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Objective: Controlled morphological FeCo nanoparticles with different Fe/Co ratios were prepared by a surfactant-free modified chemical reduction process in the water medium. Methods: Polyethylene glycol [PEG 200] was used to protect from areal oxidation of FeCo alloy, and a mixture of hydrazine, sodium hydroxide was served as the reducing system in this process. Results: It was found that the shape of FeCo nanoparticles varied from flakes to cubes according to the atomic ratio of the metal precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that the prepared samples with different compositions got a single-phase body-centered–cubic structured FeCo alloy. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed all sample's atomic ratios and sizes (FeCo cubes with a size of ~130 nm). Conclusion: The vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) measurements reveal that the Fe60Co40 had the highest magnetization of 208 emu/g among all samples.

The dissipation kinetics activity of FeTiO2 nanoparticles on benzoic acid class herbicide- dicamba, Imidazolinone class herbicide – imazethapyr, sulfonylurea class herbicide – metsulfuron-methyl and Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate class herbicide - clodinafop-propargyl in loamy sand soil was investigated with effect of pH of soil, moisture content and humic acid content on the decontamination of herbicide in photocatalysis were investigated. The effective concentration of humic acid required for the rapid decontamination of herbicide residues on soil was established by varying the amount of humic acid in the range of 10 to 40 mg/Kg and the effective concentration of humic acid was 10 mg/Kg for dicamba, 30 mg/Kg for metsulfuron-methyl and clodinafop-propargyl and there was no effect on imazethapyr. The effect of pH of soil on the decontamination of herbicide residues in soil was investigated by varying the pH of soil from 4.0 to 9.7 and the rapid degradation was observed in soil of pH 9.7 for dicamba and imazethapyr and for metsulfuron-methyl and clodinafop-propargyl in soil of pH 4 when compare to other pH of soil. The degradation order was pH 4 < pH 6.5 < pH 8.0 < pH 9.7 for dicamba and imazethapyr and for metsulfuron methyl and clodinafop-propargyl was pH 6.5 < pH 8 < pH 9.7 < pH 4. The effect of moisture content on decontamination of herbicide residues in soil was investigated by varying moisture content in soil from 20 to 50 mL/Kg. The effective moisture content for rapid degradation was 50 mL/Kg for for dicamba and imazethapyr and for metsulfuron-methyl and clodinafop-propargyl was 40 mL/Kg., EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol 32 (2019)

The present study was conducted to determine the nitrogen transformation test of abamectin 3.6 g/L EC. This study was conducted as per OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals OECD 216. The test item abamectin 3.6 g/L emulsifiable concentrate (EC) was applied in a loamy sand soil and incubated over a period of 28 days for nitrogen transformation test at concentrations of 3.2 μL/kg soil dry weight and 16 μL/kg soil dry weight. The concentrations tested were based on one and five times the maximum recommended field application rates of 1200 mL/ha and 6000 mL/ha of abamectin 3.6 g/L EC, respectively. The deviation in soil nitrate content determined at 28 days after application of the test item to soil compared to the control was 0.14% and − 9.25% for the single and five times test concentrations, respectively. There is no significant variation between the treatment groups and control sample. The rate of nitrate formation between 14 and 28 days after application of the test item to soil deviate from control by 10.41% and 13.74% for 3.2 and 16 μL/kg soil dry weight, respectively. Deviations in nitrate levels and nitrate formation rates in soil treated with up to and including 16 μL/kg of test item/kg soil dry weight were

The effect of Picoxystrobin 25% SC on soil microorganisms (carbon transformation) was assessed in a test that measured induced respiration rate following the application of Picoxystrobin 25% SC to soil. Picoxystrobin 25% SC was incubated in loamy sand soil over a period of 28 days for the carbon turnover at 1-fold and 5-fold concentrations, equivalent to 0.340 mg/kg dry weight (T1) and 1.700 mg/kg dry weight (T2) on product basis, respectively (corresponding to a field application rates of 400 mL/ha and 2000 mL/ha). Control consists of soil treated with equivalent quantity of distilled water and it was also incubated in the dark along with the treated soil samples. Carbon transformation was determined by short term respiration of soil microorganisms by amending soil samples with glucose. The oxygen consumption (BOD) during short term respiration of soil microorganisms in soil samples was measured up to 12 consecutive hours following addition of glucose on days 0, 7, 14 and 28 after application of Picoxystrobin 25% SC. In loamy sand soil respiration study at the end of the 28th day, deviations in respiration rates compared to controls after applying the test item to soil were − 18.34% and − 19.55% for the test concentrations of 0.340 mg and 1.700 mg of Picoxystrobin/kg soil dry weight, respectively. The dose concentrations (T1 and T2 levels) of Picoxystrobin 25% SC ware determined by validated HPLC method.

The current research has aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of Annona squamosamethanolic leaves extract(ASME) on the progression of adjuvant induced arthritis in Wistar rats.ASME was obtained by bioactivity guided fraction by 5-Lipooxygenase inhibitory activity.The ASME was administrated orally at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 35 days to the experimental animals.Arthritis was induced on day 8 by a single intraplantar injection of 0.1 ml suspension of heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (100 μg/animal) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant of left foot pads of female Wistar rats. The anti-arthritic activity extract was screened by measuring hind limb paw volume, biochemical and haematological parameters, pathological and radiography changes. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and inflammatory mediators PGE2, LTB4 was measured in serum samples on day 35. The stabilizing ability of lipid peroxide and activities of enzymatic antioxidants catalase,superoxide dismutase (SOD) and non-enzymatic antioxidants reduced glutathione (GSH)levels were measured in liver.Treated groups ASME 100 and 200 mg/kg and prednisolone 10 mg/kg significantly decreased hind paw volume, diminished serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2 and LTB4, reduced MDA levels and increased levels of catalase, SOD and GSH levels in liver and promising results of serum biochemistry, haematology, histopathology and radiographic changes suggests the administration of ASME was effective in modulating the inflammatory response and conquer the advancement of arthritis in experimental animal model. The safety of ASME was established (LD 50 >2000 mg/kg) by acute oral toxicity limit test according to OECD guideline 423. These findings may help to improve the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.