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Organophosphate insecticides are increasingly used as substitutes for organochlorine and carbamate insecticides because of their high efficacity and lower persistence in the environment. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), an organophosphate considered as one of the most widely used insecticides in agriculture worldwide. The aim of this work is to analyze oxidative stress after a chronic exposure per Os to two doses of CPF (375 ppm,750 ppm) and the effect on mitochondrial swelling and respiration and cytoplasmic Cyt c amount. Our results showed a little increase in the activity of mitochondrial GST, level of MDA and a decrease in GPx and CAT activity confirmed by the lack of O2 (respiration inhibition), GSH level in mitochondria. we found an increase in mitochondrial swelling with a significant decrease in respiratory level. The amount of escaped Cytochrome c from mitochondria was significantly increased in treated groups according to the control in doses-dependent manner. Finally, our study showed that Chlorpyrifos caused general mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied with elevated oxidative stress amount in rabbit’s liver.

Development of nanomaterials and their use on an industrial scale have been booming over the last decade. Indeed, the physicochemical properties of these materials allow their use for various applications, ranging from the manufacture of food products or cosmetics, to the development of tools for electronics or the biomedical sciences. The aim of this work was to study the effects of CdSe on the general redox state of hepatopancreas of the snail Helix aspersa and to evaluate the effect of this nanomaterial on mitochondrial swelling and respiration. Our results show an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes of mitochondria (GST, Catalase, MDA) and a decrease in GSH and GPx level in mitochondrial hepatopancreas. Thus, we showed an increase in mitochondrial swelling with a decrease in respiratory level. Finally, our study suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress were high in the digestive gland of snails treated with 3.6 and 7.2 μg/g/2day.

The present work is to evaluate the neurotoxicity induced by pyrethroid insecticide “Deltamethrin” at 0.32 mg/kg/day in two main regions of the Wistar rat brain (hippocampus and striatum) and the protective effects of Quercetin at 10 mg/kg/day on this toxicity after 90 days of exposure. The assay of brain parameters showed that Deltamethrin caused a significant increase of mitochondrial metabolite level (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) and enzyme activity (glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase); a decreased amount of mitochondrial glutathione level and catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities; and an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) acid levels of the two regions. Furthermore, mitochondrial functional testing in the brains of treated rats exhibited a significant increase in permeability followed by a mitochondrial swelling. Instead, a statistically significant decrease in mitochondrial respiration (O2 consumption) was recorded in the striatum and hippocampus. Our study showed that the pesticide caused a significant increase of the cytochrome c amount correlated with activation of neuronal apoptosis mechanisms by the significant increase of caspase-3 of hippocampus and striatum. In particular, the results of behavioral tests (open field, classic maze tests of sucrose, and Morris water maze) have significant changes, namely bad behavior of the treated rats, affecting the level of anxiety, learning, and memory, and general motor activity has mainly been shown in treated rats. In addition, the histological cuts clearly confirm cerebral necrosis in the hippocampus and the striatum caused by the pesticide. They allow us to consider the necrotic areas, black spots, reduction, and denaturation of these brain regions in the treated rats. On the other hand, we have studied the protective effects against the neurotoxicity of Deltamethrin (DLM). In this context, after the gavage of Quercetin at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day, we have noticed an improvement in the entire parameters: mitochondrial enzyme, metabolic, histological, and behavioral parameters. This confirmed the improvement of preventive and curative effect of Quercetin against free radicals induced by the DLM.