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We aimed to calculate interrater reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition (TGMD-3) after raters reached a consensus regarding measurement criteria. Three raters measured the fundamental movement skills of 25 children on the TGMD-3 at two different times: (a) once when simply following the measurement criteria in the TGMD-3 manual and (b) after a 9-month washout period, following the raters’ consensus building for the measurement criteria for each skill. After calculating and comparing the interrater reliability of these three raters across these two rating times, we found improved interrater reliability after the raters’ consensus-building discussions on ratings of both locomotor skills (moderate-to-good reliability on two of six skills initially and at least moderate-to-excellent on four of six skills following criteria consensus building) and ball skills (moderate-to-good reliability on one of seven skills initially and at least moderate-to-excellent reliability on four of seven skills following criteria consensus building). For subtest scores and overall test scores, raters achieved at least moderate-to-good reliability on their second, postconsensus-building ratings. Based on this improved reliability following consensus building, we recommend that researchers include rater consensus building before assessing children’s fundamental movement skills or guiding curriculum interventions in physical education from TGMD-3 data.

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o desempenho motor de bebês de 0 a 16 meses, comparando o de bebês nascidos de mães adolescentes ao de bebês de mães adultas. Participaram 80 bebês, sendo 40 de mães adolescentes e 40 de mães adultas. Os instrumentos avaliativos foram a escala motora infantil de Alberta AIMS (Alberta infant motor scale) e questionário para identificar as características biológicas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Os resultados da AIMS mostram pior desempenho motor dos bebês de mães adolescentes (p=0,002; p=0,001), além de suas inadequadas aquisições motoras nas posturas prono e em pé. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre a maioria dos fatores biológicos analisados e o desenvolvimento motor dos bebês. Os resultados sugerem que a idade materna pode ser considerada fator de risco para atraso motor em crianças, porém ressalta-se a interação de diferentes fatores, aqui não controlados, influenciando as aquisições motoras de crianças, tais como as demandas da tarefa e as condições do ambiente.The purpose of the study was to compare motor development of infants aged 0 to 16 months born of teenage mothers to those of adult mothers. Eighty babies were assessed, 40 of which the children of teenage mothers, and 40 of adult mothers. Instruments used were the Alberta infant motor scale (AIMS) and a questionnaire to collect biological information. Data were statistically analysed. Results show teenage mothers' infants to have delayed motor development as compared to adult mothers' ones (p=0.002; p=0.001), as well as their poor motor acquisitions in prone and standing positions. No association was found between infants' motor development and most of the biological factors analysed. Results hence suggest that early maternal age may be considered a risk factor to motor delay in infants, but attention should be paid to other factors such as task requirements and environmental conditions (here not controlled) that may influence the pace of motor acquisition in infants.

OBJETIVOS: Comparar os dados de infantes brasileiros com a normativa canadense e estabelecer as curvas de referência e percentis do desenvolvimento motor da Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta segundo sexo. MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa, 795 crianças com idade entre 0 e 18 meses provenientes de diferentes cidades de uma região do Brasil. Os participantes foram avaliados com a Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta, em uma sala silenciosa, por um experiente pesquisador. Foi realizada análise dos percentis (P5, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90) por faixa etária da escala e sexo. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) entre meninos e meninas na maioria das diferentes faixas etárias. Apenas aos 14 meses, foi encontrada superioridade das meninas no escore total de desempenho motor (p = 0,015) e no percentil de desenvolvimento (0,021). Verificou-se, para ambos os sexos e para crianças típicas e atípicas, uma tendência de desenvolvimento motor alinear nas curvas desenvolvimentistas. Observou-se variação reduzida das aquisições motoras nos limites etários, nos dois primeiros meses de vida e a partir dos 15 meses. CONCLUSÕES: A Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta, embora seja um instrumento amplamente utilizado em clínica e pesquisa, possui restrições considerando a diferenciação comportamental até os 2 meses e depois dos 15 meses. Essa reduzida sensibilidade da escala nas extremidades etárias pode estar relacionada com o número e dificuldade dos itens motores avaliados nessas idades. Sugere-se a utilização de outros instrumentos de triagem para crianças acima dos 15 meses de idade. OBJECTIVES: To compare Alberta Infant Motor Scale scores for Brazilian infants with the Canadian norm and to construct sex-specific reference curves and percentiles for motor development for a Brazilian population. METHODS: This study recruited 795 children aged 0 to 18 months from a number of different towns in Brazil. Infants were assessed by an experienced researcher in a silent room using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Sex-specific percentiles (P5, P10, P25, P50, P75 and P90) were calculated and analyzed for each age in months from 0 to 18 months. RESULTS: No significant differences (p > 0.05) between boys and girls were observed for the majority of ages. The exception was 14 months, where the girls scored higher for overall motor performance (p = 0.015) and had a higher development percentile (0.021). It was observed that the development curves demonstrated a tendency to nonlinear development in both sexes and for both typical and atypical children. Variation in motor acquisition was minimal at the extremes of the age range: during the first two months of life and from 15 months onwards. CONCLUSIONS: Although the Alberta Infant Motor Scale is widely used in both research and clinical practice, it has certain limitations in terms of behavioral differentiation before 2 months and after 15 months. This reduced sensitivity at the extremes of the age range may be related to the number of motor items assessed at these ages and their difficulty. It is suggested that other screening instruments be employed for children over the age of 15 months.

Whereas considerable work has been published regarding biological factors associated with infant health, much less is known about the associations of environmental context with infant development - the focus of the present cross-sectional study.Data were collected on 561 infants, aged newborn to 18 months. Measures included the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale, Alberta Infant Motor Scale, and selected bio/medical factors. Correlation and regression were used to analyze the data.Home environmental factors were associated with children's motor development as much as some typically high-risk biologic factors.The home environment partially explained infant development outcomes and infants at risk could possibly be helped with a home assessment for affordances.

Identifying Brazilian adolescents' leisure habits, physical activity level and physical fitness related to health.222 male and 152 female adolescents with ages ranging from 15 to 18 participated in this study. The instruments used were the Inventaire d'habitudes du loisir (adapted to Portuguese) and a Scale of Leisure Habits. Physical activity level was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version) and physical fitness was assessed through a battery of questions proposed by the Brazilian Sports' Project. The Mann-Whitney U and ANOVA tests were used for frequency-data analysis and inferential statistics. Statistical significance was set at the0.05 level.The results revealed no linear relationship between adolescents' sedentary leisure habits and aptitude level related to health, thereby inferring that both male and female adolescents considered themselves to be physically active. However, a higher predisposition towards active leisure habits was found in male adolescents during their free time leading them to enjoy a better aptitude level related to health.It was concluded that even adolescents having physically active leisure habits will not necessarily achieve satisfactory results in physical abilities depending on active movement (aerobic fitness and abdominal strength and fitness) and, also, implementing leisure and fitness programmes requires specific activities. Independently of gender, adolescents need physical activity.