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Genus Karakumosa Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020 Type species. Karakumosa repetek Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020 Diagnosis. According to Logunov & Ponomarev (2020), Karakumosa is most similar to Zyuzicosa Logunov, 2010 in having a biramous synembolus, an embolus with a prolatero-apical origin, the tarsi of all legs covered by scopulae and spinules, and a similar ratio of posterior/anterior row of eyes. Karakumosa differs from Zyuzicosa by the median apophysis with an inner and an outer plate, a synembolus with 2 acutely pointed lamellae, venter of opisthosoma not black, longer epyginal atrium and absence of septal pedicle (Logunov & Ponomarev 2020). Comments. Karakumosa is a recently described genus with 10 species named to date (World Spider Catalog 2022). Members of this genus are large and fossorial spiders distributed in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan (Logunov & Ponomarev 2020; Logunov & Fomichev 2021). Moreover, the type locality of Karakumosa medica (Pocock, 1889) could either be in Iran or Afghanistan (Zamani et al. 2021).

Karakumosa shmatkoi Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020 Figs 45–57 Material examined. 1 ♂ (ZMFUM-LYC-0019), IRAN, Razavi Khorasan Province: Kalate Naderi, 36.99°N, 59.72°E, 1050 m a.s.l., Jul. 2017, M. Amiri leg. Diagnosis. The male of K. shmatkoi is very similar to those of K. tashkumyr (Logunov & Ponomarev 2020: figs 145–154) and K. gromovi Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020 (Logunov & Ponomarev 2020: figs 55–60, 64–68); but it can be distinguished from the former by a narrower inner plate of the median apophysis (Figs 50–51, 54, wider in K. tashkumyr) and by an acutely pointed and convergent synembolous lamellae (Fig. 53, both lamellae tips markedly bent basalwards in K. tashkumyr); and from the latter by having a serrated flange at the foot of the median apophysis (Fig. 56, absent in K. gromovi). For a female diagnosis, see Logunov & Ponomarev (2020: 295). Description. Male. Total length 18.3. Carapace 10.8 long, 8.25 wide. Prosoma. Carapace brown, densely covered with white setae, with a reddish-brown median band (Fig. 45); submarginal stripes yellowish-brown, wide and broken, marginal stripes black and narrower than sub-marginal stripes (Fig. 45). Sternum yellow, covered with short white setae and sparse long black setae (Fig. 46). Anterior half of the chelicerae yellow and covered with white setae, distal half brown and covered with light brown setae, and with black longitudinal stripes retrolaterally (Fig. 48). Clypeus light brown, covered with white and black setae (Fig. 48). Endites yellow, with brown spots retrolaterally, labium brown, both of them covered with black setae (Fig. 46). Eyes. Sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.3; AME 0.45; PLE 1.05; PME 1.05; ALE–AME 0.15; AME–AME 0.3; PME–PME 0.9. Opisthosoma. Dorsum black with white marks. Cardiac mark yellowish-white, with black dots. Venter yellow, covered with yellow setae. Spinnerets yellow, covered with white and black setae (Figs 45–46). Legs. Dorsal aspect: all coxae, trochanters, femora, patellae and tibiae light brown; metatarsi and tarsi I–II reddish-brown dorsally and black laterally, metatarsi and tarsi III–IV reddish-brown; all coxae, trochanters, femora and patellae covered with long and dense white setae and sparse short black setae; all tibiae and metatarsi and tarsi III–IV bear a fringe of sparse long black erect setae; metatarsi and tarsi I–II covered with dense short brown setae ventro-laterally and short white setae dorsally. Ventral aspect: all coxae, trochanters and femora yellow, covered with short and dense white setae and sparse long black setae; patellae yellow, each with a pair of grey parallel marks on proximal margins which are darker on legs I–II; tibiae I–II yellow proximally and grey distally (tibiae I darker); tibiae III–IV yellow; all tibiae and metatarsi and tarsi III–IV covered with dense short yellowish setae and long black protruded setae; metatarsi and tarsi I black, metatarsi and tarsi II dark brown and both covered with dense short light brown setae and sparse black protruded setae; metatarsi III–IV light brown (Fig. 47); tarsi of all legs with scopulae and spinules. Measurements and spination as in Tables 9–10. Palp. Palp as in Figs 50–56. Femora and patellae yellow and densely covered with short white setae. Tibiae yellow, ventral and lateral (especially prolateral) sides with dense fringe of long erect setae black proximally and white distally. Cymbium light brown, covered with short white setae and curly long light brown setae on its prolateral part. Median apophysis with fine and sharp lateral process; hook-shaped and acutely sharpened proximal extension and complemented with small tooth; median tooth of the median apophysis bifurcated consisting of a large, notched median claw complemented with small prolateral teeth and a prominent ventral flange (Figs 51, 54, 56); inner plate of the median apophysis narrow and prominent retrolaterally (Figs 50–51, 54). Conductor triangular, acutely pointed and bent at its tip. Synembolus with two convergent lamellae: apical lamellae apicalward-sloping straight, basal lamellae bent apicalward. Embolus gradually bent apicalward (Fig. 53). Female. See Logunov & Ponomarev (2020). Distribution. Russia (north-eastward of the Caucasus Major), eastern Azerbaijan, western Kazakhstan (Logunov & Ponomarev 2020), herein newly recorded from northeastern Iran (Fig. 57), which represents the southernmost limit of the species range.

Karakumosa sarvari sp. n. Figs 21–32, 57 Type. ♂ Holotype (ZMFUM-LYC-0017), IRAN, Razavi Khorasan Province: Torbat Jam County, Cheshmeh Morghal Elevations, 35.51°N, 60.79°E, 14. Sep. 2013, B. Jannesar leg. Etymology. The species name is a patronym honoring the distinguished Iranian maqami music master, Abdollah Sarvar-Ahmadi (1949-2012; Torbat Jam, Iran). Diagnosis. The male of K. sarvari sp. n. can be readily distinguished from those of all other Karakumosa species by the shape of the median tooth of the median apophysis, which is finger-shaped and notched at its tip, and by the presence of a serrated retrolateral edge of the median tooth (Figs 26–27, 30, 32). Description. Male (holotype). Total length 24.45. Carapace 14.4 long, 11.4 wide. Prosoma. Carapace brown. Median band anteriorly heart-shaped, yellowish-brown, densely covered with white setae. Lateral bands brown (Fig. 21). Sub-marginal stripes yellowish-brown, wide and broken, marginal stripes black and narrow (Fig. 21). Sternum reddish-yellow, covered with short white setae and scattered long black setae (Fig. 22). Chelicerae reddish-brown, black posteriorly, densely covered with white setae and sparsely with black setae (Fig. 23). Clypeus yellow, covered with dense white setae and sparse black setae (Fig. 23). Labium reddishbrown anteriorly and black posteriorly, endites reddish-brown, covered with black setae (Fig. 22). Eyes. Sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.4; AME 0.6; PLE 1.35; PME 1.35; ALE–AME 0.15; AME–AME 0.3; PME–PME 1.2. Opisthosoma. Dorsum yellow, with black marks and spots; cardiac mark yellow, with black edging. Venter yellow, covered with white setae. Spinnerets yellow, covered with white and black setae (Figs 21–22). Legs. Dorsal aspect: coxae and trochanters I–IV black; femora and tibiae reddish brown; all patellae grey, but patellae I–II darker; all tibiae reddish-brown; metatarsi and tarsi: I–II black, III–IV reddish-brown; coxae, trochanters, femora and patellae of all legs covered with long and dense white and sparse short black setae; tibiae of all legs and metatarsi and tarsi III–IV covered with dense white setae and a sparse fringe of long black protruded setae; metatarsi and tarsi I–II densely covered with short brown setae ventro-laterally and short white setae dorsally. Ventral aspect: coxae, trochanters and femora I–IV reddish-brown, covered with short and dense white and sparse long black setae; patellae grey, with a pair of black parallel marks at their proximal ends; tibiae I–II light brown proximally and dark brown distally; tibiae III–IV reddish-brown; tibiae of all legs and metatarsi and tarsi III–IV densely covered with short yellowish setae and long black protruded setae; metatarsi and tarsi I–II black, covered with dense short light brown setae and sparse black protruded setae, and with a longitudinal black stripe dorsally on metatarsi I; metatarsi III–IV reddish-brown (Fig. 25); tarsi of all legs with scopulae and spinules. Measurements and spination as in Tables 5–6. Palp. Palp as in Figs 26–32. Femora and patellae yellow, densely covered with short white setae. Tibiae yellow, with black distal spot; venter and lateral sides (especially prolateral) covered with a dense fringe of very long protruded setae proximally black and whitish tip. Cymbium brown, covered with short white setae and curly long light brown setae laterally. Median apophysis with narrow and sharpened lateral process; proximal extension of the median apophysis markedly hook-shaped, tip pointed; in ventral view: median tooth finger-shaped, tip notched, the retrolateral edge of median tooth serrated; in prolateral view: median tooth with a low serrate flange at its foot (Fig. 32); inner plate of the median apophysis large and prominent retrolaterally (Figs 27, 30). Conductor triangular, acutely pointed with a bent tip. Synembolus with 2 converging lamellae: apical lamella basalward-sloping straight, basal lamellae apicalward-sloping straight. Embolus apicalward-sloping straight (Figs 27, 29–30). Female: Unknown. Distribution. Known from the type locality only (Fig. 57).

Genus Lycosa Latreille, 1804 Type species. Aranea tarantula Rossi, 1790 Diagnosis. According to the identification key proposed by Logunov (2010), Lycosa differs from other large central Asian burrowing wolf spiders in the following characters: (1) hooked-shaped median apophysis; (2) singular synembolus; (3) epigyne comprising an anterior elevation (4) absence of epigynal depression, (5) distinct septal pedicle; (4) relatively complex spermathecae with long and S-shaped ducts. Comments. Spiders of the genus Lycosa are relatively large and fossorial. The genus includes 224 species distributed worldwide, with the highest species diversity in Asia and South America (World Spider Catalog 2022). Five species have been recorded from Iran, including two endemic species (L. aragogi Nadolny & Zamani, 2017 and L. macrophthalma Nadolny & Zamani, 2020), which were described from the females (World Spider Catalog 2022) and hence can be compared to the new species being described in the present paper based on the similarities in copulatory organs (see Lycosa soboutii sp. n.). Also, the new species is assigned to the genus Lycosa according to the similarities of habitus and epigyne: large spiders with septal pedicle, massive folds at vulva, not anchor-shaped septum and the absence of epigynal depression., Published as part of Shafaie, Sepideh, Nadolny, Anton A. & Mirshamsi, Omid, 2022, A new species of Lycosa and three new species and a new record of Karakumosa from Iran (Araneae, Lycosidae), pp. 501-522 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on page 502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6392776, {"references":["Logunov, D. V. (2010) On new central Asian genus and species of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) exhibiting a pronounced sexual size dimorphism. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 314 (3), 233 - 263.","World Spider Catalog (2022) World Spider Catalog. Version 23.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 21 February 2022) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2","Nadolny, A. A. & Zamani, A. (2017) A new species of burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosa) from Iran. Zootaxa, 4286 (4), 597 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zotaxa / 4286.4.13","Nadolny, A. A. & Zamani, A. (2020) A new species of wolf spiders of the genus Lycosa (Aranei: Lycosidae) from Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica, 29 (2), 205 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2020.29.2.205"]}

Karakumosa yahaghii sp. n. Figs 33–44, 57 Type. ♂ Holotype (ZMFUM-LYC-0018), IRAN, South Khorasan Province: Sarayan County, 33.53°N, 58.34°E, 1484 m a.s.l., Jul. 2018, M. Amini leg. Etymology. The species name is a patronym honoring the contemporary Iranian writer, literary critic, editor, translator and distinguished professor of literature at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mohammad-Jafar Yahaghi (b. 1947 in Ferdows, South Khorasan, Iran). He is known for his works on Iranian epic literature. Diagnosis. This species is most similar to K. tashkumyr Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020 by the shape of the inner plate of the median apophysis and presence of a low serrate flange at the foot of the median tooth. The male of K. yahaghii sp. n. can be distinguished by 1) the apical lamella of the synembolus being bent posteriorly and the basal lamella being gradually bent anteriorly (Figs 39, 41–42, both tips of the lamellae markedly bent basalwards in K. tashkumyr); 2) the conductor acutely pointed and bent at its tip (Figs 40, 43, obtuse in K. tashkumyr). Description. Male (holotype). Total length 20.85. Carapace 12 long, 9.45 wide. Prosoma. Carapace reddish-brown, densely covered with white setae, with anterior heart-shaped yellow median band just behind PLEs and fovea (Fig. 33); marginal stripes absent (Fig. 33). Sternum yellow, covered with short white and sparse long black setae (Fig. 34). Chelicerae almost yellow, with reddish-brown distal ends, covered with dense white and sparse black setae (Fig. 35). Clypeus yellow, covered with dense white and sparse black setae (Fig. 35). Endites brown anteriorly and yellow posteriorly, labium brown, covered with black setae (Fig. 34). Eyes. Sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.3; AME 0.6; PLE 1.05; PME 1.35; ALE–AME 0.3; AME–AME 0.3; PME–PME 1.2. Opisthosoma. Dorsum whitish-yellow with black marks and spots; cardiac mark whitish-yellow and bordered in black. Venter yellow, covered with white setae. Spinnerets yellow, covered with white setae anteriorly and black setae posteriorly (Figs 33–34). Legs. Dorsal aspect: all coxae and trochanters black; femora reddish-brown; patellae greyish anteriorly and yellow posteriorly; all tibiae yellow, with reddish stripes on posterior sides of tibiae III–IV; metatarsi and tarsi: I–II dark brown, III–IV light brown. Coxae, trochanters, femora and patellae of all legs covered densely with long white setae and sparsely with short black setae; all tibiae and metatarsi and tarsi III–IV densely covered with white setae, plus with a disperse fringe of long black protruded setae; metatarsi and tarsi I–II densely covered with short brown setae ventro-laterally and short white setae dorsally. Ventral aspect: coxae, trochanters and femora I–IV light brown, densely covered with short white setae and sparsely with long black setae; patellae light brown, with a pair of grey parallel marks on proximal margins which are darker on leg IV; tibiae I–II yellow proximally and black distally; tibiae III–IV yellow; all tibiae and metatarsi and tarsi III–IV densely covered with short yellowish setae and long black protruded setae; metatarsi and tarsi I–II black, covered with dense short light brown setae and sparse black protruded setae, two longitudinal black stripes dorsally on metatarsi I; metatarsi III–IV reddish-brown (Fig. 37); all tarsi with scopulae and spinules. Measurements and spination as in Tables 7–8. Palp. Palp as in Figs 38–44. Femora and patellae yellow and densely covered with short white setae. Tibiae yellow, with black rings distally, ventral and lateral sides (especially prolateral) with dense fringe of very long protruded black setae with white tips. Cymbium light brown, covered with short white setae and curly long light brown prolateral setae. Median apophysis with the lateral process rather wider than long and beak-shaped; the markedly hook-shaped proximal extension, sharpened at tip; median tooth markedly bifurcated, with small prolateral teeth comprising a prominent serrate ventral flange (Fig. 44); the inner plate of median apophysis large and transverseovoid, its retrolateral shoulder bent ventrad (Figs 38–40, 42–43). Synembolus and embolus needle-like. Conductor triangular, acutely pointed and bent at its tip. Synembolus with two convergent lamellae: apical lamellae bent basalward, basal lamellae gradually bent apicalward. Embolus apicalward-sloping straight (Fig. 41). Female: Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 57)., Published as part of Shafaie, Sepideh, Nadolny, Anton A. & Mirshamsi, Omid, 2022, A new species of Lycosa and three new species and a new record of Karakumosa from Iran (Araneae, Lycosidae), pp. 501-522 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on pages 512-515, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6392776, {"references":["Logunov, D. V. & Ponomarev, A. V. (2020) Karakumosa gen. nov., a new Central Asian genus of fossorial wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 127 (2), 275 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.35929 / RSZ. 0021"]}

