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On the contrary, one in three patients (33%) with grade 5 CKD required treatment discontinuation and HD initiation due to immune-related pneumonitis and colitis. Among all patients, three patients (43%) experienced grade 3 or more immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and required corticosteroid administration. Abbreviations CKD chronic kidney disease HD hemodialysis ICI immune checkpoint inhibitor irAE immune-related adverse events RCC renal cell carcinoma RRT renal replacement therapies Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is correlated with renal impairment. [Extracted from the article]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion We evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative infections after robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) according to the type and duration of prophylactic antibiotic administration.A total of 1038 patients underwent RARP at our institution from 2010 to 2021; 1026 patients (201 in the cefazolin [CEZ] group and 825 in the ampicillin/sulbactam [ABPC/SBT] group) were analyzed, and 12 who used other antibiotics were excluded. The primary endpoint was the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI), surgical site infection (SSI), and remote infection (RI). T‐tests, propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were performed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of type and duration of prophylactic antibiotic administration.The incidence of UTI was 2.5% (5/201) in the CEZ group and 3.2% (26/825) in the ABPC/SBT group, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.622). The rates of SSI and RI were comparable between groups (p = 0.680 and 0.906, respectively). Although the duration of antimicrobial therapy was longer in the ABPC/SBT group (p < 0.001), there was no significant difference in the incidence of UTI/SSI/RI after PSM and IPTW (all p > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that neither the type of antibiotic nor the duration of administration affected the incidence of UTI/SSI/RI.The risk of postoperative UTI/SSI/RI after RARP did not change with the type and duration of antimicrobial therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]