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Background: Because of its rising incidence in recent decades, juvenile hypertension has become an important public health issue. High blood pressure increases childhood mortality and morbidity, precedes adult hypertension, and increases cardiovascular events in age. Objectives: This study aims to summarize current evidences regarding prevalence, risk factors and consequences of hypertension in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Methods: For article selection, the PubMed database and EBSCO Information Services were used. All relevant articles relevant with our topic and other articles were used in our review. Other articles that were not related to this field were excluded. The data was extracted in a specific format that was reviewed by the group members. Conclusion: Literature shows a prevalence of pre-hypertension ranging from 5.2%- 6.5% while hypertension had prevalence of 3.8%- 17.2% in Saudi children which is comparable to figures reported worldwide. It is well recognized that hypertension in childhood and adolescent persists into adulthood. Children who are epidemiologically at risk must be identified. Keywords: childhood hypertension, Hypertension, hypertension risk factors, children and adolescents, KSA