Lycosa soboutii sp. n. Figs 1–7, 57 Types. ♀ Holotype (ZMFUM-LYC-0011) and 1 ♀ paratype (ZMFUM- LYC-0012), IRAN, Zanjan Province: Dandi City, 36.56°N, 47.59°E, 1631 m a.s.l., 20. Sep. 2014, A. Mahmoudi leg. Etymology. The species name is a patronym, honoring the contemporary Iranian theoretical physicist, Yousef Sobouti (b. 1932, in Zanjan, Iran). Diagnosis. The females of the new species resemble those of L. aragogi (Nadolny & Zamani 2017: figs 1– 2) and L. macrophthalma (Nadolny & Zamani 2020: figs 4, 7–11) in the shape of the epygine, but differ in the following characters: 1) pentagonal septum with 1.5 width/length ratio (vs. rectangular septum with 0.8 ratio in L. macrophthalma and conical septum with 0.7 ratio in L. aragogi); 2) a triangular prominence in the base of septum (Fig. 5, vs. absent in L. aragogi and L. macrophthalma); 3) pointy, ear-shaped hood edges (Fig. 5, vs. rounded in L. aragogi and L. macrophthalma); 4) stalk of spermatheca long, the head of the spermatheca reach the anterior side of the copulatory duct (Figs 6–7, vs. stalk comparably short, the head does not reach the beginning of duct in L. aragogi and L. macrophthalma). The three species also differ in spination (Table 1; see also Nadolny & Zamani 2017, 2020). Description. Female (holotype). Total length 19.95. Carapace 9.6 long, 6.6 wide. Prosoma. Carapace reddish-brown, with a wide median longitudinal band and three triangular spots of white and black setae (Fig. 1); marginal stripes yellow, wide and continuous with distinct reddish-brown spots; black around all eyes (Figs 3–4). Sternum uniformly black, covered with black setae. Chelicerae dark brown, proximally covered with long white setae, distally with black setae. Endites dark brown, pale apically. Clypeus yellow, covered with black setae. Labium dark brown, covered with black setae (Figs 2–3). Eyes. Sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.3; AME 0.3; PLE 1.2; PME 1.2; ALE–AME 0.2; AME–AME 0.2; PME– PME 1.05. Opisthosoma. Dorsum with several yellow spots, each spot with black dots dorsally. Cardiac mark yellow. Venter black, covered with black setae. Spinnerets long and yellow (Figs 1–2). Legs. Dorsal aspect: coxae and trochanters entirely black. Femora I–IV yellow, with two longitudinal, parallel grey stripes distally; patellae yellow, with grey triangular spots laterally, prolateral spots larger and darker; all tibiae yellow at the proximal halves and light brown at the distal halves, with grey triangular spots on marginal edges, spots on legs III–IV larger and darker. Metatarsi light brown, with a black ring distally; tarsi reddish-brown, with long setae on tarsi I and III. Ventral aspect: coxae, trochanters and patellae black. Femora entirely yellow; tibiae yellow, with grey proximal and distal rings, darker rings in tibiae III–IV. Metatarsi and tarsi light brown, with spinules; metatarsi and tarsi I–II with scopulae. Measurements and spination as in Tables 1–2. Palp. Palp as in Figs 1–2. Palps light brown, covered with white setae. Black setae covered tibiae laterally and tarsi posteriorly. Epigyne. Epigyne and vulva as in Figs 5–7. Septum 5 long, 4.5 wide. Septum slightly longer than wide. Septum crest-shaped, with a triangular prominence pointed proximad; posterior side of septum rounded; septal pedicle elongated to its posterior edge. One pair of hoods situated laterally; both hood edges (long) and shaped as pointed ears. Spermathecal head spherical, leading via stalk of spermatheca to small spermathecal base. Spermathecal head 3 times wider than spermathecal base; stalk of spermatheca horseshoe-shaped and convergent. Copulatory ducts look like a fisted hand, situated along spermathecal base. Male: Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 57)., Published as part of Shafaie, Sepideh, Nadolny, Anton A. & Mirshamsi, Omid, 2022, A new species of Lycosa and three new species and a new record of Karakumosa from Iran (Araneae, Lycosidae), pp. 501-522 in Zootaxa 5120 (4) on pages 502-505, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6392776, {"references":["Nadolny, A. A. & Zamani, A. (2017) A new species of burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosa) from Iran. Zootaxa, 4286 (4), 597 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zotaxa / 4286.4.13","Nadolny, A. A. & Zamani, A. (2020) A new species of wolf spiders of the genus Lycosa (Aranei: Lycosidae) from Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica, 29 (2), 205 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2020.29.2.205"]}

A large burrowing wolf spider,Lycosa macrophthalmasp. nov., is described from the holotype female from central Iran. The new species can be easily distinguished from all congeners by the presence of anterior epigynal hoods and a protrusion between their edges and the septum.Lycosa macrophthalmasp. nov.,L. aragogiNadolny et Zamani, 2017,L. piochardiSimon, 1876,L. praegrandisC.L. Koch, 1836, andL. tarantula(Linnaeus, 1758) have a similar conformation of the endogyne and represent diagnostic characters of the genusLycosaLatreille, 1804 sensu stricto.

New faunistic and taxonomic data are provided for 19 families of Iranian spiders.Stemonyphantes artaEsyunin et Zamani,sp. nov.(Linyphiidae) is described from a male and a female collected in the Zanjan Province. Five genera of the family Theridiidae (Pholcomma,Phoroncidia,Phycosoma,RhomphaeaandRugathodes) and 21 species are recorded from Iran for the first time, and 119 new province records are provided for 51 species. Additionally,Megarctosa bamianaRoewer, 1960 (Lycosidae) is transferred to the genusArctosaC.L. Koch, 1847. A mistake in the original description ofGnaphosa azerbaidzhanicaTuneva et Esyunin, 2003 (Gnaphosidae), namely a mismatch of the figures of this species with those ofG. tigrinaSimon, 1878, is discussed and corrected here. Considering the results presented in this paper, the total number of spiders recorded from Iran is raised to 888 species in 321genera.

Hippasa deserticolaSimon, 1889,stat. resurr., thought to be a synonym ofH. partita(O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) is revalidated and redescribed. Two names,Trochosa loeffleriRoewer, 1955,syn. nov., andH. afghanaRoewer, 1960,syn. nov., are synonymised withH. deserticola;H. cinereaSimon, 1898,syn. nov., is synonymised withH. partita. The distribution ofH. deserticolais mapped based on the published data and the specimens examined. The embolic division and the tegular apophysis in two species belonging to different species groups are illustrated for the first time as well as modification of cuticle on the tibiae. The taxonomic status ofH. partitais briefly discussed.

Trochosa adjacens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 Fig. 10C Trochosa adjacens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885: 83 (♀). Type: holotype ♀ in OUMNH, vial “## faded label, 1680”. Information in the text “Yangihissar, April 1874 ” (= China, Xinjiang). Note. This species was recognized among the “Yarkand spiders”, a collection lacking species or geographical labels, due to its size, “over 5 lines” (~ 10.5 mm), and pale coloration. In the description, O. Pickard-Cambridge (1885) compared this species with T. terricola Thorell, 1856 and T. ruricola, the generotype. Description. See O. Pickard-Cambridge (1885). Holotype faded. Measurements of the holotype ♀: total length 11.0; carapace 5.0 long, 4.0 wide; Leg I 11.7 (3.3, 1.9, 2.6, 2.3, 1.6). Comments. The shape of the epigyne indicates that this species belongs to Trochosa, unlike other species placed by O. Pickard-Cambridge (1885) in this genus. The relationship of T. adjacens with other congeners remains unclear. Most, if not all, females in the genus Trochosa cannot be distinguished from each other, especially singletons. To correctly classify this species, males are required from the type locality. Distribution. This species is known from the type locality only, Yangihissar Town in SW Xinjiang., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Nadolny, Anton A., 2020, On the identity of Trochosa hispanica (Araneae, Lycosidae), with notes on the synonymy of West Palaearctic " Trochosa " species, pp. 56-80 in Zootaxa 4859 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4412755, {"references":["Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1885) Araneidea. In: Scientific results of the second Yarkand mission; based upon the collections and notes of the late Ferdinand Stoliczka. Ph. D. Government of India, Calcutta, 115 pp.","Thorell, T. (1856) Recensio critica aranearum suecicarum quas descripserunt Clerckius, Linnaeus, de Geerus. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Series 3, 2 (1), 61 - 176."]}

