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We had an opportunity to treat a rare case of foreign body in the corpus cavernosum in a patient with cleft glans penis. The foreign body was a 13 cm wire, which was inserted by the patient himself for masturbation, and was removed surgically. To our knowledge, such a case has never been reported in the literature.

SCongenital hydronephrosis has been one of the important subjects for many years and its etiology and operative results have been reported from many institutions. We investigated on the results of twelve operations for congenital hydronephrosis chiefly by evaluating the intravenous pyelograms taken pre- and post-operatively. The results were classified into 4 grades, from excellent to poor, according to the degree of cali ectasis and delay in ureteral visualization. Good results were obtatined in 7 of 12 cases (58.3%). In order to evaluate the results of the operations, ureteral visualization as well as the pyelogram and intrapelvic pressure study through nephrostomy tube must be considered. Whenever there is a relief of pelviureteric obstruction with good urinary passage, prompt visualization of the ureter and the intrapelvic pressure not exceeding 15 cm H 2O were noted. At this time nephrostomy tube might be removed. Our principle of pyeloplasty is based 01; the urodynamic theory. If there is a sufficient mechanical stimulation of urinary stream on the upper portion of the ureter, its peristalsis would be active enough for urinary transport downwards. It is important how to achieve the good transport of urine from the renal pelvis into the ureter. Whichever technique IS employed, dismembered or non-dismembered pyeloplasty, excessive redundant pelvic wall has to be excised and wide funneling of the pelviureteric junction has to be aimed.

In 12 kidneys of 11 cases who received plastic surgeries for the upper urinary tract obstruction, the perfusion studies (pressure/flow test) were carried out pre- and postoperatively. The relationship between the radiological result and the upper urinary tract pressure at the pressure/flow test was found to be significant in evaluation of surgical result. When a pressure rise was greater than 20cm H2O at a perfusion rate of 5 or 10 ml/minute, obstruction was interpreted to be present. This method is very useful in a dynamic study of the upper urinary tract obstruction.

A case of milk of calcium renal stone was reported. The patient was 28-year-old male who was admitted with right flank pain and hematuria. Abdominal plain film showed an oval positive shadow at his right kidney region in supine position, but in standing and lateral position the shadow changed its form to a half-moon shape. Diagnosis of milk of calcium renal stone of cystic type was made. Excision of the cyst with lithotomy was performed and 12.5 ml yellowish fluid in the cyst were obtained. Then 703 tiny brown stones were removed. The main composition of the stones was calcium oxalate. There was a macroscopicial communication between cyst and calyx, and the inner surface of excised cyst consisted of transitional epithelium in histological examination. Thirty-one cases (our case and 30 cases collected from literatures in Japan) of milk of calcium renal stone were reviewed.

The results of operations for congenital hydronephrosis having dilated calices and thin renal parenchyma are generally poor, because of no effective emptying from the renal pelvis to the ureter. Nephroplasty in combination with standard pyeloplasty was performed for 2 cases with remarkable intrarenal dilatation. This procedure is done simply by denting the thin renal parenchyma into the renal pelvis and suturing the renal capsule with chromic cat-gut. It is an effective way for urodynamics to reduce intrarenal space and achieve good downward transport of urine.