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Abstract In the practice of enterprises, there is no clear boundary between the establishment and development of economic and management tools. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of internal production conditions on the efficiency of enterprises. The novelty of the study concerns the development of tools required when new systems for managing business processes are built. The conducted studies of the theoretical and methodological foundations of business process management demonstrated that the economic and managerial tools for ensuring business processes in the enterprise management system constitute a necessary arsenal of management methods. This set of methods primarily includes methods of maintaining the flexibility and adaptability of management systems to ensure the quality of business processes. During the study, it was identified that most often, the expected parameters of development and performance are established for business processes in the management of enterprises. The practical significance of the study is conditioned by the fact that systems for managing business processes and ensuring their quality exist at the studied enterprises in various forms, their functions refer to different departments and sometimes to different levels of management.

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases associated with the conversion of cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) in the central nervous system into the infectious isoform (PrP(Sc)). The mechanics of conversion are almost entirely unknown, with understanding stymied by the lack of an atomic-level structure for PrP(Sc). A number of pathogenic PrP(C) mutants exist that are characterized by an increased propensity for conversion into PrP(Sc) and that differ from wild-type by only a single amino-acid point mutation in their primary structure. These mutations are known to perturb the stability and conformational dynamics of the protein. Understanding of how this occurs may provide insight into the mechanism of PrP(C) conversion. In this work we sought to explore wild-type and pathogenic mutant prion protein structure and dynamics by analysis of the current fluctuations through an organic α-hemolysin nanometer-scale pore (nanopore) in which a single prion protein has been captured electrophoretically. In doing this, we find that wild-type and D178N mutant PrP(C), (a PrP(C) mutant associated with both Fatal Familial Insomnia and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease), exhibit easily distinguishable current signatures and kinetics inside the pore and we further demonstrate, with the use of Hidden Markov Model signal processing, accurate discrimination between these two proteins at the single molecule level based on the kinetics of a single PrP(C) capture event. Moreover, we present a four-state model to describe wild-type PrP(C) kinetics in the pore as a first step in our investigation on characterizing the differences in kinetics and conformational dynamics between wild-type and D178N mutant PrP(C). These results demonstrate the potential of nanopore analysis for highly sensitive, real-time protein and small molecule detection based on single molecule kinetics inside a nanopore, and show the utility of this technique as an assay to probe differences in stability between wild-type and mutant prion proteins at the single molecule level.

Abstract Purpose We aimed to examine the importance of an lncRNA, namely LINC00852, in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Materials and methods In the current study, we used several online tools to examine the importance of LINC00852 in breast cancer. Then, we examined these findings in 50 pairs of breast cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous ones. We also re-evaluated the data of miR-145-5p signature from our recent study. Results While in silico tools revealed down-regulation of LINC00852 in breast cancer samples, expression assays showed significant up-regulation of this lncRNAs in breast cancer samples compared with matching control samples from Iranian patients. miR-145-5p was under-expressed in breast cancer samples compared with non-cancerous samples. LINC00852 could separate breast cancer tissues from adjacent non-malignant tissues with an AUC value of 0.7218 (P value

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder worldwide. Meanwhile, Allium Porrum L. (AP) has been recognized as one of the most eminent traditional herbal medicines with substantial health benefits. The aim of the present study is to evaluate anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of AP in rats with T2D. Methods: 70 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of 10 animals each. The study groups were as follows: The study groups were as follows: healthy control (HC); healthy control rats receiving 100 mg/kg of AP extract (HC.AP.100); diabetic control (DC); diabetic rats receiving 10 mg/kg metformin (DT.M.10); diabetic animals receiving 50 mg/kg of AP extract (DT.AP.50); diabetic rats receiving 100 mg/kg of AP extract (DT.AP.100); and diabetic animals receiving 200 mg/kg of AP extract (DT.AP.200). Results: After 6 weeks of intervention, the level of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly increased (P=0.02) and (P=0.002), respectively; while superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration was notably reduced (P=0.04) in DC.M.10 in comparison with that of the HC.AP.100 group. Also, compared to DC.M.10 group, all rats treated with metformin and AP showed a significant decrease in the level of MDA and TNF-α, along with an enhancement of SOD concentration (All P

Abstract The food industry is adapting to evolving consumer demands for “healthy” and premium quality food by reducing the adverse effects of food packaging through innovative advancements in active and intelligent packaging technologies. These smart innovations offer diverse and creative ways to enhance food product quality and safety while extending shelf life. Emerging techniques are also improving the passive aspects of food packaging systems, such as thermal stability, barrier effectiveness, and mechanical strength. Notably, the use of plants, biodegradable materials, and nanomaterials in sustainable food packaging helps mitigate its negative environmental impact. By integrating intelligent, environmentally friendly, and active packaging technologies, a multipurpose food packaging system can be developed that maintains the integrity of all its components, representing the pinnacle of technological advancement in food packaging. This article reviews the fundamentals of food packaging systems, recent advancements in various packaging techniques, commercialized patents, future research trends, and the challenges that need to be addressed in food packaging.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) characterize a novel kind of regulatory RNAs distinguished by great evolutionary conservation and constancy. Although their exact role in malignancies is not fully understood, they mainly work through specific axes. Circular RNA/miRNA/mRNA axes affect the pathogenesis of human cancers including breast cancer. We assessed the expression and function of circ_0009910/miR-145-5p/MUC1 axis in Breast Cancer tissues and MCF-7 cells. Expression levels of circ_0009910 and MUC1 were notably increased in breast cancer tissues compared with control tissues, parallel with the down-regulation of miR-145-5p. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that up-regulation of circ_0009910 in breast tumors is related to invasion of the tumor to lymph node (P value = 0.011). Also, the downregulation of miR-145-5p was significantly correlated with tumor invasion to lymph nodes (P value = 0.04) and HER2-negative tumors (P value = 0.037). Finally, overexpression of MUC1 was correlated with age under 45 years (P value = 0.002). More importantly, circ_0009910-siRNA decreased the proliferation and migration ability of breast cancer cells, enhanced expression of miR-145-5p, and decreased levels of MUC1. Taken together, the circ_0009910/miR-145-5p/MUC1 axis has been demonstrated to affect the pathogenesis of breast cancer and might provide a target for breast cancer treatment.

Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) stands as the second-leading cause of female-specific cancer-related fatalities globally, necessitating comprehensive research to address its critical aspects. This study aimed to explore the time intervals between surgery and disease recurrence in BC patients and their survival utilizing various parametric and semi-parametric models. Methods: After the examination of data collected from 2010 to 2021 at a BC Center in Tehran, Iran, 171 cases met the criteria for analysis out of 2246 datasets. Model fitting, was assessed through the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and indicated the logistic distribution as the most fit one among concurrent and independent variable models. Results: The Cox proportional hazard regression model consistently demonstrated superior fitting, characterized by the lowest AIC values. The average age at diagnosis was 50.39 years, with a standard deviation of 11.13. Typical survival time was estimated 53.44 months, falling within a confidence interval of 51.41–55.48 months at a 95% confidence level. The 1-year survival rate was determined at 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94). Notably, patient age while cancer diagnosis, progesterone receptor (PR), tumor grade, and tumor stage were found to be statistically significant ( P

Abstract Myeloid malignancies arise in bone marrow microenvironments and shape these microenvironments in favor of malignant development. Immune suppression is one of the most important stages in myeloid leukemia progression. Leukemic clone expansion and immune dysregulation occur simultaneously in bone marrow microenvironments. Complex interactions emerge between normal immune system elements and leukemic clones in the bone marrow. In recent years, researchers have identified several of these pathological interactions. For instance, recent works shows that the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), from bone marrow stromal cells contributes to immune dysregulation and the selective proliferation of JAK2V617F+ clones in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Moreover, inflammasome activation and sterile inflammation result in inflamed microenvironments and the development of myelodysplastic syndromes. Additional immune dysregulations, such as exhaustion of T and NK cells, an increase in regulatory T cells, and impairments in antigen presentation are common findings in myeloid malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of altered bone marrow microenvironments in the induction of immune dysregulations that accompany myeloid malignancies. We also consider both current and novel therapeutic strategies to restore normal immune system function in the context of myeloid malignancies.

Background and purpose: An organization's safety culture is the product of its values, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral patterns that define the organization's commitment and framework for managing safety and health. The purpose of evaluating the safety culture is to identify the current state of the safety culture raise the awareness of the employees in this field evaluate the interventions related to safety and track the changes that have been made. The present study was conducted to analyze the status of patient safety culture among the employees of hospitals covered by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2022. Materials and methods: The current descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 1401 on 440 employees of medical and educational hospitals covered by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula and the sampling method was simply random. The tool used in the Standard Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire (HSOPSC) The questionnaire had 42 questions, and 12 dimensions of the patient safety culture including dimensions of general understanding of the patient, organizational learning and continuous improvement, discipline within hospital departments, non-punitive policy in cases of errors, issues Work related to staff, manager/supervisor expectations and actions to promote patient safety, open communication channels, feedback and exchange of information about errors, hospital management support, teamwork among hospital departments, hospital handovers and transfers, and frequency of incident reporting. Unwantedness was measured based on a five-point Likert scale. The average score of less than 2.5 indicates a low patient safety culture, between 2.5 and 3.75 an acceptable state of safety culture, and 3.75 and above indicates the patient safety culture is a strength of the hospital. The study was conducted with IR.TUMS.SPH.REC.1400.289 code of ethics. Analysis was done using Spss 24 software and independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Friedman. Results: Most of the participants (47%) were 30 to 40 years old and had work experience of 1 to 10 years (44.6%). Also, most of the studied people (59%) were on rotating shifts. The overall status of patient safety culture in hospitals covered by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences was 64.4% with an average of 3.22±0.43, so 86.1% of the participating employees considered the patient safety status as an average. Among the dimensions of patient safety culture, the highest and lowest scores are respectively related to the dimensions of "teamwork within hospital departments" with a mean and standard deviation of 3.90±0.79 (78 percent) and "hospital delivery and transfers" with a mean, and the standard deviation was 2.75±0.92 (55%). According to the single-sample independent parametric T-test, the score obtained from the status of patient safety culture in covered hospitals was higher than the average standard score of 3 (P

Introduction Mineral chemistry data as well as petrography provide a comprehensive picture of magma crystallization conditions that support the conclusions based on geochemical data. In addition, the chemical composition of minerals such as clinopyroxene, olivine, biotite, feldspar, and Fe-Ti oxides reflect physicochemical parameters (pressure, temperature, and oxygen fugacity), crystal growth history, and melt origin. The pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity parameters are estimated from chemical data of various rock-forming minerals to provide information regarding the crystallization of magmas. The essential purposes of present study are to determine the physicochemical conditions (temperature and pressure), to identify the tectonic environment and to propose an emplacement model for Pargeh mafic magmas formation.Regional GeologyThe Pargeh area is a part of the Central Alborz Magmatic Belt (AMB) (Figure 1). There are extensive magmatic sections in this zone including the Cenozoic calc-alkaline and alkaline (potassic) magmatism generated in an arc and back-arc setting in an extensional environment (post collision). This belt is mainly composed of Upper Precambrian to Eocene sedimentary and volcanic sequences intruded by Mesozoic to Cenozoic plutons, in the central and western parts of the belt. The igneous rocks of the north and northeast of Qazvin were formed during three volcanic phases, of which only two phases can be seen in the study area. These Late Eocene-Oligo-Miocene plutonic rocks are related to post-collisional magmatic activities originated in back-arc extensional basins and have calc-alkaline to high-potassium shoshonitic characteristics. According to U–Pb dating, the age of the syenite and monzonite rocks is Late Eocene. But the exact age of the Pargeh gabbroic rocks is not known, considering that these intrusions were injected into Eocene tuffs, they are Late Eocene and possibly Oligocene.Analytical MethodsThe main minerals were analyzed by an electron microprobe at the Queen’s Facility for Isotope Research (QFIR), Queens University, Kingston, Canada. Operating conditions were as follows: the acceleration voltage was 15 kV, the beam current was 20 nA, and the diameter of the probe was 3 µm (Tables 1 to 6).PetrographyField and petrographic observation show that most of the Pargeh pluton is monzogabbro and olivine gabbros make up only a small part of the pluton. Olivine gabbro is a medium- to coarse-grained mesocratic-melanocratic rock. Olivine gabbro and monzogabbro are texturally varied. In both samples, intergranular, poikilitic, sub-ophitic and granular textures were identified. Olivine gabbro are dominated by olivine (20-25%vol), clinopyroxene (15-20 %vol), plagioclase (50-55 %vol), biotite (~ 5 %vol) and K-feldspar (~ 5 %vol). Accessory minerals include apatite and Fe-Ti oxides. Monzogabbros are characterized by a high proportion of plagioclase (55-60 %vol) and clinopyroxene (20-25 %vol), biotite (5-10%vol) and K-feldspar (8-10%vol).. Fe-Ti oxides and apatite are common accessory minerals in monzogabbros.DiscussionBased on research on the distribution of Ti in silicates and oxides of magmatic rocks, Verhoogen (1962) proposed that the crystallization temperature of clinopyroxene is positively correlated with its Ti content. Therefore, the higher clinopyroxene, crystallization temperature, the more Ti clinopyroxene likely to contain. The TiO2 content of clinopyroxenes in olivine gabbros is slightly higher than that of monzogabbros, pointing to the clinopyroxenes in olivine gabbro having a relatively higher crystallization temperature compared to that of clinopyroxenes in monzogabbro. In the 9-A and B diagram, all the samples are in the range of alkaline basalt, so the parental magma can be an alkaline magma. As mentioned above, clinopyroxenes have high amounts of Al and Ti, consistent with the evolution of an alkaline magma. High amounts of calcium in the studied clinopyroxenes indicate that the parental magma may have an alkaline nature. This tectonic setting discrimination diagram can distinguish basaltic clinopyroxenes from volcanic arc basalt (VAB), ocean floor basalt (OFB), intraplate tholeiite (WPT) and intraplate alkaline environments (WPA). In the F1-F2 tectonic environment discrimination diagram, all the study samples fall within the range of volcanic arc basalts (VAB+OFB), which shows that these rocks are probably formed in a volcanic arc and arc-related tectonic setting environment. In general, all tectonic discrimination diagrams based on clinopyroxene chemistry indicate an arc-related environment for the parental magma.ConclusionThe mafic rocks of Pargeh are composed of olivine gabbro and monzogabbro which are characterized by the presence of olivine, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, biotite and K-feldspar. The mineral chemistry results show the role of fractional crystallization as the main process in the formation of the parental magma of the rocks under study The chemical features of clinopyroxenes point that the parental magma must belong to a silica under-saturated alkaline series, characterized by high temperature, low pressure, low Si and high Ca contents possibly formed in a volcanic arc tectonic setting environment. As the xamined thermobarometers data show, the olivine gabbros generated at higher temperature and pressure than that of monzogabbros indicating that the olivine gabbros probably crystallized at a greater depth.

