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Background: The clinical effects and potential benefits of nutrition supplementation interventions for persons living with HIV remain largely unreported, despite awareness of the multifaceted relationship between HIV infection and nutrition. We therefore e

Empirical evidence, based on variable-centered approaches (e.g., correlation and regression analyses), supports robust links between weight and muscularity teasing and eating variables in men. However, limited research has considered the directions (i.e., high and low) of teasing or their combinations via person-centered approaches (e.g., latent class analysis). Thus, this study explored the relationships between four types of teasing (i.e., teasing for high weight, low weight, high muscularity, and low muscularity) and eating variables in 596 Chinese adult men using variable and person-centered approaches. Independent t-tests and regression analyses revealed that four types of teasing had unique associations with eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and intuitive eating. Latent class analysis identified four distinct teasing classes, including High Weight-Low Muscularity, Low Weight-Low Muscularity, Low Teasing, and High Weight-High Muscularity. Notably, individuals in the Low Teasing group consistently showed the lowest ED symptomatology and psychosocial impairment and the highest intuitive eating. Individuals in the High Weight-High Muscularity group exhibited the highest traditional ED symptomatology and the most severe psychosocial impairment. The findings highlight the importance of future research considering teasing directions and tailored interventions for adult men in certain subgroups at risk of eating disorder psychopathology (e.g., the High Weight-High Muscularity teasing group)., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of intermittent fasting (IF) engagement with body mass index (BMI), both thinness-oriented and muscularity-oriented eating disorder (ED) psychopathology, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and intuitive eating., Method: Using a longitudinal design, 491 Chinese adults (M age  = 30.33 years, SD = 7.89) provided data regarding BMI, IF status, and eating variables at baseline (T1) and 8-month (T2) follow-up. One-way ANOVA was used to explore cross-sectional associations between IF engagement at T1 and study variables (i.e., BMI and eating variables) at T1. Cross-lagged regression analyses were used to examine the longitudinal associations between IF engagement at T1 and study variables at T2, after adjusting for covariates and study variables at T1., Results: Cross-sectionally, compared with participants who never engaged in IF at T1, those with current or past engagement in IF at T1 exhibited significantly higher BMI, ED psychopathology, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and lower intuitive eating at T1. Longitudinally, relative to never engagement in IF at T1, both current and past engagement in IF at T1 were associated with higher ED psychopathology and greater eating-related psychosocial impairment at T2. Also, relative to never engagement in IF at T1, past engagement in IF at T1 was associated with higher BMI at T2 and lower unconditional permission to eat as a facet of intuitive eating at T2., Discussion: The findings challenge the perception of IF as an effective approach for weight loss and also suggest IF might have enduring adverse impacts on eating behaviors, similar to traditional forms of dieting., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objective: To assess associations between multiple dimensions of gender diversity with eating disorder symptoms in a national cohort of U.S. early adolescents., Method: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 10,092, M age  = 12.9 years, 2019-2021). Gender diversity was measured using multiple dimensions, including categorical gender identity (e.g., transgender, cisgender), categorical and continuous felt gender (congruence between gender identity and assigned sex), ordinal gender non-contentedness (dissatisfaction with one's gender), and ordinal gender expression (communication of gender through appearance and mannerisms). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations among gender diversity measures and eating disorder symptoms, adjusting for potential confounders., Results: Greater felt gender diversity was associated with self-worth tied to weight (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11-1.53), binge eating (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.46), and distress with binge eating (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09-1.59). Greater gender expression diversity was associated with self-worth tied to weight (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.33), distress with binge eating (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04-1.51), and characteristics of binge eating episodes (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06-1.66). Gender non-contentedness was associated with self-worth tied to weight (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.20-1.58) and compensatory behaviors related to weight gain (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.26). Transgender identity was not significantly associated with any eating disorder symptoms., Discussion: We found that greater gender diversity across multiple dimensions was associated with various eating disorder symptoms, and that measures beyond binary gender identity may be important to assess gender diversity in early adolescence., (© 2024 The Author(s). International Journal of Eating Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Prior research demonstrates positive associations between muscularity dissatisfaction and an array of negative health outcomes, including muscularity-oriented disordered eating, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress. However, muscularity dissatisfaction differs by gender and is not always linked to these outcomes, indicating the existence of moderators of these associations. We proposed and examined muscularity bias internalization (MBI) as a moderator of these associations. The study included online samples of 450 Chinese men and 450 Chinese women who completed measures assessing MBI, muscularity dissatisfaction, muscularity-oriented disordered eating, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress. Pearson correlation analyses examined the bivariate associations among study variables. Multiple linear regression analyses examined the moderating effects of MBI. Results revealed that both muscularity dissatisfaction and MBI were significantly and positively related to all outcome variables, except for a non-significant correlation between muscularity dissatisfaction and psychological distress in women. MBI was a significant moderator in men, not women, with muscularity dissatisfaction being more strongly and positively related to all outcome variables in men reporting higher MBI. Our study provides preliminary evidence supporting gender differences in the role of MBI in the associations of muscularity dissatisfaction with muscularity-oriented eating disorder psychopathology and psychosocial well-being., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

