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As one of the primary causes of illness and death globally, cancer demands novel and potent treatment approaches, which is why lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained attention as a promising delivery system for anticancer drugs with precision and efficacy. The article discusses the salient characteristics of LNPs, such as the lipid components, particle size, polydispersity index, and encapsulation efficiency, followed by strategies that enhance their remarkable drug delivery capabilities. The articles explore LNPs ability to improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of various chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids, and immunotherapeutic modalities. It also highlights the recent advancement in surface modification of LNPs, which is essential to improve their effectiveness. Tailored coatings of LNPs improve targeting precision, stability, and biocompatibility; enhancing their transport to boost therapeutic efficacy for cancer targeting. The review summarizes the recent advancements made in using LNPs to treat different forms of cancer and focuses on the most recent clinical studies. Overall, the review highlights that the LNPs can target and treat cancer in a tailored manner through gene therapy, RNA interference, and immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on formulating, developing, and characterizing nanoemulsions (NE) of antifungal drug (Itraconazole) for its better thermodynamic stability. This way it is expected to be better utilized as a carrier for the transdermal delivery of the drug against Candida albicans infection. The solubility of the drug in various oils was investigated, leading to the identification of an oil phase (clove oil) that not only met the desired solubility criteria but also is reported to exhibit an antifungal effect. The subsequent step involves constructing a pseudo-ternary phase diagram and performing associated mathematical calculations to achieve a thermodynamically stable NE, utilizing the titration method at a constant temperature. The 4:1 ratio of Smix (a mixture of polysorbate 80 as a surfactant and polyethylene glycol 400 as a co-surfactant) was selected based on the largest area of transparency. This study aims to give an insight into the importance of pseudo ternary phase diagram construction and its evaluation, as a significant means for the development of NE. Furthermore, the optimized formulation was chosen and evaluated for key parameters, such as droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and viscosity. The results exhibited promising characteristics in terms of droplet size and zeta potential indicating the stability of the formulation which can be further explored for suitable dermal drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stable, adequately pourable guar-gum suspension medium has been developed by using the QbD approach. For this, the QTPP is defined followed by its subset CMA (guar gum and sucrose concentration). The CQA are viscosity and sedimentation volume. The target range for viscosity is 99 - 101.3 cps and sedimentation volume 0.98-1 for preparing the optimized suspension. To achieve this optimization, the central composite design has been opted which would fit well to the quadratic model. The quadratic equations and the ANOVA results are validated. The analysis phase of graphical and numerical optimization suggested that 0.1g of guar-gum and 20g of sucrose can achieve an optimized viscosity and sedimentation volume suspension. This contour plots and surface plots are utilized to check the combined interaction of the variables. The checkpoint analysis reveal appropriate percentage variance, which signify the predictive ability of the developed model and validated the design for an optimum suspension. Further, scale-up and stability studies will verify the projected promising results which may be scaled up for its applications in pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are rare and excised most commonly via the transcervical approach. A female patient presented with a left side neck swelling of size 5cm x 4cm, progressively increasing in size. Radiologically a well-defined soft tissue intensity mass lesion in left parapha-ryngeal space (PPS) was noted suggesting paraganglioma (Schwannoma). Resection of the tumor with robotic assistance via the retro-auricular approach was planned and resected. The robotic assistance resection of PPS mass via retro-auricular tunnel has the advantages of lessening the extent of dissection and better instrument access eliminating blind dissection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study deals with the formulation of biological macromolecule chitosan-based Tween 80-coated nanoparticles to deliver gallic acid and rutin into the skin for psoriasis treatment. To optimize the nanoformulations for minimum particle size and maximum possible entrapment efficiency (dependent variables), 32 full factorial design was used to optimize the formulation. Concentration of Tween 80 and chitosan were independent variables. The optimized chitosan nanoformulation of gallic acid, rutin and their combination was explored against psoriasis using in vitro methods and HaCaT cell line. The results indicated excellent entrapment of drug in the chitosan polymer and Higuchi model of drug release. The optimized encapsulated Tween 80-coated chitosan nanoparticles containing combination of gallic acid and rutin showed the reduced keratinocyte hyperproliferation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity even better than the chitosan nanoparticles containing gallic acid and rutin individually in the nanoparticles. Anti-psoriasis like activity of Tween 80-coated nanoformulations of gallic acid may be attributed to faster penetration of the drug by increased permeation and fusion of drug molecules. Thus, the present in vitro investigation indicates that chitosan-based nanoformulations hold promising potential in the treatment of psoriasis. The activity was increased once we combine gallic acid and rutin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]