Trochosa hispanica Simon, 1870 Figs 1–2, 3C, 4–9, 10 A–B, 11–12, 15 Trochosa hispanica Simon, 1870: 357 (♂ ♀). Trochosa ruricola rustica Thorell, 1875: 169 (♂ ♀, in part); Thaler et al. 2000: 1079 (S). Trochosa manicata Thorell, 1875: 170 (♂); Bonnet 1959: 4705 (S). Lycosa caliginosa Simon, 1876: 287 (♂ ♀); Bonnet 1959: 4705 (S). Lycosa manicata: Simon 1937: 1112, 1137, fig. 1744 (♂ ♀, figured ♀ only). Arctosa nava Roewer, 1955a: 761, figs 8–10 (♂ ♀). Syn. n. Geolycosa flavichelis Roewer, 1955a: 765, fig. 13 (♀). Syn. n. Loculla austrocaspia Roewer, 1955a: 769, fig. 20 (♀). Syn. n. Trochosa hispanica: Hänggi 1989: 168, figs 1a–b (♂ ♀); Thaler et al. 2000: 1079, figs 37–39, 41 (S); Hepner & Milasowszky 2006: 7, fig. 5.I1a (♀); Moscaliuc 2012: 12, figs 4–5 (♀); Lecigne 2016a: 27, figs 13D–G (♂ ♀); Otto & Japoshvili 2018: 382, figs 46–47 (♂). Trochosa nava: Mozaffarian & Marusik, 2001: 70 (Platnick [2002] and subsequent catalogs did not accept the transfer because the types were not examined). Trochosa austrocaspia: Mozaffarian & Marusik 2001: 70 (Platnick [2002] and subsequent catalogs did not accept the transfer because the types were not examined). Trochosa flavichelis: Mozaffarian & Marusik 2001: 70 (Platnick [2002] and subsequent catalogs did not accept the transfer because the types were not examined). Types: Trochosa rustica Thorell, 1875 (two males from Ukraine in different tubes, one female from Italy): lectotype ♂ designated here (NHRS) “240/ 1490g, Ekaterinoslaw” =Dnipro City, Ukraine (Fig. 10 A), examined; paralecto- type ♀ (NHRS) “239/1490f, Genazzano”, Italy (Fig. 10 B), examined. Paralectotype ♂ (NHRS) “240/1490h, Ekat- erinoslaw” belongs to T. terricola, examined. Arctosa nava Roewer, 1955 (Fig. 12 A–C): lectotype ♂ and paralectotypes 1♂ 1♀ designated here (SMF), “Arachn. Coll. Rwr. -Lfd. No.11439, No.701, Typ., Iran: Sabzawaran”, J. Hemsen leg., examined (one palp is missing, maybe in slide mount); paralectotypes 1♂ 1♀ (SMF), “Arachn. Coll. Rwr. -Lfd. No.11440, No.702, Paratyp., Iran: Chorramabad”, F. Starmühlner leg., examined. Geolycosa flavichelis Roewer, 1955 (Fig. 12 F–H): lectotype ♀ and paralectotypes 2♀ designated here (SMF), “Arachn. Coll. Rwr. -Lfd. No.11442, No.704, Typus, Lahidschan”, examined. In the text, 3 localities and 3 different collectors are mentioned (Roewer 1955a): 1♀, Lahidschan, Typus, F. Starmuhlner leg.; 1♀, Babol, Paratypoid, J. Hemsen leg.; 1♀, bei Tschalus (Kaspi-Kuste), Paratypoid, H. Loffler leg. Loculla austrocaspia Roewer, 1955 (Fig. 12 D–E): ♀ holotype (SMF) “Arachn. Coll. Rwr. -Lfd. No.11366, No.694, Holotyp., Kaspi-Küste,” H. Löffler leg., examined. Material examined: PORTUGAL: 4♂ 1♀ (CRB), Algarve, 02.2006, 05.2007 (R. Bosmans). SPAIN: 1♂ 1♀ (CRB), Cadize, Tarifa, 04.1991 (R. Bosmans); 1♂ 1♀ (CRB), Caceres, Monfrague, 3.04.1994 (R. Bosmans). FRANCE: 7♂ 5♀ (TNU), Villeneuve-les-Maguelone, salt marshes, 25.05– 10.06.2011 (J. Pages). GREECE: Corfu: 1♀ (MMUE G7572.9628), Agios, 2– 9.04.1983 (J. & F. Murphy); 1♂ (MMUE G7572.9662), Peroulades, 3.04.1983 (J. & F. Murphy); Halkidiki: 3♂ 2♀ (MMUE G7572.3787, G7572.3841, G7572.4884), reedbed, 13– 19.04.1978 (J. & F. Murphy); Crete: 1♂ (MMUE G7572.16293), Mallia, marsh, 9.04.1972 (J. & F. Murphy); 1♂ (MMUE G7572.6286), 12.04.1979 (J. & F. Murphy); 2♀ (MMUE G7572.8480), Georgioupolis, sand dunes, 15.04.1981 (J. & F. Murphy); 2♂ 1♀ (MMUE G7572.8441), Akrotiri, Kalathas pond, reedbed, 19.04.1981 (J. & F. Murphy); 3♂ 1♀ (MMUE G7557.260), edge of Kournas Lake, near Georgioupolis, on and under stones in dense shrubs, 28.05.1993 (J. & F. Murphy); 1♂ (MMUE G7557.259), Georgioupoli, 29.05.1993 (J. & F. Murphy); 1♀ (MMUE G7557.261), near Lefkogia, between stones by stream edge, 4– 5.06.1993 (J. & F. Murphy); 1♂ (MMUE G7557.269), 7.06.1993 (J. & F. Murphy). BULGARIA: 10♂ 2♀ (TNU), Zemen Gorge, Rhuzhdavitsa Vill., 6.07.1984 (G. Blagoev). TUR- KEY: 1♂ (ZMMU), Bursa Prov., Nilufer Distr., 44°07.466′N 28°42.105′E, 570 m, 2.06.2009 (unknown collector). AZERBAIJAN: Lenkoran: 7♂ 4♀ (ZMUT), Hyrcan Reserve, env. of Mamusta Vill., 38°38’N 48°47’E, lowland forest, 27.05.2003 (Y.M. Marusik); 1♀ (ZMMU), 25th km of Lenkoran-Lerik Hwy, 38°44.385’N 48°37.024’E, 254 m, tea plantation, 26.05.2003 (Y.M. Marusik); 1♂ 2♀ (ZMMU), Hyrcan Reserve, env. of Apo Vill., 38°38’N 48°47’E, 28.05.2003 (Y.M. Marusik); 2♂ (ZMMU), Hyrcan Reserve, 38°38.5’N 48°47.5’E, 23.05.2003 (Y.M. Marusik); 7♂ 1♀ (ZMMU), environs of Aurora Vill., 38°41’N 48°17’E, 36 m, 21– 29.05.2003 (Y.M. Marusik). Lerik: 1♀ (ZMMU), ca 3 km E of Divagatch Vill., 38°41.5’N 48°23’E, 1400m, meadow with stones along riv- er, 26.05.2003 (Y.M. Marusik). IRAN: Mazandaran Prov .: 2♂ 5♀ (ZMMU), Khorran-abad Vil. env., 50°48’E 36°43’N, 8– 10.06.2000 (Y.M. Marusik); 2♂ 3♀ (MMUE), N of Javaher-Deh Vil., 50.467°E 36.872°N, 9.06.2000 (Y.M. Marusik); 1♀ (MMUE), Javaher-Deh Vil., 50.467°E 36.867°N, 9.06.2000 (Y.M. Marusik); 3♀ (ZMMU), Nashtarood-Khoshkadaran, 51.033°E 36.750°N, 9– 10.06.2000 (Y.M. Marusik); Tehran Prov .: 4♂ 1♀ (ZMMU), NW of Tehran, Sardor area, 10km N of Karaj, 51°05’E 35°50’N, 13.06.2000 (Y.M. Marusik); 1♀ (MMUE), Tehran, Plant-Protection-Organization Pk, 51.414°E 35.673°N, 7– 22.06.2000 (Y.M. Marusik). CRIMEA: 1♂ 3♀ (MMUE), Sevastopol, Balaklava, Asketi Mt., 2019 (A.A. Nadolny); 132♂ 23♀ (MMUE & TNU), Yalta, Massandra park, 2000–2001 (M.M. Kovblyuk); 4♂ 2♀ (TNU), Yalta Distr., Martyan Cape Reserve, 2000–2001 (M.M. Kovblyuk); 2♀ (TNU) Alushta Distr., Alaka River bank, 2000 (G.A. Prokopov); 1♂ (TNU), Sudak Distr., Mezhdurech’e Vill., 2010 (M.K. Yusufova); 118♂ 68♀ (MMUE & TNU), Feodosiya Distr., Karadag Nature Reserve, 2003–2011 (M.M. Kovblyuk et al.); 2♂ (TNU), Lenino Distr., Kerch Peninsula, Kazantip Nature Reserve, 2015–2016 (M.M. Kovbly- uk et al.). Diagnosis. Males of T. hispanica can be easily distinguished from all congeners by: 1) the combination of a coiled embolus and a fang with a basal tooth (Figs 2I, 4 A–F, these characters never occur together in other species); 2) a unique coloration of leg I (see Fig. 3C), with a blackish patella, and tibia and proximal half of metatarsus black (vs. patella not black); 3) the dorsal stripe or spots of white setae on tibia I (Fig. 2 B–C, K) (present in some specimens, vs. white pubescence absent). Females of T. hispanica differ from congeners (except for T. cachetiensis and some aberrant specimens of T. ruricola) by having the epigynal hoods close together, often touching each other (Fig. 6). Females of T. cachetiensis, T. hispanica, and some T. ruricola are indistinguishable due to the considerable variation in the epigyne. Description. Male (Figs 1 A–B, 2, 3C, 4–5, 8–9, 10A, 11A, 12A–B). Length of carapace 3.5–4.6. General pattern as in other species (Fig. 1 A–B). Fang with basal tooth (Fig. 2I). Leg I with characteristic pattern (Fig. 2 E–H): patella, tibia and proximal part of metatarsus black; femur and distal part of metatarsus and tarsus light yellow. Tibia I often with white dorsal setae (Figs 2K; 8C, F, I) forming 3 types of dorsal pattern: 1) longitudinal white stripe (Figs 2 B–C, K; 8A), 2) series of white spots (Thaler et al., 2000: fig. 37) or 3) uniformly dark with several distal white, nearly indistinct setae (Figs 1A; 2A, D, J; 8B, E, H). Microstructure of white setae similar to that of black setae, but the white setae are slightly bent and have longer barbs (Figs 9E, F). Specimens studied with SEM microscope have different density of fine setae on the tibia I: specimen with a white pubescence has 40–45 setae per 0.04 mm 2, specimens without a white pubescence—25–35 setae per 0.04 mm 2. Tibia I with a row of elongate, glabrous cuticular spots (Cs) (Fig. 9 A–C, G), undocumented in other lycosids. Palp (Figs 4–5, 10A, 12A): cymbium with one claw; tip of embolus coiled, forming one loop. Female (Figs 1 C–D, 6–7, 10B, 11B, 12C–H). Length of carapace 4.1–6.2. Epigynal hoods (Eh) located near each other and touching each other in most specimens. Shape of hoods variable (Figs 6–7). In almost all specimens, the hoods are filled with a substance that resembles a mating plug (Fig. 7 D–G). It seems that the hoods together have a furrow along the lateral edge of the fovea (Ff) (Figs 6–7) that serves as guide for one of the bulbal apophyses. Receptacles globular, 1.5 times wider than stalks, receptacle supplied with gland. Position of receptacles and angle of inclination toward the epigynal plate variable, and the angle of inclination can differ between the right and left receptacle of the same specimen. Note. Mating plugs are reported for some other lycosids (see Uhl et al. 2010), but the specific type of plug was not mentioned. Mating plugs have been documented in detail for Wadicosa oncka (Lawrence, 1927) (Kronestedt 1987) and Alopecosa psammophila Buchar, 2001 (Szinetár et al. 2005). In both cases, the plug occupies the entire fovea (atrium). However, in T. hispanica it blocks the pathway for one of the bulbal apophyses (furrow, Figs 6–7) and looks like a dark stripe (Fig. 7D, G). Variation. Examination of T. hispanica collected from localities found throughout the entire range reveals variation in several characters, as listed below. 1) We have found out that one of the most distinctive characters allowing the identification of this species, a white pubescence on males’ tibia I, can be present or absent in specimens collected in different localities (Fig. 2 A–B) and collected together from the same locality (Figs 2 C–D, J–K; 8A–D). Distant populations have different proportions of males with this character—ranging from 0 to 100 % (Fig. 15A). In specimens from the Mediterranean, the white pubescence was only found in a few males: in single males from Corfu and France. The white pubescence is found in a few males from Iran, including the syntypes of Arctosa nava (Fig. 12B), and it is found in all males examined from Azerbaijan. Occasionally, there are spots of white setae on the tibia of males from the Caucasus and Greece (Thaler et al. 2000: fig. 37; present data). All specimens studied from the Crimea, Crete, Halkidiki, Turkey, and Bulgaria lack the white pubescence. Close examination of numerous males (Fig. 15A) from the Crimea and males from the Mediterranean and Iran that lack the white pubescence revealed that there are about 10 white setae on the distalmost part of the tibia, although they are difficult to see (Fig. 8). 2) The male palp is very similar within and between distant populations (Figs 4–5); however, specimens from Iran have a smaller bulb and shorter cymbium tip. 3) The epigyne displays high variation, even among specimens collected from the same locality simultaneously: the edges of the hoods can be rounded (Fig. 6 A–G), straight (Fig. 6H) or bent toward the septum (Fig. 6I). The shape of the hoods also varies (Fig. 7). 4) The size of males and females within and between populations is highly variable, but there is overlap. In general, specimens from southern and southwestern populations are smaller than those from Crimea. The exception is specimens from Crete, which are larger than Crimean specimens (Fig. 11). Biology. In the Crimea, T. hispanica occurs from sea level up to 300 m and inhabits shrublands on the Southern Coast and Kerch Peninsula (Fig. 15B). Adult males and females occur from March to October with peak activity in May. Females with cocoons (Fig. 1D) were observed from July to September. In the Crimea, T. hispanica is abun dant on the Southern Coast of Crimea (with a dynamic density of up to 5 adults in 100 pitfall-traps per day), but T. robusta (Simon, 1876) and T. ruricola are rare in the south (up to 0.1 adults in 100 pitfall-traps per day) and are common in the mountains, semi-desert and true steppes. Distribution. The known range of T. hispanica stretches from the Iberian Peninsula to Tajikistan (World Spi- der Catalog 2020), north to the Dnipropetrovsk Area in Ukraine (present data), and south to Algeria and Morocco (Nentwig et al. 2020). The actual distribution proven by the material is smaller, from the Iberian Peninsula to Mazandaran Province, Iran (Fig. 15). A record of a single female from northern Tajikistan (Charitonov 1951, sub T. rustica Thorell, 1875) most likely refers to another species because identification of females cannot be made with certainty, especially in a time when this species was not illustrated. This specimen was meant to be deposited in Perm University collections but could not be located (Esyunin, pers. comm.). In addition, all Trochosa specimens we examined from Central Asia belong to T. ruricola, a species known from all over Central Asia (Mikhailov 2013). It is likely that southeasternmost record of T. hispanica (Fig. 15C) in Iran is based on mislabeling. There are no recent records of this species in the continental part of Ukraine. The single record refers to specimen collected in 19 th century (Fig. 15B). In order to allow for easier identification of Trochosa species occurring in the West Palaearctic, a key for the males is provided., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Nadolny, Anton A., 2020, On the identity of Trochosa hispanica (Araneae, Lycosidae), with notes on the synonymy of West Palaearctic " Trochosa " species, pp. 56-80 in Zootaxa 4859 (1) on pages 58-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4412755, {"references":["Simon, E. (1870) Araneides noveaux ou peu connus du midi de l'Europe. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, Series 2, 3, 271 - 358. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 124164","Thorell, T. (1875) Descriptions of several European and North African spiders. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 13 (5), 1 - 204.","Thaler, K., Buchar, J. & Knoflach, B. (2000) Notes on wolf spiders from Greece (Araneae, Lycosidae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 32, 1071 - 1091.","Bonnet, P. (1959) Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II. Systematique des araignees (Etude par ordre alphabetique) (5 me partie: T-Z). Douladoure, Toulouse, pp. 4231 - 5058.","Simon, E. (1876) Les arachnides de France. Tome Troisieme. Roret, Paris, 364 pp.","Simon, E. (1937) s. n. In: Les arachnides de France. Synopsis generale et catalogue des especes francaises de l'ordre des Ara- neae. Tome VI. 5 e et derniere partie. Roret Paris, pp. 979 - 1298.","Roewer, C. F. (1955 a) Die Araneen der Osterreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949 / 50. Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Series I, 164, 751 - 782.","Hanggi, A. (1989) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Spinnenfauna des Kantons Tessin II-Bemerkenswerte Spinnenfunde aus Magerwiesen der Montanstufe. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 62, 167 - 174.","Hepner, M. & Milasowszky, N. (2006) Morphological separation of the central European Trochosa females (Araneae, Lycosidae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen, 31, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.5431 / aramit 3101","Moscaliuc, L. A. (2012) New faunistic records of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Dobruja (Romania and Bulgaria). Travaux du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle \" Grigore Antipa \", 55, 9 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10191 - 012 - 0001 - 2","Lecigne, S. (2016 a) Atlas preliminaire des araignees Araneae du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais. Le Heron, 48, 1 - 236.","Otto, S. & Japoshvili, G. (2018) The spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Lagodekhi Reserve, Georgia: faunistic results of a transect study and an updated checklist. Arachnology, 17 (8), 375 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2017.17.8.375","Mozaffarian, F. & Marusik, Y. M. (2001) A checklist of Iranian spiders (Aranei). Arthropoda Selecta, 10, 67 - 74.","Platnick, N. I. (2002) The world spider catalog. Version 3.5. American Museum of Natural History. Online at https: // wsc. nmbe. ch / resources / archive / catalog _ 3.5 / index. html (accessed 1 August 2020)","Uhl, G., Nessler, S. H. & Schneider, J. M. (2010) Securing paternity in spiders? A review on occurrence and effects of mating plugs and male genital mutilation. Genetica, 138, 75 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10709 - 009 - 9388 - 5","Lawrence, R. F. (1927) Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of South-West Africa V. Arachnida. Annals of the South African Museum, 25 (1), 1 - 75.","Kronestedt, T. (1987) On some African and Oriental wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae): redescription of Pardosa oncka Lawrence from Africa, with notes on its generic position. Journal of Natural History, 21, 967 - 976. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938700770581","Buchar, J. (2001) Two new species of the genus Alopecosa (Araneae: Lycosidae) from south-eastern Europe. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 45, 257 - 266.","Szinetar, C., Eichardt, J. & Horvath, R. (2005) Data on the biology of Alopecosa psammophila Buchar 2001 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 33, 384 - 389. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / 05 - 1.1","World Spider Catalog (2020) World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 1 August 2020) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2","Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Bosmans, R., Gloor, D., Hanggi, A. & Kropf, C. (2020) Araneae: Spiders of Europe. Version 03.2020. Available from: https: // www. araneae. nmbe. ch (accessed 17 April 2020) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 1","Charitonov, D. E. (1951) Pauki i senokostsy. In: Ushchelye Kondara, Moscow, 1951, pp. 209 - 216. [in Russian]","Mikhailov, K. G. (2013) The spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Russia and adjacent countries: a non-annotated checklist. Arthropoda Selecta, Supplement 3, 1 - 262."]}