General early-life bullying victimization has been used as an early-life marker of eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being later in life. We expand existing research in this area to Chinese sexual minority (SM) men, a vulnerable and under-researched subgroup, by considering associations of general early-life bullying victimization with current eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being. We assessed demographics, general early-life bullying victimization, past appearance teasing, current thinness- and muscularity-oriented eating and body image disturbances, and current psychosocial well-being in Chinese SM men (N = 433). Correlation and hierarchical linear regressions examined the study hypotheses. Beyond covariates (e.g., age) and past appearance teasing, general early-life bullying victimization explained significant, unique variance in all outcome variables. Specifically, higher general early-life bullying victimization was uniquely associated with more current thinness- and muscularity-oriented eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being. Consistent with research in the Western context, findings suggest that general early-life bullying victimization is a meaningful, positive correlate of current eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being in Chinese SM men. Future research considering sexual minority stress as a theoretical backdrop may help explain associations between general early-life bullying victimization and negative health outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study investigated the association between prior incarceration length and edentulism among US adults 55 years and older. Analyses explored indirect factors such as wealth, smoking status, mental health, and chronic health conditions that may explain this relationship. In addition, the study analyzed how associations between incarceration and edentulism vary by race and ethnicity., Methods: The authors used data from the 2012-2014 Health and Retirement Study (unweighted N = 11,630; weighted N = 72,872,877) to assess the relationship between incarceration duration and edentulism through multivariable logistic regression. The Karlson-Holm-Breen method evaluated indirect effects, and multiplicative interaction terms examined variations by race and ethnicity., Results: Net of control variables analyses showed a positive association between having been incarcerated for more than 1 month and higher odds of edentulism. However, this association was rendered statistically nonsignificant after accounting for wealth, current smoking status, mental health, and chronic disease. Collectively, wealth and smoking explained approximately 60% of the association between prior incarceration length and edentulism. Racial moderation models indicated that longer incarceration times increased edentulism likelihood in non-Hispanic Whites specifically., Conclusions: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study on the association between prior incarceration length and edentulism among older adults. Study findings indicated the relationship between incarceration and edentulism was explained by higher wealth and current smoking status., Practical Implications: These findings highlight the need for adequate access to oral health care services for formerly incarcerated older adults to improve oral health and enhance their overall health and quality of life., Competing Interests: Disclosures None of the authors reported any disclosures., (Copyright © 2024 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aim: The current study investigated the prospective relationships between parental monitoring, family conflict, and screen time across six screen time modalities in early adolescents in the USA., Methods: We utilised prospective cohort data of children (ages 10-14 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (years baseline to Year 2 of follow-up; 2016-2020; N = 10 757). Adjusted coefficients (B) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using mixed-effect models with robust standard errors., Results: A higher parental monitoring score was associated with less total screen time (B = -0.37, 95% CI -0.58, -0.16), with the strongest associations being with video games and YouTube videos. Conversely, a higher family conflict score was associated with more total screen time (B = 0.08, 95% CI 0.03, 0.12), with the strongest associations being with YouTube videos, video games, and watching television shows/movies in Years 1 and 2., Conclusion: The current study found that greater parental monitoring was associated with less screen time, while greater family conflict was linked to more screen time. These results may inform strategies to reduce screen time in adolescence, such as improving communication between parents and their children to strengthen family relationships., (© 2024 The Author(s). Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.)

Background: Previous literature has explored the relationship between television viewing and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults; however, there remains a paucity of longitudinal data describing how young adult television viewing relates to premature CVD events., Objective: To ascertain the relationship between level and annualized changes in television viewing from young adulthood to middle age and the incidence of premature CVD events before age 60., Design: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a prospective community-based cohort with over 30 years of follow-up (1985-present)., Participants: Black and White men and women who were 18-30 years old at baseline (1985-1986)., Main Measures: Independent variables: Individualized television viewing trajectories were developed using linear mixed models., Dependent Variables: Fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, and stroke outcomes were analyzed separately and as a combined CVD event outcome., Key Results: Among 4318 included participants, every 1-h increase in daily hours of television viewing at age 23 was associated with higher odds of incident CHD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.49) and incident CVD events (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.32). Each additional hour of daily television viewing annually was associated with higher annual odds of CHD incidence (AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.06-2.25), stroke incidence (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.02-2.46), and CVD incidence (AOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03-1.69). Race and sex modified the association between television viewing level at age 23 and CHD, heart failure, and stroke, with White men most consistently having significant associations., Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study, greater television viewing in young adulthood and annual increases in television viewing across midlife were associated with incident premature CVD events, particularly CHD. Young adulthood as well as behaviors across midlife may be important periods to promote healthy television viewing behavior patterns., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Gender diversity, encompassing gender identity beyond traditional binary frameworks, has been associated with substance use during adolescence. However, there is a paucity of studies that consider different dimensions of gender diversity. This study investigates associations between multiple dimensions of gender diversity and substance experimentation in early adolescents., Methods: Data from 10,092 adolescents aged 12-13 years from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were used to assess the relationship between gender diversity and substance experimentation. Gender diversity was measured using multiple dimensions, including identity (transgender), felt gender (congruence between gender identity and assigned sex), gender non-contentedness (dissatisfaction with one's gender), gender expression (adherence to gender expression norms), and place on the gender spectrum (masculine to feminine). Substance use was evaluated using self-reported lifetime and new experimentation (past year) of alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use. Logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors were analyzed., Results: More gender-diverse responses for felt gender, gender non-contentedness, gender expression, and gender spectrum were associated with higher odds of lifetime alcohol experimentation. More gender-diverse responses for gender identity and gender non-contentedness were associated with higher odds of new nicotine experimentation, and more gender-diverse responses for gender identity, felt gender, gender non-contentedness, and gender expression were associated with higher odds of lifetime and new cannabis experimentation., Conclusion: Gender diversity is differentially associated with new and lifetime substance experimentation in early adolescence. Different dimensions of gender diversity may be uniquely associated with substance use behaviors, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in gender-diverse adolescents., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the prospective associations between four types of perceived discrimination (country of origin, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, and weight) and the development of manic symptoms in a diverse, nationwide sample of adolescents aged 9-14 years in the U.S., Methods: We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 7466; ages 9-14 years at Year 1 or 2 in 2017-2020; 48.5 % female; 39.4 % racial/ethnic minority). Multiple zero-inflated negative binomial analyses were conducted to examine the associations between Year 1 or 2 discrimination (by country of origin, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, weight, sum score), and Year 3 manic symptoms (7 Up Mania scale), adjusting for covariates (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, parental education, sipping alcohol, puffing tobacco, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, Year 1 manic symptoms, and study site)., Results: After adjusting for covariates, perceived discrimination based on country of origin (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.46; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.86), sexual orientation (IRR = 1.36; 95 % CI 1.21-1.53), race and ethnicity (IRR = 1.28; 95 % CI 1.13-1.46), weight (IRR = 1.21 95 % CI 1.09-1.34), and sum scores (IRR = 1.18 5 % CI 1.12-1.24), were significantly associated with higher manic symptoms., Conclusion: Perceived discrimination based on country of origin, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, weight, and sum scores, are prospectively associated with greater manic symptoms in adolescents. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address discrimination and associated psychological impacts. Efforts to reduce discrimination and to support affected adolescents are important components of comprehensive mental health care and public health strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is characterized by extreme preoccupation with insufficient muscularity that prompts pathological behaviors and distress/impairment. The Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) - a widely used measure of MD symptoms - has yet to be validated among transgender women, despite emerging evidence suggesting risk for muscularity-oriented concerns in this population. We examined the MDDI factor structure as well as the reliability and validity of its subscales in a sample of 181 transgender women ages 19-73 years who participated in a national longitudinal cohort study of U.S. sexual and gender minority adults. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine model fit for the original three-factor structure of the MDDI (drive for size, appearance intolerance, functional impairment). A re-specified three-factor model allowing covariance of residuals for two conceptually related items demonstrated good overall fit (χ 2 /df = 1.33, CFI =.94, TLI =.93, RMSEA =.06 [95 % CI =.01,.09], SRMR =.07). Moreover, results supported the internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity of the MDDI subscales in transgender women. Findings inform the use of the MDDI among transgender women and provide a foundation to support future research on the MDDI and MD symptoms among gender minority populations., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Dr. Obedin-Maliver has received consulting fees from Sage Therapeutics, Ibis Reproductive Health, Folx Health Inc., Hims Inc., and Upstream, Inc. Dr. Lunn received consultation fees from Hims Inc., Folx Health Inc., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Inc., and the American Dental Association on topics unrelated to this work. Dr. Flentje has consulted for Hopelab (2020). None of these roles present a conflict of interest with this work as described here. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to report., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Study Objectives: Early exposure to mature content is linked to high-risk behaviors. This study aims to prospectively investigate how sleep and sensation-seeking behaviors influence the consumption of mature video games and R-rated movies in early adolescents. A secondary analysis examines the bidirectional relationships between sleep patterns and mature screen usage., Methods: Data were obtained from a subsample of 3,687 early adolescents (49.2% female; mean age: 11.96 years) participating in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. At Year 2 follow-up, participants wore Fitbit wearables for up to 21 nights to assess objective sleep measures and completed a scale about sensation-seeking traits. At Year 3 follow-up, they answered questions about mature screen usage., Results: Of the sample, 41.8% of the sample reported playing mature-rated video games and 49% reported watching R-rated movies. Sensation-seeking traits were associated with R-rated movie watching one year later. Shorter sleep duration, later bedtime, more bedtime variability, and more social jetlag (discrepancy between the mid-sleep on weekdays and weekends) were associated with mature-rated video gaming and R-rated movie watching one year later. Sleep duration variability was associated with mature-rated video gaming. There was also an interaction effect: those with higher sensation-seeking scores and shorter sleep duration reported more frequent R-rated movie usage than those with longer sleep duration. Secondary analyses showed bidirectional associations between later bedtimes, more variability in bedtimes, and more social jetlag with mature screen usage., Conclusion: Early adolescents with sensation-seeking traits and poorer sleep health were more likely to engage in mature screen usage., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Despite the ubiquity of adolescent screen use, there are limited longitudinal studies that examine the prospective relationships between screen time and child behavioral problems in a large, diverse nationwide sample of adolescents in the United States, which was the objective of the current study., Methods: We analyzed cohort data of 9,538 adolescents (9-10 years at baseline in 2016-2018) with two years of follow-up from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. We used mixed-effects models to analyze associations between baseline self-reported screen time and parent-reported mental health symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist, with random effects adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, household income, parent education, and study site. We tested for effect modification by sex and race/ethnicity., Results: The sample was 48.8% female and racially/ethnically diverse (47.6% racial/ethnic minority). Higher total screen time was associated with all mental health symptoms in adjusted models, and the association was strongest for depressive (B = 0.10, 95% CI 0.06, 0.13, p < 0.001), conduct (B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.03, 