Abstract Globally, breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women. In breast cancer, microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for both the initiation and development of tumors. It has been suggested that the tumor suppressor microRNA-561-3p (miR-561-3p) is crucial in arresting the growth of cancer cells. Further research is necessary to fully understand the role and molecular mechanism of miR-561 in human BC. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of miR-561-3p on ZEB1, HIF1A, and MYC expression as oncogenes that have the most impact on PD-L1 overexpression and cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle in breast cancer (BC) cell lines. The expression of ZEB1, HIF1A, and MYC genes and miR-561-3p were measured in BC clinical samples and cell lines via qRT-PCR. The luciferase assay, MTT, Annexin-PI staining, and cell cycle experiments were used to assess the effect of miR-561-3p on candidate gene expression, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the effects of miR-561 on PD-L1 suppression in the BC cell line. The luciferase assay showed that miRNA-561-3p targets the 3′-UTRs of ZEB1, HIF1A and MYC genes significantly. In BC tissues, the qRT-PCR results demonstrated that miR-561-3p expression was downregulated and the expression of ZEB1, HIF1A and MYC genes was up-regulated. It was shown that overexpression of miR-561-3p decreased PD-L1 expression and BC cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through downregulation of candidate oncogenes. Furthermore, inhibition of candidate genes by miR-561-3p reduced PD-L1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Our research investigated the impact of miR-561-3p on the expression of ZEB1, HIF1A and MYC in breast cancer cells for the first time. Our findings may help clarify the role of miR-561-3p in PD-L1 regulation and point to this miR as a potential biomarker and novel therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.

Objectives Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women all around the world. Today, in addition to factors including hormones and genetics that are involved in the occurrence of breast cancer, special attention is paid to the role of social and non-medical determinants of health. This study aims to explore the perception of Social Determinants of Health (SDH) in women with breast cancer.Design Qualitative study design with a conventional thematic analysis approach.Setting The study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, between December 2021 and February 2023.Participants 19 women with breast cancer were selected through purposeful and snowball sampling with maximum variation. Sampling continued until data saturation was reached.Primary and secondary outcome measures The study categorised the extracted codes from interviews into three main categories and 12 subcategories related to SDH in women with breast cancer.Results The study identified factors such as personal and family health records, health behaviours and lifestyles and medical screening and follow-up as key themes in the perception of SDH among women with breast cancer. The main categories were also categorised into 12 subcategories, ‘including family history’, ‘environmental factors’, ‘hormonal and medicinal changes’, ‘metaphysical factors’, ‘traditional medicine-related factors’, ‘stress’, ‘body weight’, ‘physical activity’, ‘nutrition’, ‘smoking and tobacco use’, ‘screening’, ‘self-examination’ and ‘barriers to medical follow-up’. ‘Near the telecommunications tower’, ‘Improper use of supplements’, ‘Being subjected to the evil eye regularly’, ‘Eating cold nature foods’, ‘Breast weight’ and ‘Being ashamed of the doctor’ were some examples of the codes.Conclusions Participants identified a number of environmental, personal and cultural factors as contributing to the disease. Woman’s screening behaviours were influenced by factors such as fear of disease and death, disbelief in getting sick and shame, depending on cultural context. The study suggests the need for further research to explore the impact of these factors on screening behaviours and outcomes in different cultural contexts.

Background Telerehabilitation (TR) has emerged as a feasible and promising approach for delivering rehabilitation services remotely, utilizing technology to bridge the gap between healthcare providers and patients. As new modalities of virtual care and health technologies continue to emerge, it is crucial to stay informed about the growing landscape of virtual care to ensure that telehealth service delivery is ethical and equitable, and improves the quality of services and patient outcomes. Objective The primary objective of this article is to present the protocol of a rapid review to examine the equity-related aspects surrounding the implementation of TR. This includes a comprehensive analysis of the ethical dimensions and fairness concerns linked to this practice. Methods A rapid review protocol was developed in accordance with Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Guidance. Medline and EMBASE databases were searched between January 2010 and March 2023. Study selection and data extraction will be conducted in two phases (Phase I) by two independent reviewers and subsequently (Phase II) by a single reviewer. Our study will utilize the PROGRESS-Plus and Equitable virtual rehabilitation in the metaverse era framework to identify dimensions where potential inequities may exist within TR interventions. Results This rapid review is anticipated to enhance our knowledge of TR in the fields of physiotherapy and occupational therapy, with a specific focus on its influence on ethical and equitable practices and providing a foundation for informed decision-making and improved patient care. Conclusion This rapid review will contribute to the advancement of our understanding of TR within physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Through synthesizing existing evidence, this study not only addresses current gaps in knowledge but also offers valuable insights for future research and clinical practice in TR services.