Pardosa persica (Roewer, 1955) comb. n. Fig. 13 A–C Dingosa persica Roewer, 1955a: 762, fig. 11 (♀). Trochosa persica: Mozaffarian & Marusik 2001: 70; Framenau & Baehr 2007: 1626. Type: holotype ♀ (SMF), “Arachn. Coll. Rwr. -Lfd. No.10467, No.469, Typ., Iran: Lahidschan”, F. Starmuhlner leg., examined. Other material examined: IRAN: 2♀ (ZMUT), Khuzestan, #2251, Abadam-B-Emam, 12 KE Abadam Rd., 29.03.1999 (K. Elmi); 1♀ (ZMUT), #475, collecting locality and collector unknown. Comment. This species was transferred from Dingosa Roewer, 1955, a genus known from Australia, to Trochosa (Mozaffarian & Marusik, 2001) because the epigyne drawn by Roewer (1955a: fig. 11) corresponds well to Trochosa. Examination of the type revealed that the epigyne was inaccurately drawn (cf. Figs. 13B and 13C) and that the holotype female has a pattern typical to Pardosa s.l. Judging from the epigyne, it may belong to the Pardosa nebulosa -group. This group was once considered a separate genus, Acroniops Simon, 1898, currently a junior synonym of Pardosa C.L. Koch, 1847. The new combination provided for Roewer’s species led to secondary homonymy with Pardosa persica Marusik, Ballarin & Omelko, 2012, the species belonging to the Pardosa monticola - group that was also once considered a separate genus, Pardosops Roewer, 1955. In any case, we herein replace the secondary junior homonym with P. persiana nom. n. (pro Pardosa persica Marusik, Ballarin & Omelko, 2012).

Arctosa annulipes (L. Koch, 1875) comb. n. Fig. 17 A–D Trochosa annulipes L. Koch, 1875: 77, pl. 7, fig. 4 (♀); World Spider Catalog 2020. Tarentula annulipes: Strand 1908: 319. Arctosa annulipes: Caporiacco 1941: 44; Denis 1966: 128, fig. 45 (♀). Trochosomma annulipes: Roewer 1955b: 304; Roewer 1960a: 852, fig. 473a–b (♀). Comments. This species was described based on a female from Cairo (Egypt). Its length is reported as 7 mm (3.5 mm carapace and 3.5 mm abdomen). The habitus figures in L. Koch (1875) and Roewer (1960a) show a uniformly colored carapace lacking the pair of parallel stripes within the median light band, which is present in all Trochosa species occurring in Europe. The figures of the epigyne provided by Roewer (1960a) and Denis (1966) are very different. Denis (1966) mentioned that Roewer’s figures are too schematic and poorly reflect the actual shape of certain structures. We faced the same problems studying the types of Roewer’s species described from Iran, the figures of the epigyne provided by Roewer are rather different from studied types (for instance, Figs 12 C–C’, E–E’, F–F’). Judging from the carapace pattern and figures of the epigyne given by Denis (1966), this species belongs to Arctosa; therefore, we transfer this species from Trochosa to Arctosa. Trochosa annulipes L. Koch, 1875 is the type species of Trochosomma Roewer, 1960 syn. n. which is currently considered a synonym of Trochosa (World Spider Catalog 2020) but should be considered a synonym of Arctosa C.L. Koch, 1847.

Alopecosa werneri (Roewer, 1960) comb. n. Fig. 16E Trochosina werneri Roewer, 1960a: 907, figs 503a–b (♂). Trochosa werneri: World Spider Catalog 2020. Comments. This species was described based on the holotype male from Biskra (Algeria). Its size reported as 12 mm (6 mm carapace and 6 mm abdomen) in length. Roewer (1960a) provided figures of the habitus and tegular apophysis together with the tip of the embolus and the conductor. In his figure, the habitus lacks parallel stripes on a median band characteristic to all other Trochosa occurring in Palaearctic., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Nadolny, Anton A., 2020, On the identity of Trochosa hispanica (Araneae, Lycosidae), with notes on the synonymy of West Palaearctic " Trochosa " species, pp. 56-80 in Zootaxa 4859 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4412755, {"references":["Roewer, C. F. (1960 a) Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae) (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte, 55, 519 - 1040.","World Spider Catalog (2020) World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 1 August 2020) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2"]}

Trochosa ruricola (De Geer, 1778) Fig. 3B Lycosa (Trochosa) ochracea L. Koch, 1856: 407 (♀). Syn. n. Trochosa ochracea: Bonnet 1959: 4705. Trochosa ruricola: Paquin & Dupérré 2003: 171, figs 1923–1925 (♂ ♀); Almquist 2005: 247, figs 242a–f (♂ ♀). For the complete list of references see World Spider Catalog (2020). Material examined (from Central Asia only): TURKMENISTAN: 1♀ (ZMMU), Pamiro-Alai mountain system, W slope of Kugitang-Tau Mt. Ridge, 1200 m, Khodzhaifil Vill., 9.05.1984 (A. V. Tanasevitch). UZBEKISTAN: 3♂ 4♀ (ZMMU), Pamiro-Alai mountain system, E slope of Kugitang-Tau Mt. Ridge, Kampyrtepa (=Kampyr- Tepe) Vill., 1600–1800 m, 19– 21.05.1984 (A. V. Tanasevitch). KYRGYZSTAN: 1♂ (ZMMU), Bishkek, 28.10.1994 (S. V. Ovchinnikov); 1♂ (ZMMU), inner Tien-Shang, Kokirim Mt. Ridge, Kaindy, 3.07.1995 (S. V. Ovchinnikov); 1♂ (ZMMU), Ferghana Mt. Ridge, env. of Arslanbob Vill., 19.05.1983 (unknown collector). TAJIKISTAN: 1♀ (ZMMU), Khatlon Area, env. of Pyandzh Town, clay cliff, 37°12.735’N 69°11.551’E, 387 m, 5.05.2015 (Y.M. Marusik); 1♀ (ZMMU), env. of Dushanbe, Hissar Mt. Ridge, 38 th km of Varzob Hwy, Takob Gorge, env. of Degmalik Vill., 38°50.829’N 68°54.637’E, 805 m, 8.05.2015 (Y.M. Marusik). Comments. The type of Trochosa ochracea cannot be located at the Wien Museum (Christoph Hörweg, pers. comm.). It is not possible to determine the species to which it may belong based on the female. Currently, three species are known from Spain— T. hispanica, T. robusta, and T. ruricola. We synonymize T. ochracea with the oldest species of Trochosa to prevent further nomenclatorial changes or discussion to suppress the older name T. ochracea in order to keep either T. hispanica or T. robusta., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Nadolny, Anton A., 2020, On the identity of Trochosa hispanica (Araneae, Lycosidae), with notes on the synonymy of West Palaearctic " Trochosa " species, pp. 56-80 in Zootaxa 4859 (1) on pages 73-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4412755, {"references":["De Geer, C. (1778) Des araignees. In: Memoires pour servir a l'histoire des insectes. Tome septieme. Pierre Hesselberg, Stockholm, pp. 176 - 324, pls. 11 - 19 + 38 - 39.","Koch, L. (1856) Arachnoidea. In: Rosenhauer, W. G. (Ed.), Die Thiere Andalusiens nach dem Resultate einer Reise zusammengestellt nebst den Beschreibungen von 249 neuen oder bis jetzt noch unbeschriebenen Gattungen und Arten. T. Blaesing, Erlangen, pp. 406 - 413.","Bonnet, P. (1959) Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II. Systematique des araignees (Etude par ordre alphabetique) (5 me partie: T-Z). Douladoure, Toulouse, pp. 4231 - 5058.","Paquin, P. & Duperre, N. (2003) Guide d'identification des araignees de Quebec. Fabreries, Supplement 11, 1 - 251.","Almquist, S. (2005) Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Systematics & Evolution, 62, 1 - 284.","World Spider Catalog (2020) World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 1 August 2020) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2","Roewer, C. F. (1955 a) Die Araneen der Osterreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949 / 50. Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Series I, 164, 751 - 782."]}

Trochosa hungarica Herman, 1879 Trochosa hungarica Herman, 1879: 279, 380, pl. 8, fig. 184 (♂ ♀). Comments. This species has a single taxonomic entry although the description is accompanied by relatively good figures. The types of this species were not found (Csaba Szinetár, pers. comm.). Judging from the epigyne figure and the large size (female 21 mm and male 14 mm), this species could belong to Geolycosa and may be a junior synonym of G. vultuosa (C.L. Koch, 1838)., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Nadolny, Anton A., 2020, On the identity of Trochosa hispanica (Araneae, Lycosidae), with notes on the synonymy of West Palaearctic " Trochosa " species, pp. 56-80 in Zootaxa 4859 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4412755, {"references":["Herman, O. (1879) Magyarorszag pok-faunaja. Kiadja a Kiralyi magyar termaszettudomanyi tarsulat, Budapest, 394 pp.","Koch, C. L. (1838) s. n. In: Die Arachniden. Vierter Band & Funfter Band. C. H. Zeh'sche Buchhandlung, Nurnberg, pp. 109 - 144, pls. 139 - 144 (f. 319 - 339) & pp. 1 - 124, pls. 145 - 174 (f. 340 - 417)."]}

Arctosa tangerana (Roewer, 1960) comb. n. Fig. 17 F–G Trochosina tangerana Roewer, 1960a: 909, figs 504a–b (♀). Trochosa tangerana: World Spider Catalog 2020. Comments. This species, 11 mm long, was described based on the holotype female from Tangier (Morocco) (Roew- er 1960a). Habitus and epigyne figures are present with the description. The carapace is uniformly coloured (a character unknown in Trochosa), lacking a pair of longitudinal stripes (present in all Trochosa) and the epigyne has a large fovea and lacks the distinct, deep anterior hoods characteristic of Trochosa. The shape of the epigyne is similar to that of Arctosa villica (Lucas, 1846) as illustrated in Nentwig et al. (2020) and Oger (2020), and A. villica is known from Morocco. Given the patternless carapace, the shape of the epigyne and the occurrence in Morocco, it is most likely that the two species names could be synonymous. Because of the similarity of Arctosa villica and Trochosa tangerana, we transfer the latter species to Arctosa., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Nadolny, Anton A., 2020, On the identity of Trochosa hispanica (Araneae, Lycosidae), with notes on the synonymy of West Palaearctic " Trochosa " species, pp. 56-80 in Zootaxa 4859 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4412755, {"references":["Roewer, C. F. (1960 a) Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae) (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte, 55, 519 - 1040.","World Spider Catalog (2020) World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 1 August 2020) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2","Lucas, H. (1846) Histoire naturelle des animaux articules. In: Exploration scientifique de l'Algerie pendant les annees 1840, 1841, 1842 publiee par ordre du Gouvernement et avec le concours d'une commission academique. Sciences physiques, Paris, Zoologie, 1, pp. 89 - 271.","Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Bosmans, R., Gloor, D., Hanggi, A. & Kropf, C. (2020) Araneae: Spiders of Europe. Version 03.2020. Available from: https: // www. araneae. nmbe. ch (accessed 17 April 2020) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 1","Oger, P. (2020) Les araignees de Belgique et de France. Available from: https: // arachno. piwigo. com / index? / category / 1002 - arctosa _ villica (accessed 17 April 2020)"]}

