of lead acid battery (LAB) in Bangladesh has risen with sharp rise of motor vehicles. As result, manufacture of LAB is increasing. Most of the lead used by these industries comes from recycling of LAB. Workers in LAB industry are at risk of exposure lead and thus development of lead toxicity.Objective. The objective of this study was to measure the blood lead concentration and to assess the magnitude of health problems attributable to lead toxicity among the LAB manufacturing workers.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the workers of LAB manufacturing industries located in Dhaka city.Result. Mean blood lead level (BLL) among the workers was found to be high. They were found to be suffering from a number of illnesses attributable to lead toxicity. The common illnesses were frequent headache, numbness of the limbs, colic pain, nausea, tremor, and lead line on the gum. High BLL was also found to be related to hypertension and anemia of the workers.Conclusion. High BLL and illnesses attributable to lead toxicity were prevalent amongst workers of the LAB manufacturing industries, and this requires attention especially in terms of occupational hygiene and safety.

Background: Menopause is a natural biological process, not a medical illness. Although it is associated with hormonal, physical and psychosocial changes in life, it is not the end of youth or of sexuality. Several generations ago, few women lived beyond menopause, Today, women may spend as much as half of their life after menopause. Hormone therapy (HT) has been widely used in recent decades to relieve the signs and symptoms of menopause and - doctors thought- to prevent disease associated with aging. However, new long term evidence has demonstrated that hormone therapy may actually increase risk of serious health conditions, such as heart disease , breast cancer and stroke. Oestrogen therapy is still a safe, short -term option for some women, but numerous other therapies also are available to help women manage menopausal symptoms and stay healthy during this important phase of life. DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v36i2.3612 Bangladesh Medical Journal 36(2) 2007 48-51

To compare the level of knowledge about menopause in terms of its cause, problems and care seeking pattern among the rural women after a health education intervention program. It was a cross sectional intervention type study. In the study, the outcome of intervention was obtained by comparing pre intervention and post intervention of same study population to test if there is any difference in knowledge level. The total intervention program was evaluated ranking their answers and found that before the intervention the only 27.8% respondents had some knowledge regarding menopause related problems and 72.2% had no such perception. After intervention it was observed that 49.27% respondents improved their knowledge, statistically it was found significant. The study was conducted to assess and compare the improvement of knowledge of rural women regarding menopause through educational interventions program. From the study findings, it revealed the significant achievement among the respondents regarding the knowledge on menopause, health care seeking behaviour through an educational intervention program imparted to them. The aim of intervention program is that there should be some degree of changes about knowledge, attitude and behaviour. From the intervention program knowledge of the rural women upgraded. Though this study may not necessarily reflect the actual picture. Through the study the intervention program was found very effective which might be replicate in the country through a national program. Key word: Knowledge on menopausal problems, Health care seeking pattern. DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v38i1.3580 Bangladesh Medical Journal 38(1) 2009 9-14

Key Words: hypertension; birth weight; low birth weight; pregnancyDOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7732 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):21-24

Introduction: Umbilical cord blood is blood left over in the placenta and in the umbilical cord after the birth of the baby. Umbilical cord blood saving consists of the collection, processing and cryopreservation of the remaining blood within the umbilicus and placenta following the birth of a child. Within this left over blood, traditionally discarded with the placenta as medical waste, lies a rich source of haematopoietic stem cells same as bone marrow. Cord blood stem cells have advantages over bone marrow in transplants and have been used in more than 30,000 transplants to regenerate healthy blood and immune systems1. Today, stem cell therapies continue to evolve, bringing new hope to patients and their families.Objective: To aware regarding use of stem cells of baby’s umbilical cord blood in future.Methods: A review of relevant articles and documents and some world standard stem cell banking protocol were undertaken.Conclusion: When these cord blood stem cells are processed and stored, the cells are not only a perfect match for the baby, but it could also provide life saving benefits for siblings and other family members.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2012; Vol. 27(2) : 79-82