The main task of educational supervisors is to communicate and work professionally with teachers to improve the teaching and learning process. The purpose of this research was to identify the roles of educational supervisors and their influence in improving the teaching and learning process. exploratory mixed method with both qualitative and quantitative approaches was used. The theme analysis method was used in the qualitative approach. In this regard, a semi-structured interview was conducted using a purposeful approach, with 13 teachers and supervisors working in primary schools in the villages of Qom. After the implementation of interviews and data analysis through systematic coding by MAXQDA2020 software, 285 conceptual codes, 25 sub-categories and 5 main categories were identified, which included five dimensions of developmental, educational, logistic, leadership, and supervisory roles. In the quantitative part, 120 teachers working in elementary schools in the villages of Qom province completed the questionnaire. Smart pls software was used to analyze quantitative data. Results showed that the five mentioned roles positively and significantly affect the teaching-learning process.IntroductionThe educational system is unimaginable without the monitoring process. Educational supervision is defined as efforts to improve the educational learning process to develop leadership skills, improve ability, solve problems, and overcome obstacles faced by teachers (Mestarihi, 2020). In most schools, educational supervision and guidance is the responsibility of educational counselors, and is considered as an administrative task that does not have much effect on the process of teachers' educational reform. As a result, the educational issues and problems of teachers remain unsolved and according to the evidence, educational leaders in the current frameworks and with current methods are not able to respond to the issues and problems of teachers and meet their needs (Izan, Qaderi and Shirbighi, 2018).The purpose of this research was to identify the roles of educational Supervisors and their influence in improving the teaching and learning process. Research question: What are the roles of educational leaders? And the research hypothesis includes examining the identified roles of educational leaders on the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. In the research conducted in this field, the general role of different educational leaders in improving the teaching and learning process (Izan et al, 2019; Anderson et al, 2018 and Al-Eid, 2017) as well as the improvement of teachers' performance (e.g. Abedinia et al, 2019; Atia Ayad, 2023 and Mostarihi, 2020) are mentioned. In this research, it was tried to define the roles separately and then measure their effect in improving the teaching and learning process. Research MethodologyResearch method was of mixed exploratory type. In this regard, semi- structured interviews were conducted with 13 teachers and principals working in primary schools in Qom villages using purposeful sampling and according to the theoretical saturation approach. In order to experiment and analyze the data obtained from the interview, the method of thematic analysis was used. After implementing the interviews, data analysis was done through systematic coding by MAXQDA2020 software. In the quantitative part, 120 teachers working in elementary schools in the villages of Qom province completed the questionnaire on the roles of educational leaders and the questionnaire on the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process. Smart pls and SPSS software were used to analyze quantitative data. FindingsThe main categories identified include 1- Educational role, which includes educational planning, teacher assistance and guidance, conducting training courses, new teacher guidance, and rules and regulations training; 2- The procurement role was the second identified category includes facilities and facilities, educational supplies and tools, hardware infrastructure, software infrastructure and teaching resources and content; 3- The supervisory role was the next identified category includes performing one's duties in teacher evaluation, monitoring curriculum implementation, staff performance evaluation, and teacher performance evaluation; 4- The leadership role was the fourth category includes guidance and counseling, creating motivation, communicating with teachers, communicating with managers, and encouraging co-workers and 5- The developmental role was the last identified category includes attracting participation and cooperation, placing in the career path, assessing needs and determining educational priorities, preparing, implementing and directing research and curriculum development. These categories were developed on the themes and concepts extracted from the interviews.After extracting the secondary and main themes, in order to test the hypothesis of the research, a questionnaire on the role of educational leaders and a questionnaire on the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process were compiled and. According to the analysis of the results, the effect of educational role, leadership role, developmental role, supervisory and procurement roles on the improvement of the teaching and learning process is positive and significant, and 61% of the variance of the teaching and learning process is explained by the variables of the research model. Discussion and ConclusionResearch results regarding the educational role variable are consistent with Findings of Hilliard (2015) and Ismail (2018). In other words, educational supervisors solve educational issues and problems of teachers and students by playing their educational role, improve the quality of teachers' performance, and improve the teaching and learning process. One of the most important roles of educational leaders is the role of leadership, which has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. The results of this section are in line with the results of Gordon (2019), Abu Bakr (2015) and Bisong and Ejong (2008). The third role of educational leaders in this research is a developmental role. This role also helps the educational leaders of primary schools to contribute to the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process through the professional development of teachers, which is consistent with the research results of Mestarihi (2020).In the current situation in the teaching and learning process, the most active and dominant role for educational leaders is the organizational administrative (supervisory) role, and this is the legacy of the traditional method that has been manifested by educational leaders as an inspection role (Baharestan, 2009). One of the other important roles of educational leaders is the role of logistics, which has an impact on the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. The results of Abu Bakr (2015), Wick et al. (2007) and Ismail (2018) also confirm this finding.

Abstract In this contribution, a novel, low-cost, high throughput, and ultra-selective electrochemical DNA nanobiosensor was developed for accurate on-site detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in real media for practical diagnosis of Johne's disease (JD). The method was designed based on the immobilization of graphene oxide and chitosan biopolymer on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode, modified by electrochemical immobilization of graphene oxide and chitosan biopolymer, followed by activation of biopolymer via 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxy succinimide (EDC/NHS) coupling system. Afterward, the commercial probe DNA (ssDNA) was stabilized on the activated electrode surface to prepare an ultra-selective ssDNA-stabilized nanobiosensor for MAP sensing called “ssDNA-stabilized GO-CH-EDC/NHS-modified electrode”. Several characterization methods distinguished the bioelectrode. The DNA hybridization between the nanobiosensor and target DNA was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. "At optimal experimental conditions, the nanobiosensor showed a linear range of 1.0 × 10−15–1.0 × 10−12 mol L−1, a detection limit as low as 1.53 × 10−13 mol L−1, and a repeatability with a relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 4.7%. The reproducibility was also appropriate, with a %RSD of about 10%. It was used to diagnose MAP in real samples with highly accurate results. Therefore, the developed nanobiosensor can be used for clinical diagnosis of MAP.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological disorder associated with abdominalobesity (AO) and some reproductive complications including low pregnancy rate. Embryo-endometrium cross-talkhas a key role in successful embryo implantation and subsequent normal pregnancy rate. The primary objective ofthis study is to evaluate the decidualization potential of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) using the embryo conditionmedia (ECM) collected from PCOS patients with AO, compared to ECM of those patients without AO.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we measured the capacity of ECM collected from PCOS patientswith or without AO for decidualization induction in healthy ESCs after coculture. A total number of 53 embryos from40 couples belonging to PCOS with AO, PCOS without AO, nonPCOS with AO, and nonPCOS without AO patients,were included in our study. The embryosof four groups were single-cultured up to the blastocyst stage. Their ECM(45λ/well) were pooled and added to healthy ESCs monolayer culture media to investigate their effects on decidualizationpotential via gene (PRL, IGFBP1, IL1-β, HOXA10, IL-6 and TNF-α) and protein (PRL, IGFBP1, IL1-β)expression analysis and ESCs migration assay.Results: The morphological analysis, migration assay (P≤0.0321), protein (P≤0.0139) and gene expression analysisshowed PCOS with AO accounted for the highest gene (PRL, IGFBP1, IL1-β, HOXA10, IL-6, TNF-α) and proteinmarkers (PRL, IGFBP1, IL1-β) (P≤0.05). NonPCOS individuals without AO had the lowest level of both gene andprotein decidualization markers (P≤0.05).Conclusion: Considering decidualization as an inflammatory process, a higher level of decidualization markers wasassociated with a higher inflammatory status created by AO and PCOS, separately. Inflammation may disrupt the processof inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phase required for prevention of pregnancy loss, this could explain the highrate of abortion in these cases.