Arctosa tbilisiensis Mcheidze, 1946 Fig. 13 D–G Arctosa tbilisiensis Mcheidze, 1946: 285, figs 1–3 (♂ ♀); Alderweireldt 2002: 183, figs 1–5 (♂ ♀); Kunt et al. 2012: 640, figs 4a–d (♂ ♀). Trochosa impercussa Roewer, 1955a: 770, fig. 21 (♀). Syn. n. Trochosula afghana Roewer, 1960b: 29, figs 22a–b (♀). Syn. n. For the complete list of references see World Spider Catalog (2020). Types. Trochosa impercussa Roewer, 1955 (Fig. 13 D–F): ♀ holotype (SMF), “Arachn. Coll. Rwr. -Lfd. No.10475, No.477, Typ. Iran: Sabzawaran”, H. Löffler leg., examined. Trochosula afghana Roewer, 1960 (Fig. 13G): ♀ holotype from “Tang-Djangal Baz” or “Kharzar (Hézaradjat)” [= 34°20’N 67°47’E], not examined, lost (Maria Mostadius, University of Lund, pers. comm.). Other material examined. IRAN: 5♂ 5♀ 2j (ZMMU), Mazandaran Prov ., Nashtarood-Khoshkadaran, 51.033°E 36.750°N, 9– 10.06.2000 (Y.M. Marusik); Tehran Prov. , 5♂ 5♀ 1juv. (ZMMU), Tehran, Plant-Protec- tion-Organization Pk, 51.414°E 35.673°N, 7– 22.06.2000 (Y.M. Marusik); 1♂ 4♀ (ZMMU), east of Tehran, Ab- Ali area, 35°46’N 51°57’E, 2.06.2000 (Y.M. Marusik); Fars Prov. : 1♂ 1♀ (ZMMU), ca. 50 km NNE of Shi- raz, Bamoo Reserve, 29°45’N 52°45’E, 18– 28.05.2000 (Y.M. Marusik); 2♂ 2♀ (ZMMU), Haft-barm, 29°45’N, 52°15’E, 24.05.2000, (Y.M. Marusik). AZERBAIJAN: 2♂ 1♀ (ZMMU), Baku City, Ganly-Gyol Lake, 40°21.46’N 49°48.36’E, 20.05. & 6.06.2003 (Y.M. Marusik); 1♂ 1♀ (ZMMU), Nakhchivan, ca. 3 km E of Akhura Village, 39°34’N, 45°11’E, 1400 m, 2.06.2003 (Y.M. Marusik). Comments. Trochosa impercussa was described based on the holotype female from Sabzawaran City (=Jiroft, 28°40’13.080”N 57°44’12.840”E). The holotype studied exhibited no differences from Arctosa tbilisiensis, a species known from Greece to Azerbaijan and south to Iran. This species is thoroughly described by Alderweireldt (2002). The record from Jiroft (Iran) is the southeasternmost in the range. Written description, illustration of habitus and epigyne illustrations of Trochosula afghana Roewer, 1960 fit well with those in A. tbilisiensis, and therefore the two names are to be synonymized with A. tbilisiensis., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Nadolny, Anton A., 2020, On the identity of Trochosa hispanica (Araneae, Lycosidae), with notes on the synonymy of West Palaearctic " Trochosa " species, pp. 56-80 in Zootaxa 4859 (1) on pages 71-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4412755, {"references":["Mcheidze, T. (1946) Novyye vidy paukov v Gruzii. Bulletin du Museum de Georgie, 13 (A), 285 - 302.","Alderweireldt, M. (2002) Redescription of Arctosa tbilisiensis Mcheidze, 1947, a poorly known Pontocaspian wolf spider (Araneae, Lycosidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 183 - 184.","Kunt, K. B., Kaya, R. S., Ozkutuk, R. S., Danitman, T., Yadmur, E. A. & Elverici, M. (2012) Additional notes on the spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 36 (5), 637 - 651.","Roewer, C. F. (1955 a) Die Araneen der Osterreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949 / 50. Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Series I, 164, 751 - 782.","Roewer, C. F. (1960 b) Lycosidae aus Afghanistan (Araneae). Acta Universitatis Lundensis, Neue Folge, Series 2, 56 (17), 1 - 34.","World Spider Catalog (2020) World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 1 August 2020) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2"]}

Trochosa C.L. Koch, 1847 Trochosa C.L. Koch, 1847: 95; Engelhardt 1964: 224; Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu 1971: 221; Dondale & Redner 1990: 22; Zyuzin 1990: 422; Almquist 2005: 246; Tanaka 1988: 94. Type species: Aranea lupus ruricola De Geer, 1778. Diagnosis. Trochosa resembles Pirata Sundevall, 1833 and the related genera Piratula Roewer, 1960 and Trebacosa Dondale & Redner, 1981 by the carapace pattern: a pair of longitudinal stripes in the anterior part of a light median band. However, the genus can be easily separated from the others due to its large size, and the parallel longitudinal stripes in Trochosa (Fig. 1) which are converging posteriorly in Pirata and related genera (see Omelko et al. 2011). Trochosa can be differentiated from the genera mentioned before by the copulatory organs, which are similar to those of Hogna Simon, 1885. Members of Trochosa and Hogna differ from other genera by having a triangular tegular apophysis (ventral view), an elliptically curved embolus with a basal transparent membrane, a pointed synembolus, and the epigyne has an anchor-shaped septum and a pair of deep anterior hoods. Trochosa can be differentiated from Hogna by: 1) the lack of strong macrosetae on the cymbial apex (vs. present); 2) the epigyne having a small fovea, and the septal stem covering more than half of the fovea (in Hogna, the fovea is larger, equal to three times the width of the septal stem); 3) the width of the septal base is equal to the length of the septum (in the West Palaearctic, Hogna ’s septum length is 1.2–1.4 times longer than the width of the septal base); 4) the septal stem widens anteriorly (in Hogna, the septum edges are parallel). Comments. A search for published figures and types of species described by Roewer (1955a) reveals that some arachnologists are not aware of the key characters of the genus. For example, Roewer (1955a) described T. hispanica under three different names in three different genera but none of them in Trochosa. Simultaneously, he placed a species, Hippasa loeffleri (Roewer, 1955a), belonging to a different subfamily, as well as Arctosa tbilisiensis Mcheidze, 1946 (= Trochosa impercussa Roewer, 1955a) in Trochosa. In the revision of Australian Trochosa, McKay (1979) treated 12 species, although 11 of them are now transferred to other genera. The remaining Trochosa glarea McKay, 1979, known only from the female, has an epigyne that differs from those of the generotype., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Nadolny, Anton A., 2020, On the identity of Trochosa hispanica (Araneae, Lycosidae), with notes on the synonymy of West Palaearctic " Trochosa " species, pp. 56-80 in Zootaxa 4859 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4859.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4412755, {"references":["Koch, C. L. (1847) s. n. In: Die Arachniden. Vierzehnter Band, Funfzehnter Band, Sechszehnter und letzter Band & Sechszehnter und letzter Band. J. L. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg, pp. 89 - 210 + pls. 481 - 504 (f. 1343 - 1412), pp. 1 - 136 + pls. 505 - 540 (f. 1413 - 1504) & pp. 1 - 80 + pls. 541 - 563 (f. 1505 - 1550) + pp. 1 - 64 (Index).","Engelhardt, W. (1964) Die mitteleuropaischen Arten der Gattung Trochosa C. L. Koch, 1848 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Morphologie, Chemotaxonomie, Biologie, Autokologie. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere, 54 (3), 219 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00390678","Fuhn, I. E. & Niculescu-Burlacu, F. (1971) Fam. Lycosidae. Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, Arachnida, 5 (3), 1 - 253.","Dondale, C. D. & Redner, J. H. (1990) The wolf spiders, nursery web spiders, and lynx spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Lycosidae, Pisauridae, and Oxyopidae. The insects and arachnids of Canada, 17, 1 - 383.","Zyuzin, A. A. (1990) Studies on burrowing spiders of the family Lycosidae (Araneae). I. Preliminary data on structural and functional features. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 190, 419 - 422.","Almquist, S. (2005) Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Systematics & Evolution, 62, 1 - 284.","Tanaka, H. (1988) Lycosid spiders of Japan II. The genus Trochosa C. L. Koch. Acta Arachnologica, 36, 93 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 36.93","De Geer, C. (1778) Des araignees. In: Memoires pour servir a l'histoire des insectes. Tome septieme. Pierre Hesselberg, Stockholm, pp. 176 - 324, pls. 11 - 19 + 38 - 39.","Omelko, M. M., Marusik, Y. M. & Koponen, S. (2011) A survey of the east Palearctic Lycosidae (Aranei). 8. The genera Pirata Sundevall, 1833 and Piratula Roewer, 1960 in the Russian Far East. Arthropoda Selecta, 20, 195 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 20.3.05","Roewer, C. F. (1955 a) Die Araneen der Osterreichischen Iran-Expedition 1949 / 50. Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Series I, 164, 751 - 782.","Mcheidze, T. (1946) Novyye vidy paukov v Gruzii. Bulletin du Museum de Georgie, 13 (A), 285 - 302.","McKay, R. J. (1979) The wolf spiders of Australia (Araneae: Lycosidae): 13. The genus Trochosa. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 19, 277 - 298."]}

Stoliczka O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 StOliczka O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885: 77; Simon 1898: 297. StOliczkaia: Bonnet 1958: 4172 (unnecessary name correction). Type species: StOliczka insiGnis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885, by the original monotypy. Comments. Since the genus placement in Pisauridae by Simon (1898), it has been mentioned in catalogues only (Petrunkevitch 1928; Roewer 1955; Bonnet 1958; Platnick 2000 ���2014 and WSC 2018). Diagnosis. Stoliczka can easily be separated from other Palaearctic Pisaurinae by the low clypeus (1.25 of AME diameter), whereas other genera have the clypeus over two AME diameters. Unlike other Palaearctic Pisaurinae genera, the epigyne of Stoliczka has no septum. Description. The same as that of the type species, S. insignis (see below). Composition. Only two species have been assigned to the genus: S. insignis and S. affinis. Distribution. Northeastern Pakistan and Karakoram., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Nadolny, Anton A., 2018, Redescription of enigmatic spider genus Stoliczka O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosoidea) based on the type species, pp. 295-300 in Zootaxa 4497 (2) on page 296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1452229, {"references":["Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1885) Araneida. In: Scientific results Of the secOnd Yarkand missiOn. Calcutta, pp. 1 - 115.","Simon, E. (1898) HistOire naturelle des araiGnees. Paris 2, pp. 193 - 380.","Bonnet, P. (1958) Bibliographia araneorum. TOulOuse, 2 (4), 3027 - 4230.","Petrunkevitch, A. (1928) Systema Aranearum. TransactiOns Of the COnnecticut Academy Of Arts and Sciences, 29, 1 - 270.","Roewer, C. F. (1955) KatalOG der Araneae VOn 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Bruxelles, 2, 1 - 1751.","Platnick, N. I. (2000 - 2014) The world spider catalog. American Museum of Natural History. Available from: https: // wsc. nmbe. ch / archive / (accessed 21 March 2018)","WSC (2018) World Spider Catalog. Version 19. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 22 March 2018)"]}

Stoliczka insignis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 Figs 1���20 StOliczka insiGnis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885: 77 (♀). Type material. All specimens are from the jar #1685 (OUMNH): vial #2���13♀ 6 cocoons; vial #11���3♀; vial #13��� 7♀ 2 cocoons; vial #14���4j 5♀ 8 cocoons; vial #15��� 4♀. All specimens are partially faded. The female with an egg cocoon attached to the spinnerets from the vial #13 is here designated as the lectotype (Figs 2, 8). The type locality was indicated as ��� Murree, June 11th to July 14th, 1873 ���, referring to the NE Punjab in Pakistan, on the original description. Neither vials or the jars have a locality label. Description. Female (jar # 1685, vial # 15). Total length 10. Carapace 5.5 long, 4.5 wide. Carapace pearshaped, cephalic part square-shaped; brownish, with a light median band, and dark radial stripes. Eyes in two rows. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.2, ALE 0.35, PME 0.22, PLE 0.35; ALE���PME 0.32, AME���ALE 0.12, AME��� AME 0.18, ALE���PLE 0.42, AME���PME 0.28, PME���PME 0.12, PLE���PME 0.5. Clypeus 0.25. Fovea distinct, longitudinal, 0.98 long. Sternum brown, with a lighter median part. Chelicerae dark brown, with 3 anterior and 4 posterior teeth. Palps and legs brown, without annulations. Tarsi of all legs and metatarsi I���III with scopula. Scopula on metatarsi III occupies half of segment. Palp spination: Fe d4, p1, r1; Ti d1, p2; Ta d1, p3, r3. Leg measurements and spination in tables 1 and 2. Abdomen oval, brown, with a yellow, lanceolate heart mark, venter uniformly brown. Epigyne as in Figs 9���19; epigynal plate wider than long; median plate (Mp) with a median furrow (Mf) and slit like copulatory openings (Co); copulatory openings spaced by 1.30 width. Endogyne with 2 pairs of receptacles, posterior (or proper: with the fertilization duct) receptacles (Pr) round, with large round gland antero-ventrally (Rg); anterior receptacles (Ar) cylindrical, with the globular head (Hr) covered with sparse glandular pores (Gp); anterior receptacles spaced out of each other by 1.3 time of their diameters; posterior receptacles separated by at least 2.25 times of their diameters (Figs 15���17). Variation. Body size varies 8 to 10.6 mm long, carapace 4.4���5.8 long, 3.5���4.8 wide. Sizes of the epigyne vary (cf. Figs 9 and 10), the relative distance between the anterior receptacles vary from 1.3 to 2 times of their diameters. Male. Unknown. Notes. The syntype series has 16 egg-cocoons, of which two contains eggs, and 14 first instar spiderlings. Cocoons are white, globular, with their diameter of 7.5���8.5 mm. One cocoon was opened and contains over 200 spiderlings and egg shells. The egg cocoon is attached to the anterior spinnerets (Figs 2, 8). The bond between the cocoon and the spinnerets is so strong that three females collected and preserved almost 150 years ago still have their cocoons attached to the spinnerets (Fig. 2). Distribution. The WSC (2018) indicates its distribution as China (Yarkand). Bonnet (1958) listed this species also from Yarkand, while Roewer (1955) listed it as a species from north-western India. In fact, this species was collected from the vicinity of Murree, which now lies in north-eastern Punjab (Pakistan) (Fig. 20)., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Nadolny, Anton A., 2018, Redescription of enigmatic spider genus Stoliczka O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosoidea) based on the type species, pp. 295-300 in Zootaxa 4497 (2) on pages 296-298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1452229, {"references":["Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1885) Araneida. In: Scientific results Of the secOnd Yarkand missiOn. Calcutta, pp. 1 - 115.","WSC (2018) World Spider Catalog. Version 19. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 22 March 2018)","Bonnet, P. (1958) Bibliographia araneorum. TOulOuse, 2 (4), 3027 - 4230.","Roewer, C. F. (1955) KatalOG der Araneae VOn 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Bruxelles, 2, 1 - 1751."]}