0.10, p < 0.001), somatic (B = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.11, p = 0.026), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms (B = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.10, p = 0.013). The specific screen types with the greatest associations with depressive symptoms included video chat, texting, videos, and video games. The association between screen time and depressive, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and oppositional defiant symptoms was stronger among White compared to Black adolescents. The association between screen time and depressive symptoms was stronger among White compared to Asian adolescents., Conclusions: Screen time is prospectively associated with a range of mental health symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, though effect sizes are small. Video chat, texting, videos, and video games were the screen types with the greatest associations with depressive symptoms. Future research should examine potential mechanisms linking screen use with child behavior problems., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with blood pressure in adulthood are inconclusive. Similarly, the association between ACEs and blood pressure earlier in the life course is understudied. This study aims to assess the associations of ACEs with blood pressure among early adolescents. We utilized data collected at baseline (age: 9-10 years) and Year 2 follow-up from 4077 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. We used adjusted multiple linear regression models to estimate the associations of ACEs (cumulative score and subtypes) at baseline with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at year 2 of follow-up. Experiencing ≥4 ACEs (compared to 0) was significantly associated with higher SBP ( B = 3.31, 95 % CI 0.03, 6.57, p = 0.048). Of the ACEs subtypes, household substance use ( B = 2.28, 95 % CI 0.28, 4.28, p = 0.028) and divorce or separation ( B = 2.08, 95 % CI 0.01, 4.15, p = 0.048) were both significantly associated with a higher SBP while household mental illness ( B = 2.57, 95 % CI 1.32, 3.81, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with a higher DBP. Our findings suggest that exposure to multiple ACEs is associated with higher blood pressure in adolescence., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

This cross-sectional study described prevalent body image (BI) concerns among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with neoplasms who received treatment at a quaternary care children's hospital. Thirty-two AYAs, aged 15-39 years, completed questionnaires assessing BI within six months of diagnosis. The most frequently endorsed questionnaire items included the following: desire for increased physical fitness (62.5%), self-consciousness about hair (45.2%), weight dissatisfaction (40.6%), lack of strength (37.5%), wearing loose clothing to hide one's body (37.5%), decreased agility (34.4%), shape dissatisfaction (32.2%), and self-perception of too much body fat (31.3%). Awareness of AYA BI concerns during treatment may generate early intervention targeting this complex issue.

Purpose: To determine prospective associations between bedtime screen use behaviors and sleep outcomes one year later in a national study of early adolescents in the United States., Methods: We analyzed prospective cohort data from 9,398 early adolescents aged 11-12 years (48.4% female, 45% racial/ethnic minority) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (Years 2-3, 2018-2021). Regression analyses examined the associations between self-reported bedtime screen use (Year 2) and sleep variables (Year 3; self-reported sleep duration; caregiver-reported sleep disturbance), adjusting for sociodemographic covariates and sleep variables (Year 2)., Results: Having a television or Internet-connected electronic device in the bedroom was prospectively associated with shorter sleep duration one year later. Adolescents who left their phone ringer activated overnight had greater odds of experiencing sleep disturbance and experienced shorter sleep duration one year later, compared to those who turned off their phones at bedtime. Talking/texting on the phone, listening to music, and using social media were all prospectively associated with shorter sleep duration, greater overall sleep disturbance, and a higher factor score for disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep one year later., Discussion: In early adolescents, several bedtime screen use behaviors are associated with adverse sleep outcomes one year later, including sleep disturbance and shorter weekly sleep duration. Screening for and providing anticipatory guidance on specific bedtime screen behaviors in early adolescents may be warranted., (Copyright © 2024 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of weight discrimination (the perception of being treated unfairly based on weight) and its sociodemographic associations among early adolescents aged 10 to 13 in the United States., Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study in Year Two (2018-2020). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted, with perceived weight discrimination as the dependent variable and age, sex, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) category, household income, and highest parental education level as adjusted independent variables. Interaction with BMI category and weight discrimination by sex, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, and household income was tested for., Results: In our analytical sample (N = 7129), we found that 5.46 % of early adolescents reported experiencing weight discrimination. Adolescents with BMI percentile ≥95th (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.41; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 4.71-8.70), <5th (AOR, 3.85; 95 % CI, 2.10-7.07), and ≥85th to <95th (AOR, 2.22; 95 % CI, 1.51-3.25) had higher odds of experiencing weight discrimination compared to adolescents with BMI percentile 5th to <85th. Sex and race and ethnicity modified the relationship between BMI category and weight discrimination. Adolescents who identified as gay/bisexual (AOR, 3.46; 95 % CI, 2.19-5.45) had higher odds of experiencing weight discrimination compared with heterosexual adolescents., Conclusions: Our results underscore the need for anti-bullying campaigns and positive media representation of all body types. Clinicians should recognize that sexual minority youth disproportionately experience weight discrimination, emphasizing the need for affirmative healthcare and early intervention to prevent the mental health impacts of such discrimination., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Purpose: Our aim was to examine associations between transgender identity and sleep disturbance in a demographically diverse, national sample of U.S. early adolescents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study from Year 3 (2019-2021, n = 10,277, 12-13 years) to investigate the association between transgender identity and caregiver-reported measures of their adolescent's sleep, assessed by the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Results: Transgender adolescents had a higher risk of overall sleep disturbance and symptoms of insomnia and excessive sleepiness. Furthermore, per caregiver report, transgender adolescents were more likely to have shorter sleep duration categories; particularly concerning is the significant risk of <5 hours of sleep for transgender adolescents compared with their cisgender peers. Conclusion: These findings indicate that transgender adolescents had worse caregiver-reported sleep outcomes compared to cisgender peers. This study highlights the need for screenings and interventions targeted at improving sleep among transgender adolescents.

