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1. Dermoscopy of a solitary circumscribed neuroma of the lip vermillion

Author: Cody M. Atack, BS, Victoria A. Mañón, DDS, MBA, MD, Arthur L. Taguchi, DDS, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, BDS, DMD, DrMedDent, and Jose M. Marchena, DMD, MD
Subjects: circumscribed, dermoscopy, encapsulated, lip, mucosa, neuroma, Dermatology, RL1-803
Published: 2024
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2. DeepDOF-SE: affordable deep-learning microscopy platform for slide-free histology

Author: Lingbo Jin, Yubo Tang, Jackson B. Coole, Melody T. Tan, Xuan Zhao, Hawraa Badaoui, Jacob T. Robinson, Michelle D. Williams, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Ann M. Gillenwater, Rebecca R. Richards-Kortum, and Ashok Veeraraghavan
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Histopathology plays a critical role in the diagnosis and surgical management of cancer. However, access to histopathology services, especially frozen section pathology during surgery, is limited in resource-constrained settings because preparing slides from resected tissue is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and requires expensive infrastructure. Here, we report a deep-learning-enabled microscope, named DeepDOF-SE, to rapidly scan intact tissue at cellular resolution without the need for physical sectioning. Three key features jointly make DeepDOF-SE practical. First, tissue specimens are stained directly with inexpensive vital fluorescent dyes and optically sectioned with ultra-violet excitation that localizes fluorescent emission to a thin surface layer. Second, a deep-learning algorithm extends the depth-of-field, allowing rapid acquisition of in-focus images from large areas of tissue even when the tissue surface is highly irregular. Finally, a semi-supervised generative adversarial network virtually stains DeepDOF-SE fluorescence images with hematoxylin-and-eosin appearance, facilitating image interpretation by pathologists without significant additional training. We developed the DeepDOF-SE platform using a data-driven approach and validated its performance by imaging surgical resections of suspected oral tumors. Our results show that DeepDOF-SE provides histological information of diagnostic importance, offering a rapid and affordable slide-free histology platform for intraoperative tumor margin assessment and in low-resource settings.
Published: 2024
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3. Deep learning‐based pathology image analysis predicts cancer progression risk in patients with oral leukoplakia

Author: Xinyi Zhang, Frederico O. Gleber‐Netto, Shidan Wang, Roberta Rayra Martins‐Chaves, Ricardo Santiago Gomez, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Arunangshu Sarkar, William N. William Jr, Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, Michelle Williams, Diana Bell, Doreen Palsgrove, Justin Bishop, John V. Heymach, Ann M. Gillenwater, Jeffrey N. Myers, Renata Ferrarotto, Scott M. Lippman, Curtis Rg Pickering, and Guanghua Xiao
Subjects: carcinogenesis, convolutional neural network, disease progression, oral leukoplakia, patient prognosis, precancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Abstract Background Oral leukoplakia (OL) is associated with an increased risk for oral cancer (OC) development. Prediction of OL cancer progression may contribute to decreased OC morbidity and mortality by favoring early intervention. Current OL progression risk assessment approaches face large interobserver variability and is weakly prognostic. We hypothesized that convolutional neural networks (CNN)‐based histology image analyses could accelerate the discovery of better OC progression risk models. Methods Our CNN‐based oral mucosa risk stratification model (OMRS) was trained to classify a set of nondysplastic oral mucosa (OM) and a set of OC H&E slides. As a result, the OMRS model could identify abnormal morphological features of the oral epithelium. By applying this model to OL slides, we hypothesized that the extent of OC‐like features identified in the OL epithelium would correlate with its progression risk. The OMRS model scored and categorized the OL cohort (n = 62) into high‐ and low‐risk groups. Results OL patients classified as high‐risk (n = 31) were 3.98 (95% CI 1.36–11.7) times more likely to develop OC than low‐risk ones (n = 31). Time‐to‐progression significantly differed between high‐ and low‐risk groups (p = 0.003). The 5‐year OC development probability was 21.3% for low‐risk and 52.5% for high‐risk patients. The predictive power of the OMRS model was sustained even after adjustment for age, OL site, and OL dysplasia grading (HR = 4.52, 1.5–13.7). Conclusion The ORMS model successfully identified OL patients with a high risk of OC development and can potentially benefit OC early diagnosis and prevention policies.
Published: 2023
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4. Risk Stratification of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Fanconi Anemia Patients Using Autofluorescence Imaging and Cytology-On-A Chip Assay

Author: Timothy J. Abram, Curtis R. Pickering, Alexander K. Lang, Nancy E. Bass, Rameez Raja, Cynthia Meena, Amin M. Alousi, Jeffrey N. Myers, John T. McDevitt, Ann M. Gillenwater, and Nadarajah Vigneswaran
Subjects: Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a hereditary genomic instability disorder with a predisposition to leukemia and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) facilitates cure of bone marrow failure and leukemia and thus extends life expectancy in FA patients; however, survival of hematologic malignancies increases the risk of OSCC in these patients. We developed a “cytology-on-a-chip” (COC)–based brush biopsy assay for monitoring patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Using this COC assay, we measured and correlated the cellular morphometry and Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 (MCM2) expression levels in brush biopsy samples of FA patients’ OPMD with clinical risk indicators such as loss of autofluorescence (LOF), HSCT status, and mutational profiles identified by next-generation sequencing. Statistically significant differences were found in several cytology measurements based on high-risk indicators such as LOF-positive and HSCT-positive status, including greater variation in cell area and chromatin distribution, higher MCM2 expression levels, and greater numbers of white blood cells and cells with enlarged nuclei. Higher OPMD risk scores were associated with differences in the frequency of nuclear aberrations and differed based on LOF and HSCT statuses. We identified mutation of FAT1 gene in five and NOTCH-2 and TP53 genes in two cases of FA patients’ OPMD. The high-risk OPMD of a non-FA patient harbored FAT1, CASP8, and TP63 mutations. Use of COC assay in combination with visualization of LOF holds promise for the early diagnosis of high-risk OPMD. These minimally invasive diagnostic tools are valuable for long-term surveillance of OSCC in FA patients and avoidance of unwarranted scalpel biopsies.
Published: 2018
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5. Conjugate-SELEX: A High-throughput Screening of Thioaptamer-liposomal Nanoparticle Conjugates for Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Anticancer Drugs

Author: Qingshan Mu, Akshaya Annapragada, Mayank Srivastava, Xin Li, Jean Wu, Varatharasa Thiviyanathan, Hongyu Wang, Alexander Williams, David Gorenstein, Ananth Annapragada, and Nadarajah Vigneswaran
Subjects: AHNAK, aptamers, conjugate-SELEX, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, ligand-targeted drug delivery, nanoparticle, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving chemotherapy have a poor prognosis partly due to normal tissue toxicity; therefore, development of a tumor-targeted drug delivery platform to minimize collateral toxicity is a goal of cancer nanomedicine. Aptamers can achieve this purpose. While conventional Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) screens aptamer-only libraries and conjugates them to delivery vehicles after selection, we hypothesized that specific delivery requires screening libraries with aptamer-nanoparticle conjugates. We designed a procedure called, “Conjugate-SELEX”, where liposomal nanoparticles (LNP) conjugated with aptamers is screened to identify aptamers that carried attached LNPs to the human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell cytosol. Aptamer-LNPs were simultaneously selected for a low affinity to human hepatocytes, minimizing hepatoxicity and LNP clearance. Post-SELEX Next Generation sequencing demonstrated convergence to a family of sequences with one base difference. Affinity pulldown and proteomics analysis identified the uptake-mediating surface receptor as the neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK (Desmoyokin), a ubiquitous intracellular protein expressed in certain epithelial cell types. Uptake studies with the lead aptamer-conjugates showed enhanced uptake and increased cytotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in cells treated with aptamer-conjugated LNPs over LNP controls. Conjugate-SELEX identifies aptamers capable of targeted cytosolic delivery of attached LNPs payload, while minimizing off-target delivery. The technique lends itself to identification of uptake-mediating surface receptors.
Published: 2016
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6. Small intestine inflammation in Roquin-mutant and Roquin-deficient mice.

Author: Jeremy S Schaefer, Dina Montufar-Solis, Niyati Nakra, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, and John R Klein
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Roquin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that localizes to cytosolic RNA granules, is involved in regulating mRNA stability and translation. Mice that have a M199R mutation in the Roquin protein (referred to as sanroque or Roquin(san/san) mice) develop autoimmune pathologies, although the extent to which these occur in the intestinal mucosa has not been determined. Here, we demonstrate that Roquin(san/san) mice reproducibly develop intestinal inflammation in the small intestine but not the colon. Similarly, mice generated in our laboratory in which the Roquin gene was disrupted by insertion of a gene trap cassette (Roquin(gt/gt) mice) had small intestinal inflammation that mimicked that of Roquin(san/san) mice. MLN cells in Roquin(san/san) mice consisted of activated proliferating T cells, and had increased numbers of CD44(hi) CD62L(lo) KLRG1(+) short-lived effector cells. Proportionally more small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in Roquin(san/san) mice expressed the ICOS T cell activation marker. Of particular interest, small intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes in Roquin(san/san) mice consisted of a high proportion of Gr-1(+) T cells that included IL-17A(+) cells and CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) cells. Extensive cytokine dysregulation resulting in both over-expression and under-expression of chemotactic cytokines occurred in the ileum of Roquin(san/san) mice, the region most prone to the development of inflammation. These findings demonstrate that chronic inflammation ensues in the intestine following Roquin alteration either as a consequence of protein mutation or gene disruption, and they have implications for understanding how small intestinal inflammation is perpetuated in Crohn's disease (CD). Due to the paucity of animal models of CD-like pathophysiology in the small intestine, and because the primary gene/protein defects of the Roquin animal systems used here are well-defined, it will be possible to further elucidate the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that drive the disease process.
Published: 2013
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7. Supplementary Figure S1 from Autofluorescence Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Author: Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Ann M. Gillenwater, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Michelle D. Williams, Hawraa Badaoui, Imran S. Vohra, Eric C. Yang, Richard A. Schwarz, and Katelin D. Cherry
Abstract: Figure S1 shows a box and whisker plot visualizing RG Ratios stratified by pathological category.
Published: 2023

8. Data from Autofluorescence Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Author: Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Ann M. Gillenwater, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Michelle D. Williams, Hawraa Badaoui, Imran S. Vohra, Eric C. Yang, Richard A. Schwarz, and Katelin D. Cherry
Abstract: Patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) must undergo regular clinical surveillance to ensure that any progression to malignancy is detected promptly. Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) is an optical modality that can assist clinicians in detecting early cancers and high-grade dysplasia. Patients with OPMD undergoing surveillance for the development of oral cancer were examined using AFI at successive clinic visits. Autofluorescence images acquired at 133 clinical visits from sites in 15 patients who met inclusion criteria were analyzed quantitatively using an algorithm to calculate the red-to-green pixel intensity (RG ratio). A quantitative AFI threshold for high risk of progression was defined based on the RG ratio and was compared with expert clinical impression and with histopathology when available. Patients were divided into two groups based on their endpoint: surveillance (n = 6) or surgery (n = 9). In the surveillance group, 0 of 6 (0%) of patients were clinically identified as high risk for progression prior to the study endpoint, whereas 1 of 6 (17%) of patients were deemed at high risk for progression based on AFI during the same time period. In the surgery group, 9 of 9 (100%) of patients were clinically identified as high risk prior to the study endpoint, whereas 8 of 9 (89%) of patients were at high risk for progression based on AFI during the same time period. AFI results tracked over time were comparable with expert clinical impression in these patient groups. AFI has the potential to aid clinicians in noninvasively monitoring oral precancer and evaluating OPMDs that require increased surveillance.
Published: 2023

9. Supplementary Data from Autofluorescence Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Author: Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Ann M. Gillenwater, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Michelle D. Williams, Hawraa Badaoui, Imran S. Vohra, Eric C. Yang, Richard A. Schwarz, and Katelin D. Cherry
Abstract: Explanation about how RG Ratio thresholds were found from previously published data.
Published: 2023

10. Massive macroglossia, a rare side effect of COVID-19: clinical, histologic, and genomic findings in COVID-19-positive versus COVID-19-negative patients

Author: Victoria A. Mañón, David Chubb, Laura S. Farach, Rachid Karam, Mary C. Farach-Carson, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Karan Saluja, Simon Young, Mark Wong, and James C. Melville
Subjects: Oral surgery, Otorhinolaryngology, SARS-CoV-2, Macroglossia, Oral pathology, COVID-19, Histopathology, Humans, Surgery, Original Article, Genomics, Immunohistochemistry, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Purpose The primary purpose of this study is to identify if there is an underlying genetic predisposition for COVID-related macroglossia and if this susceptibility is higher among individuals of African heritage. Secondary objectives include determining if genetic testing of COVID-infected patients who are intubated and prone could identify patients with higher susceptibility to the development of macroglossia. Methods A retrospective chart review was completed for each patient, and prospectively, genetic and histopathologic analyses were completed. Whole-exome sequencing was completed on two patients; immunohistochemistry was completed on the COVID-positive tissue samples. Results Histopathology of the COVID-positive patient revealed significant peri-lymphocytic infiltrate, which was absent in the COVID-negative patient. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of immune cells. Results from the whole-exome sequencing were inconclusive. Conclusion The findings of this study are consistent with others that have observed a lymphocytic infiltrate in the organs of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. On histology, IHC highlighted a CD45 + predominance, indicating that a robust immune response is present in the tissues. The pathobiology of this phenomenon and its role in the development and/or persistence of massive macroglossia requires further study.
Published: 2022

11. Expansile, mandibular lesion in a pediatric patient

Author: Victoria A. Mañón, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, James C. Melville, Jonathan Shum, Xiaohong Iris Wang, and Issa Hanna
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Dentistry (miscellaneous), Surgery, Oral Surgery, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Published: 2023

12. Multimodal optical imaging with real-time projection of cancer risk and biopsy guidance maps for early oral cancer diagnosis and treatment

Author: Jackson B. Coole, David Brenes, Ruchika Mitbander, Imran Vohra, Huayu Hou, Alex Kortum, Yubo Tang, Yajur Maker, Richard A. Schwarz, Jennifer Carns, Hawraa Badaoui, Michelle Williams, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Ann Gillenwater, and Rebecca Richards-Kortum
Subjects: Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published: 2023

13. Mildly dysplastic oral lesions with optically-detectable abnormalities share genetic similarities with severely dysplastic lesions

Author: David R. Brenes, Allison J. Nipper, Melody T. Tan, Frederico O. Gleber-Netto, Richard A. Schwarz, Curtis R. Pickering, Michelle D. Williams, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Ann M. Gillenwater, Andrew G. Sikora, and Rebecca R. Richards-Kortum
Subjects: Cell Nucleus, Cancer Research, Hyperplasia, Oncology, Optical Imaging, Mouth Mucosa, Humans, Oral Surgery, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Optical imaging studies of oral premalignant lesions have shown that optical markers, including loss of autofluorescence and altered morphology of epithelial cell nuclei, are predictive of high-grade pathology. While these optical markers are consistently positive in lesions with moderate/severe dysplasia or cancer, they are positive only in a subset of lesions with mild dysplasia. This study compared the gene expression profiles of lesions with mild dysplasia (stratified by optical marker status) to lesions with severe dysplasia and without dysplasia.Forty oral lesions imaged in patients undergoing oral surgery were analyzed: nine without dysplasia, nine with severe dysplasia, and 22 with mild dysplasia. Samples were submitted for high throughput gene expression analysis.The analysis revealed 116 genes differentially expressed among sites without dysplasia and sites with severe dysplasia; 50 were correlated with an optical marker quantifying altered nuclear morphology. Ten of 11 sites with mild dysplasia and positive optical markers (91%) had gene expression similar to sites with severe dysplasia. Nine of 11 sites with mild dysplasia and negative optical markers (82%) had similar gene expression as sites without dysplasia.This study suggests that optical imaging may help identify patients with mild dysplasia who require more intensive clinical follow-up. If validated, this would represent a significant advance in patient care for patients with oral premalignant lesions.
Published: 2022

14. Abstract 785: A smart cytopathology risk-assessment platform for oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma at the point-of-care

Author: Kritika Srinivasan Rajsri, Michael P. McRae, Glennon W. Simmons, Alexander Ross Kerr, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Spencer W. Redding, Malvin Janal, Stella Kang, Leena Paloma, Nicolaos J. Christodoulides, and John T. McDevitt
Subjects: Cancer Research, Oncology
Abstract: Background & Objective: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects over 400,000 individuals globally, every year. When diagnosed early, the 5-year survival rate for OSCC is 64%, but two-third of these lesions are diagnosed in later stages, leading to lower survival rates ( Methods: In this work we present a ‘smart diagnostic approach’ that combines three key capabilities into an integrated sensing modality as follows: i) powerful microfluidic engine that allows for cytology measurements to be completed outside of a sophisticated lab infrastructure, ii) cytomics platform that allows for single cell molecular imaging to be completed in a portable analyzer, iii) AI-linked diagnostic models for early disease detection using cyto-signatures. This platform has been clinically validated across a multi-site prospective clinical study. Results: Multiple parameters including cellular phenotypes, nuclear parameters, biomarker expressions were indexed. Further, combining these features allowed discrimination and stratification of these lesions with high accuracy (99.3%) and significance. Further examination using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses yielded significant lesion identifiers and AUC values towards positive discrimination of OLC and OSCC (0.824 and 0.95, respectively vs benign lesions), with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: This rapid ( Citation Format: Kritika Srinivasan Rajsri, Michael P. McRae, Glennon W. Simmons, Alexander Ross Kerr, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Spencer W. Redding, Malvin Janal, Stella Kang, Leena Paloma, Nicolaos J. Christodoulides, John T. McDevitt. A smart cytopathology risk-assessment platform for oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma at the point-of-care [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 785.
Published: 2023

15. Point‐of‐care oral cytology tool for the screening and assessment of potentially malignant oral lesions

Author: Sayli S. Modak, Steven J. Dietl, Glennon W. Simmons, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Craig Murdoch, Nicolaos Christodoulides, Martin H. Thornhill, Denise A. Trochesset, John T. McDevitt, Roger Markham, Spencer W. Redding, Michael P. McRae, Stella K. Kang, and A. Ross Kerr
Subjects: squamous cell carcinoma, Adult, Male, Mild Dysplasia, Oncology, single‐cell analysis, Cancer Research, Epithelial dysplasia, medicine.medical_specialty, Cytodiagnosis, Point-of-Care Systems, Point-of-care testing, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Logistic regression, Malignancy, Machine Learning, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, oral epithelial dysplasia, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Prospective Studies, Medical diagnosis, Early Detection of Cancer, Point of care, business.industry, biomarkers, Original Articles, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, artificial intelligence, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, ROC Curve, Cytopathology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, cytology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Original Article, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, business, Algorithms, Software, point‐of‐care testing
Abstract: Background The effective detection and monitoring of potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL) are critical to identifying early‐stage cancer and improving outcomes. In the current study, the authors described cytopathology tools, including machine learning algorithms, clinical algorithms, and test reports developed to assist pathologists and clinicians with PMOL evaluation. Methods Data were acquired from a multisite clinical validation study of 999 subjects with PMOLs and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using a cytology‐on‐a‐chip approach. A machine learning model was trained to recognize and quantify the distributions of 4 cell phenotypes. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) logistic regression model was trained to distinguish PMOLs and cancer across a spectrum of histopathologic diagnoses ranging from benign, to increasing grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), to OSCC using demographics, lesion characteristics, and cell phenotypes. Cytopathology software was developed to assist pathologists in reviewing brush cytology test results, including high‐content cell analyses, data visualization tools, and results reporting. Results Cell phenotypes were determined accurately through an automated cytological assay and machine learning approach (99.3% accuracy). Significant differences in cell phenotype distributions across diagnostic categories were found in 3 phenotypes (type 1 [“mature squamous”], type 2 [“small round”], and type 3 [“leukocytes”]). The clinical algorithms resulted in acceptable performance characteristics (area under the curve of 0.81 for benign vs mild dysplasia and 0.95 for benign vs malignancy). Conclusions These new cytopathology tools represent a practical solution for rapid PMOL assessment, with the potential to facilitate screening and longitudinal monitoring in primary, secondary, and tertiary clinical care settings., A point‐of‐care oral cytology tool has been developed for the noninvasive detection and monitoring of potentially malignant oral lesions. The distribution of cell phenotypes identified by machine learning and a cytology‐on‐a‐chip approach provides useful information as part of the assessment of oral lesions, with improved interpretability, calibration, and generalizability compared with conventional methods.
Published: 2020

16. A PIK3CA transgenic mouse model with chemical carcinogen exposure mimics human oral tongue tumorigenesis

Author: Jean G. Wu, Ann M. Gillenwater, Melody T. Tan, Juan Luis Callejas‐Valera, Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, and Richard A. Schwarz
Subjects: Genetically modified mouse, Time Factors, Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Transgene, Mice, Transgenic, Quinolones, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Tongue, Genetic model, medicine, Animals, Lymphocytes, Molecular Biology, Cell Proliferation, Oncogene, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Cancer, Oncogene Proteins, Viral, Original Articles, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide, Tongue Neoplasms, Disease Models, Animal, stomatognathic diseases, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Dysplasia, Mutation, Disease Progression, Mice, Inbred CBA, Cancer research, Carcinogenesis
Abstract: Oral cancer causes significant global mortality and has a five‐year survival rate of around 64%. Poor prognosis results from late‐stage diagnosis, highlighting an important need to develop better approaches to detect oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and identify which OPLs are at highest risk of progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). An appropriate animal model that reflects the genetic, histologic, immunologic, molecular and gross visual features of human OSCC would aid in the development and evaluation of early detection and risk assessment strategies. Here, we present an experimental PIK3CA + 4NQO transgenic mouse model of oral carcinogenesis that combines the PIK3CA oncogene mutation with oral exposure to the chemical carcinogen 4NQO, an alternate experimental transgenic mouse model with PIK3CA as well as E6 and E7 mutations, and an existing wild‐type mouse model based on oral exposure to 4NQO alone. We compare changes in dorsal and ventral tongue gross visual appearance, histologic features and molecular biomarker expression over a time course of carcinogenesis. Both transgenic models exhibit cytological and architectural features of dysplasia that mimic human disease and exhibit slightly increased staining for Ki‐67, a cell proliferation marker. The PIK3CA + 4NQO model additionally exhibits consistent lymphocytic infiltration, presents with prominent dorsal and ventral tongue tumours, and develops cancer quickly relative to the other models. Thus, the PIK3CA + 4NQO model recapitulates the multistep genetic model of human oral carcinogenesis and host immune response in carcinogen‐induced tongue cancer, making it a useful resource for future OSCC studies.
Published: 2020