Alopecosa krynickii (Thorell, 1875) Figs 1–21 Tarentula krynickii Thorell, 1875a: 104 (♂); Thorell 1875b: 157 (♂). Alopecosa krynickii: Logunov 2013a: 353 (♂). The complete reference list can be obtained from WSC (2017). Material examined. Crimea, Chernomorskoe Distr., Tarkhankut Peninsula: 1 ♀ (TNU-10059/2), Kipchak Valley, 8– 11.6.2006 (M.M. Kovblyuk); 1 ♀ (TNU-10075/9), steppe between Medvedevo and Okunevka Villages, 29.5.2011 (O.V. Kukushkin); 1 juv (TNU-10010), steppe near Dzhangul coast, under a stone, 19.7.2014 (A.A. Nadolny); 1 ♀ 1 cocoon (TNU-10116/1), watershed of Malyi and Bolshoi Kastel Valleys, 45°26′58″N 32°32′50″E, steppe with Stippa sp., Asphodeline taurica, and Salvia nutans, pitfalls, 13– 27.6.2015 (A.A. Nadolny); 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ 1 juv (TNU-10004/2), Bolshoi Kastel Valley, 45°27′11.9″N 32°33′29.1″E, at night, 19.9.2015 (A.A. Nadolny); 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ 4 juv (TNU-10003/ 1) & 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MMUE-G7589.1), same locality, at night, 1– 2.10.2015 (A.A. Nadolny); 1 ♂ (TNU-10019/1), same locality, at night, 17.10.2015 (A.A. Nadolny). Diagnosis. Alopecosa krynickii belongs to the striatipes species group (Logunov 2013a). The embolic division and median (=tegular) apophysis of A. krynickii are similar to those of A. marikovskii Logunov. Also, the males of A. krynickii are similar to those of A. beckeri (Thorell) and A. taeniopus (Kulczynski): their embolic tips look like a singlebarbed harpoon. The embolus of A. marikovskii is without harpoon. The epigyne of A. krynickii is similar to those of A. akkolka Marusik, A. dryada Cordes, A. kovblyuki Nadolny & Ponomarev, A. schmidti (Hahn), and A. sulzeri (Pavesi). All the listed species reliably differ from A. krynickii in the shape of median apophysis, the embolic division, the septum of epigyne, and spermathecae (cf. Lugetti & Tongiorgi 1969; Eskov & Marusik 1995; Cordes 1996; Nadolny & Kovblyuk 2010; Nadolny et al. 2012; Logunov 2013b). Note. The venter colour pattern in Alopecosa species can be black—in A. schmidti, yellowish— A. cronebergi (Thorell), with a large black spot behind the epigastric furrow— A. marikovskii, and with a black area in front of the epigastric furrow— A. uiensis Esyunin. Juveniles and adults of A. krynickii have the uniquely bicolour venter of abdomen: black areas in front and behind the epigastric furrow, but the rear end of venter is light (Figs 5–7). This character distinguishes A. krynickii from all other species of Alopecosa in the Crimea, and perhaps in the whole Europe. Description. Measurements of female / male: total length 16 / 13; carapace: 7.5 / 7.2 long and 5.0 / 4.8 wide. Female palp spination: femur d1-1-1, p1, r1; patella p1; tibia p2; tarsus p2-1, r1. Male palp spination: femur d1-1-1-2, p1, r1; patella p1; tibia p2. FEMALE. Habitus is shown in Figs 1, 6. Prosoma: Carapace with a poorly marked gradual descend of thoracic region, eye field not elevated (Fig. 3). Carapace brown, with light lines radiating from median oval spot of white setae, lateral wide stripes of black setae, submarginal narrow stripes of white setae, and marginal broken stripes of black setae. Eye area is covered with light setae. Behind eyes there are four black spots (better visible in the males). Clypeus covered with white setae. Sternum and labium brown, covered with black setae. Chelicerae brown, their anterior side (except the distal part) covered with white setae, other sides covered with black setae. Palps light brown, with white and black setae. Coxae brown, covered with black setae. Other leg segments light brown, mainly covered with white setae; black setae forms spots on femora, also all femora with narrow retrolateral longitudinal stripes of black setae. Tarsi I–IV and metatarsi I–II with scopula. Scopulae of tarsi I–II consist of grey setae, III–IV consist of grey and black setae. Spinules are absent from all legs. Ventral sides of tibiae I–II with grey setae (similar to those of scopula). Opisthosoma: Dorsum dark grey, mainly covered with black setae; white setae forms a pattern of lanceolate cardiac mark, two longitudinal parallel lines of rounded spots and a line of oval spots in between them. Venter light brown or yellowish, the anterior half dark, covered with black setae, the posterior half light, mainly with white setae. In adults, this black spot occupies not less than a half of the venter (in juveniles less than a half, Fig. 5). Copulatory organs as in Figs 16–18: epigyne with 2 small anterior pockets, septum vase-shaped, with a median longitudinal ridge, spermathecae spherical. MALE. Habitus is shown in Figs 2, 7. The colour pattern of males and females is similar, but dorsal side in females is darker. Prosoma: Carapace with a posterior pitch, gradual descend of thoracic region is poorly marked, eye field not elevated (Fig. 4). Males have well-visible four black spots behind eyes and, compared to the females, a better-marked median oval spot of white setae on carapace. Cymbium brown, with short black setae, other segments of palp are light brown, covered with white and black setae. Tarsi I–IV with scopula and spinules: tarsi I–II have well developed scopula and poorly developed spinules, tarsi III–IV—on the contrary. Metatarsi I–VI with scopula: metatarsi I–II with welldeveloped scopula and few spinules on distal part, metatarsi III–IV with poorly developed scopula, spinules are absent. Venter of tibia I with grey setae (similar to those of scopula). Opistosoma: Dorsum with a lanceolate cardiac mark of black and white setae and two longitudinal parallel lines of white and black spots. Copulatory organs as in Figs 8–15: retrolateral side of median apophysis curved ventrally (=spoon-shaped lateral extension, after Logunov 2013a), tip of this curve with semi-transparent apophysis on retrolateral side (see Fig. 11, indicated by question mark), this apophysis is found only in one male, perhaps it can be easily broken or seems to be an aberration; retrolateral part of median apophysis is variable (Figs 8, 12); embolus flat and wide, embolic tip looks like a single-barbed harpoon; the palea with a poorly marked pointed prominence. Also, see the description of the holotype male of A. krynickii given by Logunov (2013a). Distribution. The Crimea: Tarkhankut peninsula and Simferopol (Fig. 19). Habitats. The stony steppe in two major habitat zones of the Crimea: true steppe and premontane forest steppe (Figs 19–21). Phenology. In the Crimea, Tarkhankut peninsula: juveniles can be collected in July and September–October, adult females in May–June and September–October, adult males in September–October; females with egg sacs in June; the peak of adult activity was observed in September–October. Discussion. Alopecosa krynickii is still known as endemic of the Crimea. It was assumed that endemic spider species of the Crimea predominantly occur in mountains and/or the southern coast (Kovblyuk 2014: fig. 6), in the habitat zones 3–7 (Fig. 19). As this species has been found from outside the mountain part of the Crimea, its status of an endemic species is likely to be temporary. A. krynickii has been found in Tarkhankut peninsula, in stony steppes which has never been ploughed (Fig. 20). Until the 20th century, virgin steppes had been widespread in the plains of the Crimea (the habitat zone 2 and partly the zones 1 & 3). For example, until 1950s, a stony steppe had stretched in the vicinity of Simferopol, in the type locality of A. krynickii. At present this area is house-built and forested (Fig. 21). It is likely that A. krynickii can be found in other sites of virgin steppes of the Palaearctic, especially in Ukraine and the European part of Russia. It is difficult to collect A. krynickii by pitfalls. Among the 26 collected specimens of A. krynickii, a single specimen was caught by pitfall traps; in order to collect spiders, a total of 60 pitfalls were set in Tarkhankut and exposed for seven months, April–October (the catch was taken twice a month). Thus, hand picking in autumn at night, with the aid of head-torch, seems to be the best method of collecting A. krynickii, as well as other burrowing wolf spiders. The somatic characters, such as carapace profile, scopula and spinules on legs of A. krynickii well correspond to the structural and functional features of burrowing wolf spiders as described by Zyuzin (1990). I am grateful to Mykola Kovblyuk and Oleg Kukushkin who collected some specimens of A. krynickii. Logistic help with the 2015 expeditions was provided by the Natural Park "Tarkhankutskii", Chernomorskoe, the Crimea. I also thank reviewers (Dmitri Logunov and Galina Azarkina) and editor (Adalberto Santos) for their valuable comments and remarks to the manuscript. English of the manuscript was kindly checked and edited by Dmitri Logunov and Aatemmaa Sennedokkao. This study was supported by Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation grant #14.W03.31.0015., Published as part of Nadolny, Anton A., 2018, Lost and found: Alopecosa krynickii (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the Crimea, pp. 594-599 in Zootaxa 4394 (4) on pages 594-599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4394.4.11, http://zenodo.org/record/1199902, {"references":["Thorell, T. (1875 a) Verzeichniss sudrussischer Spinnen. Horae Societatis entomologicae Rossicae, 11, 39 - 122.","Thorell, T. (1875 b) Descriptions of several European and North African spiders. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 13 (5), 1 - 203.","Nadolny, A. A. & Kovblyuk, M. M. (2010) On two closely related wolf spider species Alopecosa beckeri (Thorell, 1875) and A. taeniopus (Kulczynski, 1895) (Aranei: Lycosidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 19 (4), 237 - 247.","Nadolny, A. A., Ponomarev, A. V. & Dvadnenko, K. V. (2012) A new wolf spider species in the genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Eastern Europe. Zootaxa, 3484, 83 - 88.","Kovblyuk, M. M. (2014) Spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of the Crimea: faunogenesis and hypothesis of Pontida. Ukrainska Entomofaunistyka, 5 (2), 29 - 53. [in Russian with English summary]","Zyuzin, A. A. (1990) Studies on burrowing spiders of the family Lycosidae (Araneae). I. Preliminary data on structural and functional features. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 190, 419 - 422."]}

Lycosa aragogi sp. nov. Figures 1���6. Type material: Holotype ♀ (SMF), IRAN: Kerman Province: Kerman-Rafsanjan to Zarand pass., alt. 2200���2300m, 26 April 2016 (A.R. Naderi). Comparative material: Lycosa praegrandis: 1 ♀ (TNU-10048), Crimea, Chernomorskoe Dist., Tarkhankut Peninsula, Kipchak Valley, 45��28���16���N 32��35���36���E, 15 June 2007 (M.M. Kovblyuk); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (TNU-10047), same locality, 17 June 2007 (M.M. Kovblyuk). Etymology. This species is named after Aragog, the famous fictional spider from ���Harry Potter��� book series by J.K. Rowling, in a reference to the similarities between this species and the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film ���Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets���, which is actually based on a wolf spider. Diagnosis. Lycosa aragogi sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus by having two well-developed anterior epigynal pockets and a deep incision between them (Fig. 1, indicated by arrow). Remarks. According to taxonomic characters for Lycosidae proposed by Zyuzin (1990), L. aragogi sp. nov. belongs to subfamily Lycosinae Simon, 1898: this species has large size, high cephalic area of carapace and setae on epigynal septum. Based on the morphology of male copulatory organs, Dondale (1986) divided Lycosinae into Lycosa and Trochosa groups. A similar subdivision was made by Zyuzin (1990, 1993) based on both male and female morphology. He divided Lycosinae into two tribes: Lycosini Sundevall, 1833, characterised by non-anchor-shaped epigynal septum and Trochosini Zyuzin, 1990, characterised by anchor-shaped epigynal septum. According to this character, L. aragogi sp. nov. should belong to the Lycosini. As reported by Dondale (1986), representatives of the Lycosa group include Alopecosa Simon, 1885, Arctosa C.L. Koch, 1847, Hygrolycosa Dahl, 1908, Lycosa, Melocosa Gertsch, 1937 and Varacosa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942. Zyuzin (1993: 699) proposed to include in Lycosini ���members of Lycosa s.str. with their very peculiar genitalia, and some allied species referred to ��� Allocosa ���, ��� Hogna ��� and probably Metatrochosina (Roewer, 1959 - 1960, figs 124, 126, 129, 219, 304-305, 517)���. In general, the structure of vulva of L. aragogi sp. nov. is similar to those of L. praegrandis and L. tarantula (Fig. 2; Logunov 2010: fig. 27), by having massive folds (invaginations), which are perhaps copulatory ducts. We placed L. aragogi sp. nov. in Lycosa on the basis of structures of vulva and shape of septum, which is not anchor-shaped. Still, presence of anterior epigynal pockets distinguishes L. aragogi sp. nov. from L. praegrandis and L. tarantula. To our opinion, L. aragogi sp. nov. has quite peculiar structure of epigyne and probably should belong to a separate new genus. This problem could be solved after studying the copulatory organs of the males. Description. Total length 26; carapace 11.3 long, 7.5 wide. Carapace with slightly marked gradual descend of thoracic region, eye field not elevated (Fig. 6). Carapace with 2 stripes of black and 3 stripes of white setae, which reach the posterior median eyes (Figs 3, 6). Clypeus with black setae (Fig. 4). Sternum and labium brown, covered with black setae (Fig. 5). Abdomen yellow, covered with series of spots of black and white setae on the dorsum. Venter covered with black setae anteriorly of the epigastric furrow, and with white setae and some spots of black setae posteriorly. Area around spinnerets with black setae. Spinnerets yellow, covered with black setae (Fig. 5). Chelicerae brown, covered with black setae. Basal segment of chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Palps brown with white and black setae; patellae, tibiae and tarsi with dorsal macrosetae. Palp spination: femur d 1-1-2, p 1, r 1; patella p 1; tibia p 2, r 1; tarsus p 2, r 1. Legs brown, with white and black setae. Distal part of femora with a dorsal black setae spot. Patellae with dorsal white setae and ventral and lateral black setae. Metatarsi and tarsi I���II with scopula, I���IV with spinules. Epigyne with two anterior pockets, the edge between the pockets have a deep median incision. Shape of septum is somewhat similar to a conical flask, with an anterior, median furrow. Posterior part of septum with 2 setae. Length of septum more than 1.5 times the width of its posterior part. Spermatheca oval, with numerous pores on the head; a massive fold (unknown function; probably copulatory duct) is situated in front of spermatheca; gland located at base of spermatheca (Figs 1���2). Male unknown. Distribution. Known from the type locality only. Comments. The habitat was a mountainous area with xerophyte vegetation, mostly consisting of Astragalus sp. The specimen was collected from inside its burrow, which was made in a stony slope. Somatic characters (carapace profile, scopula and spinules on legs) of L. aragogi sp. nov. are equivalent to structural and functional features of burrowing wolf spiders, as proposed by Zyuzin (1990)., Published as part of Nadolny, Anton A. & Zamani, Alireza, 2017, A new species of burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae: Lycosa) from Iran, pp. 597-600 in Zootaxa 4286 (4) on pages 597-600, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.4.13, http://zenodo.org/record/828723, {"references":["Zyuzin, A. A. (1990) Studies on burrowing spiders of the family Lycosidae (Araneae). I. Preliminary data on structural and functional features. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 190, 419 - 422.","Dondale, C. D. (1986) The subfamilies of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Actas X Congreso Internacional de Aracnologia, Jaca, Espana, 1986, 327 - 332.","Zyuzin, A. A. (1993) Studies on the wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). I. A new genus and species from Kazakhstan, with comments on the Lycosinae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 33, 693 - 700.","Roewer, C. F. (1959) Araneae Lycosaeformia II. (Lycosidae). In: Institute des Parcs Nationaux du Congo et du Rwanda (Ed.), Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba - Mission G. F. de Witte, 55, 1 - 518.","Roewer, C. F. (1960) Araneae Lycosaeformia II. (Lycosidae) (Fortsetzung und Schluss). In: Institute des Parcs Nationaux du Congo et du Rwanda (Ed.), Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba - Mission G. F. de Witte, 55, 519 - 1040.","Logunov, D. V. (2010) On new Central Asian genus and species of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) exhibiting a pronounced sexual size dimorphism. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, 314 (3), 233 - 263."]}