Background: There is limited research on the spatial distribution of eating disorders and the proximity to available eating disorder services. Therefore, this study investigates the distribution of eating disorders among adolescents and young adults in Ontario, Canada, with a specific focus on geographic disparities and access to publicly-funded specialized eating disorder services., Methods: A community sample of 1,377 adolescents and young adults ages 16-30 across Ontario between November and December 2021 participated in this study and completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, we mapped the geographic prevalence of eating disorders and examined proximity to specialized eating disorder services. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were utilized to determine the association between geographic region and eating disorder symptomatology. Additionally, t-tests were utilized to examine differences between time/distance to specialized services and clinical risk for eating disorders., Results: Applying geospatial analysis techniques, we detected significant spatial clusters denoting higher eating disorder scores in rural areas and areas with fewer specialized services. Likewise, our findings report disparities between rural and urban areas, suggesting that rural regions exhibit elevated rates of eating disorders. There were no associations between distance/time to services and eating disorder symptomology., Conclusions: The discrepancies in eating disorder symptomology between urban/rural may stem from stigma and unique socio-cultural contexts in rural communities. The study underscores the need for targeted intervention, including telehealth, in addressing the eating disorder challenges faced by adolescents and young adults in rural regions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Emerging research evidence suggests positive relationships between higher screen time and eating disorders. However, few studies have examined the prospective associations between screen use and eating disorder symptoms in early adolescents and how problematic screen use may contribute to symptom development., Methods: We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 10,246, 2016-2020, ages 9-14). Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the longitudinal associations between baseline self-reported screen time and eating disorder symptoms in year two. Logistic regression analyses were also used to estimate cross-sectional associations between problematic screen use in year two (either problematic social media or mobile phone use) and eating disorder symptoms in year two. Eating disorder symptoms based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-5) included fear of weight gain, self-worth tied to weight, engaging in compensatory behaviors, binge eating, and distress with binge eating., Results: Each additional hour of total screen time and social media use was associated with higher odds of fear of weight gain, self-worth tied to weight, compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, binge eating, and distress with binge eating two years later (odds ratio [OR] 1.05-1.55). Both problematic social media and mobile phone use were associated with higher odds of all eating disorder symptoms (OR 1.26-1.82)., Conclusions: Findings suggest greater total screen time, social media use, and problematic screen use are associated with more eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence. Clinicians should consider assessing for problem screen use and, when high, screen for disordered eating., Level of Evidence: Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

It has been documented in the literature that the use of photo filters to alter one's appearance may negatively impact body image and increase the risk for thinness-oriented disordered eating behaviors. However, the prior research has neglected to investigate the association between use of photo filters and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, which was the aim of this study. Data from the Canadian Study of Adolescent Health Behaviors (2022; N = 912), a national study of adolescents and young adults in Canada, were analyzed. Linear regression analyses revealed that the use of photo filters was associated with greater muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, including total symptomatology and Appearance Intolerance, among the overall sample. Gender significantly moderated the association between photo filter use and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, whereby boys and young men, compared to girls and young women, who reported photo filter use had greater Drive for Size and Functional Impairment symptomatology. Findings expand prior research by emphasizing that photo filter use is related to muscularity-oriented body image concerns and behaviors. Future research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms that underpin this association., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

The association between body mass index (BMI) and binge-eating disorder (BED) is well-established. However, data on the extent to which BMI is associated with progression from binge-eating behavior into BED among adolescents are limited, which was the aim of this investigation. Participants were 9964 U.S. adolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, aged 9-13 at the time of study enrollment. A computerized parent-reported assessment was used to establish adolescents' binge-eating behaviors and BED. Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates were used to examine prospective associations between BMI and likelihood of BED onset among a) adolescents with binge-eating behavior, and b) adolescents with no binge-eating behavior. Of 975 adolescents who met the study criteria for binge-eating behavior, 89 (9.1%) subsequently met the study criteria for BED. Of 8989 adolescents with no binge-eating behavior, 82 (0.9%) subsequently met the study criteria for BED. BMI percentile was significantly associated with the likelihood of BED onset in participants with (adjusted HR = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00, 1.06) and participants without (adjusted HR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.07) binge-eating behavior. Results were also significant when examining BMI as a dichotomous predictor (above and below 85th percentile) among those with (adjusted HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.00, 6.68) and those without (adjusted HR = 6.01, 95% CI 3.90, 11.10) binge-eating behavior. Overall, results indicate that elevated BMI is prospectively associated with a greater risk for BED onset among U.S. adolescents with or without binge-eating behavior. Adolescents with a higher BMI may benefit from screening for binge eating, and prevention/early intervention strategies to mitigate the risk for developing BED., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Substance use in youth remains a pressing problem in the United States. Existing studies have shown the importance of neuropathways responsible for affective response and reward motivation in adolescents' substance use initiation and maintenance. However, limited observational studies have explored the relationship between aspects of behavioral motivation traits and the likelihood of substance use initiation in adolescents. In this prospective cohort study, we assessed the associations