Abstract Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is the standard surgical approach to detect lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Machine learning is a novel tool that provides better accuracy for predicting positive SLN involvement in breast cancer patients. This study obtained data from 2890 surgical cases of breast cancer patients from two referral hospitals in Iran from 2000 to 2021. Patients whose SLN involvement status was identified were included in our study. The dataset consisted of preoperative features, including patient features, gestational factors, laboratory data, and tumoral features. In this study, TabNet, an end-to-end deep learning model, was proposed to predict SLN involvement in breast cancer patients. We compared the accuracy of our model with results from logistic regression analysis. A total of 1832 patients with an average age of 51 ± 12 years were included in our study, of which 697 (25.5%) had SLN involvement. On average, the TabNet model achieved an accuracy of 75%, precision of 81%, specificity of 70%, sensitivity of 87%, and AUC of 0.74, while the logistic model demonstrated an accuracy of 70%, precision of 73%, specificity of 65%, sensitivity of 79%, F1 score of 73%, and AUC of 0.70 in predicting the SLN involvement in patients. Vascular invasion, tumor size, core needle biopsy pathology, age, and FH had the most contributions to the TabNet model. The TabNet model outperformed the logistic regression model in all metrics, indicating that it is more effective in predicting SLN involvement in breast cancer patients based on preoperative data.

This work focused on the green synthesis of the composite material Fe3O4/ZIF-67@ZnO utilizing magnetic and ZnO nanoparticles aided by lime extract. The composite was characterized through FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, and TGA techniques. FTIR confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups. XRD revealed the crystalline nature of the composite. FESEM images revealed spherical aggregation and a rough surface morphology. EDX analysis confirmed the uniform distribution of different elements, indicating successful incorporation. The TGA results showed that the thermal stability of the composite was enhanced owing to the nanoparticles. The composite was applied as a catalyst for reducing the organic dyes Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methylene Blue (MB). The effects of varying dosages and dye concentrations were systematically studied. It exhibited significant catalytic efficiency, reducing 88.2 ​% of RhB (11 ​min) and 87.3 ​% of MB (9 ​min). The reduction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and synthesized composite could be reused for at least five cycles. These findings demonstrate the promising catalytic properties of the Fe3O4/ZIF-67@ZnO composite, especially for environmental remediation applications.

This study explores the green synthesis of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites (NCs) using Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Structural characterization confirms the crystalline nature and the hexagonal wurtzite and monoclinic phases of ZnO and CuO, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy reveals aggregated nanoparticles with an average size of 109 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirms the presence of Zn, Cu, and O in the NCs. Notably, the NCs exhibit a narrow band gap of 2.4 eV. These nanocomposites demonstrate remarkable catalytic efficiency in reducing toxic Congo red and methyl orange dyes, with high rate constants of 0.43 and 1.01 min−1, respectively. Optimal Congo red adsorption occurs at 25 % dye concentration and 70 min contact time. The adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption. The Freundlich isotherm accurately describes the multilayer, heterogeneous adsorption phenomenon. This green synthesis method successfully produces ZnO–CuO nanocomposites with significant potential for organic pollutant treatment and environmental remediation applications.

Background: Although antihistamines are the first-line treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), 50% of patients don’t respond to standard doses. In this study, the effectiveness of Ziziphus jujube fruit syrup in combination with antihistamines was assessed in patients with CSU.Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in Shiraz between December 2019 and December 2020. 64 patients with CSU who had experienced hives for at least six weeks and did not respond to the usual treatments were enrolled in the study. They were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups using permuted block random allocation. For four weeks, the intervention group received 7.5 mL Ziziphus jujube syrup twice a day, while the control group received 7.5 mL simple jujube syrup twice a day. Both groups received cetirizine 10 mg every night. Urticaria activity score (UAS) and CU-Q2oL questionnaires were used to assess urticaria state and sleep quality before and after each week for four consecutive weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18, and P

اثربخشی آموزش فعال سازی رفتاری بر رفتارهای خودمراقبتی، درد درک شده و واکنش به استرس در زنان مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 مقدمه: با توجه به شیوع بالای عوارض جانبی دیابت و اهمیت مداخله روانشناختی برای بهبود رفتارهای خودمراقبتی و سبک های مقابله ای سازگار در بیماران دیابتی، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی آموزش فعال سازی رفتاری بر رفتارهای خودمراقبتی، درد ادراک شده و واکنش به استرس در زنان مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 انجام شد. روش کار: جامعه آماری شامل کلیه زنان مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی نیشابور می باشد. 30 زن به روش نمونه گیری داوطلبانه و در دسترس انتخاب شدند. آنها به طور تصادفی به دو گروه آموزش فعال سازی رفتاری و گروه شاهد تقسیم شدند. آنها خلاصه فعالیت های خودمراقبتی دیابت، مقیاس آنالوگ بصری (VAS) و پرسشنامه مقابله با موقعیت های استرس زا (CISS) را تکمیل کردند. داده ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی، آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره و نرم افزار SPSS-22 تحلیل گردید. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که آموزش فعال‌سازی رفتاری باعث بهبود رفتارهای خودمراقبتی (001/0=P)، کاهش درد (001/0=P)، افزایش مقابله مسئله محور با استرس (001/0=P) و کاهش سبکهای مقابله ای هیجان مداری و اجتنابی (به ترتیب 001/0=P و 001/0=P) در گروه آزمایش نسبت به گروه شاهد گردید. نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد آموزش فعال‌سازی رفتاری باعث بهبود رفتارهای خودمراقبتی، کاهش درد و افزایش مقابله مسئله محور با استرس در زنان مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 می‌شود.

Abstract Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a self-sustaining and environmentally friendly system for the simultaneous was tewater treatment and bioelectricity generation. The type and material of the electrode are critical factors that can influence the efficiency of this treatment process. In this study, graphite plates and carbon felt were modified through the electrodeposition of nickel followed by the formation of a biofilm, resulting in conductive bio-anode thin film electrodes with enhanced power generation capacity. The structural and morphological properties of the electrode surfaces were characterized using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental mapping, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy techniques. Maximum voltage, current density, and power generation were investigated using a dual-chamber MFC equipped with a Nafion 117 membrane and bio-nickel-doped carbon felt (bio-Ni@CF) and bio-nickel-doped graphite plate (bio-Ni@GP) electrodes under constant temperature conditions. The polarization and power curves obtained using different anode electrodes revealed that the maximum voltage, power and current density achieved with the bio-Ni@CF electrode were 468.0 mV, 130.72 mW/m2 and 760.0 mA/m2 respectively. Moreover, the modified electrodes demonstrated appropriate stability and resistance during successful runs. These results suggest that nickel-doped carbon-based electrodes can serve as suitable and stable supported catalysts and conductors for improving efficiency and increasing power generation in MFCs.