Nadolny, Anton A., Omelko, Mikhail M., Marusik, Yuri M., Blagoev, Gergin (2016): A new species of spider belonging to the Pardosa lugubris - group (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Far East Asia. Zootaxa 4072 (2): 263-281, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4072.2.8

Pardosa koponeni sp.n. Figs 1 ���4, 8���9, 12, 14 ���23, 29��� 32. Lycosa lugubris: Yaginuma 1957: 57, f. 2 (♀). Pardosa lugubris: Yaginuma 1960: 85, f. 76.8 (♀); Yaginuma 1971: 85, f. 76.8 (♀); Namkung et al. 1972: 94, f. 14 (♀); Oliger 1981: 7, f. 12���15 (♂♀); Yaginuma 1986: 163, f. 90.5 (♂♀); Chikuni 1989: 116, f. 34 (♂♀); Tanaka 1993: 265, f. 1���4 (♂♀); Kim & Yoo 1997: 35, f. 8, 20���21, 38���39, 50 (♂♀); Yoo & Kim 2002: 28, f. 59 (♂); Namkung 2002: 333, f. 20.27 a���c (♂♀); Kim & Cho 2002: 217, f. 475���480 (♂♀); Namkung 2003: 335, f. 20.27 a���c (♂♀); Tanaka 2009: 240, f. 101���102 (♂♀); Zhu et al. 2010: 59, f. 3 a���f (♀). Etymology. The species is named after our colleague and friend Seppo Koponen, who made important contributions to the taxonomy and faunistics of Holarctic spiders, particularly Lycosidae. Type material. Holotype ♂ (ZMMU), RUSSIA, Maritime Province: environs of Ryazanovka Village, 42 �� 47 ' 52 ''N 131 �� 14 ' 37 ''E, copses of Quercus dentatus, 25 ��� 30.06.2009 (M.M. Omelko). Paratypes: RUSSIA: Maritime Province: Chuguevski Distr.: 5 ♀ (ZMMU), S part, Chuguyevka Field Station, ca 43 �� 50 'N 134 �� 15 'E, 31.07 ���5.08.1998 (Yu.M. Marusik). Lazo Distr.: 2 ♂ (ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Petrova Gorge, valley mixed forest, 27 ��� 28.07.1977 (T.I. Oliger); 4 ♂ 2 ♀ (ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Slukhe Gorge, valley forest, 20.05. 1979 (T.I. Oliger); 1 ♂ (ZMMU), Kiyevka Village, oak forest, 7.06. 1982 (T.I. Oliger); 4 ♀ (ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Korpad��� Camp, 43 �� 16 'N 124 ��08'E, 6 ���9.08.1998 (Yu.M. Marusik); 1 ♂ (ZMMU), Sikhote-Alin Mt. range, Gorelaya Sopka Mt., ca 43 �� 30 ' 30 ''N 134 ��06'08''E, 1300���1470 m, 17 ��� 20.06.1999 (Yu. Sundukov); 17 ♂ ♀ (ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Sukhoi River, 11 ��� 20.06.2002 (Yu. Sundukov); 13 ♂ 3 ♀ (TNU, M 194���195), Sestra Mt., 43 �� 31 ' 52.23 ''N 134 ��02' 49.44 ''E, low and middle belts of mountain, 16 ��� 23.06.2005 (M.M. Omelko); 2 ♂ 3 ♀ (TNU, M 251), same locality, mixed forest, 500���600 m, 16 ��� 23.06.2005 (M.M. Omelko); 4 ♂ (ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Korpad��� Gorge, 23 ��� 30.06.2006 (M. Smirnov); 6 ♀ (ZMMU), same locality, 1 ��� 14.07.2006 (V. Shokhrin); 1 ♂ (ZMMU), Lazo Village, 1 ��� 10.07.2006 (V. Shokhrin); 17 ♂ 2 ♀ (ZMMU), S part, Lazo Reserve, Prosyolochnaya Bay, 22 ��� 24.06.2002 (Yu. Sundukov); 1 ♀ (ZMMU), same locality, 8 ��� 12.04.2006 (Yu. Sundukov); 12 ♂ (ZMMU), same locality, 1 ���7.07.2006 (Yu. Sundukov); 4 ♂ (ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Amerika Kordon, 25.08 ���3.09.2006 (Yu. Sundukov, V. Shokhrin). Khasanski Distr.: 1 ♂ (ISEA), Kedrovaya Pad��� Reserve, 22.05. 1977 (B.P. Zakharov); 3 ♂ (TNU, M 55), Ryazanovka Village env., 42 �� 47 ' 52 ''N 131 �� 14 ' 37 ''E, copses of Quercus dentatus, 25 ��� 30.06.2009 (M.M. Omelko). Khorol���ski Distr.: 3 ♀ (ZMMU), Khanka Lake, S shore, Luzanova Sopka, 44 �� 33 'N 132 �� 23 'E, 16 ��� 17.07.1998 (Yu.M. Marusik). Ussuriiski Distr.: 1 ♀ (ZMMU), S part, Ussuri Reserve, 43 �� 39 'N 132 �� 33 'E, 29 ��� 31.07.1998 (Yu.M. Marusik); 3 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMMU), Ussuri Reserve, Komarovo-Zapovednoe, 43 �� 38 ' 48 ''N 132 �� 20 ' 48 'E, 21 ��� 27.05.1998 (Yu. Sundukov). Terneiski Distr.: 5 ♂ (ZMMU), Sikhote-Alinski Reserve, kordon Kabaniy, ca 45 ��08' 16 ''N 135 �� 52 ' 40 ''E, 650���900 m, 30.06 ���4.07.1999 (Yu. Sundukov); 5 ♂ (ZMMU), Sikhote-Alinski Reserve, kordon Blagodatnoye, ca 44 �� 55 ' 45 ''N 136 �� 32 ' 36 ''E, 7 ��� 12.07.1999 (Yu. Sundukov). Khabarovsk Province: Bolshekhekhtsirski Reserve: 4 ♂ 4 ♀ (ISEA), forest on the plain, 2.06. 1987 (D.V. Logunov); 2 ♂ (ISEA, 19), dry litter in Populus forest, 150���200 m, 11.06. 1987 (D.V. Logunov); 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (ISEA, 40), marsh wood, 18.06. 1987 (D.V. Logunov); 24 ♂ 3 ♀ (ISEA, 47), Cedrus & broadleaf forest, 250 m, pitfalls, 22.06. 1987 (D.V. Logunov); 6 ♂ (ISEA, 52), Cedrus & broadleaf forest, 350���400 m, pitfalls, 24.06. 1987 (D.V. Logunov). Other material examined: RUSSIA: Kuril Islands: 136 ♂ 14 ♀ (ZMMU), Shikotan Island, Tserkovnaya Bay, ca 43 �� 44 'N 146 �� 42 'E, May���September 2012 (Yu. Sundukov). Sakhalin Island: Aniva Distr.: 1 ♀ (MMUM), Lugovoe Village, 13.08. 1983 (A.M. Basarukin); 5 ♂ 2 ♀ (MMUM), Novoaleksandrovsk, 1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 6 ♀ (MMUM, G 7518.162), Susui River, Novoaleksandrovsk, 21.04 ���2.09.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1 ♀ (MMUM), vicinity Lugovoe Village, Chekhov Mt., 11.05. 1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1 ♂ (MMUM), 5���7 km E of Lugovoe Village, 30.05. 1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (MMUM), Novoaleksandrovsk, 0 7.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1 ♂ (MMUM, G 7518.167), 5���8 km E of Lugovoe Village, 4.05. 1986 (A.M. Basarukin); 2 ♀ (MMUM, G 7518.153), 5���7 km E of Starorusskoe, 20.06. 1986 (A.M. Basarukin); 1 ♀ (MMUM), vicinity Lugovoe Village, Chekhov Mt., 1000 m, 3.07. 1986 (A.M. Basarukin); Dolinsk Distr.: 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (MMUM), vicinity of Lebyazh���e Lake, 18.05. 1985 (A.M. Basarukin). Korsakovo Distr.: 1 ♂ (MMUM, G 7518.192), Utesnoe Village, nr. Ozerskoe Village, 4.06. 1986 (A.M. Basarukin); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MMUM), Utesnoe & Ozerskoe Village, 4.06. 1986 (A.M. Basarukin). Tomari Distr.: 1 ♂ (MMUM), Ainskoe Lake, Ptich���ya River, 13.06. 1984 (A.M. Basarukin); 1 ♂ (MMUM, G 7518.161), Ainskoe Lake, 21 ��� 22.05.1986 (A.M. Basarukin); 1 ♀ (MMUM, G 7518.206), Baklanie Lake, 2.08. 1994 (A.M. Basarukin). Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Distr.: 3 ♀ (MMUM, G7518.214.217), park in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 10.05 ��� 11.09.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1 ♀ (MMUM, G 7518.171), 5���8 km E of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Dolina Turistov, 14.05 ��� 25.06.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1 ♀ (MMUM, G 7518.147), same locality, 14.05 ��� 25.08.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 3 ♀ (MMUM), Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 3.06. 1985 (A.M. Basarukin). JAPAN, Hokkaido: 3 ♂ 3 ♀ (ZMMU), Aizankei, 10.07. 1971 (H. Tanaka). Comparative material of Pardosa lugubris : FINLAND: 12 ♂ 15 ♀ (ZMUT ARA 27268), Turku, K��rs��m��ki, Ponponrahka bog, 19.06. 1977 (I. Oksala). RUSSIA, Buryatia, Kabansk Distr.: 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (ZMMU), Selenginsk (=Beregovaya), 21.06. 1983 (S. Danilov); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMMU), ca. 20 km ENE of Vydrino & Osinovka River valley, mixed forest, 460���480 m, 17.06. 2001 (D.V. Logunov). UKRAINE, Crimea: 966 ♂ 289 ♀ (TNU), details see Nadolny & Kovblyuk (2012). Diagnosis. The new species is very similar to P. lugubris. The two sibling species can be separated most easily by the colouration of femora in males: in P. koponeni sp.n. femora are dark brown (blackish in life), with the distal part being light brown (cf. Figs 12 b���c, 31), while in P. lugubris they have distinct annulations (cf. Figs 13 b���c, 33). Males of P. koponeni sp.n. can be separated from P. lugubris by the shape of tegular apophysis: 1) thinner distal part of upper arm (Ua) (wider in P. lugubris; cf. Figs 1, 5, 8, 10, 12 a, 13 a); 2) basal part of the upper arm (Ba) 1 / 3 long of upper arm (Ua) (in P. lugubris ��� 1 / 4) (cf. Figs 8, 10, 12 a, 13 a); 3) tip of tegular apophysis straight (slightly bent in P. lugubris; cf. Figs 1, 5, 8���11); 4) tip of tegular apophysis located close to the retrolateral edge of cymbium (closer to the midline of cymbium in P. lugubris; cf. Figs 1, 5, 12 a, 13 a). The two species differ also in size (cf. Figs 27���28). No differences in spination were found between the two species. Female epigynes in P. koponeni sp.n. and P. lugubris are indistinguishable. Note. Also, males of the new species differ from other species of P. lugubris -group: from P. al a cr i s it distinguished by coloration of the cymbium (Kronestedt 1992), from P. b ae h ror u m ���by size of the cymbium and femora, and by coloration of first femora (Kronestedt 1999), from P. caucasica ���by the shape of tegular apophysis and embolus (Nadolny & Kovblyuk 2012); from P. pertinax ���by the shape of tegular apophysis (T��pfer-Hofmann et al. 2000), and from P. saltans ���by the size of the cymbium (Roberts 1998; Kronestedt 1999; T��pfer-Hofmann et al. 2000). Female epigynes in P. lugubris -group are indistinguishable, except P. caucasica (Nadolny & Kovblyuk 2012). Description. Measurements of ♂/♀ from Maritime Province (TNU, M 194): total length 5.0 / 6.0; carapace 2.50 / 2.78 long, 1.80 / 2.12 wide. Length of palps and legs: Male leg spination. Female leg spination. Male. Carapace black; median band and margins covered with white setae (Figs 29 ���30, 31). Sternum black. Abdomen dark, covered with white setae. Femora of all legs black, distally brown; patella, tibia, metatarsi and tarsi of all legs brown. Palp as in Figs 1 ���4, 8���9, 12 a, 14���20; dark-brown, longer than carapace; femur about as long as patella + tibia, and as long as cymbium; patella and tibia equal in length; cymbium with one claw, long, its top part longer than 1 / 3 of cymbial length, and subequal to height of tegular apophysis; bulb as wide as about 1 / 2 of cymbium length; tegular apophysis with two well developed arms: long apical one and short basal one; apical arm thin and gradually tapering (Ua), bent at the angle about 115 ��, its tip straight and pointed; tegular apophysis terminates close to the retrolateral edge of cymbium; conductor smaller than terminal apophysis, with subparallel edges, tip abrupt, slightly widened; embolus modified: wide, subdivided into two parts, embolus proper (Ep) slightly bent dorsally, and accessorial process of embolus (Ap) gently bent apically, its tip somewhat bifurcated on the top. Female. Carapace brown; median band and borders covered with light-brown setae. Sternum brown. Abdomen brown, covered with light-brown setae. Legs brown; femora with four light-brown rings; palps brown, Epigyne as in Figs 21���23, septum anchor shaped. Comments. The new species occurs in large numbers in broadleaf forests. Sometimes it can be found in glades within coniferous forests. Juvenile spiders are numerous in meadows near forest edges at spring time. Males and females were found in the south part of Maritime Province from the end of May. Males occur until the first half of July. Juvenile spiders can be found at snow-free places from the beginning of March. In Sakhalin Island, the first males were found during the beginning of May. Females occur until August. The average length of femur I and carapace of both sexes from Sakhalin, Shikotan and Hokkaido Islands is less than in specimens from Khabarovsk and Maritime Province. Also, the island and mainland populations of P. koponeni sp. n. have some minor differences in bulb. The island specimens have a thinner upper arm of the tegular apophysis (Ua) and shorter cymbium, which may indicate that they are a separate species. Distribution. So far, the new species has been found from Khabarovsk to Sakhalin Island, south to Korea and Southern Honshu, Japan (Fig. 35). There is only one record of the species from China (eastern part Jilin Province) (Zhu et al. 2010)., Published as part of Nadolny, Anton A., Omelko, Mikhail M., Marusik, Yuri M. & Blagoev, Gergin, 2016, A new species of spider belonging to the Pardosa lugubris - group (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Far East Asia, pp. 263-281 in Zootaxa 4072 (2) on pages 265-273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/256173, {"references":["Yaginuma, T. (1957) Spiders from Hokkaido and Rishiri Island. Acta arachnologica, 14, 51 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 14.51","Yaginuma, T. (1960) Spiders of Japan in Colour. Hoikusha, Osaka, 186 pp.","Yaginuma, T. (1971) Spiders of Japan in Colour. Enlarged and Revised Edition. Hoikusha, Osaka, 197 pp.","Namkung, J., Paik, W. H. & Yoon, K. I. (1972) The spider fauna of Mt. Jiri, Cholla-namdo, Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Protection, 11, 91 - 99.","Oliger, T. I. (1981) [On the spider fauna of the Laso State Reserve]. Spiders and insects of the USSR Far East, Vladivostok, 1981, 3 - 10. [in Russian]","Yaginuma, T. (1986) Spiders of Japan in Colour. New Edition. Hoikusha Publ. Co., Osaka, 310 pp.","Chikuni, Y. (1989) Pictorial Encyclopedia of Spiders in Japan. Kaisei-Sha Publishing Co., Tokyo, 310 pp.","Tanaka, H. (1993) Lycosid spiders of Japan IX. The genus Pardosa C. L. Koch- amentata - group. Sonoda women's College Studies, 27, 261 - 318.","Kim, J. P. & Yoo, J. S. (1997) Korean spiders of the genus Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1848 (Araneae: Lycosidae). Korean Arachnology, 13, 31 - 45.","Yoo, J. C. & Kim, J. P. (2002) Studies on basic pattern and evolution of male palpal organ (Arachnida: Araneae). Korean Arachnology, 18, 13 - 31.","Namkung, J. (2002) The spiders of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Seoul, 648 pp.","Kim, J. P. & Cho, J. H. (2002) Spider: Natural Enemy & Resources. Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 424 pp.","Namkung, J. (2003) The Spiders of Korea. 2 nd Edition. Kyo-Hak Publ. Co., Seoul, 648 pp.","Tanaka, H. (2009) Lycosidae. In: Ono, H. (Ed.), The Spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, pp. 222 - 248.","Zhu, M. S., Xu, C. H. & Zhang, F. (2010) Three newly recorded species of the genus Pardosa from China (Araneae: Lycosidae). Acta arachnologica, 59, 57 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 59.57","Nadolny, A. A. & Kovblyuk, M. M. (2012) Members of Pardosa amentata and P. lugubris species groups in Crimea and Caucasus with notes on P. abagensis (Aranei: Lycosidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 21, 67 - 80.","Kronestedt, T. (1992) The identity of Pardosa alacris (C. L. Koch 1833) (Arachnida; Araneae: Lycosidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 72, 179 - 182.","Kronestedt, T. (1999) A new species in the Pardosa lugubris group from central Europe (Arachnida, Araneae, Lycosidae). Spixiana, 22, 1 - 11.","Topfer-Hofmann, G. D., Cordes, D. & Helversen, O. (2000) Cryptic species and behavioural isolation in the Pardosa lugubris group (Araneae, Lycosidae), with description of two new species. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 11, 257 - 274.","Roberts, M. J. (1998) Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp."]}