between behavioral motivation traits based on the Behavioral Inhibition and Approach Systems (BIS-BAS) Scale and substance use initiation using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study., Method: In the 9216 eligible sample population, we assessed the associations between mean Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) / Behavioral Approach System (BAS) scores measured at year 2 of the ABCD study and substance use initiation at year 3 of the ABCD study using multivariable logistic regressions adjusting for ABCD study site, sampling weights, as well as sociodemographic characteristics., Results: We found that higher BIS mean score was associated with higher odds of initiating substance use at year 3 (AOR=1.20, 95 % CI: 1.03, 1.40). Out of three BAS measure categories, only BAS Fun-seeking mean score was positively associated with higher odds of initiating substance use at year 3 (AOR=1.23, 95 % CI: 1.07, 1.43)., Conclusion: Our study showed that inhibitory and fun-seeking behavioral tendencies are associated with an increased likelihood of substance use initiation in adolescents. Our findings suggest a potential pathway linking emotional traits to early substance initiation in adolescents., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Adolescents and young adults are at heightened risk for eating disorder (ED) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptoms; yet, these symptoms and their relationships to harmful behaviors may also vary by gender. Thus, this study examined: 1) the prevalence of attempts to lose, gain, or maintain the same weight across gender identities, 2) purposes of weight change attempts, and 3) relationships between weight change attempts and ED and MD symptoms across cisgender men, women, and transgender and gender expansive (TGE) youth. 940 adolescents and young adults (57.4% cisgender women, 33.8% cisgender men, 8.8% TGE) completed questionnaires about weight change attempts, ED and MD symptoms. Women and TGE individuals attempted to lose weight more often than men, while men attempted to gain weight more often. All genders endorsed weight loss and gain attempts for different purposes. Weight loss attempts related to ED symptoms and appearance intolerance, whereas weight gain attempts related to MD symptoms across genders. In women, all weight change attempts related to greater functional impairment due to exercise. Findings highlight the need for tailored interventions to address desires to change one's body and underscore the harmful effects of weight change attempts across genders.

A growing body of research has demonstrated that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a risk factor for criminal justice system contact. However, much of this research is limited by (1) being conducted in the United States and (2) a lack of details on specific types of harmful experiences of criminal justice system contact, such as police contact characterized by intrusion or harassment. Using survey data from 940 individuals aged 16 to 30 in Canada from the Canadian Study of Adolescent Health Behaviors, this study investigates the relationship between ACEs and police contact, focusing on encounters involving intrusion or harassment. Results from logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses reveal that individuals with high ACE exposure, particularly those with four or more ACEs, are more likely to have police contact, including experiences of intrusion and harassment. The results are significant in understanding the interplay between childhood trauma and later encounters with the criminal justice system, emphasizing the need for trauma-informed approaches in policing and healthcare. The study highlights the importance of early interventions to mitigate the effects of ACEs and prevent adverse outcomes in police interactions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

Objective: To determine disparities in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) by sexual identity in a national cohort of early adolescents., Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from year 2 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N=10,934, 2018-2020, ages 10-14 years). Disparities in ACE score across lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB), not sure, and heterosexual adolescents were assessed using multinomial logistic regression analyses. Logistic regressions estimated the associations between sexual identity and each individual ACE. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders., Results: In adjusted models, LGB adolescents had higher risk of experiencing 2, 3, or ≥4 ACEs (Relative Risk Ratios [RRR] =1.57, 95% CI 1.01-2.42), 3 (RR=1.78, 95% CI 1.100-2.88), or ≥4 ACEs (RRR=3.20, 95% CI 1.92-5.32), and not sure adolescents had a higher risk of having ≥4 ACEs (RRR=2.17, 95% CI 1.22-3.87), compared to heterosexual adolescents. LGB and not sure adolescents had higher risks of reporting emotional abuse ("yes" OR =4.21, 95% CI 1.84-9.61; "maybe" OR=6.20, 95% CI 2.91-13.19) and parent mental illness ("yes" OR=1.95, 95% CI 1.48-2.57; "maybe" OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.21-2.18) compared to heterosexual adolescents., Conclusions: LGB adolescents and those questioning their sexual identity were at greater risk of having higher ACE scores, with LGB adolescents experiencing the highest risk of experiencing ACEs. LGB adolescents also had higher odds of reporting emotional and parent mental illness. Recognizing this heightened risk of ACEs in early adolescence is critical for designing clinic and school-based interventions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Julia Raney reports financial support was provided by California Department of Public Health. Julia Raney reports financial support was provided by US Department of Health and Human Services. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to describe the frequency of dieting practices among adolescents and young adults in Canada, as well as determine the association between dieting and eating disorder attitudes and behaviors. Data from 2762 Canadian adolescents and young adults from the Canadian Study of Adolescent Health Behaviors were analyzed. Frequencies were used to determine the prevalence of 11 different diets among the sample, and chi-square tests were used to assess gender differences. Multiple modified Poisson and linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between any dieting and eating disorder attitudes and behaviors. Among the sample, 15.7 % of girls and women, 10.4 % of boys and men, and 13.0 % of transgender/gender expansive (TGE) participants reported any dieting in the past 12 months, with the Ketogenic diet being most common among all genders. Results from regression analyses showed that engaging in any dieting in the past 12 months was associated with greater eating disorder psychopathology among girls, women, boys, and men, but not TGE participants. There were varying trends in association between specific types of dieting practices and eating disorder behaviors among girls, women, boys, and men. Dieting is relatively common among a national sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults, and engagement is associated with greater eating disorder psychopathology and behaviors. Healthcare and public health professionals should consider screening for eating disorders among adolescents and young adults who report engaging in dieting practices., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between food insecurity (FI) and eating disorder psychopathology in a large sample of rural Chinese adolescents., Methods: Analyses included 1654 adolescents (55.4% girls; M age  = 16.54 years, SD = 1.45) from a rural high school in southwestern China. FI, eating disorder psychopathology, and psychological distress (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress) were assessed. Data were analyzed by sex. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the zero-order association between FI and eating disorder psychopathology. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to explore whether FI could explain meaningful variance in eating disorder psychopathology beyond psychological distress and demographic covariates (e.g., socioeconomic status)., Results: FI was significantly associated with higher eating disorder psychopathology for boys (r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and girls (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), with medium-to-large effect sizes. FI accounted for significant unique variance in eating disorder psychopathology beyond psychological distress and demographic covariates for boys (ΔR 2  = 0.14, p < 0.001) and girls (ΔR 2  = 0.10, p < 0.001)., Discussion: Using a large sample of rural Chinese adolescents, this study extends the connection between FI and eating disorder pathology in adolescents beyond the Western context. Future investigations on the mechanisms underlying FI and eating disorder psychopathology are warranted for developing prevention strategies for eating disorders among rural Chinese adolescents., Public Significance: This is the first investigation that examined the link between FI and eating disorder psychopathology among rural Chinese adolescents. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating FI as a potential risk factor to screen for the prevention and intervention of eating disorders among rural Chinese adolescents., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Family environment and parental monitoring have long been recognized as two important factors associated with adolescents' psychological development. Studies have suggested a potential link between parenting style/parental engagement and the likelihood of bullying victimization among adolescents. Nonetheless, no studies to date have investigated the association between family environment and the subsequent risk of cyberbullying victimization among adolescents. In this study, we assessed the association between family environment (eg, parental monitoring and family conflict) and subsequent risk of cyberbullying victimization using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD)., Methods: We used multivariable logistic regressions to assess the association between parental monitoring and family conflict at year 1 and the subsequent risk of cyberbullying victimization at year 2 in 10,410 eligible ABCD study participants., Results: Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, study sampling weights and study site, higher levels of parental monitoring at year 1 were associated with a lower reported past 12-month (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50-0.75) history of cyberbullying victimization at year 2. Higher levels of family conflict at year 1 were associated with a higher risk of reported past 12-month history (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.16) of cyberbullying victimization one year later., Conclusion: Higher levels of parental monitoring and lower levels of family conflict are associated with a subsequent lower risk of cyberbullying victimization among adolescents. Cyberbullying victimization preventive programs should advocate for increased parental monitoring and minimize family conflict at home to reduce the risks of cyberbullying victimization among adolescents., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest No conflict declared., (Copyright © 2024 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to determine the prospective association between creatine monohydrate use and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology among adolescents and young adults in Canada. Data from 912 adolescents and young adults from the Canadian Study of Adolescent Health Behaviors were analyzed. Creatine monohydrate use in the past 12 months was assessed at Wave 1, and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology was measured using the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) at Wave 1 and Wave 2. The prospective associations between creatine monohydrate use and the MDDI total score and subscale scores were determined using linear regression analyses. Regression analyses controlled for relevant demographic identifiers, prior substance use, and the corresponding Wave 1 MDDI variable. Creatine monohydrate use at Wave 1 was prospectively associated with both total muscle dysmorphia symptomatology (B 1.34, 95 % CI 0.27, 2.42) and greater Appearance Intolerance (B 0.52, 95 % CI 0.02, 1.03) at Wave 2. Importantly, these findings were independent of prior muscle dysmorphia symptomatology, lifetime anabolic-androgenic steroid use, lifetime cigarette use, and frequency of alcohol use. Creatine monohydrate is commonly used among adolescents and young adults. Findings from this study are among the first to document that creatine monohydrate use may be a risk factor for the development of muscle dysmorphia symptomatology among adolescents and young adults. Health and mental health care professionals may consider assessing for both creatine monohydrate use and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology among adolescents and young adults., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors report no conflicts of interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine the associations between screen time across several contemporary screen modalities (eg, television, video games, text, video chat, social media) and adherence to the Mediterranean-DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet in early adolescents., Methods: We analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study of 9 to 12-year-old adolescents in the United States. Multiple linear regression analyses examined the relationship between self-reported screen time measures at baseline (year 0) and the 1-year follow-up (year 1) and caregiver-reported nutrition assessments at year 1, providing a prospective and cross-sectional analysis. Cross-sectional marginal predicted probabilities were calculated., Results: In a sample of 8267 adolescents (49.0% female, 56.9% white), mean age 10 years, total screen time increased from 3.80 h/d at year 0 to 4.61 h/d at year 1. Change in total screen time from year 0 and year 1 was associated with lower nutrition scores at year 1., Prospective: Screen time spent on television, video games, and videos at year 0 was associated with lower nutrition scores at year 1. Cross-sectional: Screen time spent on television, video games, videos, texting, and social media at year 1 was associated with lower MIND diet scores at year 1., Conclusions: Both traditional (television) and several contemporary modalities of screen time are associated, prospectively and cross-sectionally, with lower overall diet quality, measured by the MIND diet nutrition score, in early adolescents. Future studies should further