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Objective: To assess the satisfaction level of final year medical students with urinary catheterization workshop and the factors affecting it. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Wah Medical College, Wah Cantonment. Period: October 15th, 2023 to January 15th, 2024. Methods: Satisfaction level and factors for its improvement were assessed by using a questionnaire after conducting a mandatory workshop on the skill of urinary catheterization. All the 90 final-year MBBS students present on the day of the workshop were included in the study using purposive sampling technique. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Fisher's exact test was applied to assess the association of gender with satisfaction level of students considering a p-value lesser than 0.05 as significant. For the open-ended questions, quantitative content analysis was performed. Results: The mean age of the students was 23.6+1.1 years. 82.2% of the participants had a very high satisfaction level with the workshop. Difference was observed when the satisfaction level of the students was assessed across gender (p-value=0.02). 45.6% of the students rated the workshop as good in all domains. The identified factors that can improve satisfaction with the workshop include the provision of refreshments, making smaller batches for teaching, providing feedback after skill performance and giving more time for practice. Conclusion: The majority of the students were highly satisfied with the workshop. Around half of the participants regarded the workshop as good in all domains but the students identified some factors for the improvement of satisfaction level with the workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High yielding crop varieties are the need of time as the population is accelerating with an exponential rate. Genetic variability can be exploited to screen improved crop varieties to address the scarcity of food. We investigated the agro-morphology in seven bread wheat genotypes collected from International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre Mexico (CIMMYT); Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (NIA) Tando Jam and Wheat and Research Institute (WRI) Sakrand. The experimental study was conducted at Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Sakrand Sindh, Pakistan. The agro-morphological study of wheat is important for the enhancement of yield production. Phenotypic correlation was calculated in all traits. Results indicated the number of grains per spike had positive and significant correlation to grain yield per spike. The days for maturity showed positive and significant correlation with plant height. The grain filling period indicated positive and non-significant correlation to days for maturity, spike length, grain yield per spike, plant height, number of grains per spike. Grain yield per spike had negatively non-significant correlation to harvest index. It is concluded from this study that most promising genotypes ESWYT-136, ESWYT-104, ESWYT-123, and SKD-1 were morphologically different from each other and are recommended for breeding programs and cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer is a genetic disease and mainly arises due to a number of reasons include activation of onco-genes, malfunction of tumor suppressor genes or mutagenesis due to external factors., Methods: This article was written from the data collected from PubMed, Nature, Science Direct, Springer and Elsevier groups of journals., Results: Oncogenes are deregulated form of normal proto-oncogenes required for cell division, differentiation and regulation. The conversion of proto-oncogene to oncogene is caused due to translocation, rearrangement of chromosomes or mutation in gene due to addition, deletion, duplication or viral infection. These oncogenes are targeted by drugs or RNAi system to prevent proliferation of cancerous cells. There have been developed different techniques of molecular biology used to diagnose and treat cancer, including retroviral therapy, silencing of oncogenes and mutations in tumor suppressor genes., Conclusion: Among all the techniques used, RNAi, zinc finger nucleases and CRISPR hold a brighter future towards creating a Cancer Free World., Competing Interests: Conflict of interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.