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The current investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of gamma irradiation and guava leaf extract (GLE) on chicken meat patties. The effects of treatments on chicken meat patties were determined by physicochemical, stability (oxidative and microbial), and antioxidant status during different packaging (aerobic and vacuum) at storage intervals (0, 5, and 10 days). The changes in physicochemical parameters of chicken patties were observed on various treatments, storage intervals, and different packaging. The TBARS and POV were found to increase significantly (p <.05) on 2 kGy and with the passage of storage time. The results of microbial load in samples were found to decrease on gamma irradiation with and without GLE. The antioxidant profile in chicken patties was with respect to control. Slight changes were seen in sensory parameters on different treatments at storage intervals. It is concluded that gamma irradiation eliminated the microbes and different concentrations of GLE improve the stability and antioxidant profile of chicken patties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leading as a management process persuades team members towards the attainment of agreed goals. A school leader is one who develops the goals of the institution by influencing the actions of other people. The study focused on the objectives as; (a) to ascertain the usefulness of heads in educational matters, (b) to relate various aspects of headship to find their effectiveness, and (c) to arrange suggestions for the better functioning of administration at the secondary level. To answer the research question, the Head teachers, the teachers, and the students of grade 10 were engaged for data collection as the population of the study. Thirty-six secondary schools were selected from three districts of South Punjab (Bahawalpur, Lodhran, and Multan). Ten students, three secondary school teachers, and one head teacher were selected randomly from the population. Three separate research tools for the head teacher, secondary school teachers, and 10th-grade students were developed to verify the effectiveness of various aspects of school administration. A total of three hundred and sixty questionnaires for secondary school students, one hundred and eight secondary school teachers, and thirty-six head teachers were distributed among the participants. The collected data were analyzed by using different statistical formulas i.e. percentage, one-way ANOVA, and Mean Score. This comparative analysis of the various aspect of school effectiveness revealed that male administrative have better understanding and performance about the different aspects of school administration than the female administrative while the results of the study further disclosed that rural school administrative had better performance than the urban administrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School administration plays a vibrant role in enlightening the quality of schools. Head teachers play their role as a leader to shape up the culture of the school that is conduct to learning. The heads of the school promote forward--looking standpoints and generate self-confidence among the team members. The following study was designed to assess the role of head teachers in improving the quality of primary level schools. The study was descriptive in nature. A survey method was adopted to collect the data. All primary school level teachers and head teachers of the District Rahim Yar Khan were the populations of the study. In total 2250 primary schools in District Rahim Yar Khan, there were 1035 boys and 1215 girls' schools. A multistage sampling technique was adopted to collect the data. Through this technique, in the first stage, 500 schools from four tehsils were selected. At the level second stage, one head teacher and two school teachers were selected. In the end, there were 500 head teachers and 1000 teachers as the respondents of the study. Two questionnaires were developed for head teachers and teachers of primary school. Questionnaires were on a five-point Likert scale. The reliability of the questionnaires was made sure by Cronbach's alpha. Data were collected by survey method. Among 500 head teachers and 1000 teachers, questionnaires were distributed. 81% and 75% was the rate of return respectively for teachers and head teachers. Data were organized and screened with software (SPSS). Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to compute the desired results. The main findings of the study reveal that head teachers were playing their role very well but some areas such that neatness in schools, appreciation of teachers, and disciplinary rules was ignored. Based on findings it was recommended that the head teachers needed to conduct some training sessions for teachers, appreciate them, and implement a uniform disciplinary rule in the schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of leadership behavior on motivation factors. The study was quantitative based on cross sectional whereas, leadership behavior was used as independent variable and motivation factors as dependent variable. The population of the study was the secondary school teachers from Muzaffargarh District, Punjab. For the delimitation of the population 289 respondents were selected as a sample of this research through simple random sampling technique. For this study standardized questionnaires were used. The findings of this research show that there was a positive and significance effect of leadership behavior on motivation factors. This study is beneficial for the development of secondary school education through effective leadership behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral education refers to school-focused doings that motivate students' opinions and attentions which help them to become affluent and principled citizens. Teaching virtues and morals promote empathy, compassion, kindness and social knowledge about human rights in students. And being a valuable member of such a populous society, values education grants the students to obtain particular values and demands them to act upon. This research seeks an answer to a question that, what is the role of vales education in the promotion of moral development at school level. The study was descriptive research and based on the stakeholder's perspectives. The population of the study was all the students of elementary school in District Pakpattan. Researcher adopted VESS (Values Education Survey for Students) to measure values education. Moreover, a selfdeveloped questionnaire was used to measure the moral development of8th class students. Cronbach's Alpha was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaires. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was done by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). In present research paper, Mean, T-test, Standard deviation, correlation, regression analysis were used to obtain results from the obtained data. It was concluded that values and ethical education helps students to become honest, virtuous and compassionate. It was recommended that social, religious and moral traditions should the part of school culture and teachers should a role model for young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities sprawl between global knowledge and local aspirations. Universally higher education institutions create and transmit knowledge as their basic function. There is a growing emphasis that importance should be given to localized concerns and aspirations of the communities. Investments in higher education, demands a transformation of the neighboring societies and cure for socio-economic ills. Diverse Tolerance is a tendency of human beings to show acceptance towards diverse behaviors. Pakistan as a whole and Southern Punjab are especially facing the challenges of intolerance in society. The major factors of this issue are; religious extremism, sectarianism, poverty, and backwardness. Universities are believed to be a source of bringing attitudinal changes in their graduates and transform them into useful citizens. The major objective of the present study was to explore the role of the universities of Southern Punjab to foster tolerance, harmony, and social justice in the community. The students of general public sector Universities of Pakistan were the population of the study. A sample of one thousand students and thirty alumni were selected as the sample of the study. A self-developed questionnaire and interview were used as data collection tools. The mean score, standard deviation, and t-value were calculated. A thematic approach was followed to analyze the responses on interviews and open-ended items. It was concluded that university education is improving moderately the tolerance level among the students, helping the community to combat extremism, increase of social justice, and improving religious and social harmony. To achieve the educational aims and to develop a level of tolerance of students, lectures on tolerance education must be included in the syllabus at every level of degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern era elementary education plays a vitalrole forthe enhancement ofliteracy rate ofthe countries. Similarly, the ultimate goal of elementary education in Pakistan is to increase the enrollment of the students and control the dropout ratio in order to make county a graduate nation. This goal can be achieved through effective teaching conducted by the elementary school teacher. However, the teaching conducted by the elementary teachers is lesseffectiveduetotheorganizationalandworkloadstress.Nevertheless,this ideais insufficientlydeliberatedatthe elementarylevelinPakistan.Inthiscontext,theacademicperformancecruciallydrives theexcellenceofelementary education. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was used for this study involving 228 elementary school teachers who were sampled by using a simple random sampling technique. A survey method was used to collect the data through self-administered questionnaires. SPSS ver.25 was employed to analyse the data. The findings of the study show that there was a positive and significance correlation between organizational stress and workload stress effect the academic performance of elementary school teachers. This study provides the meaningful significant contribution for the sustainable development of elementary education institutions by adopting new strategies and techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Play activities have a key role in the early development of a child. Planning of play activities demands consideration of the interest, choice, and needs of the child. This consideration stimulates the self-regulation and intentional participation of a child. The present study was an exploratory study to find the novel and innovative choices of play that can extend and promote school liking in children. The current study was qualitative and data was collected through semi-structured interviews and discussions with preschool teachers and management in Pakistan.The sample of the study was consist of 27 preschool specialists from public and private sector institutions of Bahawalpur. The tool for data collection was developed to cover three aspects of the study; the current state of ECE in Bahawalpur, new choices of play, and determinants of conducive environment for play. The purpose of the study was to explore the most effective and useful play activities for preschool classes which could enhance school liking in children. It was concluded in the study that both materials and effective use of available resources are important for all-round development of a child.The results of the study indicated that social and dramatic play are low cast and feasible in both public and private schools. International developments in ECE may be adapted keeping the national structures and traditions into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to explicate the effect of encapsulation on the stability of Bifidobacterium bifidum in pasteurized grape juice and in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. Purposely, hydrogel beads were prepared using sodium alginate and K‐carrageenan by internal gelation method. Free and encapsulated probiotics were incorporated in pasteurized grape juice samples. The initial count in grape juice samples with free probiotic cells was calculated as 9.35 log cfu/mL that reduced to 6.58 log cfu/mL after 35 days. Likewise, the probiotic count, that is, in samples containing encapsulated probiotics