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4. Spatial Patterns of Infiltration on a Bench Terraced Hillslope in Kigezi Highlands, South-Western Uganda

Author

Nammanda Irene, Tenywa John Stephen, Kisira Yeeko, Bamutaze Yazidhi, and Nadhomi Daniel Luliro

Abstract

The spatial patterns of infiltration on bench terraced hillslopes are not fully understood. Moreover, these patterns are pivotal for assessing hydrological processes affecting water distribution, surface flow and soil erosion, and groundwater recharge. Our objective was to determine the spatial patterns of steady-state infiltration rates on a bench terraced hillslope; and assess the influence of soil properties on the infiltration process. We employed Geo-Information Science (GIS) to stratify the terraced bench hillslope into three slope position sequences, namely, Upslope, Middle slope, and Downslope. Besides, in each slope position segment, a bench terrace was randomly selected; and later stratified into three plot segments, namely, Upper (A), Middle (B), and Bottom (C), for purposes of conducting infiltration experiments. At each plot segment, three infiltration experiments were replicated to ascertain the intra-bench and inter-bench terrace steady-state infiltration rates. The experimental field design consisted of three slope position sequences, three plot segments, and three replicates, hence, leading to a total of twenty-seven (27) experiments. The infiltration measurements were conducted using a standard double-ring infiltrometer. We sampled soil for two different depths, namely; 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm, at each infiltration experiment to establish its relationship to the infiltration process. Using a Spatial Autocorrelation tool embedded in ArcGIS 10.2, we analysed the spatial patterns of infiltration along the hillslope. Furthermore, a Two-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences between the means of the infiltration rates across the hillslope sequences. Descriptive Statistics were used to investigate the Degree of Variability in infiltration rates. Results showed that beyond 15 m, infiltration rates vary significantly (P

Published
2022
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8. Mapping the susceptibility of persons with disabilities to landslides in a highland landscape of Bushika Sub County, Mount Elgon, Eastern Uganda

Author

Ssennoga, Martin, Mugagga, Frank, Nadhomi, Daniel L., Kisira, Yeeko, Ssennoga, Martin, Mugagga, Frank, Nadhomi, Daniel L., and Kisira, Yeeko

Abstract

Terrain parameters such as slope aspect, angle, curvature, stream power and altitude have been noted to spur landslide occurrence as well as, acting as a hindrance to evacuation efforts. Yet, persons with disabilities (PWDs) are seldom given priority during rescue and recovery programmes during pre- and post-disaster evacuation. The study was guided by two objectives, namely, (1) to map the landslide risk for households of PWDs and (2) to investigate the disability type that is perceived to be most affected by landslides. A cross-sectional household survey was adopted employing snowball sampling, Key Informant Interviews (KII), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for primary data collection. A 30-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used for terrain spatial landslide risk analysis in ArcGis 10.8 and System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) tools. A one-sample t-test in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used to analyse the score values on a five-point Likert scale to ascertain the perceived landslide effect on the different disability categories. Qualitative data was subjected to content analysis. We found out that majority of PWDs live in high-risk landslide zones with 1400 m – 1700 m, S-E, 10–80, > 10, and –0.8–0.13 of altitude, aspect, slope angle, Stream Power Index (SPI), and slope curvature, respectively. T-test results revealed that blind and deaf-blind were perceived as most affected by landslides with t(31) = 58.42, mean = 4.7, p < 0.0001, and t(31) = 34.8, mean 4.6, p < 0.0001. The deaf people were perceived to also be highly affected by landslides with t(31) = 34.4, mean = 3.9, p < 0.0001. In conclusion, PWDs in Bushika were highly susceptible to landslide hazards and yet considered as a minority for rescue and recovery during landslide occurrences. We recommend for prioritisation of inclusive disaster programmes such as disaster training, relocation, and resettlement to reduce vul

Published
2022

10. Mapping the susceptibility of persons with disabilities to landslides in a highland landscape of Bushika Sub County, Mount Elgon, Eastern Uganda.

Author

Ssennoga M, Mugagga F, Nadhomi DL, and Kisira Y

Abstract

Terrain parameters such as slope aspect, angle, curvature, stream power and altitude have been noted to spur landslide occurrence as well as, acting as a hindrance to evacuation efforts. Yet, persons with disabilities (PWDs) are seldom given priority during rescue and recovery programmes during pre- and post-disaster evacuation. The study was guided by two objectives, namely, (1) to map the landslide risk for households of PWDs and (2) to investigate the disability type that is perceived to be most affected by landslides. A cross-sectional household survey was adopted employing snowball sampling, Key Informant Interviews (KII), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for primary data collection. A 30-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used for terrain spatial landslide risk analysis in ArcGis 10.8 and System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) tools. A one-sample t -test in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used to analyse the score values on a five-point Likert scale to ascertain the perceived landslide effect on the different disability categories. Qualitative data was subjected to content analysis. We found out that majority of PWDs live in high-risk landslide zones with 1400 m - 1700 m, S-E, 10-80, > 10, and -0.8-0.13 of altitude, aspect, slope angle, Stream Power Index (SPI), and slope curvature, respectively. T-test results revealed that blind and deaf-blind were perceived as most affected by landslides with t (31) = 58.42, mean = 4.7, p < 0.0001, and t (31) = 34.8, mean 4.6, p < 0.0001. The deaf people were perceived to also be highly affected by landslides with t (31) = 34.4, mean = 3.9, p < 0.0001. In conclusion, PWDs in Bushika were highly susceptible to landslide hazards and yet considered as a minority for rescue and recovery during landslide occurrences. We recommend for prioritisation of inclusive disaster programmes such as disaster training, relocation, and resettlement to reduce vulnerability and enhance landslides disaster resilience of PWDs especially in high-risk areas., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article., (© 2022. The Authors.)

Published
2022
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