17. Autofluorescence Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Author: Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Imran Vohra, Eric C. Yang, Michelle D. Williams, Ann M. Gillenwater, Katelin D. Cherry, Hawraa Badaoui, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, and Richard A. Schwarz
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Pixel intensity, Malignancy, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Early Detection of Cancer, Retrospective Studies, Hyperplasia, business.industry, Optical Imaging, Disease progression, Cancer, Retrospective cohort study, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Autofluorescence, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, Dysplasia, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Disease Progression, Mouth Neoplasms, Histopathology, Radiology, business, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) must undergo regular clinical surveillance to ensure that any progression to malignancy is detected promptly. Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) is an optical modality that can assist clinicians in detecting early cancers and high-grade dysplasia. Patients with OPMD undergoing surveillance for the development of oral cancer were examined using AFI at successive clinic visits. Autofluorescence images acquired at 133 clinical visits from sites in 15 patients who met inclusion criteria were analyzed quantitatively using an algorithm to calculate the red-to-green pixel intensity (RG ratio). A quantitative AFI threshold for high risk of progression was defined based on the RG ratio and was compared with expert clinical impression and with histopathology when available. Patients were divided into two groups based on their endpoint: surveillance (n = 6) or surgery (n = 9). In the surveillance group, 0 of 6 (0%) of patients were clinically identified as high risk for progression prior to the study endpoint, whereas 1 of 6 (17%) of patients were deemed at high risk for progression based on AFI during the same time period. In the surgery group, 9 of 9 (100%) of patients were clinically identified as high risk prior to the study endpoint, whereas 8 of 9 (89%) of patients were at high risk for progression based on AFI during the same time period. AFI results tracked over time were comparable with expert clinical impression in these patient groups. AFI has the potential to aid clinicians in noninvasively monitoring oral precancer and evaluating OPMDs that require increased surveillance.
Published: 2019

18. Prospective evaluation of oral premalignant lesions using a multimodal imaging system: a pilot study

Author: Imran Vohra, Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Jessica Rodriguez, Eric C. Yang, Katelin D. Cherry, Hawraa Badaoui, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Michelle D. Williams, Richard A. Schwarz, Ann M. Gillenwater, and Justin Jacob
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, Pilot Projects, Physical examination, Multimodal Imaging, 01 natural sciences, oral lesion, Prospective evaluation, System a, 010309 optics, optical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optical imaging, prevention, image analysis, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, cancer, Humans, Prospective Studies, Moderate Dysplasia, Multimodal imaging, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cancer, Original Articles, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Otorhinolaryngology, Dysplasia, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Original Article, Radiology, business, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Background Multimodal optical imaging, incorporating reflectance and fluorescence modalities, is a promising tool to detect oral premalignant lesions in real‐time. Methods Images were acquired from 171 sites in 66 patient visits for clinical evaluation of oral lesions. An automated algorithm was used to classify lesions as high‐ or low‐risk for neoplasia. Biopsies were acquired at clinically indicated sites and those classified as high‐risk by imaging, at the surgeon's discretion. Results Twenty sites were biopsied based on clinical examination or imaging. Of these, 12 were indicated clinically and by imaging; 58% were moderate dysplasia or worse. Four biopsies were indicated by imaging evaluation only; 75% were moderate dysplasia or worse. Finally, four biopsies were indicated by clinical evaluation only; 75% were moderate dysplasia or worse. Conclusion Multimodal imaging identified more cases of high‐grade dysplasia than clinical evaluation, and can improve detection of high grade precancer in patients with oral lesions.
Published: 2019

19. Development of a cytology-based multivariate analytical risk index for oral cancer

Author: Michael P. McRae, Rameez Raja, John T. McDevitt, Robert James, Martin H. Thornhill, Spencer W. Redding, Pierre N. Floriano, A. Ross Kerr, Tim Abram, and Nadarajah Vigneswaran
Subjects: Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate statistics, Biopsy, Cytodiagnosis, Risk Assessment, Article, Malignant transformation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Internal medicine, Risk index, Cytology, medicine, Humans, Pairwise coupling, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Neoplasm Staging, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Cancer, medicine.disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Multivariate Analysis, Mouth Neoplasms, Neoplasm Grading, Oral Surgery, Risk assessment, business
Abstract: Objectives The diagnosis and management of oral cavity cancers are often complicated by the uncertainty of which patients will undergo malignant transformation, obligating close surveillance over time. However, serial biopsies are undesirable, highly invasive, and subject to inherent issues with poor inter-pathologist agreement and unpredictability as a surrogate for malignant transformation and clinical outcomes. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a Multivariate Analytical Risk Index for Oral Cancer (MARIO) with potential to provide non-invasive, sensitive, and quantitative risk assessments for monitoring lesion progression. Materials and methods A series of predictive models were developed and validated using previously recorded single-cell data from oral cytology samples resulting in a “continuous risk score”. Model development consisted of: (1) training base classification models for each diagnostic class pair, (2) pairwise coupling to obtain diagnostic class probabilities, and (3) a weighted aggregation resulting in a continuous MARIO. Results and conclusions Diagnostic accuracy based on optimized cut-points for the test dataset ranged from 76.0% for Benign, to 82.4% for Dysplastic, 89.6% for Malignant, and 97.6% for Normal controls for an overall MARIO accuracy of 72.8%. Furthermore, a strong positive relationship with diagnostic severity was demonstrated (Pearson’s coefficient = 0.805 for test dataset) as well as the ability of the MARIO to respond to subtle changes in cell composition. The development of a continuous MARIO for PMOL is presented, resulting in a sensitive, accurate, and non-invasive method with potential for enabling monitoring disease progression, recurrence, and the need for therapeutic intervention of these lesions.
Published: 2019

20. Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: An Expert Consensus Guideline for Standardized Assessment and Reporting

Author: Elizabeth A. Bilodeau, Mary S. Richardson, Bibianna Purgina, Haresh Mani, Bruce M. Wenig, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Susan Muller, Lester D.R. Thompson, Sarah G. Fitzpatrick, Jasbir D. Upadhyaya, James S. Lewis, Indraneel Bhattacharyya, Marino E. Leon, Roman Carlos, Sook-Bin Woo, Mitra Mehrad, Mark W. Lingen, Donald M. Cohen, Mohammed N. Islam, Kelly R. Magliocca, and Ellen Eisenberg
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Standardized test, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Lesion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Oral and maxillofacial pathology, Biopsy, Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, medicine, Humans, Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Original Paper, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Expert consensus, Guideline, medicine.disease, Dermatology, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, Otorhinolaryngology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Pathology, Oral, medicine.symptom, Leukoplakia, Oral, business
Abstract: The many diverse terms used to describe the wide spectrum of changes seen in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) have resulted in disparate clinical management. The objective of this study was to produce an expert consensus guideline for standardized assessment and reporting by pathologists diagnosing PVL related lesions. 299 biopsies from 84 PVL patients from six institutions were selected from patients who had multifocal oral leukoplakic lesions identified over several years (a minimum follow-up period of 36 months). The lesions demonstrated the spectrum of histologic features described in PVL, and in some cases, patients developed oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). An expert working group of oral and maxillofacial and head and neck pathologists reviewed microscopic features in a rigorous fashion, in combination with review of clinical photographs when available. The working group then selected 43 single slide biopsy cases for whole slide digital imaging (WSI) review by members of the consensus conference. The digital images were then reviewed in two surveys separated by a washout period of at least 90 days. Five non-PVL histologic mimics were included as controls. Cases were re-evaluated during a consensus conference with 19 members reporting on the cases. The best inter-observer diagnostic agreement relative to PVL lesions were classified as “corrugated ortho(para)hyperkeratotic lesion, not reactive” and “SCC” (chi-square p = 0.015). There was less than moderate agreement (kappa 0.41 kappa) for 35 of 48 cases. This expert consensus guideline has been developed with support and endorsement from the leadership of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and the North American Society of Head and Neck Pathologists to recommend the use of standardized histopathologic criteria and descriptive terminology to indicate three categories of lesions within PVL: (1) “corrugated ortho(para)hyperkeratotic lesion, not reactive;” (2) “bulky hyperkeratotic epithelial proliferation, not reactive;” and (3) “suspicious for,” or “squamous cell carcinoma.” Classification of PVL lesions based on a combination of clinical findings and these histologic descriptive categories is encouraged in order to standardize reporting, aid in future research and potentially guide clinical management.
Published: 2020

21. Algorithm to quantify nuclear features and confidence intervals for classification of oral neoplasia from high-resolution optical images

Author: Imran Vohra, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Richard A. Schwarz, Ann M. Gillenwater, David Brenes, Michelle D. Williams, Rebecca Richards-Kortum, and Eric C. Yang
Subjects: Paper, Contextual image classification, business.industry, Interval (mathematics), Image segmentation, oral cancer, Convolutional neural network, Computer-Aided Diagnosis, semantic segmentation, Confidence interval, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Range (mathematics), 0302 clinical medicine, Feature (computer vision), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, microscopy, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical diagnosis, parameter estimation, business, Algorithm
Abstract: Purpose: In vivo optical imaging technologies like high-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) can image nuclei of the oral epithelium. In principle, automated algorithms can then calculate nuclear features to distinguish neoplastic from benign tissue. However, images frequently contain regions without visible nuclei, due to biological and technical factors, decreasing the data available to and accuracy of image analysis algorithms. Approach: We developed the nuclear density-confidence interval (ND-CI) algorithm to determine if an HRME image contains sufficient nuclei for classification, or if a better image is required. The algorithm uses a convolutional neural network to exclude image regions without visible nuclei. Then the remaining regions are used to estimate a confidence interval (CI) for the number of abnormal nuclei per mm 2 , a feature used by a previously developed algorithm (called the ND algorithm), to classify images as benign or neoplastic. The range of the CI determines whether the ND-CI algorithm can classify an image with confidence, and if so, the predicted category. The ND and ND-CI algorithm were compared by calculating their positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) on 82 oral biopsies with histopathologically confirmed diagnoses. Results: After excluding the images that could not be classified with confidence, the ND-CI algorithm had higher PPV (65% versus 59%) and NPV (78% versus 75%) than the ND algorithm. Conclusions: The ND-CI algorithm could improve the real-time classification of HRME images of the oral epithelium by informing the user if an improved image is required for diagnosis.
Published: 2020

22. Diagnosis of oral mucosal inflammatory and ulcerative diseases

Author: Susan Muller and Nadarajah Vigneswaran
Subjects: Marketing, Pharmacology, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Orofacial pain, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Strategy and Management, Pharmaceutical Science, Physical examination, Periodontium, Dermatology, digestive system diseases, stomatognathic diseases, Review of systems, Drug Discovery, Biopsy, Medicine, Medical history, Medical diagnosis, medicine.symptom, business, Direct fluorescent antibody
Abstract: Orofacial pain is one of the most common patient complaint encountered in dental practices. After infectious diseases of the teeth and periodontium, oral ulcerative diseases represent one of the most common cause for dental patients presenting with orofacial pain. Oral inflammatory and ulcerative diseases may have similar clinical appearances with different etiopathogenesis that include traumatic, infectious, immunologic and neoplastic origin. Empirical therapy of oral ulcerative and inflammatory diseases without a specific diagnosis is not effective and has unintended consequences. Diagnostic evaluation of oral mucosal inflammatory and ulcerative diseases includes a detailed dental and medical history, review of systems, clinical examination and incisional biopsy in selected cases. Diagnosis of oral ulcerative diseases begins by determining three important features necessary to distinguish oral ulcers of different etiopathogenesis. The most important is whether the patient presents with a single, or solitary, ulcer, or whether there are multiple ulcers present. The second important distinguishing feature is whether the patient is experiencing a first ulcer episode or one of many recurrences. Finally, it is helpful to determine the duration of ulceration. Ulcers present for less than three weeks are considered acute, whereas those lasting over three weeks are considered chronic in nature. Table 7 provides the array of potential diagnoses for oral ulcerative diseases based on these diagnostic criteria. When a patient with oral ulceration does not benefit from initial therapy chosen on the basis of clinical presentation, an incisional biopsy is indicated for histopathologic evaluation and direct immunofluorescence testing if vesiculoerosive diseases are suspected. To optimize an accurate pathology diagnosis, clinicians should ensure that biopsy specimens are properly obtained from clinically affected but non-ulcerated mucosa and promptly submitted to the pathologic laboratory, preferably before the institution of any immunomodulating therapy.
Published: 2020

23. Pharmacologic treatment of oral mucosal inflammatory and ulcerative diseases

Author: Nadarajah Vigneswaran and Susan Muller
Subjects: Marketing, Pharmacology, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, medicine.medical_specialty, Pemphigoid, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Strategy and Management, Pharmaceutical Science, medicine.disease, Antimicrobial, Pharmacological treatment, Pemphigus, Quality of life (healthcare), Ulcerative Stomatitis, Drug Discovery, medicine, Corticosteroid, Erythema multiforme, Intensive care medicine, business
Abstract: The clinical course of oral mucosal inflammatory and ulcerative diseases can range from being self-limiting to potentially life threatening. Effective management of these diseases is essential to improve overall health and quality of life. Pharmacologic therapy plays an important role in the efficient treatment of oral mucosal inflammatory and ulcerative diseases. Therapeutic choices should be patient centered and evidenced based on the diagnosis of the disorder. Treatment regimens depend on the severity and extent of the oral mucosal involvement. Clinician should select the appropriate treatment, weighing the risks and benefits of different treatment approaches. Antimicrobial agents and immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroid are the two major classes of drugs used in the management of oral ulcerative stomatitis. These drugs should not be used empirically without obtaining an accurate diagnosis.
Published: 2020

24. Integrated Multimodal Optical Imaging for Automated Real-Time Clinical Evaluation of Oral Lesions

Author: Imran Vohra, Hawraa Badaoui, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Richard A. Schwarz, Ann M. Gillenwater, Michelle D. Williams, Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Eric C. Yang, and Melody T. Tan
Subjects: Clinical study, Multimodal imaging, Autofluorescence, Optical imaging, business.industry, White light, Endomicroscopy, Medicine, business, Clinical evaluation, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Preliminary results are presented from a clinical study in which an integrated multimodal optical imaging system (combining autofluorescence imaging and high-resolution microendoscopy) is used for real-time automated in vivo evaluation of oral lesions.
Published: 2020

25. Clinical Pathologic Conference Case 5

Author: Ashley N. Clark, Sylvia Hsu, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Molly Housley Smith, and Diana Bell
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Dentistry (miscellaneous), Surgery, Oral Surgery, business, Dermatology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Published: 2018

26. Risk Stratification of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Fanconi Anemia Patients Using Autofluorescence Imaging and Cytology-On-A Chip Assay

Author: Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Jeffrey N. Myers, Rameez Raja, Cynthia Meena, Alexander K. Lang, Amin M. Alousi, Ann M. Gillenwater, John T. McDevitt, Curtis R. Pickering, Tim Abram, and Nancy Bass
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, lcsh:RC254-282, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fanconi anemia, Cytology, Internal medicine, TP63, medicine, business.industry, Bone marrow failure, medicine.disease, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, 3. Good health, Leukemia, Autofluorescence, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, FAT1
Abstract: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a hereditary genomic instability disorder with a predisposition to leukemia and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) facilitates cure of bone marrow failure and leukemia and thus extends life expectancy in FA patients; however, survival of hematologic malignancies increases the risk of OSCC in these patients. We developed a "cytology-on-a-chip" (COC)-based brush biopsy assay for monitoring patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Using this COC assay, we measured and correlated the cellular morphometry and Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 (MCM2) expression levels in brush biopsy samples of FA patients' OPMD with clinical risk indicators such as loss of autofluorescence (LOF), HSCT status, and mutational profiles identified by next-generation sequencing. Statistically significant differences were found in several cytology measurements based on high-risk indicators such as LOF-positive and HSCT-positive status, including greater variation in cell area and chromatin distribution, higher MCM2 expression levels, and greater numbers of white blood cells and cells with enlarged nuclei. Higher OPMD risk scores were associated with differences in the frequency of nuclear aberrations and differed based on LOF and HSCT statuses. We identified mutation of FAT1 gene in five and NOTCH-2 and TP53 genes in two cases of FA patients' OPMD. The high-risk OPMD of a non-FA patient harbored FAT1, CASP8, and TP63 mutations. Use of COC assay in combination with visualization of LOF holds promise for the early diagnosis of high-risk OPMD. These minimally invasive diagnostic tools are valuable for long-term surveillance of OSCC in FA patients and avoidance of unwarranted scalpel biopsies.
Published: 2018

27. Noninvasive diagnostic adjuncts for the evaluation of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions: current limitations and future directions

Author: Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Eric C. Yang, Ann M. Gillenwater, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Richard A. Schwarz, and Melody T. Tan
Subjects: Diagnostic Imaging, medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, Article, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optical coherence tomography, Risk Factors, Medical imaging, Medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Dentistry (miscellaneous), Early Detection of Cancer, Point of care, Leukoplakia, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Diagnosis, Oral, 030206 dentistry, Gold standard (test), medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Autofluorescence, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Dysplasia, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Erythroplasia, Disease Progression, Surgery, Mouth Neoplasms, Radiology, Oral Surgery, Leukoplakia, Oral, business, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: Potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions (PPOELs) are a group of clinically suspicious conditions, of which a small percentage will undergo malignant transformation. PPOELs are suboptimally diagnosed and managed under the current standard of care. Dysplasia is the most well-established marker to distinguish high-risk PPOELs from low-risk PPOELs, and performing a biopsy to establish dysplasia is the diagnostic gold standard. However, a biopsy is limited by morbidity, resource requirements, and the potential for underdiagnosis. Diagnostic adjuncts may help clinicians better evaluate PPOELs before definitive biopsy, but existing adjuncts, such as toluidine blue, acetowhitening, and autofluorescence imaging, have poor accuracy and are not generally recommended. Recently, in vivo microscopy technologies, such as high-resolution microendoscopy, optical coherence tomography, reflectance confocal microscopy, and multiphoton imaging, have shown promise for improving PPOEL patient care. These technologies allow clinicians to visualize many of the same microscopic features used for histopathologic assessment at the point of care.
Published: 2018

28. Pharmacologic Management of Oral Mucosal Inflammatory and Ulcerative Diseases

Author: Nadarajah Vigneswaran and Susan Muller
Published: 2019

29. Oral and maxillofacial pathology: Case of the month: Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer

Author: Alexander, Williams, Shelley L, Seidel, and Nadarajah, Vigneswaran
Subjects: Diagnosis, Differential, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Biopsy, Maxilla, Humans, Female, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, Oral Ulcer, Aged
Published: 2018

30. In Vivo Multimodal Optical Imaging: Improved Detection of Oral Dysplasia in Low-Risk Oral Mucosal Lesions

Author: Eric C. Yang, Ann M. Gillenwater, Hawraa Badaoui, Nancy Bass, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Richard A. Schwarz, Katelin D. Cherry, Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Michelle D. Williams, Alexander K. Lang, and Imran Vohra
Subjects: Oral Dysplasia, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Cancer, 030206 dentistry, Gold standard (test), medicine.disease, Article, Clinical trial, 03 medical and health sciences, stomatognathic diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, Dysplasia, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Histopathology, Radiology, business, Moderate Dysplasia
Abstract: Early detection of oral cancer and oral premalignant lesions (OPL) containing dysplasia could improve oral cancer outcomes. However, general dental practitioners have difficulty distinguishing dysplastic OPLs from confounder oral mucosal lesions in low-risk populations. We evaluated the ability of two optical imaging technologies, autofluorescence imaging (AFI) and high-resolution microendoscopy (HRME), to diagnose moderate dysplasia or worse (ModDys+) in 56 oral mucosal lesions in a low-risk patient population, using histopathology as the gold standard, and in 46 clinically normal sites. AFI correctly diagnosed 91% of ModDys+ lesions, 89% of clinically normal sites, and 33% of benign lesions. Benign lesions with severe inflammation were less likely to be correctly diagnosed by AFI (13%) than those without (42%). Multimodal imaging (AFI+HRME) had higher accuracy than either modality alone; 91% of ModDys+ lesions, 93% of clinically normal sites, and 64% of benign lesions were correctly diagnosed. Photos of the 56 lesions were evaluated by 28 dentists of varied training levels, including 26 dental residents. We compared the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of clinical impression alone to clinical impression plus AFI and clinical impression plus multimodal imaging using k-Nearest Neighbors models. The mean AUC of the dental residents was 0.71 (range: 0.45–0.86). The addition of AFI alone to clinical impression slightly lowered the mean AUC (0.68; range: 0.40–0.82), whereas the addition of multimodal imaging to clinical impression increased the mean AUC (0.79; range: 0.61–0.90). On the basis of these findings, multimodal imaging could improve the evaluation of oral mucosal lesions in community dental settings. Cancer Prev Res; 11(8); 465–76. ©2018 AACR.
Published: 2018

31. Paraneoplastic pemphigus without antibodies to desmoglein 1 and 3

Author: Kelsey, Flood, Christopher, Stroud, Zelmira, Lazarov, Nadarajah, Vigneswaran, and Sylvia, Hsu
Subjects: Diagnosis, Differential, Desmoglein 2, Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Abdominal Neoplasms, Desmoglein 1, Positron-Emission Tomography, Humans, Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular, Female, Middle Aged, Pemphigus
Abstract: Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a severe autoimmune blistering disease presenting in the setting of underlying malignancy. Paraneoplastic pemphigus is associated with diffuse painful stomatitis throughout the oral cavity with extension to the lips. The cutaneous findings are varied and have been described as lichenoid, pemphigoid, and targetoid lesions. Herein, we report a patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus whose routine testing led to a diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris. However, further testing was pursued revealing an antibody profile consistent with paraneoplastic pemphigus. Subsequent neoplastic workup revealed an intra-abdominal mass. Our case represents a subtle, non-classic presentation of paraneoplastic pemphigus and suggests the importance of a comprehensive investigative work-up in atypical cases of pemphigus.
Published: 2018

32. Noninvasive Autofluorescence Imaging for Tracking and Monitoring the Progression of Oral Premalignant Lesions

Author: Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Katelin D. Cherry, Eric C. Yang, Hawraa Badaoui, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Richard A. Schwarz, Ann M. Gillenwater, and Michelle D. Williams
Subjects: Autofluorescence, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Radiology, Tracking (particle physics), business
Published: 2018

33. Large Draining Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia Secondary to Periapical Granuloma

Author: M. A. Couey, Cleverick D Johnson, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, and Ezinne I Ogbureke
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Unusual case, Periapical radiolucency, business.industry, Fistula, 0206 medical engineering, Periapical Granuloma, Sequela, Case Report, RK1-715, 030206 dentistry, 02 engineering and technology, medicine.disease, 020601 biomedical engineering, Fibrous hyperplasia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, stomatognathic system, Dentistry, medicine, Pulpal necrosis, business, General Dentistry, Pathological
Abstract: Periapical granuloma is a pathological diagnosis associated clinically and radiographically with a nonvital tooth and a periapical radiolucency, respectively. It is frequently seen as a sequela of long-standing pulpal necrosis. Often times, a draining fistula is observed near the nonvital tooth. We report an unusual case of a large draining focal fibrous hyperplasia in association with a large periapical granuloma treated at our clinic. The diagnosis was made by the clinical presentation, radiologic and histopathologic findings.
Published: 2018