reduced to a level of 8.51 log cfu/mL and 7.09 log cfu/mL after the mentioned storage period. The number of free viable cells in juice samples was lower than (107 cfu/g) the minimum recommend level. Similarly, the free cells showed a poor survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Furthermore, encapsulation affected the physicochemical (pH, acidity, and Brix) and sensorial characteristics of the juice samples. Practical applications: The probiotic delivery through carrier food and under hostile gastrointestinal conditions is a great challenge due to their low survival. The encapsulation technology can be used to protect the target delivery of probiotics. The encapsulation technology is a useful tool for delivering the probiotics for both dairy and nondairy food matrices. Encapsulation also ensures the recommended therapeutic level (1107–108 cfu) during transit and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Educated women are fundamental to ending sex discrimination by reducing poverty, which increases discrimination in developing countries. Gender equality is no longer seen simply as a problem of social justice. In order to ensure that women have equal rights, resources and opportunities within a community, making their voices heard is widely recognized as essential to the growth and development of a community. Women's education is the most effective tool for changing their position in society. Educating women in Pakistan was a necessity as education is a milestone in women's empowerment. Education also leads to a reduction in inequalities and functions as a way to improve their status within the family and develops the concept of participation. The major objective of the present study was to explore the role of the universities of Southern Punjab to foster social justice and women empowerment in the community. The study was carried out in three districts namely Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Bahawalpur of South Punjab region. A sample of 30 alumni of the universities of Southern Punjab from various organizations was selected through purposive sampling technique. A semi-structured interview was used to collect information from respthe ondents. It was concluded that university education is improving gender equality, helping the community to adopt liberal attitudes towards women, moderately improving women empowerment and mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are responsible for large number of deaths throughout the globe. Bitter gourd has the potential to become a component of the diet or a dietary supplement for diabetic and pre-diabetic patients owing to the presence of insulin like molecules. Recent investigations have suggested that bitter gourd extracts may ameliorate high fat diet induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in animal models. Moreover, its supplements in food result in lowering weight gain and visceral fat mass. Methods: The current study was designed to investigate the nutraceutical potential of skin, flesh and whole fruit of bitter gourd cultivars against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. For the purpose, various bitter gourd cultivars were procured from local market. Bio-evaluation studies were carried out on biochemical parameters using rodent experiment model. Results: From results, it was revealed that maximum reduction in blood glucose skin 1.06%, flesh 2.65%, whole fruit 4.29%, total cholesterol skin 6.60%, flesh 6.04%, whole fruit 6.70%, low density lipoprotein skin 5.55%, flesh 6.81%, whole fruit 6.60%, and triglycerides skin 0.04%, flesh 3.38%, whole fruit 2.02%, were observed. Moreover, insulin skin 2.14%, flesh 3.52%, whole fruit 2.73%, production was slightly enhanced with improved levels of high density lipoprotein in whole fruit of bitter gourd. Conclusion: Overwhelmingly, it may be inferred here that bitter gourd holds the potential to significantly improve diabetic conditions and associated late complications with no ill effects on body organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core objective of current research work is to observe the effects of different edible coatings on eggs for enhancing shelf life. For the purpose, brown and white eggs were procured from different local farms. After application of edible coatings i.e. shellac and chitosan, the quality characteristics i.e. haugh unit, yolk index, yolk color, albumin pH and shell color were observed. The maximum yolk index occur in noncoated eggs that is 0.42 for desi and 0.43 for farmi to 0.26 for desi and 0.23 for farmi whereas among shellac treatments minimum yolk index observed in T2. Edible coatings effectively extended the shelf life of eggs when stored at room temperature by preserving its quality characteristics. Chitosan and shellac coatings minimized the weight loss than those observed for noncoated eggs. Conclusively, the coating materials have potential use in delaying charges in the interior quality of eggs and maintaining their shelf life. Practical Applications The current manuscript has innovative data for enhancing the shelflife of eggs regarding summer season. Edible coatings increased the shelflife of eggs that is beneficial for industrial point of view [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine organisms are primary source of bioactive compounds for nutraceuticals industries. These bioactives can be extracted from different marine sources including animals and plants. These compounds are considered as safer alternatives to some existing synthetic drugs as they exhibit significant biological properties which contribute to their nutraceutical potential In the present scenario, some marine derived bioactive compounds are being marketed as good and safer drugs for health and some ofthem are subjected under- advance investigation in clinical trials. Marine bioactives include peptides, fatty acids, carbohydrates especially sulfatedpolysaccharides (SPs). Time are useful in food industries and perform the healingjunctions like anti-hyperlipedimic, antioxidant, antidiabetic and these all functions contribute towards cardiac protection. Current revieiv focuses the recent research on bioactives from different marine sources to protect one's cardiac health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]