Background & Purpose: Brain tumors are one of the deadliest malignancies that can directly affect the brain, and are often accompanied by executive function and memory disorders. The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of endurance exercise and nano curcumin consumption on short-term memory of rats with glioblastoma multiforme brain tumor. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 35 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of five including: the basic healthy control group, 4-week healthy control, basic cancer control, 4-week cancer control, cancer + nano curcumin group, cancer + exercise, and cancer + practice + nano curcumin. One week after the injection of cancer cells into the frontal cortex, the animals entered the main exercise program on the treadmill (4 weeks, 18 m/min, and 3 days a week). In the end, the rats were sacrificed, the data were collected, and the results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc statistical tests. Results: The results showed that endurance exercise and nano curcumin consumption significantly reduced the tumor volume in the cancer + exercise + nano curcumin group (P= 0.001), and also caused a significant increase in short-term memory in the studied groups compared to the 4-week cancer group (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Probably, performing endurance exercises along with the use of nano curcumin can improve short-term memory in rats with brain tumors, in addition to reducing tumor volume.

Pre-eclampsia is a disorder of 2nd half of pregnancy, which is characterized by a combination of hypertension, proteinuria and edema, secondary to decreased placental perfusion. Clinical studies suggest that there are histopathological changes in the placenta of pre-eclamptic women, compared to normotensive pregnant women. In developing countries, pre-eclampsia causes an estimated 50,000 maternal deaths per year. Only a small number of studies have however, been conducted in Bangladesh. Objective: To compare the histopathology of placenta in selected pre-eclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Methods: 220 pregnant women were selected with inclusion and exclusion criteria from 3 different medical colleges and divided into 2 groups -- A study group, consisting of 110 pre-eclamptic women and a control group consisting of 110 normotensive pregnant women. Dietary information was collected by 7 days food frequency questionnaire and food score was determined. Anthropometric and biochemical tests were performed. To evaluate the histopathology of placenta, tissue samples were collected from the placenta after delivery, and were prepared for histopathological studies, by haemotoxylin and eosin stain method. The mean number of areas of syncytial knot formation, the mean number of areas of cytotrophoblastic cell proliferation, the mean number of areas of fibrinoid necrosis, and the mean number of areas of hyalinised villi of pre-eclamptic and normal pregnant women were evaluated. Results: The mean number of areas of syncytial knot formation, the mean number of areas of cytotrophoblastic cell proliferation, the mean number of areas of fibrinoid necrosis, and the mean number of areas of hyalinised villi were found to be significantly higher in the study group, compared to the control group. Conclusion: Therefore, mean number of areas of syncytial knot formation, the mean number of areas of cytotrophoblastic cell proliferation, the mean number of areas of fibrinoid necrosis is increased in the placenta of pre-eclamptic women, compared to normotensive pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease that occurs due to a decrease in the synthesis of Please recheck. In beta thalassemia, defects in β-globin synthesis lead to an imbalance of β- and α-globin chains and the accumulation of α4 chains in the erythroid precursor which leads to ineffective erythropoiesis, shortened red blood cell survival, and finally clinical symptoms such as delayed sexual and physical maturation, endocrine dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, liver disease, bone deformities and hepatosplenomegaly. Current treatments such as transfusion, iron chelating agents and allogeneic stem cell hematopoietic transplantation have limitations in their use, including iron overload, lack of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched compatible donor, and graft versus host disease (GVHD). Gene therapy is a new therapeutic option for beta thalassemia patients that induces the continuous expression of beta globin chains in the patient’s hematopoietic stem cells. The idea of gene therapy was first proposed in the early 1970s, and the ultimate goal of this treatment method is to express the defective gene in the target cell in a way that can reduce the symptoms of the disease or eliminate them (symptoms) altogether. There are two general methods for gene therapy: the integrating vector, in which the desired gene is inserted into the genome of the target cell and its lifelong expression follows, is the non-integrating method, in which the vector doesn’t integrate into the genome of the target cell and the cytoplasmic form enables gene expression. The first beta thalassemia gene therapy was performed in France in 2006, and in this clinical trial, the first patient with the E/β0 thalassemia was treated at the age of 18. Gene therapy for beta-thalassemia has been approved by the food and drug administration in 2022 for patients aged 12 years and older who have a non β0/β0 phenotype. It seems that this therapeutic option is the definitive treatment method for blood transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia patients. However, this treatment method still has limitations: high cost, sensitivity of lentiviral vector production, and the possibility of integration of the vector near the proto-oncogene and its activation are some of them.

Background: Recently the carcinogenic and toxic effects of some heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) through the mechanism of oxidative stress have been reported. Due to the various consequences of chemotherapeutic treatments on body hemostasis, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Adriamycin 60 mg/m2 and Cytoxan 600 mg/m2 (AC) chemotherapy on the serum levels of Cr, Pb, and the percent α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition. Methods: This study was performed on 50 patients with breast cancer at two separate sampling times, the first at the initiation of chemotherapy and the last at the end of three courses of the AC chemotherapy treatment. Serum levels of Cr and Pb were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The percent DPPH inhibition (% I) and also the effect of age and stage of the disease on the mentioned variables were evaluated. Statistical comparison of the obtained results before and after chemotherapy was performed using paired sample t-test. Intra-group evaluation of age and disease stages was done using an independent sample t-test. Results: A significant decrease was observed in the percent DPPH inhibition after 3 courses of chemotherapy (p

Abstract Non-coding RNAs, including Inc-RNA and miRNA, have been reported to regulate gene expression and are associated with cancer progression. MicroRNA-561-3p (miR-561-3p), as a tumor suppressor, has been reported to play a role in preventing cancer cell progression, and MALAT1 (Lnc-RNA) have also been demonstrated to promote malignancy in various cancers, such as breast cancer (BC). In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation between miR-561-3p and MALAT1 and their roles in breast cancer progression. The expression of MALAT1, mir-561-3p, and topoisomerase alpha 2 (TOP2A) as a target of miR-561-3p was determined in BC clinical samples and cell lines via qRT-PCR. The binding site between MALAT1, miR-561-3p, and TOP2A was investigated by performing the dual luciferase reporter assay. MALAT1 was knocked down by siRNA, and cell proliferation, apoptotic assays, and cell cycle arrest were evaluated. MALAT1 and TOP2A were significantly upregulated, while mir-561-3p expression was downregulated in BC samples and cell lines. MALAT1 knockdown significantly increased miR-561-3p expression, which was meaningfully inverted by co-transfection with the miR 561-3p inhibitor. Furthermore, the knockdown of MALAT1 by siRNA inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase in BC cells. Notably, the mechanistic investigation revealed that MALAT1 predominantly acted as a competing endogenous RNA in BC by regulating the miR-561-3p/TOP2A axis. Based on our results, MALAT1 upregulation in BC may function as a tumor promoter in BC via directly sponging miRNA 561-3p, and MALAT1 knockdown serves a vital antitumor role in BC cell progression through the miR-561-3p/TOP2A axis.