34. Paraneoplastic pemphigus without antibodies to desmoglein 1 and

Author: Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Kelsey Flood, Christopher M Stroud, Sylvia Hsu, and Zelmira Lazarov
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pemphigoid, integumentary system, business.industry, Pemphigus vulgaris, paraneoplastic pemphigus, stomatitis, desmoglein, desmoglein compensation theory, Dermatology, General Medicine, Malignancy, medicine.disease, Desmoglein, 03 medical and health sciences, Pemphigus, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Paraneoplastic pemphigus, immune system diseases, Desmoglein 1, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, business, Stomatitis
Abstract: Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a severe autoimmune blistering disease presenting in the setting of underlying malignancy. Paraneoplastic pemphigus is associated with diffuse painful stomatitis throughout the oral cavity with extension to the lips. The cutaneous findings are varied and have been described as lichenoid, pemphigoid, and targetoid lesions. Herein, we report a patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus whose routine testing led to a diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris. However, further testing was pursued revealing an antibody profile consistent with paraneoplastic pemphigus. Subsequent neoplastic workup revealed an intra-abdominal mass. Our case represents a subtle, non-classic presentation of paraneoplastic pemphigus and suggests the importance of a comprehensive investigative work-up in atypical cases of pemphigus.
Published: 2018

35. CD147 and Ki-67 overexpression confers poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue: A tissue microarray study

Author: Jose Andre Morales, Yau Hua Yu, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Adel K. El-Naggar, Lei Feng, and J. Jack Lee
Subjects: Adult, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Article, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Metastasis, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Dentistry (miscellaneous), Survival rate, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Glucose Transporter Type 1, Tissue microarray, biology, business.industry, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, CD44, Cancer, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Tongue Neoplasms, Survival Rate, Hyaluronan Receptors, Ki-67 Antigen, Tissue Array Analysis, Ki-67, Basigin, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, biology.protein, Biomarker (medicine), Female, Surgery, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Oral Surgery, business, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Objective Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) exhibits high risk for recurrence and regional metastasis even after surgical resection. We assessed the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of a group of functionally related biomarkers. Study Design We used a tissue microarray consisting of SCCOT from 32 patients for this study. These patients were treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1995 to 2008. Biomarker expression levels were examined by immunohistochemistry and graded semiquantitatively to determine their prognostic significance. Results CD147 and Tp63 expressions were significantly associated with a higher T stage and Ki-67 labeling index, as well as a shorter overall survival (OS) rate. Expression of Tp63 associated positively with poorly differentiated histology. There was significant association of Tp63 with the expression levels of CD147 and Glut-1. Glut-1 overexpression was marginally associated with a higher T stage. There was no prognostic significance of CD44 v6 expression in SCCOT. Conclusion SCCOT with CD147 overexpression in combination with high Ki-67 labeling index had poor OS. CD147 and Ki-67 overexpression is associated with aggressive disease with poor prognosis in SCCOT.
Published: 2015

36. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Author: Daniel J. Klionsky, Kotb Abdelmohsen, Akihisa Abe, Md Joynal Abedin, Hagai Abeliovich, Abraham Acevedo Arozena, Hiroaki Adachi, Christopher M. Adams, Peter D. Adams, Khosrow Adeli, Peter J. Adhihetty, Sharon G. Adler, Galila Agam, Rajesh Agarwal, Manish K. Aghi, Maria Agnello, Patrizia Agostinis, Patricia V. Aguilar, Julio Aguirre Ghiso, Edoardo M. Airoldi, Slimane Ait Si Ali, Takahiko Akematsu, Emmanuel T. Akporiaye, Mohamed Al Rubeai, Guillermo M. Albaiceta, Chris Albanese, Diego Albani, Matthew L. Albert, Jesus Aldudo, Hana Algül, Mehrdad Alirezaei, Iraide Alloza, Alexandru Almasan, Maylin Almonte Beceril, Emad S. Alnemri, Covadonga Alonso, Nihal Altan Bonnet, Dario C. Altieri, Silvia Alvarez, Lydia Alvarez Erviti, Sandro Alves, Giuseppina Amadoro, Atsuo Amano, Consuelo Amantini, Santiago Ambrosio, Ivano Amelio, Amal O. Amer, Mohamed Amessou, Angelika Amon, Zhenyi An, Frank A. Anania, Stig U. Andersen, Usha P. Andley, Catherine K. Andreadi, Nathalie Andrieu Abadie, Alberto Anel, David K. Ann, Shailendra Anoopkumar Dukie, Manuela Antonioli, Hiroshi Aoki, Nadezda Apostolova, Saveria Aquila, Katia Aquilano, Koichi Araki, Eli Arama, Agustin Aranda, Jun Araya, Alexandre Arcaro, Esperanza Arias, Hirokazu Arimoto, Aileen R. Ariosa, Jane L. Armstrong, Thierry Arnould, Ivica Arsov, Katsuhiko Asanuma, Valerie Askanas, Eric Asselin, Ryuichiro Atarashi, Sally S. Atherton, Julie D. Atkin, Laura D. Attardi, Patrick Auberger, Georg Auburger, Laure Aurelian, Riccardo Autelli, Laura Avagliano, Maria Laura Avantaggiati, Limor Avrahami, Suresh Awale, Neelam Azad, Tiziana Bachetti, Jonathan M. Backer, Dong Hun Bae, Jae sung Bae, Ok Nam Bae, Soo Han Bae, Eric H. Baehrecke, Seung Hoon Baek, Stephen Baghdiguian, Agnieszka Bagniewska Zadworna, Hua Bai, Jie Bai, Xue Yuan Bai, Yannick Bailly, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy Balaji, Walter Balduini, Andrea Ballabio, Rena Balzan, Rajkumar Banerjee, Gábor Bánhegyi, Haijun Bao, Benoit Barbeau, Maria D. Barrachina, Esther Barreiro, Bonnie Bartel, Alberto Bartolomé, Diane C. Bassham, Maria Teresa Bassi, Robert C. Bast Jr, Alakananda Basu, Maria Teresa Batista, Henri Batoko, Maurizio Battino, Kyle Bauckman, Bradley L. Baumgarner, K. Ulrich Bayer, Rupert Beale, Jean François Beaulieu, George R. Beck Jr, Christoph Becker, J. David Beckham, Pierre André Bédard, Patrick J. Bednarski, Thomas J. Begley, Christian Behl, Christian Behrends, Georg MN Behrens, Kevin E. Behrns, Eloy Bejarano, Amine Belaid, Francesca Belleudi, Giovanni Bénard, Guy Berchem, Daniele Bergamaschi, Matteo Bergami, Ben Berkhout, Laura Berliocchi, Amélie Bernard, Monique Bernard, Francesca Bernassola, Anne Bertolotti, Amanda S. Bess, Sébastien Besteiro, Saverio Bettuzzi, Savita Bhalla, Shalmoli Bhattacharyya, Sujit K. Bhutia, Caroline Biagosch, Michele Wolfe Bianchi, Martine Biard Piechaczyk, Viktor Billes, Claudia Bincoletto, Baris Bingol, Sara W. Bird, Marc Bitoun, Ivana Bjedov, Craig Blackstone, Lionel Blanc, Guillermo A. Blanco, Heidi Kiil Blomhoff, Emilio Boada Romero, Stefan Böckler, Marianne Boes, Kathleen Boesze Battaglia, Lawrence H. Boise, Alessandra Bolino, Andrea Boman, Paolo Bonaldo, Matteo Bordi, Jürgen Bosch, Luis M. Botana, Joelle Botti, German Bou, Marina Bouché, Marion Bouchecareilh, Marie Josée Boucher, Michael E. Boulton, Sebastien G. Bouret, Patricia Boya, Michaël Boyer Guittaut, Peter V. Bozhkov, Nathan Brady, Vania MM Braga, Claudio Brancolini, Gerhard H. Braus, José M. Bravo San Pedro, Lisa A. Brennan, Emery H. Bresnick, Patrick Brest, Dave Bridges, MarieAgnès Bringer, Marisa Brini, Glauber C. Brito, Bertha Brodin, Paul S. Brookes, Eric J. Brown, Karen Brown, Hal E. Broxmeyer, Alain Bruhat, Patricia Chakur Brum, John H. Brumell, Nicola Brunetti Pierri, Robert J. Bryson Richardson, Shilpa Buch, Alastair M. Buchan, Hikmet Budak, Dmitry V. Bulavin, Scott J. Bultman, Geert Bultynck, Vladimir Bumbasirevic, Yan Burelle, Robert E. Burke, Margit Burmeister, Peter Bütikofer, Laura Caberlotto, Ken Cadwell, Monika Cahova, Dongsheng Cai, Jingjing Cai, Qian Cai, Sara Calatayud, Nadine Camougrand, Michelangelo Campanella, Grant R. Campbell, Matthew Campbell, Silvia Campello, Robin Candau, Isabella Caniggia, Lavinia Cantoni, Lizhi Cao, Allan B. Caplan, Michele Caraglia, Claudio Cardinali, Sandra Morais Cardoso, Jennifer S. Carew, Laura A. Carleton, Cathleen R. Carlin, Silvia Carloni, Sven R. Carlsson, Didac Carmona Gutierrez, Leticia AM Carneiro, Oliana Carnevali, Serena Carra, Alice Carrier, Bernadette Carroll, Caty Casas, Josefina Casas, Giuliana Cassinelli, Perrine Castets, Susana Castro Obregon, Gabriella Cavallini, Isabella Ceccherini, Francesco Cecconi, Arthur I. Cederbaum, Valentín Ceña, Simone Cenci, Claudia Cerella, Davide Cervia, CETRULLO, SILVIA, Hassan Chaachouay, Han Jung Chae, Andrei S. Chagin, Chee Yin Chai, Gopal Chakrabarti, Georgios Chamilos, Edmond YW Chan, Matthew TV Chan, Dhyan Chandra, Pallavi Chandra, Chih Peng Chang, Raymond Chuen Chung Chang, Ta Yuan Chang, John C. Chatham, Saurabh Chatterjee, Santosh Chauhan, Yongsheng Che, Michael E. Cheetham, Rajkumar Cheluvappa, Chun Jung Chen, Gang Chen, Guang Chao Chen, Guoqiang Chen, Hongzhuan Chen, Jeff W. Chen, Jian Kang Chen, Min Chen, Mingzhou Chen, Peiwen Chen, Qi Chen, Quan Chen, Shang Der Chen, Si Chen, Steve S. L. Chen, Wei Chen, Wei Jung Chen, Wen Qiang Chen, Wenli Chen, Xiangmei Chen, Yau Hung Chen, Ye Guang Chen, Yin Chen, Yingyu Chen, Yongshun Chen, Yu Jen Chen, Yue Qin Chen, Yujie Chen, Zhen Chen, Zhong Chen, Alan Cheng, Christopher HK Cheng, Hua Cheng, Heesun Cheong, Sara Cherry, Jason Chesney, Chun Hei Antonio Cheung, Eric Chevet, Hsiang Cheng Chi, Sung Gil Chi, Fulvio Chiacchiera, Hui Ling Chiang, Roberto Chiarelli, Mario Chiariello, Marcello Chieppa, Lih Shen Chin, Mario Chiong, Gigi NC Chiu, Dong Hyung Cho, Ssang Goo Cho, William C. Cho, Yong Yeon Cho, Young Seok Cho, Augustine MK Choi, Eui Ju Choi, Eun Kyoung Choi, Jayoung Choi, Mary E. Choi, Seung Il Choi, Tsui Fen Chou, Salem Chouaib, Divaker Choubey, Vinay Choubey, Kuan Chih Chow, Kamal Chowdhury, Charleen T. Chu, Tsung Hsien Chuang, Taehoon Chun, Hyewon Chung, Taijoon Chung, Yuen Li Chung, Yong Joon Chwae, Valentina Cianfanelli, Roberto Ciarcia, Iwona A. Ciechomska, Maria Rosa Ciriolo, Mara Cirone, Sofie Claerhout, Michael J. Clague, Joan Clària, Peter GH Clarke, Robert Clarke, Emilio Clementi, Cédric Cleyrat, Miriam Cnop, Eliana M. Coccia, Tiziana Cocco, Patrice Codogno, Jörn Coers, Ezra EW Cohen, David Colecchia, Luisa Coletto, Núria S. Coll, Emma Colucci Guyon, Sergio Comincini, Maria Condello, Katherine L. Cook, Graham H. Coombs, Cynthia D. Cooper, J. Mark Cooper, Isabelle Coppens, Maria Tiziana Corasaniti, Marco Corazzari, Ramon Corbalan, Elisabeth Corcelle Termeau, Mario D. Cordero, Cristina Corral Ramos, Olga Corti, Andrea Cossarizza, Paola Costelli, Safia Costes, Susan L. Cotman, Ana Coto Montes, Sandra Cottet, Eduardo Couve, Lori R. Covey, L. Ashley Cowart, Jeffery S. Cox, Fraser P. Coxon, Carolyn B. Coyne, Mark S. Cragg, Rolf J. Craven, Tiziana Crepaldi, Jose L. Crespo, Alfredo Criollo, Valeria Crippa, Maria Teresa Cruz, Ana Maria Cuervo, Jose M. Cuezva, Taixing Cui, Pedro R. Cutillas, Mark J. Czaja, Maria F. Czyzyk Krzeska, Ruben K. Dagda, Uta Dahmen, Chunsun Dai, Wenjie Dai, Yun Dai, Kevin N. Dalby, Luisa Dalla Valle, Guillaume Dalmasso, Marcello D'Amelio, Markus Damme, Arlette Darfeuille Michaud, Catherine Dargemont, Victor M. Darley Usmar, Srinivasan Dasarathy, Biplab Dasgupta, Srikanta Dash, Crispin R. Dass, Hazel Marie Davey, Lester M. Davids, David Dávila, Roger J. Davis, Ted M. Dawson, Valina L. Dawson, Paula Daza, Jackie de Belleroche, Paul de Figueiredo, Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo, José de la Fuente, Luisa De Martino, Antonella De Matteis, Guido RY De Meyer, Angelo De Milito, Mauro De Santi, Wanderley de Souza, Vincenzo De Tata, Daniela De Zio, Jayanta Debnath, Reinhard Dechant, Jean Paul Decuypere, Shane Deegan, Benjamin Dehay, Barbara Del Bello, Dominic P. Del Re, Régis Delage Mourroux, Lea MD Delbridge, Louise Deldicque, Elizabeth Delorme Axford, Yizhen Deng, Joern Dengjel, Melanie Denizot, Paul Dent, Channing J. Der, Vojo Deretic, Benoît Derrien, Eric Deutsch, Timothy P. Devarenne, Rodney J. Devenish, Sabrina Di Bartolomeo, Nicola Di Daniele, Fabio Di Domenico, Alessia Di Nardo, Simone Di Paola, Antonio Di Pietro, Livia Di Renzo, Aaron DiAntonio, Guillermo Díaz Araya, Ines Díaz Laviada, Maria T. Diaz Meco, Javier Diaz Nido, Chad A. Dickey, Robert C. Dickson, Marc Diederich, Paul Digard, Ivan Dikic, Savithrama P. Dinesh Kumar, Chan Ding, Wen Xing Ding, Zufeng Ding, Luciana Dini, Jörg HW Distler, Abhinav Diwan, Mojgan Djavaheri Mergny, Kostyantyn Dmytruk, Renwick CJ Dobson, Volker Doetsch, Karol Dokladny, Svetlana Dokudovskaya, Massimo Donadelli, X. Charlie Dong, Xiaonan Dong, Zheng Dong, Terrence M. Donohue Jr, Kelly S. Doran, Gabriella D'Orazi, Gerald W. Dorn II, Victor Dosenko, Sami Dridi, Liat Drucker, Jie Du, Li Lin Du, Lihuan Du, André du Toit, Priyamvada Dua, Lei Duan, Pu Duann, Vikash Kumar Dubey, Michael R. Duchen, Michel A. Duchosal, Helene Duez, Isabelle Dugail, Verónica I. Dumit, Mara C. Duncan, Elaine A. Dunlop, William A. Dunn Jr, Nicolas Dupont, Luc Dupuis, Raúl V. Durán, Thomas M. Durcan, Stéphane Duvezin Caubet, Umamaheswar Duvvuri, Vinay Eapen, Darius Ebrahimi Fakhari, Arnaud Echard, Leopold Eckhart, Charles L. Edelstein, Aimee L. Edinger, Ludwig Eichinger, Tobias Eisenberg, Avital Eisenberg Lerner, N. Tony Eissa, Wafik S. El Deiry, Victoria El Khoury, Zvulun Elazar, Hagit Eldar Finkelman, Chris JH Elliott, Enzo Emanuele, Urban Emmenegger, Nikolai Engedal, Anna Mart Engelbrecht, Simone Engelender, Jorrit M. Enserink, Ralf Erdmann, Jekaterina Erenpreisa, Rajaraman Eri, Jason L. Eriksen, Andreja Erman, Ricardo Escalante, Eeva Liisa Eskelinen, Lucile Espert, Lorena Esteban Martínez, Thomas J. Evans, Mario Fabri, Gemma Fabrias, Cinzia Fabrizi, Antonio Facchiano, Nils J. Færgeman, Alberto Faggioni, W. Douglas Fairlie, Chunhai Fan, Daping Fan, Jie Fan, Shengyun Fang, Manolis Fanto, Alessandro Fanzani, Thomas Farkas, Mathias Faure, Francois B. Favier, Howard Fearnhead, Massimo Federici, Erkang Fei, Tania C. Felizardo, Hua Feng, Yibin Feng, Yuchen Feng, Thomas A. Ferguson, Álvaro F. Fernández, Maite G. Fernandez Barrena, Jose C. Fernandez Checa, Arsenio Fernández López, Martin E. Fernandez Zapico, Olivier Feron, Elisabetta Ferraro, Carmen Veríssima Ferreira Halder, Laszlo Fesus, Ralph Feuer, Fabienne C. Fiesel, Eduardo C. Filippi Chiela, Giuseppe Filomeni, Gian Maria Fimia, John H. Fingert, Steven Finkbeiner, Toren Finkel, Filomena Fiorito, Paul B. Fisher, Marc Flajolet, FLAMIGNI, FLAVIO, Oliver Florey, Salvatore Florio, R. Andres Floto, Marco Folini, Carlo Follo, Edward A. Fon, Francesco Fornai, Franco Fortunato, Alessandro Fraldi, Rodrigo Franco, Arnaud Francois, Aurélie François, Lisa B. Frankel, Iain DC Fraser, Norbert Frey, Damien G. Freyssenet, Christian Frezza, Scott L. Friedman, Daniel E. Frigo, Dongxu Fu, José M. Fuentes, Juan Fueyo, Yoshio Fujitani, Yuuki Fujiwara, Mikihiro Fujiya, Mitsunori Fukuda, Simone Fulda, Carmela Fusco, Bozena Gabryel, Matthias Gaestel, Philippe Gailly, Malgorzata Gajewska, Sehamuddin Galadari, Gad Galili, Inmaculada Galindo, Maria F. Galindo, Giovanna Galliciotti, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Luca Galluzzi, Vincent Galy, Noor Gammoh, Sam Gandy, Anand K. Ganesan, Swamynathan Ganesan, Ian G. Ganley, Monique Gannagé, Fen Biao Gao, Feng Gao, Jian Xin Gao, Lorena García Nannig, Eleonora García Véscovi, Marina Garcia Macía, Carmen Garcia Ruiz, Abhishek D. Garg, Pramod Kumar Garg, Ricardo Gargini, Nils Christian Gassen, Damián Gatica, Evelina Gatti, Julie Gavard, Evripidis Gavathiotis, Liang Ge, Pengfei Ge, Shengfang Ge, Po Wu Gean, Vania Gelmetti, Armando A. Genazzani, Jiefei Geng, Pascal Genschik, Lisa Gerner, Jason E. Gestwicki, David A. Gewirtz, Saeid Ghavami, Eric Ghigo, Debabrata Ghosh, Anna Maria Giammarioli, Francesca Giampieri, Claudia Giampietri, Alexandra Giatromanolaki, Derrick J. Gibbings, Lara Gibellini, Spencer B. Gibson, Vanessa Ginet, Antonio Giordano, Flaviano Giorgini, Elisa Giovannetti, Stephen E. Girardin, Suzana Gispert, Sandy Giuliano, Candece L. Gladson, Alvaro Glavic, Martin Gleave, Nelly Godefroy, Robert M. Gogal Jr, Kuppan Gokulan, Gustavo H. Goldman, Delia Goletti, Michael S. Goligorsky, Aldrin V. Gomes, Ligia C. Gomes, Hernando Gomez, Candelaria Gomez Manzano, Rubén Gómez Sánchez, Dawit AP Gonçalves, Ebru Goncu, Qingqiu Gong, Céline Gongora, Carlos B. Gonzalez, Pedro Gonzalez Alegre, Pilar Gonzalez Cabo, Rosa Ana González Polo, Ing Swie Goping, Carlos Gorbea, Nikolai V. Gorbunov, Daphne R. Goring, Adrienne M. Gorman, Sharon M. Gorski, Sandro Goruppi, Shino Goto Yamada, Cecilia Gotor, Roberta A. Gottlieb, Illana Gozes, Devrim Gozuacik, Yacine Graba, Martin Graef, Giovanna E. Granato, Gary Dean Grant, Steven Grant, Giovanni Luca Gravina, Douglas R. Green, Alexander Greenhough, Michael T. Greenwood, Benedetto Grimaldi, Frédéric Gros, Charles Grose, Jean Francois Groulx, Florian Gruber, Paolo Grumati, Tilman Grune, Jun Lin Guan, Kun Liang Guan, Barbara Guerra, Carlos Guillen, Kailash Gulshan, Jan Gunst, Chuanyong Guo, Lei Guo, Ming Guo, Wenjie Guo, Xu Guang Guo, Andrea A. Gust, Åsa B. Gustafsson, Elaine Gutierrez, Maximiliano G. Gutierrez, Ho Shin Gwak, Albert Haas, James E. Haber, Shinji Hadano, Monica Hagedorn, David R. Hahn, Andrew J. Halayko, Anne Hamacher Brady, Kozo Hamada, Ahmed Hamai, Andrea Hamann, Maho Hamasaki, Isabelle Hamer, Qutayba Hamid, Ester M. Hammond, Feng Han, Weidong Han, James T. Handa, John A. Hanover, Malene Hansen, Masaru Harada, Ljubica Harhaji Trajkovic, J. Wade Harper, Abdel Halim Harrath, Adrian L. Harris, James Harris, Udo Hasler, Peter Hasselblatt, Kazuhisa Hasui, Robert G. Hawley, Teresa S. Hawley, Congcong He, Cynthia Y. He, Fengtian He, Gu He, Rong Rong He, Xian Hui He, You Wen He, Yu Ying He, Joan K. Heath, Marie Josée Hébert, Robert A. Heinzen, Gudmundur Vignir Helgason, Michael Hensel, Elizabeth P. Henske, Chengtao Her, Paul K. Herman, Agustín Hernández, Carlos Hernandez, Sonia Hernández Tiedra, Claudio Hetz, P. Robin Hiesinger, Katsumi Higaki, Sabine Hilfiker, Bradford G. Hill, Joseph A. Hill, William D. Hill, Keisuke Hino, Daniel Hofius, Paul Hofman, Günter U. Höglinger, Jörg Höhfeld, Marina K. Holz, Yonggeun Hong, David A. Hood, Jeroen JM Hoozemans, Thorsten Hoppe, Chin Hsu, Chin Yuan Hsu, Li Chung Hsu, Dong Hu, Guochang Hu, Hong Ming Hu, Hongbo Hu, Ming Chang Hu, Yu Chen Hu, Zhuo Wei Hu, Fang Hua, Ya Hua, Canhua Huang, Huey Lan Huang, Kuo How Huang, Kuo Yang Huang, Shile Huang, Shiqian Huang, Wei Pang Huang, Yi Ran Huang, Yong Huang, Yunfei Huang, Tobias B. Huber, Patricia Huebbe, Won Ki Huh, Juha J. Hulmi, Gang Min Hur, James H. Hurley, Zvenyslava Husak, Sabah NA Hussain, Salik Hussain, Jung Jin Hwang, Seungmin Hwang, Thomas IS Hwang, Atsuhiro Ichihara, Yuzuru Imai, Carol Imbriano, Megumi Inomata, Takeshi Into, Valentina Iovane, Juan L. Iovanna, Renato V. Iozzo, Nancy Y. Ip, Javier E. Irazoqui, Pablo Iribarren, Yoshitaka Isaka, Aleksandra J. Isakovic, Harry Ischiropoulos, Jeffrey S. Isenberg, Mohammad Ishaq, Hiroyuki Ishida, Isao Ishii, Jane E. Ishmael, Ciro Isidoro, Ken ichi Isobe, Erika Isono, Shohreh Issazadeh Navikas, Koji Itahana, Eisuke Itakura, Andrei I. Ivanov, Anand Krishnan V. Iyer, José M. Izquierdo, Yotaro Izumi, Valentina Izzo, Marja Jäättelä, Nadia Jaber, Daniel John Jackson, William T. Jackson, Tony George Jacob, Thomas S. Jacques, Chinnaswamy Jagannath, Ashish Jain, Nihar Ranjan Jana, Byoung Kuk Jang, Alkesh Jani, Bassam Janji, Paulo Roberto Jannig, Patric J. Jansson, Steve Jean, Marina Jendrach, Ju Hong Jeon, Niels Jessen, Eui Bae Jeung, Kailiang Jia, Lijun Jia, Hong Jiang, Hongchi Jiang, Liwen Jiang, Teng Jiang, Xiaoyan Jiang, Xuejun Jiang, Ying Jiang, Yongjun Jiang, Alberto Jiménez, Cheng Jin, Hongchuan Jin, Lei Jin, Meiyan Jin, Shengkan Jin, Umesh Kumar Jinwal, Eun Kyeong Jo, Terje Johansen, Daniel E. Johnson, Gail VW Johnson, James D. Johnson, Eric Jonasch, Chris Jones, Leo AB Joosten, Joaquin Jordan, Anna Maria Joseph, Bertrand Joseph, Annie M. Joubert, Dianwen Ju, Jingfang Ju, Hsueh Fen Juan, Katrin Juenemann, Gábor Juhász, Hye Seung Jung, Jae U. Jung, Yong Keun Jung, Heinz Jungbluth, Matthew J. Justice, Barry Jutten, Nadeem O. Kaakoush, Kai Kaarniranta, Allen Kaasik, Tomohiro Kabuta, Bertrand Kaeffer, Katarina Kågedal, Alon Kahana, Shingo Kajimura, Or Kakhlon, Manjula Kalia, Dhan V. Kalvakolanu, Yoshiaki Kamada, Konstantinos Kambas, Vitaliy O. Kaminskyy, Harm H. Kampinga, Mustapha Kandouz, Chanhee Kang, Rui Kang, Tae Cheon Kang, Tomotake Kanki, Thirumala Devi Kanneganti, Haruo Kanno, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy, Marc Kantorow, Maria Kaparakis Liaskos, Orsolya Kapuy, Vassiliki Karantza, Md Razaul Karim, Parimal Karmakar, Arthur Kaser, Susmita Kaushik, Thomas Kawula, A. Murat Kaynar, Po Yuan Ke, Zun Ji Ke, John H. Kehrl, Kate E. Keller, Jongsook Kim Kemper, Anne K. Kenworthy, Oliver Kepp, Andreas Kern, Santosh Kesari, David Kessel, Robin Ketteler, Isis do Carmo Kettelhut, Bilon Khambu, Muzamil Majid Khan, Vinoth KM Khandelwal, Sangeeta Khare, Juliann G. Kiang, Amy A. Kiger, Akio Kihara, Arianna L. Kim, Cheol Hyeon Kim, Deok Ryong Kim, Do Hyung Kim, Eung Kweon Kim, Hye Young Kim, Hyung Ryong Kim, Jae Sung Kim, Jeong Hun Kim, Jin Cheon Kim, Jin Hyoung Kim, Kwang Woon Kim, Michael D. Kim, Moon Moo Kim, Peter K. Kim, Seong Who Kim, Soo Youl Kim, Yong Sun Kim, Yonghyun Kim, Adi Kimchi, Alec C. Kimmelman, Tomonori Kimura, Jason S. King, Karla Kirkegaard, Vladimir Kirkin, Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum, Shuji Kishi, Yasuo Kitajima, Katsuhiko Kitamoto, Yasushi Kitaoka, Kaio Kitazato, Rudolf A. Kley, Walter T. Klimecki, Michael Klinkenberg, Jochen Klucken, Helene Knævelsrud, Erwin Knecht, Laura Knuppertz, Jiunn Liang Ko, Satoru Kobayashi, Jan C. Koch, Christelle Koechlin Ramonatxo, Ulrich Koenig, Young Ho Koh, Katja Köhler, Sepp D. Kohlwein, Masato Koike, Masaaki Komatsu, Eiki Kominami, Dexin Kong, Hee Jeong Kong, Eumorphia G. Konstantakou, Benjamin T. Kopp, Tamas Korcsmaros, Laura Korhonen, Viktor I. Korolchuk, Nadya V. Koshkina, Yanjun Kou, Michael I. Koukourakis, Constantinos Koumenis, Attila L. Kovács, Tibor Kovács, Werner J. Kovacs, Daisuke Koya, Claudine Kraft, Dimitri Krainc, Helmut Kramer, Tamara Kravic Stevovic, Wilhelm Krek, Carole Kretz Remy, Roswitha Krick, Malathi Krishnamurthy, Janos Kriston Vizi, Guido Kroemer, Michael C. Kruer, Rejko Kruger, Nicholas T. Ktistakis, Kazuyuki Kuchitsu, Christian Kuhn, Addanki Pratap Kumar, Anuj Kumar, Ashok Kumar, Deepak Kumar, Dhiraj Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Sharad Kumar, Mondira Kundu, Hsing Jien Kung, Atsushi Kuno, Sheng Han Kuo, Jeff Kuret, Tino Kurz, Terry Kwok, Taeg Kyu Kwon, Yong Tae Kwon, Irene Kyrmizi, Albert R. La Spada, Frank Lafont, Tim Lahm, Aparna Lakkaraju, Truong Lam, Trond Lamark, Steve Lancel, Terry H. Landowski, Darius JR Lane, Jon D. Lane, Cinzia Lanzi, Pierre Lapaquette, Louis R. Lapierre, Jocelyn Laporte, Johanna Laukkarinen, Gordon W. Laurie, Sergio Lavandero, Lena Lavie, Matthew J. LaVoie, Betty Yuen Kwan Law, Helen Ka wai Law, Kelsey B. Law, Robert Layfield, Pedro A. Lazo, Laurent Le Cam, Karine G. Le Roch, Hervé Le Stunff, Vijittra Leardkamolkarn, Marc Lecuit, Byung Hoon Lee, Che Hsin Lee, Erinna F. Lee, Gyun Min Lee, He Jin Lee, Hsinyu Lee, Jae Keun Lee, Jongdae Lee, Juhyun Lee, Jun Hee Lee, Michael Lee, Myung Shik Lee, Patty J. Lee, Sam W. Lee, Seung Jae Lee, Shiow Ju Lee, Stella Y. Lee, Sug Hyung Lee, Sung Sik Lee, Sung Joon Lee, Sunhee Lee, Ying Ray Lee, Yong J. Lee, Young H. Lee, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Sylvain Lefort, Renaud Legouis, Jinzhi Lei, Qun Ying Lei, David A. Leib, Gil Leibowitz, Istvan Lekli, Stéphane D. Lemaire, John J. Lemasters, Marius K. Lemberg, Antoinette Lemoine, Shuilong Leng, Guido Lenz, Paola Lenzi, Lilach O. Lerman, Daniele Lettieri Barbato, Julia I. Ju Leu, Hing Y. Leung, Beth Levine, Patrick A. Lewis, Frank Lezoualc'h, Chi Li, Faqiang Li, Feng Jun Li, Jun Li, Ke Li, Lian Li, Min Li, Qiang Li, Rui Li, Sheng Li, Wei Li, Xiaotao Li, Yumin Li, Jiqin Lian, Chengyu Liang, Qiangrong Liang, Yulin Liao, Joana Liberal, Pawel P. Liberski, Pearl Lie, Andrew P. Lieberman, Hyunjung Jade Lim, Kah Leong Lim, Kyu Lim, Raquel T. Lima, Chang Shen Lin, Chiou Feng Lin, Fang Lin, Fangming Lin, Fu Cheng Lin, Kui Lin, Kwang Huei Lin, Pei Hui Lin, Tianwei Lin, Wan Wan Lin, Yee Shin Lin, Yong Lin, Rafael Linden, Dan Lindholm, Lisa M. Lindqvist, Paul Lingor, Andreas Linkermann, Lance A. Liotta, Marta M. Lipinski, Vitor A. Lira, Michael P. Lisanti, Paloma B. Liton, Bo Liu, Chong Liu, Chun Feng Liu, Fei Liu, Hung Jen Liu, Jianxun Liu, Jing Jing Liu, Jing Lan Liu, Ke Liu, Leyuan Liu, Liang Liu, Quentin Liu, Rong Yu Liu, Shiming Liu, Shuwen Liu, Wei Liu, Xian De Liu, Xiangguo Liu, Xiao Hong Liu, Xinfeng Liu, Xu Liu, Xueqin Liu, Yang Liu, Yule Liu, Zexian Liu, Zhe Liu, Juan P. Liuzzi, Gérard Lizard, Mila Ljujic, Irfan J. Lodhi, Susan E. Logue, Bal L. Lokeshwar, Yun Chau Long, Sagar Lonial, Benjamin Loos, Carlos López Otín, Cristina López Vicario, Mar Lorente, Philip L. Lorenzi, Péter Lõrincz, Marek Los, Michael T. Lotze, Penny E. Lovat, Binfeng Lu, Bo Lu, Jiahong Lu, Qing Lu, She Min Lu, Shuyan Lu, Yingying Lu, Frédéric Luciano, Shirley Luckhart, John Milton Lucocq, Paula Ludovico, Aurelia Lugea, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Julian J. Lum, Anders H. Lund, Honglin Luo, Jia Luo, Shouqing Luo, Claudio Luparello, Timothy Lyons, Jianjie Ma, Yi Ma, Yong Ma, Zhenyi Ma, Juliano Machado, Glaucia M. Machado Santelli, Fernando Macian, Gustavo C. MacIntosh, Jeffrey P. MacKeigan, Kay F. Macleod, John D. MacMicking, Lee Ann MacMillan Crow, Frank Madeo, Muniswamy Madesh, Julio Madrigal Matute, Akiko Maeda, Tatsuya Maeda, Gustavo Maegawa, Emilia Maellaro, Hannelore Maes, Marta Magariños, Kenneth Maiese, Tapas K. Maiti, Luigi Maiuri, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Carl G. Maki, Roland Malli, Walter Malorni, Alina Maloyan, Fathia Mami Chouaib, Na Man, Joseph D. Mancias, Eva Maria Mandelkow, Michael A. Mandell, Angelo A. Manfredi, Serge N. Manié, Claudia Manzoni, Kai Mao, Zixu Mao, Zong Wan Mao, Philippe Marambaud, Anna Maria Marconi, Zvonimir Marelja, Gabriella Marfe, Marta Margeta, Eva Margittai, Muriel Mari, Francesca V. Mariani, Concepcio Marin, Sara Marinelli, Guillermo Mariño, Ivanka Markovic, Rebecca Marquez, MARTELLI, ALBERTO MARIA, Sascha Martens, Katie R. Martin, Seamus J. Martin, Shaun Martin, Miguel A. Martin Acebes, Paloma Martín Sanz, Camille Martinand Mari, Wim Martinet, Jennifer Martinez, Nuria Martinez Lopez, Ubaldo Martinez Outschoorn, Moisés Martínez Velázquez, Marta Martinez Vicente, Waleska Kerllen Martins, Hirosato Mashima, James A. Mastrianni, Giuseppe Matarese, Paola Matarrese, Roberto Mateo, Satoaki Matoba, Naomichi Matsumoto, Takehiko Matsushita, Akira Matsuura, Takeshi Matsuzawa, Mark P. Mattson, Soledad Matus, Norma Maugeri, Caroline Mauvezin, Andreas Mayer, Dusica Maysinger, Guillermo D. Mazzolini, Mary Kate McBrayer, Kimberly McCall, Craig McCormick, Gerald M. McInerney, Skye C. McIver, Sharon McKenna, John J. McMahon, Iain A. McNeish, Fatima Mechta Grigoriou, Jan Paul Medema, Diego L. Medina, Klara Megyeri, Maryam Mehrpour, Jawahar L. Mehta, Yide Mei, Ute Christiane Meier, Alfred J. Meijer, Alicia Meléndez, Gerry Melino, Sonia Melino, Edesio Jose Tenorio de Melo, Maria A. Mena, Marc D. Meneghini, Javier A. Menendez, Regina Menezes, Liesu Meng, Ling hua Meng, Songshu Meng, Rossella Menghini, A. Sue Menko, Rubem FS Menna Barreto, Manoj B. Menon, Marco A. Meraz Ríos, Giuseppe Merla, Luciano Merlini, Angelica M. Merlot, Andreas Meryk, Stefania Meschini, Joel N. Meyer, Man tian Mi, Chao Yu Miao, Lucia Micale, Simon Michaeli, Carine Michiels, FRANCO MIGLIACCIO, ANNA RITA, Anastasia Susie Mihailidou, Dalibor Mijaljica, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Enrico Milan, Leonor Miller Fleming, Gordon B. Mills, Ian G. Mills, Georgia Minakaki, Berge A. Minassian, Xiu Fen Ming, Farida Minibayeva, Elena A. Minina, Justine D. Mintern, Saverio Minucci, Antonio Miranda Vizuete, Claire H. Mitchell, Shigeki Miyamoto, Keisuke Miyazawa, Noboru Mizushima, Katarzyna Mnich, Baharia Mograbi, Simin Mohseni, Luis Ferreira Moita, Marco Molinari, Maurizio Molinari, Andreas Buch Møller, Bertrand Mollereau, Faustino Mollinedo, Marco Mongillo, Martha M. Monick, Serena Montagnaro, Craig Montell, Darren J. Moore, Michael N. Moore, Rodrigo Mora Rodriguez, Paula I. Moreira, Etienne Morel, Maria Beatrice Morelli, Sandra Moreno, Michael J. Morgan, Arnaud Moris, Yuji Moriyasu, Janna L. Morrison, Lynda A. Morrison, Eugenia Morselli, Jorge Moscat, Pope L. Moseley, Serge Mostowy, Elisa Motori, Denis Mottet, Jeremy C. Mottram, Charbel E. H. Moussa, Vassiliki E. Mpakou, Hasan Mukhtar, Jean M. Mulcahy Levy, Sylviane Muller, Raquel Muñoz Moreno, Cristina Muñoz Pinedo, Christian Münz, Maureen E. Murphy, James T. Murray, Aditya Murthy, Indira U. Mysorekar, Ivan R. Nabi, Massimo Nabissi, Gustavo A. Nader, Yukitoshi Nagahara, Yoshitaka Nagai, Kazuhiro Nagata, Anika Nagelkerke, Péter Nagy, Samisubbu R. Naidu, Sreejayan Nair, Hiroyasu Nakano, Hitoshi Nakatogawa, Meera Nanjundan, Gennaro Napolitano, Naweed I. Naqvi, Roberta Nardacci, Derek P. Narendra, Masashi Narita, Anna Chiara Nascimbeni, Ramesh Natarajan, Luiz C. Navegantes, Steffan T. Nawrocki, Taras Y. Nazarko, Volodymyr Y. Nazarko, Thomas Neill, Luca M. Neri, Mihai G. Netea, Romana T. Netea Maier, Bruno M. Neves, Paul A. Ney, Ioannis P. Nezis, Hang TT Nguyen, Huu Phuc Nguyen, Anne Sophie Nicot, Hilde Nilsen, Per Nilsson, Mikio Nishimura, Ichizo Nishino, Mireia Niso Santano, Hua Niu, Ralph A. Nixon, Vincent CO Njar, Takeshi Noda, Angelika A. Noegel, Elsie Magdalena Nolte, Erik Norberg, Koenraad K. Norga, Sakineh Kazemi Noureini, Shoji Notomi, Lucia Notterpek, Karin Nowikovsky, Nobuyuki Nukina, Thorsten Nürnberger, Valerie B. O'Donnell, Tracey O'Donovan, Peter J. O'Dwyer, Ina Oehme, Clara L. Oeste, Michinaga Ogawa, Besim Ogretmen, Yuji Ogura, Young J. Oh, Masaki Ohmuraya, Takayuki Ohshima, Rani Ojha, Koji Okamoto, Toshiro Okazaki, F. Javier Oliver, Karin Ollinger, Stefan Olsson, Daniel P. Orban, Paulina Ordonez, Idil Orhon, Laszlo Orosz, Eyleen J. O'Rourke, Helena Orozco, Angel L. Ortega, Elena Ortona, Laura D. Osellame, Junko Oshima, Shigeru Oshima, Heinz D. Osiewacz, Takanobu Otomo, Kinya Otsu, Jing hsiung James Ou, Tiago F. Outeiro, Dong yun Ouyang, Hongjiao Ouyang, Michael Overholtzer, Michelle A. Ozbun, P. Hande Ozdinler, Bulent Ozpolat, Consiglia Pacelli, Paolo Paganetti, Guylène Page, Gilles Pages, Ugo Pagnini, Beata Pajak, Stephen C. Pak, Karolina Pakos Zebrucka, Nazzy Pakpour, Zdena Palková, Francesca Palladino, Kathrin Pallauf, Nicolas Pallet, Marta Palmieri, Søren R. Paludan, Camilla Palumbo, Silvia Palumbo, Olatz Pampliega, Hongming Pan, Wei Pan, Theocharis Panaretakis, Aseem Pandey, Areti Pantazopoulou, Zuzana Papackova, Daniela L. Papademetrio, Issidora Papassideri, Alessio Papini, Nirmala Parajuli, Julian Pardo, Vrajesh V. Parekh, Giancarlo Parenti, Jong In Park, Junsoo Park, Ohkmae K. Park, Roy Parker, Rosanna Parlato, Jan B. Parys, Katherine R. Parzych, Jean Max Pasquet, Benoit Pasquier, Kishore BS Pasumarthi, Daniel Patschan, Cam Patterson, Sophie Pattingre, Scott Pattison, Arnim Pause, Hermann Pavenstädt, Flaminia Pavone, Zully Pedrozo, Fernando J. Peña, Miguel A. Peñalva, Mario Pende, Jianxin Peng, Fabio Penna, Josef M. Penninger, Anna Pensalfini, Salvatore Pepe, Gustavo JS Pereira, Paulo C. Pereira, Verónica Pérez de la Cruz, María Esther Pérez Pérez, Diego Pérez Rodríguez, Dolores Pérez Sala, Celine Perier, Andras Perl, David H. Perlmutter, Ida Perrotta, Shazib Pervaiz, Maija Pesonen, Jeffrey E. Pessin, Godefridus J. Peters, Morten Petersen, Irina Petrache, Basil J. Petrof, Goran Petrovski, James M. Phang, Mauro Piacentini, Marina Pierdominici, Philippe Pierre, Valérie Pierrefite Carle, Federico Pietrocola, Felipe X. Pimentel Muiños, Mario Pinar, Benjamin Pineda, Ronit Pinkas Kramarski, Marcello Pinti, Paolo Pinton, Bilal Piperdi, James M. Piret, Leonidas C. Platanias, Harald W. Platta, Edward D. Plowey, Stefanie Pöggeler, Marc Poirot, Peter Polčic, Angelo Poletti, Audrey H. Poon, Hana Popelka, Blagovesta Popova, Izabela Poprawa, Shibu M. Poulose, Joanna Poulton, Scott K. Powers, Ted