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Background: While direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have established efficacy in reducing the risk of ischemic stroke, they still leave a residual risk of stroke, which may be greater in practice (0.7–2.3%) than in controlled clinical trial settings. This meta-analysis examines four therapeutic approaches following a stroke in patients already on DOACs: continuing with the same DOAC, changing to a different DOAC, increasing the current DOAC dosage, or switching to a vitamin K antagonist (VKA), such as warfarin. Methods: Systematic review of literature from the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases, was conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The analysis focused on six studies with varied patient demographics, examining as outcomes as recurrent ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, other bleeding events, and mortality. Results: Six studies comprising 12,159 patients were included, all of them were observational. Patients who remained on their initial DOAC regimen had a lower risk of experiencing ischemic strokes (risk ratio (RR) 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43–0.70; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%), intracranial hemorrhage (RR 0.37; 95% CI 0.25–0.55; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%), and hemorrhagic events (RR 0.44; 95% CI 0.30–0.63; p < 0.001; I2 = 6%) compared to those who were switched to warfarin, with an increase in mortality rates (hazard ratio (HR) 1.85; 95% CI 1.06–3.24; p = 0.03; I2 = 84%). In contrast, neither changing to a different DOAC nor adjusting the dose proved to be more effective than the original regimen. Conclusion: Post-stroke adjustments to anticoagulation therapy—whether altering the drug or its dosage—do not yield additional benefits. In addition, the results suggest that warfarin may be less effective than DOACs for preventing stroke recurrence, bleeding complications, and death in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is concern that recommendations on prophylactic antiseizure drugs (PASDs) for patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) are biased by studies using older drugs and no electrographic monitoring. Aims: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether PASDs in patients with sICH reduced seizure occurrence and improved functional outcomes. We included analyses of newer trials, newer antiseizure drugs, and effectiveness in patients with consistent electrographic monitoring. Methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane were searched from inception until 12 August 2022, to identify studies with patients with sICH treated with PASDs, regardless of study design. The studied outcomes were functional status and occurrence of seizures. Results: Fourteen studies were included, including 6742 patients. Risk of bias was low overall. There was no effect of PASD on seizure occurrence overall (odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–1.15), but they were associated with reduced occurrence in studies with electrographic monitoring (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18–0.70). There was no effect of PASDs on functional outcomes (OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.91–1.47) or mortality (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.65–1.11). Conclusion: Prophylactic antiseizure medications after sICH reduce seizures in studies with electroencephalogram monitoring in high-risk patients. However, this benefit did not reflect in the improvement of functional outcomes, even in studies with newer, less toxic, antiseizure drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]