Background & Aims: Considering the importance of academic fields, especially healthcare fields, knowing students’ attitude towards their field of study and future careers is highly important. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the attitude of Urmia University of Medical Sciences students towards their field of study and future career. Materials & Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 200 students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences (Urmia, Iran) were participated by convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that included two parts. The first part entailed the demographic information and second part some questions to measure the attitude towards the field of study and future career. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software. Results: The mean score of attitude of 80 students towards their field of study and future career was 52.01 ± 7.63, while that of 70 cases was 49.65 ± 10.47. The majority of the students had an average attitude towards their field of study (72.5%) and future career (54.0%). Students of some fields, such as medicine, pharmacy, nursing, operating room, and emergency medicine, had a more positive attitude towards their field of study and future career than other fields. Only 5.5% and 29.5% of students had a good/positive attitude towards their field of study and future career, respectively. Conclusion: The weak attitude of students of some fields, including public health, environmental health, radiology, anesthesia, and laboratory sciences, towards their field of study and future career shows the need for an appropriate planning to improve and strengthen educational programs and increase the career capacities of the mentioned fields.

Nahid Naghizadeh1, Shahin Riyahi Malayeri2, Mehdi Roozbahani3, Alireza Khademi4, Hossein Shirvani5 1 PhD Student in Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran 2 Associate Professor, Department of Sport Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Science, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Fars, Iran 5 Associate Professor, Sports Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Research Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran In the article published in volume 33, issue 226, 2023, the title was published incorrectly, which is now corrected.

Background & Aims: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is defined as chronic inflammation of middle ear and mastoid cavity that may present with recurrent ear discharges. Its importance lies in its refractoriness to treatment and chronicity, leading to complications. CSOM is almost always associated with mixed bacterial flora. Knowledge of the local microbial flora as well as continuous, periodic evaluation of microbiological pattern, and antibiogram of isolates are necessary to decrease the potential risk of complications by early institutions of appropriate treatment. Materials & Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, a total of 134 consecutive swab samples of the patients diagnosed with CSOM, referred to a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir Valley, India were included. The bacterial colonies were identified in line with standard procedures. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing (AST) was carried out according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) medium. The data was analysed using SPSS version 24 and the prevalence of the organisms was determined and expressed in percentages. Results: Out of total 134 ear swabs processed, microbial growth was seen in 111 (83%). The most common organism isolated was Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 43 (39%) of the patients, followed by Pseudomonas in 37 (27.6%). 9 (8%) of the cases had fungal etiology. Linezolid (LZ) showed 100% sensitivity in Gram-positive Cocci whereas, Tigecycline (TIG) showed 100% sensitivity in Gram-negative Bacilli. All MRSA were 100 % sensitive to tetracycline, linezolid, amikacin. All the isolates of Pseudomonas were 100 % sensitive to Tigecycline, Ofloxacin, Colistin, Imipenem, Aztreonam, Cefepime. Conclusion: Isolation of various aerobic, anaerobic, and fungal isolates shows that different conditions of CSOM could be differentiated on microbiological grounds. Thus, for better management of CSOM, microbial classification of infection as well as drug sensitivity test of organisms recovered are essential for making appropriate decision of antimicrobials that will effectively eradicate the pathogen.

Abstract PD-L1 is one of the most important immune checkpoint molecules in breast cancer that plays an important role in suppressing the immune system when confronted with tumor cells and is regulated by various microRNAs. Among them, microRNA-335-3p and microRNA-145-5p, regulated by DNA methylation, have tumor suppressor activities. We studied the role of miR-335 and -145 on PD-L1 suppression in breast cancer. The expression of miR-355 and miR-145 was significantly downregulated in BC tissues and cell lines compared to their controls, and their downregulation was negatively correlated with PD‐L1 overexpression. In-silico and luciferase reporter systems confirmed that miR-335 and -145 target PD-L1. In BC tissues and cell lines, cancer-specific methylation was found in CpG-rich areas upstream of miR-335 and-145, and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression was connected with hypermethylation (r = 0.4089, P = 0.0147, and r = 0.3373, P = 0.0475, respectively). The higher levels of miR-355 and -145 in BC cells induced apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle, and reduced proliferation significantly. In summary, we found that miR-335 and -145 are novel tumor suppressors inactivated in BC, and these miRs may serve as potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.

Introduction: In recent years, the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome has received more attention. Evaluation of the existing studies regarding the effects of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress on ovarian function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) indicates the key role of these factors in the progress and development of disease complications. The current review study was conducted with aim to summarize the presence and role of the aforementioned inflammatory mediators as well as the effect of recent treatment approaches including the use of antioxidant supplements and anti-inflammatory agents in improving the results of infertility treatment cycles in these patients.Methods: In the present review article, to find the related articles, databases of PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched with the keywords of polycystic ovary syndrome, inflammation, oxidative stress, oxygen-free radicals, antioxidant supplementation, infertility treatment, androgens, cytokines, and insulin resistance using the "AND" and "OR" operators from January 1991 to December 2020. Results: After reviewing all the articles in this field, it was found that PCOS, as a genetic and autoimmune disease, is associated with low degrees of inflammation, which plays an important role in the etiology, progression and occurrence of the disease. Moreover, ovulatory dysfunction, increased concentrations of oxygen free radicals in granulosa cells, as well as the follicular fluid of infertile PCOS patients under ART treatment, have been reported.Conclusion: It seems that the coordination between three main factors, namely high dietary carbohydrate intake, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism, can be considered as the initiator for inflammation induction and oxidative stress in PCOS patients. The antioxidant supplements and anti-inflammatory agents can be useful to improve the results of infertility treatment cycles in these patients; however, concluding the results still requires further studies.

Abstract Background In this study, we aim to evaluate the cosmetic outcome differences between Intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy (IOERT) and whole breast radiotherapy (WBR) with further investigation of boosted IOERT. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted in two referral centers in Tehran, Iran. 116 women aged 30 to 79 with early-stage breast cancer (T0-2N0-1M0) eligible for breast conservation were divided into two groups of 58 based on the intervention they received, and further subgroups were defined based on receiving boosted IOERT. Patients in both groups underwent breast conservation surgery and those in the IOERT group received either a 21 Gy radical dose (radical IOERT) or 12 Gy boosted electron beam radiotherapy and a routine fractionated dose of 50 Gy in 25 sessions of WBR (boosted IOERT). Those in the WBR group were administered 50Gy in 32 sessions. Physician-assessed cosmetic outcome was defined as the primary result and incidence of fat necrosis and fibrosis and post-operative chronic pain were secondary outcomes. Results Post-operative cosmetic outcome scores and chronic pain, showed no significant difference between the two groups. The median cosmetic score in both groups was 9. Fat necrosis and fibrosis had significantly higher rates in the IOERT group (P. Value: 0.001). However, the majority (21/34 or 61.8%) of this complication was observed in the boosted IOERT subgroup and no statistical significance was recorded between the radical IOERT subgroup and the WBR group. Conclusions In early-stage breast cancer treatment, radical IOERT has noninferiority compared to WBR in terms of cosmesis. Regarding fat necrosis and fibrosis, boosted IOERT was associated with higher rates in comparison to other groups. Therefore, radical IOERT seems to be a better treatment option for selected patients.