Powers, Mercedes Pozuelo Rubio, Krisna Prak, Reinhild Prange, Mark Prescott, Muriel Priault, Sharon Prince, Richard L. Proia, Tassula Proikas Cezanne, Holger Prokisch, Vasilis J. Promponas, Karin Przyklenk, Rosa Puertollano, Subbiah Pugazhenthi, Luigi Puglielli, Aurora Pujol, Julien Puyal, Dohun Pyeon, Xin Qi, Wen bin Qian, Zheng Hong Qin, Yu Qiu, Ziwei Qu, Joe Quadrilatero, Frederick Quinn, Nina Raben, Hannah Rabinowich, Flavia Radogna, Michael J. Ragusa, Mohamed Rahmani, Komal Raina, Sasanka Ramanadham, Rajagopal Ramesh, Abdelhaq Rami, Sarron Randall Demllo, Felix Randow, Hai Rao, V. Ashutosh Rao, Blake B. Rasmussen, Tobias M. Rasse, Edward A. Ratovitski, Pierre Emmanuel Rautou, Swapan K. Ray, Babak Razani, Bruce H. Reed, Fulvio Reggiori, Markus Rehm, Andreas S. Reichert, Theo Rein, David J. Reiner, Eric Reits, Jun Ren, Xingcong Ren, Maurizio Renna, Jane EB Reusch, Jose L. Revuelta, Leticia Reyes, Alireza R. Rezaie, Robert I. Richards, Des R. Richardson, Clémence Richetta, Michael A. Riehle, Bertrand H. Rihn, Yasuko Rikihisa, Brigit E. Riley, Gerald Rimbach, Maria Rita Rippo, Konstantinos Ritis, Federica Rizzi, Elizete Rizzo, Peter J. Roach, Jeffrey Robbins, Michel Roberge, Gabriela Roca, Maria Carmela Roccheri, Sonia Rocha, Cecilia MP Rodrigues, Clara I. Rodríguez, Santiago Rodriguez de Cordoba, Natalia Rodriguez Muela, Jeroen Roelofs, Vladimir V. Rogov, Troy T. Rohn, Bärbel Rohrer, Davide Romanelli, Luigina Romani, Patricia Silvia Romano, M. Isabel G. Roncero, Jose Luis Rosa, Alicia Rosello, Kirill V. Rosen, Philip Rosenstiel, Magdalena Rost Roszkowska, Kevin A. Roth, Gael Roué, Mustapha Rouis, Kasper M. Rouschop, Daniel T. Ruan, Diego Ruano, David C. Rubinsztein, Edmund B. Rucker III, Assaf Rudich, Emil Rudolf, Ruediger Rudolf, Markus A. Ruegg, Carmen Ruiz Roldan, Avnika Ashok Ruparelia, Paola Rusmini, David W. Russ, Gian Luigi Russo, Giuseppe Russo, Rossella Russo, Tor Erik Rusten, Victoria Ryabovol, Kevin M. Ryan, Stefan W. Ryter, David M. Sabatini, Michael Sacher, Carsten Sachse, Michael N. Sack, Junichi Sadoshima, Paul Saftig, Ronit Sagi Eisenberg, Sumit Sahni, Pothana Saikumar, Tsunenori Saito, Tatsuya Saitoh, Koichi Sakakura, Machiko Sakoh Nakatogawa, Yasuhito Sakuraba, María Salazar Roa, Paolo Salomoni, Ashok K. Saluja, Paul M. Salvaterra, Rosa Salvioli, Afshin Samali, Anthony MJ Sanchez, José A. Sánchez Alcázar, Ricardo Sanchez Prieto, Marco Sandri, Miguel A. Sanjuan, Stefano Santaguida, Laura Santambrogio, Giorgio Santoni, Claudia Nunes dos Santos, Shweta Saran, Marco Sardiello, Graeme Sargent, Pallabi Sarkar, Sovan Sarkar, Maria Rosa Sarrias, Minnie M. Sarwal, Chihiro Sasakawa, Motoko Sasaki, Miklos Sass, Ken Sato, Miyuki Sato, Joseph Satriano, Niramol Savaraj, Svetlana Saveljeva, Liliana Schaefer, Ulrich E. Schaible, Michael Scharl, Hermann M. Schatzl, Randy Schekman, Wiep Scheper, Alfonso Schiavi, Hyman M. Schipper, Hana Schmeisser, Jens Schmidt, Ingo Schmitz, Bianca E. Schneider, E. Marion Schneider, Jaime L. Schneider, Eric A. Schon, Miriam J. Schönenberger, Axel H. Schönthal, Daniel F. Schorderet, Bernd Schröder, Sebastian Schuck, Ryan J. Schulze, Melanie Schwarten, Thomas L. Schwarz, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Kathleen Scotto, A. Ivana Scovassi, Robert A. Screaton, Mark Screen, Hugo Seca, Simon Sedej, Laura Segatori, Nava Segev, Per O. Seglen, Jose M. Seguí Simarro, Juan Segura Aguilar, Ekihiro Seki, Iban Seiliez, Christian Sell, Clay F. Semenkovich, Gregg L. Semenza, Utpal Sen, Andreas L. Serra, Ana Serrano Puebla, Hiromi Sesaki, Takao Setoguchi, Carmine Settembre, John J. Shacka, Ayesha N. Shajahan Haq, Irving M. Shapiro, Shweta Sharma, Hua She, C. K. James Shen, Chiung Chyi Shen, Han Ming Shen, Sanbing Shen, Weili Shen, Rui Sheng, Xianyong Sheng, Zu Hang Sheng, Trevor G. Shepherd, Junyan Shi, Qiang Shi, Qinghua Shi, Yuguang Shi, Shusaku Shibutani, Kenichi Shibuya, Yoshihiro Shidoji, Jeng Jer Shieh, Chwen Ming Shih, Yohta Shimada, Shigeomi Shimizu, Dong Wook Shin, Mari L. Shinohara, Michiko Shintani, Takahiro Shintani, Tetsuo Shioi, Ken Shirabe, Ronit Shiri Sverdlov, Orian Shirihai, Gordon C. Shore, Chih Wen Shu, Deepak Shukla, Andriy A. Sibirny, Valentina Sica, Christina J. Sigurdson, Einar M. Sigurdsson, Puran Singh Sijwali, Beata Sikorska, Wilian A. Silveira, Sandrine Silvente Poirot, Gary A. Silverman, Jan Simak, Thomas Simmet, Anna Katharina Simon, Hans Uwe Simon, Cristiano Simone, Matias Simons, Anne Simonsen, Rajat Singh, Shivendra V. Singh, Shrawan K. Singh, Debasish Sinha, Sangita Sinha, Frank A. Sinicrope, Agnieszka Sirko, Kapil Sirohi, Balindiwe JN Sishi, Annie Sittler, Parco M. Siu, Efthimios Sivridis, Anna Skwarska, Ruth Slack, Iva Slaninová, Nikolai Slavov, Soraya S. Smaili, Keiran SM Smalley, Duncan R. Smith, Stefaan J. Soenen, Scott A. Soleimanpour, Anita Solhaug, Kumaravel Somasundaram, Jin H. Son, Avinash Sonawane, Chunjuan Song, Fuyong Song, Hyun Kyu Song, Ju Xian Song, Wei Song, Kai Y. Soo, Anil K. Sood, Tuck Wah Soong, Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, Maurizio Sorice, Federica Sotgia, David R. Soto Pantoja, Areechun Sotthibundhu, Maria João Sousa, Herman P. Spaink, Paul N. Span, Anne Spang, Janet D. Sparks, Peter G. Speck, Stephen A. Spector, Claudia D. Spies, Wolfdieter Springer, Daret St Clair, Alessandra Stacchiotti, Bart Staels, Michael T. Stang, Daniel T. Starczynowski, Petro Starokadomskyy, Clemens Steegborn, John W. Steele, Leonidas Stefanis, Joan Steffan, Christine M. Stellrecht, Harald Stenmark, Tomasz M. Stepkowski, Stęphan T. Stern, Craig Stevens, Brent R. Stockwell, Veronika Stoka, Zuzana Storchova, Björn Stork, Vassilis Stratoulias, Dimitrios J. Stravopodis, Pavel Strnad, Anne Marie Strohecker, Anna Lena Ström, Per Stromhaug, Jiri Stulik, Yu Xiong Su, Zhaoliang Su, Carlos S. Subauste, Srinivasa Subramaniam, Carolyn M. Sue, Sang Won Suh, Xinbing Sui, Supawadee Sukseree, David Sulzer, Fang Lin Sun, Jiaren Sun, Jun Sun, Shi Yong Sun, Yang Sun, Yi Sun, Yingjie Sun, Vinod Sundaramoorthy, Joseph Sung, Hidekazu Suzuki, Kuninori Suzuki, Naoki Suzuki, Tadashi Suzuki, Yuichiro J. Suzuki, Michele S. Swanson, Charles Swanton, Karl Swärd, Ghanshyam Swarup, Sean T. Sweeney, Paul W. Sylvester, Zsuzsanna Szatmari, Eva Szegezdi, Peter W. Szlosarek, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Marco Tafani, Emmanuel Taillebourg, Stephen WG Tait, Krisztina Takacs Vellai, Yoshinori Takahashi, Szabolcs Takáts, Genzou Takemura, Nagio Takigawa, Nicholas J. Talbot, Elena Tamagno, Jerome Tamburini, Cai Ping Tan, Lan Tan, Mei Lan Tan, Ming Tan, Yee Joo Tan, Keiji Tanaka, Masaki Tanaka, Daolin Tang, Dingzhong Tang, Guomei Tang, Isei Tanida, Kunikazu Tanji, Bakhos A. Tannous, Jose A. Tapia, Inmaculada Tasset Cuevas, Marc Tatar, Iman Tavassoly, Nektarios Tavernarakis, Allen Taylor, Graham S. Taylor, Gregory A. Taylor, J. Paul Taylor, Mark J. Taylor, Elena V. Tchetina, Andrew R. Tee, Fatima Teixeira Clerc, Sucheta Telang, Tewin Tencomnao, Ba Bie Teng, Ru Jeng Teng, Faraj Terro, Gianluca Tettamanti, Arianne L. Theiss, Anne E. Theron, Kelly Jean Thomas, Marcos P. Thomé, Paul G. Thomes, Andrew Thorburn, Jeremy Thorner, Thomas Thum, Michael Thumm, Teresa LM Thurston, Ling Tian, Andreas Till, Jenny Pan yun Ting, Vladimir I. Titorenko, Lilach Toker, Stefano Toldo, Sharon A. Tooze, Ivan Topisirovic, Maria Lyngaas Torgersen, Liliana Torosantucci, Alicia Torriglia, Maria Rosaria Torrisi, Cathy Tournier, Roberto Towns, Vladimir Trajkovic, Leonardo H. Travassos, Gemma Triola, Durga Nand Tripathi, Daniela Trisciuoglio, Rodrigo Troncoso, Ioannis P. Trougakos, Anita C. Truttmann, Kuen Jer Tsai, Mario P. Tschan, Yi Hsin Tseng, Takayuki Tsukuba, Allan Tsung, Andrey S. Tsvetkov, Shuiping Tu, Hsing Yu Tuan, Marco Tucci, David A. Tumbarello, Boris Turk, Vito Turk, Robin FB Turner, Anders A. Tveita, Suresh C. Tyagi, Makoto Ubukata, Yasuo Uchiyama, Andrej Udelnow, Takashi Ueno, Midori Umekawa, Rika Umemiya Shirafuji, Benjamin R. Underwood, Christian Ungermann, Rodrigo P. Ureshino, Ryo Ushioda, Vladimir N. Uversky, Néstor L. Uzcátegui, Thomas Vaccari, Maria I. Vaccaro, Libuše Váchová, Helin Vakifahmetoglu Norberg, Rut Valdor, Enza Maria Valente, Francois Vallette, Angela M. Valverde, Greet Van den Berghe, Ludo Van Den Bosch, Gijs R. van den Brink, F. Gisou van der Goot, Ida J. van der Klei, Luc JW van der Laan, Wouter G. van Doorn, Marjolein van Egmond, Kenneth L. van Golen, Luc Van Kaer, Menno van Lookeren Campagne, Peter Vandenabeele, Wim Vandenberghe, Ilse Vanhorebeek, Isabel Varela Nieto, M. Helena Vasconcelos, Radovan Vasko, Demetrios G. Vavvas, Ignacio Vega Naredo, Guillermo Velasco, Athanassios D. Velentzas, Panagiotis D. Velentzas, Tibor Vellai, Edo Vellenga, Mikkel Holm Vendelbo, Kartik Venkatachalam, Natascia Ventura, Salvador Ventura, Patrícia ST Veras, Mireille Verdier, Beata G. Vertessy, Andrea Viale, Michel Vidal, Helena LA Vieira, Richard D. Vierstra, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Neeraj Vij, Miquel Vila, Margarita Villar, Victor H. Villar, Joan Villarroya, Cécile Vindis, Giampietro Viola, Maria Teresa Viscomi, Giovanni Vitale, Dan T. Vogl, Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja, Clarissa von Haefen, Karin von Schwarzenberg, Daniel E. Voth, Valérie Vouret Craviari, Kristina Vuori, Jatin M. Vyas, Christian Waeber, Cheryl Lyn Walker, Mark J. Walker, Jochen Walter, Lei Wan, Xiangbo Wan, Bo Wang, Caihong Wang, Chao Yung Wang, Chengshu Wang, Chenran Wang, Chuangui Wang, Dong Wang, Fen Wang, Fuxin Wang, Guanghui Wang, Hai jie Wang, Haichao Wang, Hong Gang Wang, Hongmin Wang, Horng Dar Wang, Jing Wang, Junjun Wang, Mei Wang, Mei Qing Wang, Pei Yu Wang, Peng Wang, Richard C. Wang, Shuo Wang, Ting Fang Wang, Xian Wang, Xiao jia Wang, Xiao Wei Wang, Xin Wang, Xuejun Wang, Yan Wang, Yanming Wang, Ying Wang, Ying Jan Wang, Yipeng Wang, Yu Wang, Yu Tian Wang, Yuqing Wang, Zhi Nong Wang, Pablo Wappner, Carl Ward, Diane McVey Ward, Gary Warnes, Hirotaka Watada, Yoshihisa Watanabe, Kei Watase, Timothy E. Full Terms, Conditions of access, use can be found at h.t.t.p.:././.w.w.w. t.a.n.d.f.o.n.l.i.n.e. com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=kaup20 Download by: [Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna] Date: 23 September 2016, At: 06:43 Weaver, Colin D. Weekes, Jiwu Wei, Thomas Weide, Conrad C. Weihl, Günther Weindl, Simone Nardin Weis, Longping Wen, Xin Wen, Yunfei Wen, Benedikt Westermann, Cornelia M. Weyand, Anthony R. White, Eileen White, J. Lindsay Whitton, Alexander J. Whitworth, Joëlle Wiels, Franziska Wild, Manon E. Wildenberg, Tom Wileman, Deepti Srinivas Wilkinson, Simon Wilkinson, Dieter Willbold, Chris Williams, Katherine Williams, Peter R. Williamson, Konstanze F. Winklhofer, Steven S. Witkin, Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth, Thomas Wollert, Ernst J. Wolvetang, Esther Wong, G. William Wong, Richard W. Wong, Vincent Kam Wai Wong, Elizabeth A. Woodcock, Karen L. Wright, Chunlai Wu, Defeng Wu, Gen Sheng Wu, Jian Wu, Junfang Wu, Mian Wu, Min Wu, Shengzhou Wu, William KK Wu, Yaohua Wu, Zhenlong Wu, Cristina PR Xavier, Ramnik J. Xavier, Gui Xian Xia, Tian Xia, Weiliang Xia, Yong Xia, Hengyi Xiao, Jian Xiao, Shi Xiao, Wuhan Xiao, Chuan Ming Xie, Zhiping Xie, Zhonglin Xie, Maria Xilouri, Yuyan Xiong, Chuanshan Xu, Congfeng Xu, Feng Xu, Haoxing Xu, Hongwei Xu, Jian Xu, Jianzhen Xu, Jinxian Xu, Liang Xu, Xiaolei Xu, Yangqing Xu, Ye Xu, Zhi Xiang Xu, Ziheng Xu, Yu Xue, Takahiro Yamada, Ai Yamamoto, Koji Yamanaka, Shunhei Yamashina, Shigeko Yamashiro, Bing Yan, Bo Yan, Xianghua Yan, Zhen Yan, Yasuo Yanagi, Dun Sheng Yang, Jin Ming Yang, Liu Yang, Minghua Yang, Pei Ming Yang, Peixin Yang, Qian Yang, Wannian Yang, Wei Yuan Yang, Xuesong Yang, Yi Yang, Ying Yang, Zhifen Yang, Zhihong Yang, Meng Chao Yao, Pamela J. Yao, Xiaofeng Yao, Zhenyu Yao, Zhiyuan Yao, Linda S. Yasui, Mingxiang Ye, Barry Yedvobnick, Behzad Yeganeh, Elizabeth S. Yeh, Patricia L. Yeyati, Fan Yi, Long Yi, Xiao Ming Yin, Calvin K. Yip, Yeong Min Yoo, Young Hyun Yoo, Seung Yong Yoon, Ken Ichi Yoshida, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Ken H. Young, Huixin Yu, Jane J. Yu, Jin Tai Yu, Jun Yu, Li Yu, W. Haung Yu, Xiao Fang Yu, Zhengping Yu, Junying Yuan, Zhi Min Yuan, Beatrice YJT Yue, Jianbo Yue, Zhenyu Yue, David N. Zacks, Eldad Zacksenhaus, Nadia Zaffaroni, Tania Zaglia, Zahra Zakeri, Vincent Zecchini, Jinsheng Zeng, Min Zeng, Qi Zeng, Antonis S. Zervos, Donna D. Zhang, Fan Zhang, Guo Zhang, Guo Chang Zhang, Hao Zhang, Hong Zhang, Hongbing Zhang, Jian Zhang, Jiangwei Zhang, Jianhua Zhang, Jing pu Zhang, Li Zhang, Lin Zhang, Long Zhang, Ming Yong Zhang, Xiangnan Zhang, Xu Dong Zhang, Yan Zhang, Yang Zhang, Yanjin Zhang, Yingmei Zhang, Yunjiao Zhang, Mei Zhao, Wei Li Zhao, Xiaonan Zhao, Yan G. Zhao, Ying Zhao, Yongchao Zhao, Yu xia Zhao, Zhendong Zhao, Zhizhuang J. Zhao, Dexian Zheng, Xi Long Zheng, Xiaoxiang Zheng, Boris Zhivotovsky, Qing Zhong, Guang Zhou Zhou, Guofei Zhou, Huiping Zhou, Shu Feng Zhou, Xu jie Zhou, Hongxin Zhu, Hua Zhu, Wei Guo Zhu, Wenhua Zhu, Xiao Feng Zhu, Yuhua Zhu, Shi Mei Zhuang, Xiaohong Zhuang, Elio Ziparo, Christos E. Zois, Teresa Zoladek, Wei Xing Zong, Antonio Zorzano, Susu M. Zughaier, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Tokyo Medical University, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Partenaires INRAE, University of Toronto, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), University of Colorado [Boulder], Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), University of Vienna [Vienna], Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Georgetown University, Candiolo Cancer Institute (IRCCS), Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Cleveland Clinic, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University College of London [London] (UCL)-Institute of Neurology, Thérapie génique, Génomique et Epigénomique (U 1169), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Osaka University, Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, University of Barcelona, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides (U1162), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), Fondation Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California (USC), Physiopathologie de la survie et de la mort cellulaire et infection virale, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-IFR50-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Giannina Gaslini Institute, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (IMAU), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Department of Molecular Medicine, Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Physiopathologie du système nerveux central - Institut François Magendie, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-IFR8-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratory of Experimental Virology - Department of Medical Microbiology [Amsterdam, The Netherlands], Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam - CINIMA [Amsterdam, The Netherlands], Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique des interactions membranaires normales et pathologiques (DIMNP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Celullar and Molecular Medicine, Infection bactérienne, inflammation, et carcinogenèse digestive, University of Edinburgh, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University [Istanbul], University of Science and Technology Beijing [Beijing] (USTB), Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CAS Institute of Oceanology (IOCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Polytechnic University of Marche, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Dulbecco Telethon Institute/Department of Biology, Fondation de Recherche Cancer et Sang - Hôpital Kirchberg, China University of Petroleum, Unilever R&D, University of Queensland [Brisbane], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Institute for Advanced Study [Tsinghua], Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Nanayang Technological University (NTU), Nanayang Technological University, Institute of Microelectronics [Beijing] (IMETU), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Northwestern Polytechnical University [Xi'an] (NPU), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], City University of Hong Kong (CityU), Department of Mathematics [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang University, University of Cincinnati (UC), Réponses immunes : régulation et développement, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNV, University of Valparaiso, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR d'Arts plastiques et sciences de l'art (UP1 UFR04), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery [Jena], Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabète - U 1011 (RNMCD), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Macrophages et Développement de l’Immunité, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Trafic membranaire et Division cellulaire - Membrane Traffic and Cell Division, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Cibles thérapeutiques, formulation et expertise pré-clinique du médicament (CITHEFOR), Université de Lorraine (UL), This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health, including Public Health Service grant GM053396 to D.J.K. Due to space and other limitations, it is not possible to include all other sources of financial support., In a rapidly expanding and highly dynamic field such as autophagy, it is possible that some authors who should have been included on this article have been missed. D.J.K. extends his apologies to researchers in the field of autophagy who, due to oversight or any other reason, could not be included on this article. I also note that two of our colleagues on this manuscript have passed away: Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud and Wouter van Doorn., Life Sciences Institute [Ann Arbor, MI, USA], Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS UMR 5200, Université de Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France., Amelio, Ivano [0000-0002-9126-5391], Beale, Rupert [0000-0002-6705-8560], Floto, Andres [0000-0002-2188-5659], Frezza, Christian [0000-0002-3293-7397], Ktistakis, Nicholas [0000-0001-9397-2914], Melino, Gerry [0000-0001-9428-5972], Narita, Masashi [0000-0001-7764-577X], Rubinsztein, David [0000-0001-5002-5263], Underwood, Benjamin [0000-0003-3427-9487], Whitworth, Alex [0000-0002-1154-6629], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Université Catholique de Louvain, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR50-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-IFR50-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Tsinghua University [Beijing], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR d'Arts plastiques et sciences de l'art (UP1 UFR04), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabète (EGID), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Trafic membranaire et Division cellulaire, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Klionsky, D., Abdelmohsen, K., Abe, A., Abedin, M., Abeliovich, H., Acevedo Arozena, A., Adachi, H., Adams, C., Adams, P., Adeli, K., Adhihetty, P., Adler, S., Agam, G., Agarwal, R., Aghi, M., Agnello, M., Agostinis, P., Aguilar, P., Aguirre-Ghiso, J., Airoldi, E., Ait-Si-Ali, S., Akematsu, T., Akporiaye, E., Al-Rubeai, M., Albaiceta, G., Albanese, C., Albani, D., Albert, M., Aldudo, J., Algül, H., Alirezaei, M., Alloza, I., Almasan, A., Almonte-Beceril, M., Alnemri, E., Alonso, C., Altan-Bonnet, N., Altieri, D., Alvarez, S., Alvarez-Erviti, L., Alves, S., Amadoro, G., Amano, A., Amantini, C., Ambrosio, S., Amelio, I., Amer, A., Amessou, M., Amon, A., An, Z., Anania, F., Andersen, S., Andley, U., Andreadi, C., Andrieu-Abadie, N., Anel, A., Ann, D., Anoopkumar-Dukie, S., Antonioli, M., Aoki, H., Apostolova, N., Aquila, S., Aquilano, K., Araki, K., Arama, E., Aranda, A., Araya, J., Arcaro, A., Arias, E., Arimoto, H., Ariosa, A., Armstrong, J., Arnould, T., Arsov, I., Asanuma, K., Askanas, V., Asselin, E., Atarashi, R., Atherton, S., Atkin, J., Attardi, L., Auberger, P., Auburger, G., Aurelian, L., Autelli, R., Avagliano, L., Avantaggiati, M., Avrahami, L., Awale, S., Azad, N., Bachetti, T., Backer, J., Bae, D., Bae, J., Bae, O., Bae, S., Baehrecke, E., Baek, S., Baghdiguian, S., Bagniewska-Zadworna, A., Bai, H., Bai, J., Bai, X., Bailly, Y., Balaji, K., Balduini, W., Ballabio, A., Balzan, R., Banerjee, R., Bánhegyi, G., Bao, H., Barbeau, B., Barrachina, M., Barreiro, E., Bartel, B., Bartolomé, A., Bassham, D., Bassi, M., Bast, R., Basu, A., Batista, M., Batoko, H., Battino, M., Bauckman, K., Baumgarner, B., Bayer, K., Beale, R., Beaulieu, J., Beck, G., Becker, C., Beckham, J., Bédard, P., Bednarski, P., Begley, T., Behl, C., Behrends, C., Behrens, G., Behrns, K., Bejarano, E., Belaid, A., Belleudi, F., Bénard, G., Berchem, G., Bergamaschi, D., Bergami, M., Berkhout, B., Berliocchi, L., Bernard, A., Bernard, M., Bernassola, F., Bertolotti, A., Bess, A., Besteiro, S., Bettuzzi, S., Bhalla, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Bhutia, S., Biagosch, C., Bianchi, M., Biard-Piechaczyk, M., Billes, V., Bincoletto, C., Bingol, B., Bird, S., Bitoun, M., Bjedov, I., Blackstone, C., Blanc, L., Blanco, G., Blomhoff, H., Boada-Romero, E., Böckler, S., Boes, M., Boesze-Battaglia, K., Boise, L., Bolino, A., Boman, A., Bonaldo, P., Bordi, M., Bosch, J., Botana, L., Botti, J., Bou, G., Bouché, M., Bouchecareilh, M., Boucher, M., Boulton, M., Bouret, S., Boya, P., Boyer-Guittaut, M., Bozhkov, P., Brady, N., Braga, V., Brancolini, C., Braus, G., Bravo-San Pedro, J., Brennan, L., Bresnick, E., Brest, P., Bridges, D., Bringer, M., Brini, M., Brito, G., Brodin, B., Brookes, P., Brown, E., Brown, K., Broxmeyer, H., Bruhat, A., Brum, P., Brumell, J., Brunetti-Pierri, N., Bryson-Richardson, R., Buch, S., Buchan, A., Budak, H., Bulavin, D., Bultman, S., Bultynck, G., Bumbasirevic, V., Burelle, Y., Burke, R., Burmeister, M., Bütikofer, P., Caberlotto, L., Cadwell, K., Cahova, M., Cai, D., Cai, J., Cai, Q., Calatayud, S., Camougrand, N., Campanella, M., Campbell, G., Campbell, M., Campello, S., Candau, R., Caniggia, I., Cantoni, L., Cao, L., Caplan, A., Caraglia, M., Cardinali, C., Cardoso, S., Carew, J., Carleton, L., Carlin, C., Carloni, S., Carlsson, S., Carmona-Gutierrez, D., Carneiro, L., Carnevali, O., Carra, S., Carrier, A., Carroll, B., Casas, C., Casas, J., Cassinelli, G., Castets, P., Castro-Obregon, S., Cavallini, G., Ceccherini, I., Cecconi, F., Cederbaum, A., Ceña, V., Cenci, S., Cerella, C., Cervia, D., Cetrullo, S., Chaachouay, H., Chae, H., Chagin, A., Chai, C., Chakrabarti, G., Chamilos, G., Chan, E., Chan, M., Chandra, D., Chandra, P., Chang, C., Chang, R., Chang, T., Chatham, J., Chatterjee, S., Chauhan, S., Che, Y., Cheetham, M., Cheluvappa, R., Chen, C., Chen, G., Chen, H., Chen, J., Chen, M., Chen, P., Chen, Q., Chen, S., Chen, W., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Cheng, A., Cheng, C., Cheng, H., Cheong, H., Cherry, S., Chesney, J., Cheung, C., Chevet, E., Chi, H., Chi, S., Chiacchiera, F., Chiang, H., Chiarelli, R., Chiariello, M., Chieppa, M., Chin, L., Chiong, M., Chiu, G., Cho, D., Cho, S., Cho, W., Cho, Y., Choi, A., Choi, E., Choi, J., Choi, M., Choi, S., Chou, T., Chouaib, S., Choubey, D., Choubey, V., Chow, K., Chowdhury, K., Chu, C., Chuang, T., Chun, T., Chung, H., Chung, T., Chung, Y., Chwae, Y., Cianfanelli, V., Ciarcia, R., Ciechomska, I., Ciriolo, M., Cirone, M., Claerhout, S., Clague, M., Clària, J., Clarke, P., Clarke, R., Clementi, E., Cleyrat, C., Cnop, M., Coccia, E., Cocco, T., Codogno, P., Coers, J., Cohen, E., Colecchia, D., Coletto, L., Coll, N., Colucci-Guyon, E., Comincini, S., Condello, M., Cook, K., Coombs, G., Cooper, C., Cooper, J., Coppens, I., Corasaniti, M., Corazzari, M., Corbalan, R., Corcelle-Termeau, E., Cordero, M., Corral-Ramos, C., Corti, O., Cossarizza, A., Costelli, P., Costes, S., Cotman, S., Coto-Montes, A., Cottet, S., Couve, E., Covey, L., Cowart, L., Cox, J., Coxon, F., Coyne, C., Cragg, M., Craven, R., Crepaldi, T., Crespo, J., Criollo, A., Crippa, V., Cruz, M., Cuervo, A., Cuezva, J., Cui, T., Cutillas, P., Czaja, M., Czyzyk-Krzeska, M., Dagda, R., Dahmen, U., Dai, C., Dai, W., Dai, Y., Dalby, K., Dalla Valle, L., Dalmasso, G., D'Amelio, M., Damme, M., Darfeuille-Michaud, A., Dargemont, C., Darley-Usmar, V., Dasarathy, S., Dasgupta, B., Dash, S., Dass, C., Davey, H., Davids, L., Dávila, D., Davis, R., Dawson, T., Dawson, V., Daza, P., de Belleroche, J., de Figueiredo, P., de Figueiredo, R., de la Fuente, J., De Martino, L., De Matteis, A., De Meyer, G., De Milito, A., De Santi, M., de Souza, W., De Tata, V., De Zio, D., Debnath, J., Dechant, R., Decuypere, J., Deegan, S., Dehay, B., Del Bello, B., Del Re, D., Delage-Mourroux, R., Delbridge, L., Deldicque, L., Delorme-Axford, E., Deng, Y., Dengjel, J., Denizot, M., Dent, P., Der, C., Deretic, V., Derrien, B., Deutsch, E., Devarenne, T., Devenish, R., Di Bartolomeo, S., Di Daniele, N., Di Domenico, F., Di Nardo, A., Di Paola, S., Di Pietro, A., Di Renzo, L., Diantonio, A., Díaz-Araya, G., Díaz-Laviada, I., Diaz-Meco, M., Diaz-Nido, J., Dickey, C., Dickson, R., Diederich, M., Digard, P., Dikic, I., Dinesh-Kumar, S., Ding, C., Ding, W., Ding, Z., Dini, L., Distler, J., Diwan, A., Djavaheri-Mergny, M., Dmytruk, K., Dobson, R., Doetsch, V., Dokladny, K., Dokudovskaya, S., Donadelli, M., Dong, X., Dong, Z., Donohue, T., Doran, K., D'Orazi, G., Dorn, G., Dosenko, V., Dridi, S., Drucker, L., Du, J., Du, L., du Toit, A., Dua, P., Duan, L., Duann, P., Dubey, V., Duchen, M., Duchosal, M., Duez, H., Dugail, I., Dumit, V., Duncan, M., Dunlop, E., Dunn, W., Dupont, N., Dupuis, L., Durán, R., Durcan, T., Duvezin-Caubet, S., Duvvuri, U., Eapen, V., Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D., Echard, A., Eckhart, L., Edelstein, C., Edinger, A., Eichinger, L., Eisenberg, T., Eisenberg-Lerner, A., Eissa, N., El-Deiry, W., El-Khoury, V., Elazar, Z., Eldar-Finkelman, H., Elliott, C., Emanuele, E., Emmenegger, U., Engedal, N., Engelbrecht, A., Engelender, S., Enserink, J., Erdmann, R., Erenpreisa, J., Eri, R., Eriksen, J., Erman, A., Escalante, R., Eskelinen, E., Espert, L., Esteban-Martínez, L., Evans, T., Fabri, M., Fabrias, G., Fabrizi, C., Facchiano, A., Færgeman, N., Faggioni, A., Fairlie, W., Fan, C., Fan, D., Fan, J., Fang, S., Fanto, M., Fanzani, A., Farkas, T., Faure, M., Favier, F., Fearnhead, H., Federici, M., Fei, E., Felizardo, T., Feng, H., Feng, Y., Ferguson, T., Fernández, Á., Fernandez-Barrena, M., Fernandez-Checa, J., Fernández-López, A., Fernandez-Zapico, M., Feron, O., Ferraro, E., Ferreira-Halder, C., Fesus, L., Feuer, R., Fiesel, F., Filippi-Chiela, E., Filomeni, G., Fimia, G., Fingert, J., Finkbeiner, S., Finkel, T., Fiorito, F., Fisher, P., Flajolet, M., Flamigni, F., Florey, O., Florio, S., Floto, R., Folini, M., Follo, C., Fon, E., Fornai, F., Fortunato, F., Fraldi, A., Franco, R., Francois, A., François, A., Frankel, L., Fraser, I., Frey, N., Freyssenet, D., Frezza, C., Friedman, S., Frigo, D., Fu, D., Fuentes, J., Fueyo, J., Fujitani, Y., Fujiwara, Y., Fujiya, M., Fukuda, M., Fulda, S., Fusco, C., Gabryel, B., Gaestel, M., Gailly, P., Gajewska, M., Galadari, S., Galili, G., Galindo, I., Galindo, M., Galliciotti, G., Galluzzi, L., Galy, V., Gammoh, N., Gandy, S., Ganesan, A., Ganesan, S., Ganley, I., Gannagé, M., Gao, F., Gao, J., García Nannig, L., García Véscovi, E., Garcia-Macía, M., Garcia-Ruiz, C., Garg, A., Garg, P., Gargini, R., Gassen, N., Gatica, D., Gatti, E., Gavard, J., Gavathiotis, E., Ge, L., Ge, P., Ge, S., Gean, P., Gelmetti, V., Genazzani, A., Geng, J., Genschik, P., Gerner, L., Gestwicki, J., Gewirtz, D., Ghavami, S., Ghigo, E., Ghosh, D., Giammarioli, A., Giampieri, F., Giampietri, C., Giatromanolaki, A., Gibbings, D., Gibellini, L., Gibson, S., Ginet, V., Giordano, A., Giorgini, F., Giovannetti, E., Girardin, S., Gispert, S., Giuliano, S., Gladson, C., Glavic, A., Gleave, M., Godefroy, N., Gogal, R., Gokulan, K., Goldman, G., Goletti, D., Goligorsky, M., Gomes, A., Gomes, L., Gomez, H., Gomez-Manzano, C., Gómez-Sánchez, R., Gonçalves, D., Goncu, E., Gong, Q., Gongora, C., Gonzalez, C., Gonzalez-Alegre, P., Gonzalez-Cabo, P., González-Polo, R., Goping, I., Gorbea, C., Gorbunov, N., Goring, D., Gorman, A., Gorski, S., Goruppi, S., Goto-Yamada, S., Gotor, C., Gottlieb, R., Gozes, I., Gozuacik, D., Graba, Y., Graef, M., Granato, G., Grant, G., Grant, S., Gravina, G., Green, D., Greenhough, A., Greenwood, M., Grimaldi, B., Gros, F., Grose, C., Groulx, J., Gruber, F., Grumati, P., Grune, T., Guan, J., Guan, K., Guerra, B., Guillen, C., Gulshan, K., Gunst, J., Guo, C., Guo, L., Guo, M., Guo, 