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12. Sulfatide and its synthetic analogues recognition by Moraxella catarrhalis

Author

Ozcelik, P., Bezirci, F. B., Suzuki, Y., Uzawa, H., Nishida, Y., Kobayashi, K., Suzuki, T., Miyamoto, D., Nagatake, T., and Ahmed, K.

Subjects
Human pharyngeal epithelial cell, Attachment, Sulfatide, Moraxella catarrhalis
Abstract

Moraxella catarrhalis is one of the major pathogens of respiratory and middle ear infections. Attachment of this bacterium to the surface of human pharyngeal epithelial cells is the first step in the pathogenesis of infections. This study revealed that sulfatide might act as a binding molecule for the attachment of M. catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Furthermore, six different synthetic sulfatides were found to inhibit the attachment of M. catarrhalis significantly at an optimum concentration of 10 μg/ml. Synthetic sulfatides may have the potential to be used as a therapy to prevent M. catarrhalis infections.

Published
2006

13. Role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of Moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells

Author

Akgul, G., Erturk, A., Turkoz, M., Turan, T., Ichinose, A., Nagatake, T., and Ahmed, K.

Subjects
Lipooligosaccharide, Attachment, Moraxella catarrhalis
Abstract

The goal of this study was to determine the role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of Moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Strain 2951 and its Pk mutant strain 2951 galE were used in this study. This study suggests that the Pk epitope of LOS is not an adhesin for M. catarrhalis, but plays a crucial role by its surface charge in the initial stage of attachment.

Published
2005

15. S-carboxymethylcysteine inhibits the attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells, adult, article, cheek, chi square test, controlled study, DNA extraction, female, human, human cell, hypothesis, major clinical study, pathogenesis, polymerase chain reaction, preeclampsia, priority journal, statistical significance, X chromosome inactivation, Adult, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, X Chromosome Inactivation Medline is the source for the MeSH terms of this document

Author

Cakan, G., Turkoz, M., T. Turan, Ahmed, K., and Nagatake, T.

Subjects
Androgen Receptor, Dna, Restriction Endonuclease
Abstract

Cataloged from PDF version of article. Pre-eclampsia is a disorder that affects approximately 5% of pregnancies. We tested the hypothesis that skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) could be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Peripheral blood DNA was obtained from 67 pre-eclampsia patients and 130 control women. Androgen receptor (AR) was analyzed by the Hpa II/polymerase chain reaction assay to assess XCI patterns in DNA extracted from peripheral-blood cells. In addition, buccal cells were obtained from seven patients, and the analysis repeated. Extremely skewed XCI was observed in 10 of 46 informative patients (21.74%), and in 2 of 86 informative controls (2.33%, P = 0.0005; χ2 test). Our findings support a role for the X-chromosome in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia in a subgroup of patients. © Springer-Verlag 2006.

Published
2003

17. Evaluation of PCR-based methods for the diagnosis of tuberculosis by identification of mycobacterial DNA in urine samples

Author

Kafwabulula, M. L., Ahmed, K., Nagatake, T., Gotoh, J., Mitarai, S., Oizumi, K., and Professor Sir Alimuddin Zumla

Subjects
Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Zambia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Abstract

The Chest Clinic and the JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Molecular Laboratories, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, and the Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.To evaluate the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a laboratory test for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the African situation by identifying mycobacterial DNA in urine samples using two commonly described molecular methods.Prospective collection and laboratory analysis of urine samples from adult Zambian patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy controls.Urine was obtained from 63 patients with culture-confirmed active pulmonary tuberculosis and 63 'healthy' control patients with no active tuberculosis. DNA was isolated from urine sediment and subjected to analyses by two well-described PCR-based methods, 'the Sechi method' and 'the Githui method', for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA. The sensitivity and specificity of the two tests were determined.The sensitivity and specificity of the Githui method were 55.6% (35/63) and 98.4% (62/63), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the Sechi method were 28.6% (18/63) and 98.4% (62/63), respectively. Of the 63 patients, 50 (79%) were HIV sero-positive and the frequency of positive PCR urines using the Githui method was greater in HIV-positive patients than in HIV-negative patients (32/50 = 64% vs. 3/13 = 23%; P = 0.05).Neither the Githui method nor the Sechi method was sensitive enough to be recommended for routine use in clinical practice. PCR-based assays for the detection of M. tuberculosis DNA in urine will require further refinement before they can be recommended for use in clinical practice in Africa. The presence of mycobacterial DNA in urine samples of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis also requires further study.