Alopecosa kovblyuki Nadolny & Ponomarev, sp. nov. Figures 1���14. Type material: Holotype 1 3 (ZMMU) RUSSIA, Rostov area, Ust-Donetsk Distr., Razdorskaya Village, Pukhlyakovskie Sklony, 47 �� 31 ' 18 ''N 40 �� 36 ' 37 ''E, 7 ��� 14.04.2004 (A.V. Ponomarev). Paratypes: RUSSIA. Rostov area: 1 3 (CP- 25.11.29 / 2), Rostov-on-Don, Shchepkinskiy Forestry, 47 �� 20 'N 39 �� 45 'E, May 2010 (V.V. Alexandrov). Ust-Donetsk Distr., Razdorskaya Village, 47 �� 32 ' 30 ''N 40 �� 38 ' 50 ''E: 1 3 (ZMMU), valley edge, Caragana frutex, 17 ��� 26.04.2010 (A.V. Ponomarev); 1 3 (CP- 25.11.29 / 1), valley edge, Caragana frutex, 17��� 26.04. 2010 (A.V. Ponomarev). UKRAINE. Crimea, Dzhankoy Distr.: 14 3 7 ���� (TNU-SO 1 / 1, SO 5, SO 6 / 1, SO 11, SO 14 / 1, SO 26 / 3, SO 27 / 3, SO 28 / 2, SO 45 / 2, SO 46 / 2, SO 49 / 2, SO 56 / 5, SO 58 / 3, SO 66 / 3, SO 70), environs of Solenoe Ozero Village, 45 �� 53 'N 34 �� 27 'E, hand collected and pitfall traps, 21.10. 2008, 12.03 ��� 22.10.2009 (A.A. Nadolny); 8 3 3 ���� (ZMMU), 6.5 km N Solenoe Ozero Village, 45 �� 56 ' 35 ''N 34 �� 27 '06.7''E, Phragmites australis & Carex sp. on the mollusks' shells bar, pitfall traps, 26.03 -9.04.2009 (A.A. Nadolny). Razdol'noe Distr.: 1 3 (TNU), 9 km N Razdol'noe, environs of Portovoe Village, Lebyazh'i Islands branch of Crimean State Nature Reserve, 45 �� 51 ' 17 ''N 33 �� 29 ' 40 ''E, 19.04. 2012 (A.A. Nadolny). Kherson area, Genichesk Distr.: 5 3 5 ���� (TNU- 2804 /3, 2812/2, 2814/1, 2819/1, 2887/9, 2894/2, 2903/ 4), environs of Genichesk, 46 �� 10 'N 34 �� 48 'E, Arabatskaya Strelka, hand collected and pitfall traps, 31.05 ��� 26.11.2010 (N.A. Stasyuk). Mykolaiv area, Pervomaysk Distr.: 3 ���� (TNU), Myhiya Village, 48 ��02'N 30 �� 57 'E, dry meadow, 7.05 ���8.06.2007 (N.Yu. Polchaninova). Poltava area, Novosanzharskiy Distr.: 2 3 3 ���� (TNU), Sokolova Balka Village, 49 �� 12 'N 34 �� 37 'E, southern slope with ruderal vegetation, 27.04 ��� 14.06.2011 (I.P. Lezhenina). Comparative material. Alopecosa beckeri (Thorell, 1875): UKRAINE. Crimea: see material in Nadolny & Kovblyuk (2010). Alopecosa taeniopus (Kulczynski, 1895): RUSSIA. Astrachan' area: 7 ���� (CP), 230 km NW Astrachan', Bogdinsko-Baskunchakskiy Reserve, 13 ��� 17.07.2002, 7 ��� 10.06.2005 (E.A. Belosludtsev & A.S. Tilli). Belgorod area: 2 3 (CP), Kustovoe Village, 17.10. 1998 (A.V. Ponomarev). Rostov area: 1 3 (CP-25.11.5/ 34), Razdorskaya Village, Pukhlyakovskie Sklony, 23.03. 2004 (A.V. Ponomarev); 4 3 1 �� (CP), Don River delta, 12 km N Azov, 9 ��� 16.04.2008 (P.P. Ivliev). UKRAINE. Crimea: see material in Nadolny & Kovblyuk (2010). Etymology. The species name is a patronym in honour of our friend and colleague, Mykola M. Kovblyuk (Simferopol, Ukraine). Diagnosis. The new species is similar to A. beckeri, A. mariae (Dahl, 1908) and A. taeniopus. Males can be distinguished from these species by a rounded projection on the tegulum (Figs 2 ���3, 13). In addition, the shape of tegular (=median) apophysis (Figs 2 ���6, 13��� 14) and synembolus (Figs 7���8) is also distinct. Females of the new species and A. mariae clearly differ from A. beckeri (Nadolny & Kovblyuk 2010: figs 23, 27) and A. taeniopus (Nadolny & Kovblyuk 2010: figs 25, 29) by the presence of two anterior epigynal pockets (Figs 9���11; Buchar & Thaler, 2004: figs 5���6). Females of A. kovblyuki sp. nov. and A. mariae differ in the shape of the epigynal septum and the spermathecal reservoirs. The epigynal septum of A. kovblyuki sp. nov. is highly variable (Figs 9���11), therefore females of the new species and A. mariae are difficult to distinguish. Description. Holotype: total length 9.0; carapace 4.4 long, 3.2 wide. Median light brown band on carapace widening in anterior part, and reaches the border of the carapace at the level of posterior lateral eyes. Dark brown areas on each side of median band. Carapace with broad white marginal bands. Eye area black. Chelicerae dark brown. Cheliceral claw with hillock on proximal part. Sternum light brown, covered with black setae. Legs and pedipalps light brown. Pedipalpal tibia more than twice as long as wide. Median band with grey lanceolate spot; series of spots on the dorsal abdomen; median band bordered with brown band. Sides of abdomen yellow. Ventral abdomen with grey spot. Tibiae spination: I, II ��� pl 1 - 1, rl 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2 (a); III, IV ��� d 1 - 1, pl 1 - 1, rl 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 2 (a). Paratypes (TNU- 2814 / 1), measurements (male/female): total length 8.0 / 9.4; carapace 3.8 / 4.2 long, 2.7 / 2.9 wide. Length of pedipalp segments (male/female): femur 1.4 / 1.4, patella 0.8 / 0.8, tibia 0.7 / 0.7, tarsus 1.3 / 1.2. Length of leg segments (male/female): Male pedipalp: tegulum with rounded projection on ventral side, retrolateral side of tegular apophysis curved ventrally, embolus flat and wide, synembolus claw-like, distal part of embolus and synembolus hiden behind tegular apophysis (Figs 2 ���8, 13��� 14); epigyne with two anterior pockets, septum flat, width of septum more than 1.5 times length, spermatheca spherical (Figs 9���12). Variation. Males (n = 11): carapace 3.6���4.4 long and 2.6���3.2 wide. Tegular apophysis shape variable (Figs 5���6). Females (n = 10): carapace 4.1���4.6 long, 2.9���3.2 wide. Epigyne shape variable (Figs 9���11). The grey spot on the ventral side of abdomen can be absent. Phenology. Males and females have been found from March to November, with peak activity in April. Females with egg sacs were found in May. Alopecosa kovblyuki sp. nov. and A. taeniopus occur sympatrically and have a similar phenology (Fig. 16). Habitats. Most of specimens were collected in grasslands (steppe; meadows with Artemisia & Limonium; meadows with Phragmites & Carex; Salicornia & Halocnemum on the silt). A few specimens were collected in plantations of various deciduous trees. Distribution. Ukraine (Mykolaiv area, Crimea, Kherson area, Poltava area), Russia (Rostov area). Collection records of A. kovblyuki sp. nov. are shown on Fig. 17. Remarks. Alopecosa kovblyuki sp. nov. has similarities with other Alopecosa species. However, the structure of the pedipalp and epigyne differs from the type species of the genus, A. fabrilis. The correct placement of A. kovblyuki sp. nov. can only be resolved when Alopecosa is revised., Published as part of Nadolny, Anton A., Ponomarev, Alexandr V. & Dvadnenko, Konstantin V., 2012, A new wolf spider species in the genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Eastern Europe, pp. 83-88 in Zootaxa 3484 on pages 83-86, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214889, {"references":["Nadolny, A. A. & Kovblyuk M. M. (2010) On two closely related wolf spider species Alopecosa beckeri (Thorell, 1875) and A. taeniopus (Kulczynski, 1895) (Aranei: Lycosidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 19, 237 - 247.","Buchar, J. & Thaler, K. (2004) Ein Artproblem bei Wolfspinnen: Zur Differenzierung und vikarianten Verbreitung von Alopecosa striatipes (C. L. Koch) und A. mariae (Dahl) (Araneae, Lycosidae). Denisia, 12, zugleich Kataloge der Ober t sterreichischen Landesmuseen, Neure Serie 14, 271 - 280."]}