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Shieh, Jj, Shih, Cm, Shimada, Y, Shimizu, S, Shin, Dw, Shinohara, Ml, Shintani, M, Shintani, T, Shioi, T, Shirabe, K, Shiri Sverdlov, R, Shirihai, O, Shore, Gc, Shu, Cw, Shukla, D, Sibirny, Aa, Sica, V, Sigurdson, Cj, Sigurdsson, Em, Sijwali, P, Sikorska, B, Silveira, Wa, Silvente Poirot, S, Silverman, Ga, Simak, J, Simmet, T, Simon, Ak, Simon, Hu, Simone, C, Simons, M, Simonsen, A, Singh, R, Singh, Sv, Singh, Sk, Sinha, D, Sinha, S, Sinicrope, Fa, Sirko, A, Sirohi, K, Sishi, Bj, Sittler, A, Siu, Pm, Sivridis, E, Skwarska, A, Slack, R, Slaninová, I, Slavov, N, Smaili, S, Smalley, K, Smith, Dr, Soenen, Sj, Soleimanpour, Sa, Solhaug, A, Somasundaram, K, Son, Jh, Sonawane, A, Song, C, Song, F, Song, Hk, Song, Jx, Song, W, Soo, Ky, Sood, Ak, Soong, Tw, Soontornniyomkij, V, Sorice, M, Sotgia, F, Soto Pantoja, Dr, Sotthibundhu, A, Sousa, Mj, Spaink, Hp, Span, Pn, Spang, A, Sparks, Jd, Speck, Pg, Spector, Sa, Spies, Cd, Springer, W, Clair, D, Stacchiotti, A, Staels, B, Stang, Mt, 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Berghe, G, Van Den Bosch, L, van den Brink, Gr, van der Goot, Fg, van der Klei, Ij, van der Laan, Lj, van Doorn, Wg, van Egmond, M, van Golen, Kl, Van Kaer, L, van Lookeren Campagne, M, Vandenabeele, P, Vandenberghe, W, Vanhorebeek, I, Varela Nieto, I, Vasconcelos, Mh, Vasko, R, Vavvas, Dg, Vega Naredo, I, Velasco, G, Velentzas, Ad, Velentzas, Pd, Vellai, T, Vellenga, E, Vendelbo, Mh, Venkatachalam, K, Ventura, N, Ventura, S, Veras, P, Verdier, M, Vertessy, Bg, Viale, A, Vidal, M, Vieira, H, Vierstra, Rd, Vigneswaran, N, Vij, N, Vila, M, Villar, M, Villar, Vh, Villarroya, J, Vindis, C, Viola, G, Viscomi, Mt, Vitale, G, Vogl, Dt, Voitsekhovskaja, Ov, von Haefen, C, von Schwarzenberg, K, Voth, De, Vouret Craviari, V, Vuori, K, Vyas, Jm, Waeber, C, Walker, Cl, Walker, Mj, Walter, J, Wan, L, Wan, X, Wang, B, Wang, C, Wang, Cy, Wang, D, Wang, F, Wang, G, Wang, Hj, Wang, H, Wang, Hg, Wang, Hd, Wang, J, Wang, M, Wang, Mq, Wang, Py, Wang, P, Wang, Rc, Wang, S, Wang, Tf, Wang, X, Wang, Xj, Wang, Xw, Wang, Y, Wang, Yj, Wang, Yt, Wang, Zn, Wappner, P, Ward, C, Ward, Dm, Warnes, G, Watada, H, Watanabe, Y, Watase, K, Weaver, Te, Weekes, Cd, Wei, J, Weide, T, Weihl, Cc, Weindl, G, Weis, Sn, Wen, L, Wen, X, Wen, Y, Westermann, B, Weyand, Cm, White, Ar, White, E, Whitton, Jl, Whitworth, Aj, Wiels, J, Wild, F, Wildenberg, Me, Wileman, T, Wilkinson, D, Wilkinson, S, Willbold, D, Williams, C, Williams, K, Williamson, Pr, Winklhofer, Kf, Witkin, S, Wohlgemuth, Se, Wollert, T, Wolvetang, Ej, Wong, E, Wong, Gw, Wong, Rw, Wong, Vk, Woodcock, Ea, Wright, Kl, Wu, C, Wu, D, Wu, G, Wu, J, Wu, M, Wu, S, Wu, Wk, Wu, Y, Wu, Z, Xavier, Cp, Xavier, Rj, Xia, Gx, Xia, T, Xia, W, Xia, Y, Xiao, H, Xiao, J, Xiao, S, Xiao, W, Xie, Cm, Xie, Z, Xilouri, M, Xiong, Y, Xu, C, Xu, F, Xu, H, Xu, J, Xu, L, Xu, X, Xu, Y, Xu, Zx, Xu, Z, Xue, Y, Yamada, T, Yamamoto, A, Yamanaka, K, Yamashina, S, Yamashiro, S, Yan, B, Yan, X, Yan, Z, Yanagi, Y, Yang, D, Yang, Jm, Yang, L, Yang, M, Yang, Pm, Yang, P, Yang, Q, 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Other departments, CCA -Cancer Center Amsterdam, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Radiotherapy, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Medical Biochemistry, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Cell Biology and Histology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Daniel J Klionsky, Kotb Abdelmohsen, Akihisa Abe, Md Joynal Abedin, Hagai Abeliovich, Abraham Acevedo Arozena, Hiroaki Adachi, Christopher M Adam, Peter D Adam, Khosrow Adeli, Peter J Adhihetty, Sharon G Adler, Galila Agam, Rajesh Agarwal, Manish K Aghi, Maria Agnello, Patrizia Agostini, Patricia V Aguilar, Julio Aguirre-Ghiso, Edoardo M Airoldi, Slimane Ait-Si-Ali, Takahiko Akematsu, Emmanuel T Akporiaye, Mohamed Al-Rubeai, Guillermo M Albaiceta, Chris Albanese, Diego Albani, Matthew L Albert, Jesus Aldudo, Hana Algül, Mehrdad Alirezaei, Iraide Alloza, Alexandru Almasan, Maylin Almonte-Beceril, Emad S Alnemri, Covadonga Alonso, Nihal Altan-Bonnet, Dario C Altieri, Silvia Alvarez, Lydia Alvarez- Erviti, Sandro Alve, Giuseppina Amadoro, Atsuo Amano, Consuelo Amantini, Santiago Ambrosio, Ivano Amelio, Amal O Amer, Mohamed Amessou, Angelika Amon, Zhenyi An, Frank A Anania, Stig U Andersen, Usha P Andley, Catherine K Andreadi, Nathalie Andrieu- Abadie, Alberto Anel, David K Ann, Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie, Manuela Antonioli, Hiroshi Aoki, Nadezda Apostolova, Saveria Aquila, Katia Aquilano, Koichi Araki, Eli Arama, Agustin Aranda, Jun Araya, Alexandre Arcaro, Esperanza Aria, Hirokazu Arimoto, Aileen R Ariosa, Jane L Armstrong, Thierry Arnould, Ivica Arsov, Katsuhiko Asanuma, Valerie Askana, Eric Asselin, Ryuichiro Atarashi, Sally S Atherton, Julie D Atkin, Laura D Attardi, Patrick Auberger, Georg Auburger, Laure Aurelian, Riccardo Autelli, Laura Avagliano, Maria Laura Avantaggiati, Limor Avrahami, Suresh Awale, Neelam Azad, Tiziana Bachetti, Jonathan M Backer, Dong- Hun Bae, Jae-sung Bae, Ok-Nam Bae, Soo Han Bae, Eric H Baehrecke, Seung-Hoon Baek, Stephen Baghdiguian, Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna, Hua Bai, Jie Bai, Xue-Yuan Bai, Yannick Bailly, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy Balaji, Walter Balduini, Andrea Ballabio, Rena Balzan, Rajkumar Banerjee, Gábor Bánhegyi, Haijun Bao, Benoit Barbeau, Maria D Barrachina, Esther Barreiro, Bonnie Bartel, Alberto Bartolomé, Diane C Bassham, Maria Teresa Bassi, Robert C Bast Jr, Alakananda Basu, Maria Teresa Batista, Henri Batoko, Maurizio Battino, Kyle Bauckman, Bradley L Baumgarner, K Ulrich Bayer, Rupert Beale, Jean-François Beaulieu, George R. Beck Jr, Christoph Becker, J David Beckham, Pierre-André Bédard, Patrick J Bednarski, Thomas J Begley, Christian Behl, Christian Behrend, Georg MN Behren, Kevin E Behrn, Eloy Bejarano, Amine Belaid, Francesca Belleudi, Giovanni Bénard, Guy Berchem, Daniele Bergamaschi, Matteo Bergami, Ben Berkhout, Laura Berliocchi, Amélie Bernard, Monique Bernard, Francesca Bernassola, Anne Bertolotti, Amanda S Be, Sébastien Besteiro, Saverio Bettuzzi, Savita Bhalla, Shalmoli Bhattacharyya, Sujit K Bhutia, Caroline Biagosch, Michele Wolfe Bianchi, Martine Biard-Piechaczyk, Viktor Bille, Claudia Bincoletto, Baris Bingol, Sara W Bird, Marc Bitoun, Ivana Bjedov, Craig Blackstone, Lionel Blanc, Guillermo A Blanco, Heidi Kiil Blomhoff, Emilio Boada-Romero, Stefan Böckler, Marianne Boe, Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia, Lawrence H Boise, Alessandra Bolino, Andrea Boman, Paolo Bonaldo, Matteo Bordi, Jürgen Bosch, Luis M Botana, Joelle Botti, German Bou, Marina Bouché, Marion Bouchecareilh, Marie- Josée Boucher, Michael E Boulton, Sebastien G Bouret, Patricia Boya, Michaël Boyer-Guittaut, Peter V Bozhkov, Nathan Brady, Vania MM Braga, Claudio Brancolini, Gerhard H Brau, José M Bravo-San Pedro, Lisa A Brennan, Emery H Bresnick, Patrick Brest, Dave Bridge, MarieAgnès Bringer, Marisa Brini, Glauber C Brito, Bertha Brodin, Paul S Brooke, Eric J Brown, Karen Brown, Hal E Broxmeyer, Alain Bruhat, Patricia Chakur Brum, John H Brumell, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Robert J Bryson-Richardson, Shilpa Buch, Alastair M Buchan, Hikmet Budak, Dmitry V Bulavin, Scott J Bultman, Geert Bultynck, Vladimir Bumbasirevic, Yan Burelle, Robert E Burke, Margit Burmeister, Peter Bütikofer, Laura Caberlotto, Ken Cadwell, Monika Cahova, Dongsheng Cai, Jingjing Cai, Qian Cai, Sara Calatayud, Nadine Camougrand, Michelangelo Campanella, Grant R Campbell, Matthew Campbell, Silvia Campello, Robin Candau, Isabella Caniggia, Lavinia Cantoni, Lizhi Cao, Allan B Caplan, Michele Caraglia, Claudio Cardinali, Sandra Morais Cardoso, Jennifer S Carew, Laura A Carleton, Cathleen R Carlin, Silvia Carloni, Sven R Carlsson, Didac Carmona-Gutierrez, Leticia AM Carneiro, Oliana Carnevali, Serena Carra, Alice Carrier, Bernadette Carroll, Caty Casa, Josefina Casa, Giuliana Cassinelli, Perrine Castet, Susana Castro-Obregon, Gabriella Cavallini, Isabella Ceccherini, Francesco Cecconi, Arthur I Cederbaum, Valentín Ceña, Simone Cenci, Claudia Cerella, Davide Cervia, Silvia Cetrullo, Hassan Chaachouay, Han-Jung Chae, Andrei S Chagin, Chee-Yin Chai, Gopal Chakrabarti, Georgios Chamilo, Edmond YW Chan, Matthew TV Chan, Dhyan Chandra, Pallavi Chandra, Chih-Peng Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang, Ta Yuan Chang, John C Chatham, Saurabh Chatterjee, Santosh Chauhan, Yongsheng Che, Michael E Cheetham, Rajkumar Cheluvappa, Chun-Jung Chen, Gang Chen, Guang-Chao Chen, Guoqiang Chen, Hongzhuan Chen, Jeff W Chen, Jian-Kang Chen, Min Chen, Mingzhou Chen, Peiwen Chen, Qi Chen, Quan Chen, Shang- Der Chen, Si Chen, Steve S-L Chen, Wei Chen, Wei-Jung Chen, Wen Qiang Chen, Wenli Chen, Xiangmei Chen, Yau-Hung Chen, Ye-Guang Chen, Yin Chen, Yingyu Chen, Yongshun Chen, Yu- Jen Chen, Yue-Qin Chen, Yujie Chen, Zhen Chen, Zhong Chen, Alan Cheng, Christopher HK Cheng, Hua Cheng, Heesun Cheong, Sara Cherry, Jason Chesney, Chun Hei Antonio Cheung, Eric Chevet, Hsiang Cheng Chi, Sung-Gil Chi, Fulvio Chiacchiera, Hui-Ling Chiang, Roberto Chiarelli, Mario Chiariello, Marcello Chieppa, Lih-Shen Chin, Mario Chiong, Gigi NC Chiu, Dong-Hyung Cho, Ssang-Goo Cho, William C Cho, Yong-Yeon Cho, Young-Seok Cho, Augustine MK Choi, Eui-Ju Choi, Eun-Kyoung Choi, Jayoung Choi, Mary E Choi, Seung-Il Choi, Tsui-Fen Chou, Salem Chouaib, Divaker Choubey, Vinay Choubey, Kuan-Chih Chow, Kamal Chowdhury, Charleen T Chu, Tsung-Hsien Chuang, Taehoon Chun, Hyewon Chung, Taijoon Chung, Yuen-Li Chung, Yong-Joon Chwae, Valentina Cianfanelli, Roberto Ciarcia, Iwona A Ciechomska, Maria Rosa Ciriolo, Mara Cirone, Sofie Claerhout, Michael J Clague, Joan Clària, Peter GH Clarke, Robert Clarke, Emilio Clementi, Cédric Cleyrat, Miriam Cnop, Eliana M Coccia, Tiziana Cocco, Patrice Codogno, Jörn Coer, Ezra EW Cohen, David Colecchia, Luisa Coletto, Núria S Coll, Emma Colucci-Guyon, Sergio Comincini, Maria Condello, Katherine L Cook, Graham H Coomb, Cynthia D Cooper, J Mark Cooper, Isabelle Coppen, Maria Tiziana Corasaniti, Marco Corazzari, Ramon Corbalan, Elisabeth Corcelle-Termeau, Mario D Cordero, Cristina Corral-Ramo, Olga Corti, Andrea Cossarizza, Paola Costelli, Safia Coste, Susan L Cotman, Ana Coto-Monte, Sandra Cottet, Eduardo Couve, Lori R Covey, L Ashley Cowart, Jeffery S Cox, Fraser P Coxon, Carolyn B Coyne, Mark S Cragg, Rolf J Craven, Tiziana Crepaldi, Jose L Crespo, Alfredo Criollo, Valeria Crippa, Maria Teresa Cruz, Ana Maria Cuervo, Jose M Cuezva, Taixing Cui, Pedro R Cutilla, Mark J Czaja, Maria F Czyzyk-Krzeska, Ruben K Dagda, Uta Dahmen, Chunsun Dai, Wenjie Dai, Yun Dai, Kevin N Dalby, Luisa Dalla Valle, Guillaume Dalmasso, 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Vincent CO Njar, Takeshi Noda, Angelika A Noegel, Elsie Magdalena Nolte, Erik Norberg, Koenraad K Norga, Sakineh Kazemi Noureini, Shoji Notomi, Lucia Notterpek, Karin Nowikovsky, Nobuyuki Nukina, Thorsten Nürnberger, Valerie B O'Donnell, Tracey O'Donovan, Peter J O'Dwyer, Ina Oehme, Clara L Oeste, Michinaga Ogawa, Besim Ogretmen, Yuji Ogura, Young J Oh, Masaki Ohmuraya, Takayuki Ohshima, Rani Ojha, Koji Okamoto, Toshiro Okazaki, F Javier Oliver, Karin Ollinger, Stefan Olsson, Daniel P Orban, Paulina Ordonez, Idil Orhon, Laszlo Orosz, Eyleen J O'Rourke, Helena Orozco, Angel L Ortega, Elena Ortona, Laura D Osellame, Junko Oshima, Shigeru Oshima, Heinz D Osiewacz, Takanobu Otomo, Kinya Otsu, Jing-hsiung James Ou, Tiago F Outeiro, Dong-yun Ouyang, Hongjiao Ouyang, Michael Overholtzer, Michelle A Ozbun, P Hande Ozdinler, Bulent Ozpolat, Consiglia Pacelli, Paolo Paganetti, Guylène Page, Gilles Page, Ugo Pagnini, Beata Pajak, Stephen C Pak, Karolina Pakos-Zebrucka, Nazzy Pakpour, Zdena Palková, Francesca Palladino, Kathrin Pallauf, Nicolas Pallet, Marta Palmieri, Søren R Paludan, Camilla Palumbo, Silvia Palumbo, Olatz Pampliega, Hongming Pan, Wei Pan, Theocharis Panaretaki, Aseem Pandey, Areti Pantazopoulou, Zuzana Papackova, Daniela L Papademetrio, Issidora Papassideri, Alessio Papini, Nirmala Parajuli, Julian Pardo, Vrajesh V Parekh, Giancarlo Parenti, Jong-In Park, Junsoo Park, Ohkmae K Park, Roy Parker, Rosanna Parlato, Jan B Pary, Katherine R Parzych, Jean-Max Pasquet, Benoit Pasquier, Kishore BS Pasumarthi, Daniel Patschan, Cam Patterson, Sophie Pattingre, Scott Pattison, Arnim Pause, Hermann Pavenstädt, Flaminia Pavone, Zully Pedrozo, Fernando J Peña, Miguel A Peñalva, Mario Pende, Jianxin Peng, Fabio Penna, Josef M Penninger, Anna Pensalfini, Salvatore Pepe, Gustavo JS Pereira, Paulo C Pereira, Verónica Pérez-de la Cruz, María Esther Pérez-Pérez, Diego Pérez-Rodríguez, Dolores Pérez-Sala, Celine Perier, Andras Perl, David H Perlmutter, Ida Perrotta, Shazib Pervaiz, Maija Pesonen, Jeffrey E Pessin, Godefridus J Peter, Morten Petersen, Irina Petrache, Basil J Petrof, Goran Petrovski, James M Phang, Mauro Piacentini, Marina Pierdominici, Philippe Pierre, Valérie Pierrefite-Carle, Federico Pietrocola, Felipe X Pimentel-Muiño, Mario Pinar, Benjamin Pineda, Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski, Marcello Pinti, Paolo Pinton, Bilal Piperdi, James M Piret, Leonidas C Platania, Harald W Platta, Edward D Plowey, Stefanie Pöggeler, Marc Poirot, Peter Polčic, Angelo Poletti, Audrey H Poon, Hana Popelka, Blagovesta Popova, Izabela Poprawa, Shibu M Poulose, Joanna Poulton, Scott K Power, Ted Power, Mercedes Pozuelo- Rubio, Krisna Prak, Reinhild Prange, Mark Prescott, Muriel Priault, Sharon Prince, Richard L Proia, Tassula Proikas-Cezanne, Holger Prokisch, Vasilis J Prompona, Karin Przyklenk, Rosa Puertollano, Subbiah Pugazhenthi, Luigi Puglielli, Aurora Pujol, Julien Puyal, Dohun Pyeon, Xin Qi, Wen-bin Qian, Zheng-Hong Qin, Yu Qiu, Ziwei Qu, Joe Quadrilatero, Frederick Quinn, Nina Raben, Hannah Rabinowich, Flavia Radogna, Michael J Ragusa, Mohamed Rahmani, Komal Raina, Sasanka Ramanadham, Rajagopal Ramesh, Abdelhaq Rami, Sarron Randall- Demllo, Felix Randow, Hai Rao, V Ashutosh Rao, Blake B Rasmussen, Tobias M Rasse, Edward A Ratovitski, Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Swapan K Ray, Babak Razani, Bruce H Reed, Fulvio Reggiori, Markus Rehm, Andreas S Reichert, Theo Rein, David J Reiner, Eric Reit, Jun Ren, Xingcong Ren, Maurizio Renna, Jane EB Reusch, Jose L Revuelta, Leticia Reye, Alireza R Rezaie, Robert I Richard, Des R Richardson, Clémence Richetta, Michael A Riehle, Bertrand H Rihn, Yasuko Rikihisa, Brigit E Riley, Gerald Rimbach, Maria Rita Rippo, Konstantinos Riti, Federica Rizzi, Elizete Rizzo, Peter J Roach, Jeffrey Robbin, Michel Roberge, Gabriela Roca, Maria Carmela Roccheri, Sonia Rocha, Cecilia MP Rodrigue, Clara I Rodríguez, Santiago Rodriguez de Cordoba, Natalia Rodriguez-Muela, Jeroen Roelof, Vladimir V Rogov, Troy T Rohn, Bärbel Rohrer, Davide Romanelli, Luigina Romani, Patricia Silvia Romano, M Isabel G Roncero, Jose Luis Rosa, Alicia Rosello, Kirill V Rosen, Philip Rosenstiel, Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska, Kevin A Roth, Gael Roué, Mustapha Roui, Kasper M Rouschop, Daniel T Ruan, Diego Ruano, David C Rubinsztein, Edmund B Rucker III, Assaf Rudich, Emil Rudolf, Ruediger Rudolf, Markus A Ruegg, Carmen Ruiz-Roldan, Avnika Ashok Ruparelia, Paola Rusmini, David W Ru, Gian Luigi Russo, Giuseppe Russo, Rossella Russo, Tor Erik Rusten, Victoria Ryabovol, Kevin M Ryan, Stefan W Ryter, David M Sabatini, Michael Sacher, Carsten Sachse, Michael N Sack, Junichi Sadoshima, Paul Saftig, Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg, Sumit Sahni, Pothana Saikumar, Tsunenori Saito, Tatsuya Saitoh, Koichi Sakakura, Machiko Sakoh-Nakatogawa, Yasuhito Sakuraba, María Salazar-Roa, Paolo Salomoni, Ashok K Saluja, Paul M Salvaterra, Rosa Salvioli, Afshin Samali, Anthony MJ Sanchez, José A Sánchez-Alcázar, Ricardo Sanchez-Prieto, Marco Sandri, Miguel A Sanjuan, Stefano Santaguida, Laura Santambrogio, Giorgio Santoni, Claudia Nunes dos Santo, Shweta Saran, Marco Sardiello, Graeme Sargent, Pallabi Sarkar, Sovan Sarkar, Maria Rosa Sarria, Minnie M Sarwal, Chihiro Sasakawa, Motoko Sasaki, Miklos Sa, Ken Sato, Miyuki Sato, Joseph Satriano, Niramol Savaraj, Svetlana Saveljeva, Liliana Schaefer, Ulrich E Schaible, Michael Scharl, Hermann M Schatzl, Randy Schekman, Wiep Scheper, Alfonso Schiavi, Hyman M Schipper, Hana Schmeisser, Jens Schmidt, Ingo Schmitz, Bianca E Schneider, E Marion Schneider, Jaime L Schneider, Eric A Schon, Miriam J Schönenberger, Axel H Schönthal, Daniel F Schorderet, Bernd Schröder, Sebastian Schuck, Ryan J Schulze, Melanie Schwarten, Thomas L Schwarz, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Kathleen Scotto, A Ivana Scovassi, Robert A Screaton, Mark Screen, Hugo Seca, Simon Sedej, Laura Segatori, Nava Segev, Per O Seglen, Jose M Seguí- Simarro, Juan Segura-Aguilar, Ekihiro Seki, Iban Seiliez, Christian Sell, Clay F Semenkovich, Gregg L Semenza, Utpal Sen, Andreas L Serra, Ana Serrano-Puebla, Hiromi Sesaki, Takao Setoguchi, Carmine Settembre, John J Shacka, Ayesha N Shajahan-Haq, Irving M Shapiro, Shweta Sharma, Hua She, C-K James Shen, Chiung-Chyi Shen, Han-Ming Shen, Sanbing Shen, Weili Shen, Rui Sheng, Xianyong Sheng, Zu-Hang Sheng, Trevor G Shepherd, Junyan Shi, Qiang Shi, Qinghua Shi, Yuguang Shi, Shusaku Shibutani, Kenichi Shibuya, Yoshihiro Shidoji, Jeng- Jer Shieh, Chwen-Ming Shih, Yohta Shimada, Shigeomi Shimizu, Dong Wook Shin, Mari L Shinohara, Michiko Shintani, Takahiro Shintani, Tetsuo Shioi, Ken Shirabe, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov, Orian Shirihai, Gordon C Shore, Chih-Wen Shu, Deepak Shukla, Andriy A Sibirny, Valentina Sica, Christina J Sigurdson, Einar M Sigurdsson, Puran Singh Sijwali, Beata Sikorska, Wilian A Silveira, Sandrine Silvente-Poirot, Gary A Silverman, Jan Simak, Thomas Simmet, Anna Katharina Simon, Hans-Uwe Simon, Cristiano Simone, Matias Simon, Anne Simonsen, Rajat Singh, Shivendra V Singh, Shrawan K Singh, Debasish Sinha, Sangita Sinha, Frank A Sinicrope, Agnieszka Sirko, Kapil Sirohi, Balindiwe JN Sishi, Annie Sittler, Parco M Siu, Efthimios Sivridi, Anna Skwarska, Ruth Slack, Iva Slaninová, Nikolai Slavov, Soraya S Smaili, Keiran SM Smalley, Duncan R Smith, Stefaan J Soenen, Scott A Soleimanpour, Anita Solhaug, Kumaravel Somasundaram, Jin H Son, Avinash Sonawane, Chunjuan Song, Fuyong Song, Hyun Kyu Song, Ju-Xian Song, Wei Song, Kai Y Soo, Anil K Sood, Tuck Wah Soong, Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, Maurizio Sorice, Federica Sotgia, David R Soto-Pantoja, Areechun Sotthibundhu, Maria João Sousa, Herman P Spaink, Paul N Span, Anne Spang, Janet D Spark, Peter G Speck, Stephen A Spector, Claudia D Spie, Wolfdieter Springer, Daret St Clair, Alessandra Stacchiotti, Bart Stael, Michael T Stang, Daniel T Starczynowski, Petro Starokadomskyy, Clemens Steegborn, John W Steele, Leonidas Stefani, Joan Steffan, Christine M Stellrecht, Harald Stenmark, Tomasz M Stepkowski, Stęphan T Stern, Craig Steven, Brent R Stockwell, Veronika Stoka, Zuzana Storchova, Björn Stork, Vassilis Stratoulia, Dimitrios J Stravopodi, Pavel Strnad, Anne Marie Strohecker, Anna- Lena Ström, Per Stromhaug, Jiri Stulik, Yu-Xiong Su, Zhaoliang Su, Carlos S Subauste, Srinivasa Subramaniam, Carolyn M Sue, Sang Won Suh, Xinbing Sui, Supawadee Sukseree, David Sulzer, Fang-Lin Sun, Jiaren Sun, Jun Sun, Shi-Yong Sun, Yang Sun, Yi Sun, Yingjie Sun, Vinod Sundaramoorthy, Joseph Sung, Hidekazu Suzuki, Kuninori Suzuki, Naoki Suzuki, Tadashi Suzuki, Yuichiro J Suzuki, Michele S Swanson, Charles Swanton, Karl Swärd, Ghanshyam Swarup, Sean T Sweeney, Paul W Sylvester, Zsuzsanna Szatmari, Eva Szegezdi, Peter W Szlosarek, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Marco Tafani, Emmanuel Taillebourg, Stephen WG Tait, Krisztina Takacs-Vellai, Yoshinori Takahashi, Szabolcs Takát, Genzou Takemura, Nagio Takigawa, Nicholas J Talbot, Elena Tamagno, Jerome Tamburini, Cai-Ping Tan, Lan Tan, Mei Lan Tan, Ming Tan, Yee-Joo Tan, Keiji Tanaka, Masaki Tanaka, Daolin Tang, Dingzhong Tang, Guomei Tang, Isei Tanida, Kunikazu Tanji, Bakhos A Tannou, Jose A Tapia, Inmaculada Tasset-Cueva, Marc Tatar, Iman Tavassoly, Nektarios Tavernaraki, Allen Taylor, Graham S Taylor, Gregory A Taylor, J Paul Taylor, Mark J Taylor, Elena V Tchetina, Andrew R Tee, Fatima Teixeira-Clerc, Sucheta Telang, Tewin Tencomnao, Ba-Bie Teng, Ru-Jeng Teng, Faraj Terro, Gianluca Tettamanti, Arianne L Thei, Anne E Theron, Kelly Jean Thoma, Marcos P Thomé, Paul G Thome, Andrew Thorburn, Jeremy Thorner, Thomas Thum, Michael Thumm, Teresa LM Thurston, Ling Tian, Andreas Till, Jenny Pan-yun Ting, Vladimir I Titorenko, Lilach Toker, Stefano Toldo, Sharon A Tooze, Ivan Topisirovic, Maria Lyngaas Torgersen, Liliana Torosantucci, Alicia Torriglia, Maria Rosaria Torrisi, Cathy Tournier, Roberto Town, Vladimir Trajkovic, Leonardo H Travasso, Gemma Triola, Durga Nand Tripathi, Daniela Trisciuoglio, Rodrigo Troncoso, Ioannis P Trougako, Anita C Truttmann, Kuen-Jer Tsai, Mario P Tschan, Yi-Hsin Tseng, Takayuki Tsukuba, Allan Tsung, Andrey S Tsvetkov, Shuiping Tu, Hsing-Yu Tuan, Marco Tucci, David A Tumbarello, Boris Turk, Vito Turk, Robin FB Turner, Anders A Tveita, Suresh C Tyagi, Makoto Ubukata, Yasuo Uchiyama, Andrej Udelnow, Takashi Ueno, Midori Umekawa, Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji, Benjamin R Underwood, Christian Ungermann, Rodrigo P. Ureshino, Ryo Ushioda, Vladimir N Uversky, Néstor L Uzcátegui, Thomas Vaccari, Maria I Vaccaro, Libuše Váchová, Helin Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Rut Valdor, Enza Maria Valente, Francois Vallette, Angela M Valverde, Greet Van den Berghe, Ludo Van Den Bosch, Gijs R van den Brink, F Gisou van der Goot, Ida J van der Klei, Luc JW van der Laan, Wouter G van Doorn, Marjolein van Egmond, Kenneth L van Golen, Luc Van Kaer, Menno van Lookeren Campagne, Peter Vandenabeele, Wim Vandenberghe, Ilse Vanhorebeek, Isabel Varela-Nieto, M Helena Vasconcelo, Radovan Vasko, Demetrios G Vavva, Ignacio Vega- Naredo, Guillermo Velasco, Athanassios D Velentza, Panagiotis D Velentza, Tibor Vellai, Edo Vellenga, Mikkel Holm Vendelbo, Kartik Venkatachalam, Natascia Ventura, Salvador Ventura, Patrícia ST Vera, Mireille Verdier, Beata G Vertessy, Andrea Viale, Michel Vidal, Helena LA Vieira, Richard D Vierstra, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Neeraj Vij, Miquel Vila, Margarita Villar, Victor H Villar, Joan Villarroya, Cécile Vindi, Giampietro Viola, Maria Teresa Viscomi, Giovanni Vitale, Dan T Vogl, Olga V Voitsekhovskaja, Clarissa von Haefen, Karin von Schwarzenberg, Daniel E Voth, Valérie Vouret-Craviari, Kristina Vuori, Jatin M Vya, Christian Waeber, Cheryl Lyn Walker, Mark J Walker, Jochen Walter, Lei Wan, Xiangbo Wan, Bo Wang, Caihong Wang, Chao-Yung Wang, Chengshu Wang, Chenran Wang, Chuangui Wang, Dong Wang, Fen Wang, Fuxin Wang, Guanghui Wang, Hai-jie Wang, Haichao Wang, Hong-Gang Wang, Hongmin Wang, Horng-Dar Wang, Jing Wang, Junjun Wang, Mei Wang, Mei-Qing Wang, Pei-Yu Wang, Peng Wang, Richard C Wang, Shuo Wang, Ting-Fang Wang, Xian Wang, Xiao-jia Wang, Xiao-Wei Wang, Xin Wang, Xuejun Wang, Yan Wang, Yanming Wang, Ying Wang, Ying-Jan Wang, Yipeng Wang, Yu Wang, Yu Tian Wang, Yuqing Wang, Zhi-Nong Wang, Pablo Wappner, Carl Ward, Diane McVey Ward, Gary Warne, Hirotaka Watada, Yoshihisa Watanabe, Kei Watase, Timothy E Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=kaup20 Download by: [Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna] Date: 23 September 2016, At: 06:43 Weaver, Colin D Weeke, Jiwu Wei, Thomas Weide, Conrad C Weihl, Günther Weindl, Simone Nardin Wei, Longping Wen, Xin Wen, Yunfei Wen, Benedikt Westermann, Cornelia M Weyand, Anthony R White, Eileen White, J Lindsay Whitton, Alexander J Whitworth, Joëlle Wiel, Franziska Wild, Manon E Wildenberg, Tom Wileman, Deepti Srinivas Wilkinson, Simon Wilkinson, Dieter Willbold, Chris William, Katherine William, Peter R Williamson, Konstanze F Winklhofer, Steven S Witkin, Stephanie E Wohlgemuth, Thomas Wollert, Ernst J Wolvetang, Esther Wong, G William Wong, Richard W Wong, Vincent Kam Wai Wong, Elizabeth A Woodcock, Karen L Wright, Chunlai Wu, Defeng Wu, Gen Sheng Wu, Jian Wu, Junfang Wu, Mian Wu, Min Wu, Shengzhou Wu, William KK Wu, Yaohua Wu, Zhenlong Wu, Cristina PR Xavier, Ramnik J Xavier, Gui-Xian Xia, Tian Xia, Weiliang Xia, Yong Xia, Hengyi Xiao, Jian Xiao, Shi Xiao, Wuhan Xiao, Chuan-Ming Xie, Zhiping Xie, Zhonglin Xie, Maria Xilouri, Yuyan Xiong, Chuanshan Xu, Congfeng Xu, Feng Xu, Haoxing Xu, Hongwei Xu, Jian Xu, Jianzhen Xu, Jinxian Xu, Liang Xu, Xiaolei Xu, Yangqing Xu, Ye Xu, Zhi-Xiang Xu, Ziheng Xu, Yu Xue, Takahiro Yamada, Ai Yamamoto, Koji Yamanaka, Shunhei Yamashina, Shigeko Yamashiro, Bing Yan, Bo Yan, Xianghua Yan, Zhen Yan, Yasuo Yanagi, Dun-Sheng Yang, Jin-Ming Yang, Liu Yang, Minghua Yang, Pei-Ming Yang, Peixin Yang, Qian Yang, Wannian Yang, Wei Yuan Yang, Xuesong Yang, Yi Yang, Ying Yang, Zhifen Yang, Zhihong Yang, Meng-Chao Yao, Pamela J Yao, Xiaofeng Yao, Zhenyu Yao, Zhiyuan Yao, Linda S Yasui, Mingxiang Ye, Barry Yedvobnick, Behzad Yeganeh, Elizabeth S Yeh, Patricia L Yeyati, Fan Yi, Long Yi, Xiao-Ming Yin, Calvin K Yip, Yeong-Min Yoo, Young Hyun Yoo, Seung-Yong Yoon, Ken-Ichi Yoshida, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Ken H Young, Huixin Yu, Jane J Yu, Jin-Tai Yu, Jun Yu, Li Yu, W Haung Yu, Xiao-Fang Yu, Zhengping Yu, Junying Yuan, Zhi-Min Yuan, Beatrice YJT Yue, Jianbo Yue, Zhenyu Yue, David N Zack, Eldad Zacksenhau, Nadia Zaffaroni, Tania Zaglia, Zahra Zakeri, Vincent Zecchini, Jinsheng Zeng, Min Zeng, Qi Zeng, Antonis S Zervo, Donna D Zhang, Fan Zhang, Guo Zhang, Guo-Chang Zhang, Hao Zhang, Hong Zhang, Hongbing Zhang, Jian Zhang, Jiangwei Zhang, Jianhua Zhang, Jing-pu Zhang, Li Zhang, Lin Zhang, Long Zhang, Ming-Yong Zhang, Xiangnan Zhang, Xu Dong Zhang, Yan Zhang, Yang Zhang, Yanjin Zhang, Yingmei Zhang, Yunjiao Zhang, Mei Zhao, Wei-Li Zhao, Xiaonan Zhao, Yan G Zhao, Ying Zhao, Yongchao Zhao, Yu-xia Zhao, Zhendong Zhao, Zhizhuang J Zhao, Dexian Zheng, Xi-Long Zheng, Xiaoxiang Zheng, Boris Zhivotovsky, Qing Zhong, Guang-Zhou Zhou, Guofei Zhou, Huiping Zhou, Shu-Feng Zhou, Xu-jie Zhou, Hongxin Zhu, Hua Zhu, Wei- Guo Zhu, Wenhua Zhu, Xiao-Feng Zhu, Yuhua Zhu, Shi-Mei Zhuang, Xiaohong Zhuang, Elio Ziparo, Christos E Zoi, Teresa Zoladek, Wei-Xing Zong, and Antonio Zorzano & Susu M Zughaier
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], autophagosome, Review Article, ddc:616.07, stress, stre, LC3, MESH: Animals, Settore MED/49 - Scienze Tecniche Dietetiche Applicate, Settore BIO/06 - Anatomia Comparata E Citologia, chaperone-mediated autophagy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Settore BIO/11, Pharmacology. Therapy, Settore BIO/13, standards [Biological Assay], autolysosome, MESH: Autophagy*/physiology, lysosome, methods [Biological Assay], Biological Assay, Settore BIO/17 - ISTOLOGIA, Erratum, Human, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Settore BIO/06, physiology [Autophagy], Chaperonemediated autophagy, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, NO, autophagy, guidelines, molecular biology, ultrastructure, flux, macroautophagy, phagophore, vacuole, MESH: Biological Assay/methods, MESH: Computer Simulation, ddc:570, Autolysosome, Autophagosome, Chaperonemediated autophagy, Flux, LC3, Lysosome, Macroautophagy, Phagophore, Stress, Vacuole, Autophagy, Animals, Humans, Computer Simulation, Settore BIO/10, ddc:612, Biology, MESH: Humans, Animal, 0601 Biochemistry And Cell Biology, MESH: Biological Assay/standards, Human medicine
Abstract: Seuls les 100 premiers auteurs dont les auteurs INRA ont été entrés dans la notice. La liste complète des auteurs et de leurs affiliations est accessible sur la publication.; International audience; In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes.For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy.Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation, it is imperative to target by gene knockout or RNA interference more than one autophagy-related protein. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways implying that not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Published: 2016

