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In the apparel manufacturing, the fabric is the single largest element in the cost of the garment. Therefore, effectual fabric consumption causes a reduction in cost and exertions. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of fabric width on the efficiency of marker (cutting) plans. Fabric consumption is in four types for human body shapes, that is, triangle, oval, square, and circle, in both genders to control the fabric utilization. Two clothing styles, fitted trousers and fitted shirts, are manufactured in an apparel manufacturing industry. The marker plans produced through Garment Gerber Technology software are accomplished in 36 different fabric widths (independent variables). The evaluation of dependent variables, that is, marker efficiency, marker loss, and fabric consumption efficiency relevant to four body shapes in variable fabric widths is analyzed for both women and men. The statistical analysis indicates that there is a linear relationship between marker efficiency and fabric width (sig

Fiber length is one of the most important factors affecting the drafting force and its variability. By analyzing the draftometer data, the interaction between the dynamic drafting force and its variability with respect to the short fiber content of carded cotton sliver is discussed. Two cotton slivers with similar physical properties, except for their short fiber content (i.e.8.8% and 5.3%) were tested. An increase in drafting force and a decrease in its coefficient of variance (CV%) was noticed for the sample with higher short fiber content. With back gauge increase (from 43mm to 51 mm), the drafting force decreased and its variability increased, irrespective of short fiber content. The inter-fiber cohesion generally decreased, with widened roller settings. It was shown that a broader distribution of fiber length in an assembly of fibers created, more contact points in the strand being aligned by the drafting process. The CV of drafting force increased as we moved from the smaller back ratch to a wider one, which also contributed to sliver irregularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage of natural dyes for coloration has attained attention in recent years due to their ecofriendly environment. Therefore, in this study, orange peel solvent extract is used as a natural dye for coloring Tencel fabric samples. Pre-mordanting and post-mordanting methods were accomplished with two different mordants, i.e. ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate. The dyeing shade effects were retrieved through colorfastness properties according to the ISO standardizations. The results revealed that the best color shade (K / S : 4.56) was achieved using mordant ferrous sulfate through the post-mordanting method. The effect of lightfastness on all dyed Tencel fabric samples was observed good (3–4) in both mordanting methods. However, mordant ferrous sulfate showed better lightfastness (4) than copper sulfate (3–3.5) through both mordanting methods. Comparatively, in the rubbing fastness, copper sulfate has superior results in both mordanting methods. The ferrous and copper sulfates in both mordanting methods have similar tests results (4.5) of washing fastness, acidic and alkaline perspiration. Furthermore, the FTIR test substantiated that not any structural change occurred through orange peel dyed Tencel fabric samples through both methods. TGA observed samples were relatively stable up to 300∘C temperature. Overall, the best results of colorfastness for Tencel fabric samples were obtained with ferrous sulfate mordant through the post-mordanting extraction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work, in-situ self-assembly approach was used the first time, to cultivate bacterial cellulose on the surface of fibers, extracted from banana peels. The characterization was performed using SEM, FTIR, and single fiber tensile test in order to determine the surface morphology and mechanical properties of modified fibers. As-prepared hybrid fibers exhibited comparatively better mechanical properties, which can be attributed to the self-assembly of bacterial cellulose on banana fibers' surface. Overall, this research work suggests a novel route for fiber extraction from banana peels and to use them for the preparation of bio nano-composites with improved mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the area of filament wrapped-staple core composite yarn production, there are potential challenges in achieving better cover and hairiness among other mechanical properties. In a bid to further improve the wrapped-core yarn production; multifilament web spreading and feeding approaches were studied in relation to yarn properties. Multifilament spreading apparatus designed and used for our previous research work was further improved in order to increase spread width, minimize damage to monofilaments and control the spreading evenness. Uniform and increased multifilament spread width can be achieved by an elliptical shaped micro-grooved roller, overcoming roller surface imperfections, minimizing spreading assembly oscillations, and consequently achieve superior filament wrapping around the staple core. Filament-staple feeding arrangement might positively influence the multifilament wrapping-ability. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study effects of spreading on the surface of monofilament and micro-grooved rollers as well as related influence on composite yarn properties. Two kinds of 48Tex (12 Ne) composite yarns made on the modified frame, were compared to similar yarn produced using conventional ring frame. Results revealed that composite yarns produced by the modified method possess improved cover-ability as well as other properties compared to both previously reported and the traditional spinning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium looping, a CO2 capture technique, may offer a mid-term if not near-term solution to mitigate climate change, triggered by the yet increasing anthropogenic CO2 emissions. A key requirement for the economic operation of calcium looping is the availability of highly effective CaO-based CO2 sorbents. Here we report a facile synthesis route that yields hollow, MgO-stabilized, CaO microspheres featuring highly porous multishelled morphologies. As a thermal stabilizer, MgO minimized the sintering-induced decay of the sorbents’ CO2 capacity and ensured a stable CO2 uptake over multiple operation cycles. Detailed electron microscopy-based analyses confirm a compositional homogeneity which is identified, together with the characteristics of its porous structure, as an essential feature to yield a highperformance sorbent. After 30 cycles of repeated CO2 capture and sorbent regeneration, the best performing material requires as little as 11 wt.% MgO for structural stabilization and exceeds the CO2 uptake of the limestone-derived reference material by ~500%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]