explore the effect of rising digital platforms and media on overall adolescent nutrition., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate associations between police contact, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and suicidal ideation (SI) among a national sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults (ages 16-30)., Methods: Data used in this study were obtained from the Canadian Study of Adolescent Health Behaviors (N = 940), a national survey of Canadians ages 16-30., Results: Police contact was associated with higher odds of NSSI (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.37, 2.86). Those who reported police contact with intrusion (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.49, 3.38) and police contact with harassment (OR = 3.98, 95% CI = 2.30, 6.88) had higher odds of NSSI relative to respondents with no contact. Finally, any police contact was associated with higher odds of SI (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.34) and respondents experiencing police stops with harassment had higher odds of SI compared to those who had never been stopped (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.45, 4.24)., Conclusions: Distressing police contact heightens the risk of NSSI and SI among young people. Rigorous evaluation of trauma-informed, developmentally appropriate strategies for identifying and intervening on NSSI and SI following adverse police encounters should be prioritized., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To identify the lifetime prevalence and correlates of appearance- and performance-enhancing drugs and substances (APEDS) use among a national sample of US college and university students. Participants: Student participants from the 2020-2021 Healthy Minds Study ( N  = 7,401; ages 18-30 years). Methods: Lifetime prevalence of five forms of APEDS was estimated. Modified Poisson regression analyses were conducted to determine the sociodemographic correlates of protein and creatine supplement use. Results: Lifetime protein (23.8%) and creatine (7.7%) supplement use were most common among the sample. Older age within young adulthood, male sex, perceiving oneself to be normal weight or somewhat overweight, any athletics participation, and 2-3 or ≥ 5 h/week of exercise were associated with greater likelihood of lifetime protein and creatine supplement use. Conclusions: Awareness and prevention efforts on the potential harms of APEDS use are needed on campuses, particularly among males and those who participate in athletics and high-frequency exercise.

Purpose of Review: To consolidate recent literature addressing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents, including but not limited to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) adolescents., Recent Findings: Sexual and gender minority adolescents are at heightened vulnerability to eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors compared to their cisgender and heterosexual peers, potentially due to minority stress, gender norms, objectification, and the influence of the media, peers, and parents. We report findings from recent literature on the epidemiology and prevalence, assessment, mental health comorbidity, quality of life and psychosocial functioning, risk and protective factors, and treatment and interventions for eating disorders in sexual and gender minority adolescents. Addressing eating disorders in sexual and gender minority adolescents requires an integrated approach consisting of screening, tailored treatment, and comprehensive support to address intersectional challenges. Gender-affirming and trauma-informed care approaches may be considered., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The purpose of our study was to understand the relationship between sociodemographic factors and adherence to the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet in a demographically diverse national population-based sample of 9-12-year-olds in the US., Methods: We analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (Year 1, N = 8333). Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify associations between MIND diet score and sociodemographic factors, including race/ethnicity, household income, parent education level, age, sex, and sexual minority status., Results: Compared to White adolescents, Latino adolescents showed the greatest adherence to the MIND diet. Boys had lower adherence to the MIND diet than girls. Lower household income was associated with lower adherence to the MIND diet. Older age was associated with lower adherence to the MIND diet. Sexual minorities had a lower adherence to the MIND diet when compared to their heterosexual counterparts., Discussion: Female sex, Latino ethnicity, Asian and Black race, high household income, heterosexual sexual orientation, and younger age were associated with higher adherence to the MIND diet. These sociodemographic differences can inform targeted screening and counseling for clinicians and public health organizations among diverse adolescent populations., Impact Statement: Sociodemographic disparities in diet quality have been documented, but none have explored adherence to the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension] Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet in early adolescence. In this demographically diverse sample of 9-12-year-old early adolescents in the U.S., we found notable and nuanced sociodemographic disparities in adherence to the MIND diet. Sociodemographic factors associated with higher adherence to the MIND diet included female sex, Latino ethnicity, high household income, heterosexual sexual orientation, and younger age., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Objective: To assess the association between transgender or gender-questioning identity and screen use (recreational screen time and problematic screen use) in a demographically diverse national sample of early adolescents in the U.S., Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from Year 3 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development SM Study (ABCD Study®, N = 9859, 2019-2021, mostly 12-13-years-old). Multiple linear regression analyses estimated the associations between transgender or questioning gender identity and screen time, as well as problematic use of video games, social media, and mobile phones, adjusting for confounders., Results: In a sample of 9859 adolescents (48.8% female, 47.6% racial/ethnic minority, 1.0% transgender, 1.1% gender-questioning), transgender adolescents reported 4.51 (95% CI 1.17-7.85) more hours of total daily recreational screen time including more time on television/movies, video games, texting, social media, and the internet, compared to cisgender adolescents. Gender-questioning adolescents reported 3.41 (95% CI 1.16-5.67) more hours of total daily recreational screen time compared to cisgender adolescents. Transgender identification and questioning one's gender identity was associated with higher problematic social media, video game, and mobile phone use, compared to cisgender identification., Conclusions: Transgender and gender-questioning adolescents spend a disproportionate amount of time engaging in screen-based activities and have more problematic use across social media, video game, and mobile phone platforms., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflict to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)