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Mangiferin is a bioactive substance present in high concentration in mangoes and also in some other fruits. Owing to its potential as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent against several types of cancer, this unique, significant, and well‐researched polyphenol has received a lot of attention recently. It possesses the ability to treat cancers, including rectal cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, leukemia, gastric cancer, liver cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and lung cancer. It can control/regulate multiple key signaling pathways, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspases/direct inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP)‐binding protein with low propidium iodide (pl) (Smac/DIABLO) nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein 3 kinase (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (TGF‐β/SMAD), c‐jun N‐terminal kinase/p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (JNK/p38‐MAPK), and phosphor‐I kappa B kinase (p‐IκB), which are crucial to the development of cancers. By triggering apoptotic signals and halting the advancement of the cell cycle, it can also prevent some cancer cell types from proliferating and developing. It has been revealed that mangiferin targets a variety of adhesion molecules, cytokines, pro‐inflammatory transcription factors, kinases, chemokines, growth factors, and cell‐cycle proteins. By means of preventing the onset, advancement, and metastasis of cancer, these targets may mediate the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of mangiferin. Mangiferin has confirmed potential benefits in lung, cervical, breast, brain, and prostate cancers as well as leukemia whether administered alone or in combination with recognized anticancer compounds. More clinical trials and research investigations are required to completely unleash the potential of mangiferin, which may lower the risk of cancer onset and act as a preventive and therapeutic alternative for a number of cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera, a widely recognized plant more commonly known as moringa, has obtained significant research interest in recent years due to its prospective physiological advantages, including its claimed ability to counteract carcinogenesis. The moringa plant has been found to possess bioactive components that exhibit promising anticancer activities against different human cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc. The cytotoxic properties of moringa seed extracts on cancerous cells have also been provided in this paper along with other notable health benefits. The extracts derived from moringa seeds inhibit cancer proliferation and promote cancer cell apoptosis through multiple signaling pathways. They also stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequently induced caspase‐3 activity. The impact of moringin and avenanthramide 2f on the stimulation of caspases 2, 4, 8, and 9 results in reduction in the proliferation of cancer cells. The results reported by research studies hold significant implications for identifying and targeting specific molecular entities that could serve as potential therapeutic targets in search of effective cancer treatments. Furthermore, the flavonoids in moringa seed can remove mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, protecting beta cells and bringing hyperglycemia under control. M. oleifera seed oil can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases via reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and modulation of cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the noteworthy discoveries derived from a rigorous investigation that explored into the impact of moringa seeds on the prevention/reduction of various cancers and other complex diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a sub-type of chronic pancreatitis. It has 2 further types; type I and II. Type I is associated with IgG4 disease. We describe a case of chronic pancreatitis that ultimately turned out to be IgG4 disease. A 45-year-old female with no co-morbidities presented on 18th November 2022 with epigastric pain, left hypochondrium pain, vomiting, and fever for 5 days. She had previously been admitted twice to the hospital with similar complaints and was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Examination revealed tenderness in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium; Laboratory investigations revealed serum Lipase 405 U/L, serum Amylase; 178 U/L, Lipid profile. cholesterol; 242 mg/dL triglycerides; 218 mg/dL HDL; 42 mg/dL LDL; 169 mg/dL. HbA1c; 9.53%. and IgG4 level; 1657mg/liter. CT abdomen with pancreatic protocol showed a cystic lesion in the body and tail of the pancreas suggestive of an infected pseudocyst or localized acute pancreatitis. The patient was diagnosed with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis and a multidisciplinary team (MDT) was taken on board for further management. The patient was not deemed appropriate for percutaneous or endoscopic drainage of the pseudocyst. She therefore underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. The biopsy showed features favoring mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas with no evidence of malignancy. On immunohistochemical stains, the reactivity pattern was positive for ER, inhibin, and CD 10 which highlighted the ovarian stroma and cytokeratin. The patient was discharged on 25th November 2022 on supportive treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The main goal of this research study was to analyze the profile and prevalence of type 2 diabetic patients admitted to the MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. METHODOLOGY: A hospital-based point prevalence cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out as a pilot project in November 2022 at MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria enrolled in the study, and a non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. RESULTS: A total of 850 patients were admitted during the study period; out of them, 24.7% had type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mean length of hospital stay was significantly high among T2DM patients (p <0.01). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences X2(2) = 94.67, p <0.01, in the mode of admission among the T2DM patients, with fewer cases shifted from other units compared to ER and OPD. The antidiabetic regimen prescribed during the hospitalization included an oral antidiabetic regimen (36.9%), oral plus twice-daily insulin regimen (19.63%), and basal-bolus insulin (15.07%). CCU and ophthalmology ward had the highest proportion of admissions of T2DM patients (40% each). Patients were admitted for various indications; 11.0% were admitted due to diabetic foot ulcer, 9.5% for elective surgery, 9.55% had acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and 9.0% had diabetic kidney disease. CONCLUSION: Patients admitted exhibited a high prevalence of T2DM. We highlighted some of the substantial characteristics of these patients attending various specialties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the frequency of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) with multi-drug resistance and sensitivity to oral Fosfomycin in urinary tract infections in a public sector hospital of Peshawar Pakistan. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a convenient consecutive sampling technique at the Department of Medicine Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. A total of 179 patients were recruited in the current study. Detailed history and examination were carried out followed by routine baseline investigations. Under rigorous aseptic settings, two clean midstream urine samples from patients exhibiting symptoms of a urinary tract infection were collected. These samples were then promptly transferred to the hospital laboratory for routine evaluation and E.Coli inoculation on culture media. Once E.Coli was detected, it was tested for antibiotic sensitivity and resistance against the antibiotics mentioned. The multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains were isolated and their sensitivity was checked against oral fosfomycin. All the variables of data were recorded in SPSS version 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be utilized to elaborate study findings. Results: The mean age in this study was 37 years with a standard deviation was ±11.27. Seventy-three (41%) patients were males and 106 (59%) patients were females. One hundred and eleven (62%) patients had multidrug-resistant E.Coli among which oral Fosfomycin was sensitive in 108(97%) patients and was resistant in 3(3%) patients presenting with urinary tract infection. Conclusion: The multidrug-resistant E. coli strains are common in our setup. However, oral fosfomycin has documented sensitivity against these MDR strains of E. coli in the majority of UTI cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the implementation of a coverage path planning algorithm for automated exploration of a known 2D world. The coverage path planning is the determination of set of goal points in the map, the robot must take in order to cover the entire environment. In this paper, segmentation based Boustrophedon Coverage algorithm is implemented and it is found that segmentation based implementation has certain advantages over classical implementation of Boustrophedon algorithm. The classical implementation is based on connectivity of a vertical sweeping line for determining obstacles in the environment. The Boustrophedon Decomposition is basically a generalization of the Trapezoidal Decomposition that allows non-polygonal obstacles as well. The Boustrophedon Decomposition generates far less cells as compared to Trapezoidal decomposition and hence improves the efficiency of coverage. The sensor based motion is embedded for safe navigation through unmapped obstacles. Application of coverage algorithms includes de-mining, vacuuming,sea-floor mapping, inspection, and space search. The platform used is Pioneer P3DX robot with a Hokuyo laser. The experimental setup is based on creation of a real world map and taking advantage of path planning algorithms provided by ARIA. Almost all the desired targets were successfully achieved and experiments are done on simulator and real robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]