Published
2002

23. Reconsideration of scaling measure for liquid-column break problem.

Author

Kunugi, T., Hara, K., Nagatake, T., and Kawara, Z.

Subjects
MULTIPHASE flow, TWO-phase flow, WATERFRONTS, GAS-liquid interfaces, PHYSICS experiments, COMPUTER simulation
Abstract

The liquid-column break problem is one of the well-known validation tests for the multiphase flow computations. However, a few experimental data are available until now regarding the liquid-column break problem. In the validation process, it is necessary to consider the differences of the boundary and initial conditions between both experiment and numerical simulation. In this study, we conducted the liquid-column break experiments and measured the position of the water-front and the gravity center of the water region by using a high-speed camera and an image analyzing software. These experimental results were compared with the numerical simulation results. The water front position is usually taken as a scaling measure to evaluate the accuracy of numerical method for multiphase flows. However, when the real sizes of the liquid column changed to double without changing the aspect ratio (height/width), the non-dimensional water front positions were changed. From this fact, it is considered that the position of the waterfront cannot be used as the scaling measure for this problem. On the other hand, the gravity-center positions of the water region obtained by the experiments for both cases showed in very good agreement with the numerical results for all cases. As the conclusion, the gravity-center position should be used as the scaling measure instead of the water-front position for the two-phase numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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49. Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections between 1987 and 2000, including beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains.

Author

Qin L, Watanabe H, Asoh N, Watanabe K, Oishi K, Mizota T, and Nagatake T

Abstract

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five antibiotics and the presence of resistance genes was determined in 163 Haemophilus influenzae isolates collected over 13 years (1987-2000) in four two-yearly sampling periods from patients with respiratory tract infections. The prevalence of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-susceptible strains was approximately 80% over the sampling period although fewer strains (65.9%) were recovered in the period 1995-1997. TEM-1 type beta-lactamase-producing strains were less frequent starting at 15.6% and declining to 2.2% in the final sampling period. Low-beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains were uncommon in 1987-1989 (2.2%), peaked to 19.5% in 1995-1997, but fell back to 11.1% by 2000. Fully BLNAR strains were not detected until the last sampling period (6.7%). The MICs of ampicillin, levofloxacin, cefditoren and ceftriaxone remained stable but there was an eight-fold increase in the MIC of cefdinir over the sampling period. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of DNA digests showed that three representative BLNAR strains were genetically distinct and 11 DNA profiles were identified among 17 low-BLNAR strains. These data suggest that the number of genetically altered BLNAR and low-BLNAR strains are increasing in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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50. Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections between 1987 and 2000, including β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains.

Author

QIN, L., WATANABE, H., ASOH, N., WATANABE, K., OISHI, K., MIZOTA, T., and NAGATAKE, T.

Abstract

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five antibiotics and the presence of resistance genes was determined in 163 Haemophilus influenzae isolates collected over 13 years (1987–2000) in four two-yearly sampling periods from patients with respiratory tract infections. The prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-susceptible strains was approximately 80% over the sampling period although fewer strains (65·9%) were recovered in the period 1995–1997. TEM-1 type β-lactamase-producing strains were less frequent starting at 15·6% and declining to 2·2% in the final sampling period. Low-β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains were uncommon in 1987–1989 (2·2%), peaked to 19·5% in 1995–1997, but fell back to 11·1% by 2000. Fully BLNAR strains were not detected until the last sampling period (6·7%). The MICs of ampicillin, levofloxacin, cefditoren and ceftriaxone remained stable but there was an eight-fold increase in the MIC of cefdinir over the sampling period. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of DNA digests showed that three representative BLNAR strains were genetically distinct and 11 DNA profiles were identified among 17 low-BLNAR strains. These data suggest that the number of genetically altered BLNAR and low-BLNAR strains are increasing in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2007
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