Background. Premature birth, in addition to causing health problems in infants, increases stress in the mother and reduces attachment between mother and baby. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of guided visualization on stress and attachment of mothers of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 35 mothers with premature infants admitted to the NICU of Mahdieh Hospital of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mothers were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. For mothers in the intervention group, the intervention was performed from the first to the fifth day of birth through training and sending guided imagery files. On the day of admission and discharge, the parental stress questionnaire and the postpartum attachment questionnaire were completed by the mother. SPSS software (version 20) was used to analyze the data. Results. The mean total score of maternal attachment on the fifth day of the intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group (P

Introduction: In this study, Radiomic features analysis of CT scan images of the irradiated breast compared to the contralateral breast after a 12 Gy boost radiation dose in IOERT was conducted to obtain radiation-sensitive indicators (parameters) biological markers or biological dosimeters.Material and Methods: 35 contrast chest CT scans (with unilateral ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who had undergone boost IOERT) were used in this study. The total number of 259 CT radiomic features (first-order, textural, gradient, and autoregressive model-based features) were extracted using Mazda software. The features that were significantly different in the two breasts were selected. A score was assigned to each of the features and the highest scores were characterized (according to the level of significant differences). The feature selection process was performed using the hybrid feature selection method.Results: CT Texture analysis indicated that radiation dose causes significant changes in some radiomic features of the breast tissue. Conclusion: With more research in the future, we can fit the Delta-Radiomics values with the received radiation dose and achieve a biological dosimeter to detect low-dose radiation.

AbstractVenture capital plays a significant role in economy. Different types of companies involved in venture capital activities may face difficulty in financing. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of venture capital in the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and In terms of the descriptive research method, it is a survey with a comparative causal approach. A number of 100 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2014 to 2019 were selected as a sample. Data were collected from the databases of the Central Bank of Iran, Statistics Center of Iran, Codal website, and WDI website and Tehran Stock Exchange website, and then analyzed using Excel, 9Eviews, and Matlab software. In this study, the determinants of venture capital on the Tehran Stock Exchange (capital volume, export volume, company tax, disclosure index, rule of law index, industry diversity, diversity of company life cycle stages, type of property, number of divisions and subsidiaries, company capital, company, size and company age) By studying the research literature and using neural network and fuzzy logic, a predictive model was created to determine the investment risk based on the determined indicators.. The classification model was presented using neural network without SOM supervision and fuzzy logic flexibility. The evaluation parameters of design, accuracy of the proposed ensemble classifier, mean error of the squares, and coefficient of explanation. The simulation results indicated that the performance of the proposed design compared to the classification by MLP neural network method was improved and the presented model based on the training provided predicted the status of capital with good accuracy.IntroductionVenture capital and its role in economy has been raised since the 1990s and includes not only financial capital but also non-financial capital. (Gompers and Lerner, 1998). Venture capital is described as a means of providing capital to the companies which may not use independent financial instruments and thus require external financing. Venture capital is a kind of active capital in the market in which some activities like monitoring and influencing the company's strategic decisions are performed using salary control and board seats. The abilities of an individual to participate in venture capital to add more value is reflected in the duration of the capital (Hain et al., 2018).Materials and MethodThe data set used in this simulation included capitals made by the companies listed on the stock exchange in 2014 to 2019, with a record of 500 capitals selected as a sample. Such data included two parts: training data and testing data to evaluate the accuracy of the model in forecasting. Of all the devices, 350 capitol records were used as training data and 150 capital data were as test datasets to evaluate project performance. Each capital record was assigned a numerical value as the amount of venture capital. The present study was applied in terms of purpose. The purpose of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a specific field. In addition, the present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of method and nature. This study aimed to determine the relationship between variables. For this purpose, appropriate indicators were obtained based on the scale of measurement of variables. The study was conducted in form of inductive deduction and its information was expost facto. The present study was a thematic area in the field of finance with a focus on venture capital issues. Tehran Stock Exchange was selected as the spatial domain of the present study. Data were collected from the databases of the Central Bank of Iran, Statistics Center of Iran, Codal website, Tehran Stock Exchange website, and then analyzed using Excel, 9Eviews, and Matlab software. The research process was as follows: in the framework of developing economies, focusing on Iran, the determinants of venture capital on the Tehran Stock Exchange were identified. Then, a predictive model was created using neural network and fuzzy logic to determine venture capital based on extractive indicators. capital volume, export volume, company tax, disclosure index, rule of law index, industry diversity, diversity of life cycle stages of the company, type of property, number of divisions and subsidiaries, company capital, company size and age of the company were twelve factors determining venture capital on the Tehran Stock Exchange.Hypothesis1: The investment volume of mergers and acquisitions has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.2: Exports have an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.3: Company tax has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.4: Disclosure index has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.5: The rule of law index has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.6: Diversification of industry has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.7: Diversification of different stages of the company's life cycle has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.8: The type of ownership has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.9: The number of sections and subsidiaries has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.10: The company investment has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.11: Company size has an effect on venture investment in Tehran Stock Exchange.12: The age of company has an effect on venture investment in the Tehran Stock Exchange.Discussion and Results The design evaluation parameter was the mean square error (MSE) and the explanation index (R2) of the proposed ensemble classifierIn order to compare the proposed design with existing tools, it was necessary to determine the accuracy of these tools on their data set, so in this section, the MLP neural network was used first to predict venture capital. At this step, 12 features were proposed for corporate capital records as input neurons to the neural network. The output of the network was the amount of venture capital. Here, the neural network had the task to provide conditions in the model training phase by determining the weights, so that the predicted amount of venture capital had the least difference with their actual amount.After training, the neural network was evaluated to test performance with testing data.ConclusionIn the proposed design, to predict the initial clustering of data by SOM method, to calculate the centers of clusters, the innovative formula was used and combined with fuzzy logic of the second type was used.In the current design, the researchers used the SOM neural network, which is an unsupervised learning method, along with logic flexibility, to decide on the amount of venture capital. The SOM network clusters the observed data and determines the centers of the clusters, then assigns a probabilistic value to each cluster in the range of zero and one, depending on the sample density in each cluster. After that, a model for labeling new samples based on the distance factor from the centers of the clusters was presented, which based on the second type fuzzy logic, the probability of each sample belonging to each class is determined. The simulation results indicate that the performance of the proposed design has improved compared to the classification by MLP neural network method and the proposed model based on the training provided to the model, has predicted the status of capitals with good accuracy.