37. Cancer stem cells are enriched in Fanconi anemia head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Author: Ananth Annapragada, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Varatharasa Thiviyanathan, Jean Wu, and Qingshan Mu
Subjects: cancer stem cells, Cancer Research, Pathology, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, medicine.disease_cause, Metastasis, Mice, education.field_of_study, Nanog Homeobox Protein, Articles, Middle Aged, Cell cycle, 3. Good health, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Isoenzymes, Oncology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Female, Homeobox protein NANOG, medicine.medical_specialty, tumorspheres, Population, Biology, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family, stomatognathic system, Cancer stem cell, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Aldefluor assay, xenograft, education, neoplasms, Homeodomain Proteins, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Proteins, Retinal Dehydrogenase, Cancer, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, stomatognathic diseases, Fanconi Anemia, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Carcinogenesis, Octamer Transcription Factor-3
Abstract: Fanconi anemia (FA) patients have an increased risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at a higher rate with no apparent risk factors. HNSCC of FA patients is an aggressive tumor characterized by multifocal origin, early metastases and frequent recurrences. Given that cancer stem cells (CSC) drive tumorigenesis, tumor recurrence and metastasis, in this study, we characterized the CSC population in FA and sporadic HNSCC. The Aldefluor assay was used to characterize and isolate CSC with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity (ALDHpos) in cell lines derived from FA and sporadic HNSCC. Isolated ALDHpos and ALDHneg cells were examined for the expression of stemness genes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) array. Tumor cell-derived FA and sporadic HNSCC were examined for their ability to form tumorspheres in vitro. Stem-like cell population in FA and sporadic HNSCC in human and mouse xenograft tumors were evaluated using ALDH isoform 1 (ALDH1) immunohistochemistry. FA-HNSCC cell lines harbor a greater proportion of ALDHpos cells (15–31%) compared to sporadic HNSCC (10%). Expression of Nanog, Oct-3/4 and Stella, molecular markers of undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells were detected in the ALDHpos FA-HNSCC cells and not in the ALDHneg cells. FA-HNSCC cell lines revealed enhanced in vitro tumorsphere formation compared to sporadic HNSCC cells. A higher percentage of ALDH1pos tumor cells are noted in the human and mouse xenograft tumors of FA-HNSCC compared to sporadic HNSCC tumors. FA-HNSCC are highly enriched for CSC and may serve as a model to develop CSC-targeted therapies for HNSCC.
Published: 2014

38. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: Recognition and differentiation from conventional leukoplakia and mimics

Author: Pierre Saintigny, Hanadi Fatani, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Adel K. El-Naggar, and Ann M. Gillenwater
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Invasive carcinoma, business.industry, medicine.disease, Histologic Progression, Dermatology, Oral leukoplakia, stomatognathic diseases, Otorhinolaryngology, Dysplasia, medicine, Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, Basal cell, Differential diagnosis, business, Leukoplakia
Abstract: The majority of conventional leukoplakia remains constant and only a subset progress to high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma. A less recognized form known as proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) represents a unique progressive and elusive variant. Identifying patients with this form can only be achieved through the keen clinical observation of the temporal gross and histologic progression in individual patients with squamous cell carcinoma. The difficulty in the early diagnosis of PVL stems from the overlapping clinical and pathologic features with conventional multifocal leukoplakia with dysplasia. We present the current view on the clinicopathologic and biological characteristics of PVL and discuss their diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management.
Published: 2014

39. Epidemiologic Trends in Head and Neck Cancer and Aids in Diagnosis

Author: Michelle D. Williams and Nadarajah Vigneswaran
Subjects: Diagnostic Imaging, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Article, Malignant transformation, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Biopsy, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Papillomaviridae, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Head and neck cancer, Cancer, Tobacco Use Disorder, medicine.disease, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Oropharyngeal Neoplasms, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Oral examination, Surgery, Oral Surgery, Mouth Diseases, business
Abstract: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide predominately associated with tobacco use. Changing cause and increased incidence in oropharyngeal carcinomas is associated with high-risk types of human papilloma virus and has an improved survival. Optical devices may augment visual oral examination; however, their lack of specificity still warrants tissue evaluation/biopsy. Histologic factors of oral carcinomas are critical for patient management and prognostic determination. Clinical biomarkers are still needed to improve early detection, predict malignant transformation, and optimize therapies.
Published: 2014

40. Involvement of Ly6C, 4-1BB, and KLRG1 in the activation of lamina propria lymphocytes in the small intestine of sanroque mice

Author: Alexander Williams, John R. Klein, Dina Montufar-Solis, and Nadarajah Vigneswaran
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Heterozygote, T cell, Biophysics, Inflammation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Biology, Biochemistry, Article, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, Interferon-gamma, Mice, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9, Crohn Disease, Intestine, Small, medicine, Animals, Antigens, Ly, Lectins, C-Type, Lymphocytes, Receptors, Immunologic, Molecular Biology, Lamina propria, Mucous Membrane, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, CD137, Interleukin-17, Cell Biology, Flow Cytometry, Molecular biology, Small intestine, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, Intraepithelial lymphocyte, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, medicine.symptom
Abstract: Roquin is an E3 ligase that regulates mRNA stability. Mice with a mutation in the Rc3h1 gene and Roquin protein, referred to as Roquin(san/san) or sanroque mice, develop broad-spectrum chronic inflammatory conditions and autoimmune pathologies. Our laboratory recently reported that sanroque mice also develop extensive inflammation that is localized in the small intestine but is rare in the colon. Here, we demonstrate that small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are present in the epithelium of sanroque mice but that cell recoverability is low using standard extraction techniques even though lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) can be recovered in normal numbers. In studies aimed at characterizing T cell costimulatory markers and activation molecules on LPLs in sanroque mice, we identified Ly6C and 4-1BB (CD137) as being expressed at elevated levels on sanroque small intestinal LPLs, and we show that both of those subsets, in conjunction with cells expressing the KLRG1 T cell activation molecule, are sources of IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNFα. TNFα was primarily produced by 4-1BB+, KLRG1- cells, but was also made by some 4-1BB-, KLRG1- cells, and 4-1BB-, KLRG1+ cells. These findings collectively suggest that the small intestinal inflammatory response in sanroque mice is driven, at least in part, by LPL activation through Ly6C and 4-1BB signaling, and they provide further evidence in support of using the sanroque mouse as an animal model of chronic small intestinal inflammation.
Published: 2016

41. Development of an integrated multimodal optical imaging system with real-time image analysis for the evaluation of oral premalignant lesions

Author: Alex Lang, Justin Jacob, Ann M. Gillenwater, Jessica Rodriguez, Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Michelle D. Williams, Eric C. Yang, Nancy Bass, Katelin D. Cherry, Hawraa Badaoui, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Richard A. Schwarz, Imran Vohra, and Timothy Quang
Subjects: Paper, medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, Point-of-Care Systems, Biomedical Engineering, Image registration, Image processing, autofluorescence, Multimodal Imaging, 01 natural sciences, oral lesion, fiber bundle, Pattern Recognition, Automated, 010309 optics, Biomaterials, Biopsy Site, 0103 physical sciences, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, General, Leukoplakia, OPLS, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Optical Imaging, Reproducibility of Results, Endoscopy, oral cancer, medicine.disease, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 3. Good health, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, stomatognathic diseases, Autofluorescence, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Dysplasia, Mouth Neoplasms, Radiology, in vivo imaging, Mouth Diseases, business, Precancerous Conditions, Algorithms, Software
Abstract: Oral premalignant lesions (OPLs), such as leukoplakia, are at risk of malignant transformation to oral cancer. Clinicians can elect to biopsy OPLs and assess them for dysplasia, a marker of increased risk. However, it is challenging to decide which OPLs need a biopsy and to select a biopsy site. We developed a multimodal optical imaging system (MMIS) that fully integrates the acquisition, display, and analysis of macroscopic white-light (WL), autofluorescence (AF), and high-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) images to noninvasively evaluate OPLs. WL and AF images identify suspicious regions with high sensitivity, which are explored at higher resolution with the HRME to improve specificity. Key features include a heat map that delineates suspicious regions according to AF images, and real-time image analysis algorithms that predict pathologic diagnosis at imaged sites. Representative examples from ongoing studies of the MMIS demonstrate its ability to identify high-grade dysplasia in OPLs that are not clinically suspicious, and to avoid unnecessary biopsies of benign OPLs that are clinically suspicious. The MMIS successfully integrates optical imaging approaches (WL, AF, and HRME) at multiple scales for the noninvasive evaluation of OPLs.
Published: 2019

42. Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL)

Author: Hanadi Fatani, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Ann M. Gillenwater, Adel K. El-Naggar, and Pierre Saintigny
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Leukoplakia, Hairy, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Diagnosis, Differential, stomatognathic system, Oral and maxillofacial pathology, Carcinoma, medicine, Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, Humans, Aged, Leukoplakia, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Squamous carcinoma, Oral leukoplakia, stomatognathic diseases, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Dysplasia, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Disease Progression, Female, Leukoplakia, Oral, Anatomy, Differential diagnosis, business, Precancerous Conditions, Lichen Planus, Oral
Abstract: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare less recognized form of oral leukoplakia. Patients with this condition represent a unique clinically and pathologically progressive characteristic from conventional leukoplakia. Because of the lack of defined pathologic lesions, identifying patients with the early diagnosis of PVL is challenging. This is largely due to the overlapping clinical and pathologic early features with conventional multifocal leukoplakia with dysplasia. The diagnosis can only be achieved through the keen clinical observation of the temporal progression in individual patients to verrucous and/or conventional squamous carcinoma. We present a brief view of the clinicopathologic and biological characteristics of PVL and discuss diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management.
Published: 2013

43. ‘Cytology-on-a-chip’ based sensors for monitoring of potentially malignant oral lesions

Author: Tim Abram, Stephanie D. Rowan, Chih Ko Yeh, A. Ross Kerr, Nagi Demian, Y. Etan Weinstock, Paul M. Speight, John T. McDevitt, Christine Freeman, Spencer W. Redding, Patricia Corby, Nicolaos Christodoulides, Cathy Le, Craig Murdoch, Kailash Karthikeyan, Frank R. Miller, Rameez Raja, Julie Vick, Anne M. Hegarty, Ismael Khouly, Martin H. Thornhill, Jerry E. Bouquot, Robert James, Joan A. Phelan, Humberto Talavera, Pierre N. Floriano, Katy D'Apice, Michael Nguyen, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Leander Taylor, H. Stan McGuff, Surabhi Gaur, and Jorge Wong
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, NC ratio, Objective data, Cellular level, Article, Automation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Cytology, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Monitoring, Physiologic, business.industry, Surgical procedures, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, High-content screening, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Histopathology, Radiology, Oral Surgery, business, Tissue biopsy
Abstract: Despite significant advances in surgical procedures and treatment, long-term prognosis for patients with oral cancer remains poor, with survival rates among the lowest of major cancers. Better methods are desperately needed to identify potential malignancies early when treatments are more effective. Objective To develop robust classification models from cytology-on-a-chip measurements that mirror diagnostic performance of gold standard approach involving tissue biopsy. Materials and methods Measurements were recorded from 714 prospectively recruited patients with suspicious lesions across 6 diagnostic categories (each confirmed by tissue biopsy -histopathology) using a powerful new ‘cytology-on-a-chip’ approach capable of executing high content analysis at a single cell level. Over 200 cellular features related to biomarker expression, nuclear parameters and cellular morphology were recorded per cell. By cataloging an average of 2000 cells per patient, these efforts resulted in nearly 13 million indexed objects. Results Binary “low-risk”/“high-risk” models yielded AUC values of 0.88 and 0.84 for training and validation models, respectively, with an accompanying difference in sensitivity + specificity of 6.2%. In terms of accuracy, this model accurately predicted the correct diagnosis approximately 70% of the time, compared to the 69% initial agreement rate of the pool of expert pathologists. Key parameters identified in these models included cell circularity, Ki67 and EGFR expression, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear area, and cell area. Conclusions This chip-based approach yields objective data that can be leveraged for diagnosis and management of patients with PMOL as well as uncovering new molecular-level insights behind cytological differences across the OED spectrum.
Published: 2016

44. Conjugate-SELEX: A High-throughput Screening of Thioaptamer-liposomal Nanoparticle Conjugates for Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Anticancer Drugs

Author: Hongyu Wang, Varatharasa Thiviyanathan, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Ananth Annapragada, Akshaya Annapragada, Qingshan Mu, Jean Wu, Xin Li, David G. Gorenstein, Mayank Srivastava, and Alexander Williams
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Aptamer, Cell, aptamers, Biology, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, 03 medical and health sciences, ligand-targeted drug delivery, Drug Discovery, medicine, Doxorubicin, Cytotoxicity, conjugate-SELEX, nanoparticle, lcsh:RM1-950, AHNAK, Molecular biology, 3. Good health, lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Drug delivery, Cancer research, Molecular Medicine, Nanomedicine, Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, Intracellular, medicine.drug
Abstract: Patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving chemotherapy have a poor prognosis partly due to normal tissue toxicity; therefore, development of a tumor-targeted drug delivery platform to minimize collateral toxicity is a goal of cancer nanomedicine. Aptamers can achieve this purpose. While conventional Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) screens aptamer-only libraries and conjugates them to delivery vehicles after selection, we hypothesized that specific delivery requires screening libraries with aptamer-nanoparticle conjugates. We designed a procedure called, “Conjugate-SELEX”, where liposomal nanoparticles (LNP) conjugated with aptamers is screened to identify aptamers that carried attached LNPs to the human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell cytosol. Aptamer-LNPs were simultaneously selected for a low affinity to human hepatocytes, minimizing hepatoxicity and LNP clearance. Post-SELEX Next Generation sequencing demonstrated convergence to a family of sequences with one base difference. Affinity pulldown and proteomics analysis identified the uptake-mediating surface receptor as the neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK (Desmoyokin), a ubiquitous intracellular protein expressed in certain epithelial cell types. Uptake studies with the lead aptamer-conjugates showed enhanced uptake and increased cytotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in cells treated with aptamer-conjugated LNPs over LNP controls. Conjugate-SELEX identifies aptamers capable of targeted cytosolic delivery of attached LNPs payload, while minimizing off-target delivery. The technique lends itself to identification of uptake-mediating surface receptors.
Published: 2016

45. Erlotinib and the Risk of Oral Cancer: The Erlotinib Prevention of Oral Cancer (EPOC) Randomized Clinical Trial

Author: Pierre Saintigny, Elizabeth A. Blair, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Li Mao, Ann M. Gillenwater, J. Jack Lee, Scott M. Lippman, Dong M. Shin, Vassiliki A. Papadimitrakopoulou, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Jeffrey N. Myers, Nancy Shinn, John V. Heymach, J. Silvio Gutkind, William N. William, Jay O. Boyle, Ximing Tang, Adel K. El-Naggar, Timothy F. Meiller, Mark W. Lingen, Heather Lin, Jack W. Martin, Ezra E.W. Cohen, Edward S. Kim, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon ( CRCL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Male, Cancer Research, Time Factors, Survival, Administration, Oral, Loss of Heterozygosity, Growth, Medical Oncology, law.invention, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, surgery, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Risk Factors, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Prospective Studies, Erlotinib Hydrochloride, Prospective cohort study, Cancer, Skin, Mouth neoplasm, screening and diagnosis, biology, Hazard ratio, Palliative Care, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, ErbB Receptors, Detection, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Administration, Public Health and Health Services, Medicine, Female, Mouth Neoplasms, Erlotinib, France, history, secondary, medicine.drug, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Receptor, Oral, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Patients, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Placebo, Risk Assessment, Disease-Free Survival, Drug Administration Schedule, Time, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, medicine, Genetics, Anticarcinogenic Agents, Humans, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, neoplasms, Epidermal Growth Factor, business.industry, Prevention, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, United States, Surgery, stomatognathic diseases, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, pathology, business, Precancerous Conditions
Abstract: International audience; IMPORTANCE: Standard molecularly based strategies to predict and/or prevent oral cancer development in patients with oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To test if the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib would reduce oral cancer development in patients with high-risk OPLs defined by specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles. Secondary objectives included prospective determination of LOH as a prognostic marker in OPLs. DESIGN: The Erlotinib Prevention of Oral Cancer (EPOC) study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-bind trial. Accrual occurred from November 2006 through July 2012, with a median follow-up time of 35 months in an ambulatory care setting in 5 US academic referral institutions. Patients with OPLs were enrolled in the protocol, and each underwent LOH profiling (N = 379); they were classified as high-risk (LOH-positive) or low-risk (LOH-negative) patients based on their LOH profiles and oral cancer history. The randomized sample consisted of 150 LOH-positive patients. INTERVENTIONS: Oral erlotinib treatment (150 mg/d) or placebo for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Oral cancer-free survival (CFS). RESULTS: A total of 395 participants were classified with LOH profiles, and 254 were classified LOH positive. Of these, 150 (59%) were randomized, 75 each to the placebo and erlotinib groups. The 3-year CFS rates in placebo- and erlotinib-treated patients were 74% and 70%, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% CI, 0.68-2.38; P = .45). The 3-year CFS was significantly lower for LOH-positive compared with LOH-negative groups (74% vs 87%, HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.25-3.83; P = .01). Increased EGFR gene copy number correlated with LOH-positive status (P \\textless .001) and lower CFS (P = .01). The EGFR gene copy number was not predictive of erlotinib efficacy. Erlotinib-induced skin rash was associated with improved CFS (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this trial, LOH was validated as a marker of oral cancer risk and found to be associated with increased EGFR copy number (the target of the intervention). Erlotinib did not, however, improve CFS in high-risk patients with LOH-positive or high-EGFR-gene-copy-number OPLs. These results support incorporation of LOH testing as a prognostic tool in routine clinical practice but do not support erlotinib use in this setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00402779
Published: 2016

46. Erratum

Author: Sascha Martens, Masashi Narita, Rajkumar Cheluvappa, Kevin A. Roth, Ta Yuan Chang, Kartik Venkatachalam, Chang-Shen Lin, Sharon G. Adler, Flaminia Pavone, Dianwen Ju, Michelle A. Ozbun, Michael R. Duchen, Shu Feng Zhou, Wei-Guo Zhu, Aaron Di Antonio, Defeng Wu, Taixing Cui, Xu Guang Guo, Zhiping Xie, Lorena García Nannig, Eloy Bejarano, Stéphane D. Lemaire, Petro Starokadomskyy, Hyung Ryong Kim, Mario Pinar, Rebecca T. Marquez, Zvenyslava Husak, Anthony R. White, Joanna Poulton, Antonis S. Zervos, Shweta Sharma, Jochen Walter, Nicholas T. Ktistakis, Christopher H.K. Cheng, Sunhee Lee, Yuen Li Chung, Howard O. Fearnhead, Young J. Oh, Ivano Amelio, Guillermo A. Blanco, Jan Simak, Junfang Wu, Yingying Lu, Mary Kate McBrayer, Soo Han Bae, Ichizo Nishino, Hong-Ming Hu, Benjamin R. Underwood, Tomonori Kimura, Zexian Liu, Savithrama P. Dinesh-Kumar, Qian Yang, Andreas Kern, Hsing Jien Kung, Jan B. Parys, Cam Patterson, Celine Perier, Toshiro Okazaki, Daisuke Koya, Avinash Sonawane, Cédric Cleyrat, Robert I. Richards, Kai Y. Soo, Rodrigo Mora-Rodriguez, Gigi N.C. Chiu, Moon Moo Kim, Vladimir N. Uversky, Shengfang Ge, Matthew T. V. Chan, Irene Kyrmizi, Lara Gibellini, Ángela M. Valverde, Erik Norberg, Fan Zhang, Jan C. Koch, Alec C. Kimmelman, Jingfang Ju, Jie Bai, Lei Duan, Paulina Ordonez, Shuwen Liu, Wolfdieter Springer, Eric Deutsch, Elena Ortona, Jose M. Seguí-Simarro, Vinay Choubey, Leonidas Stefanis, Robert G. Hawley, Claudia Bincoletto, Xian-Hui He, Zhifen Yang, Thomas M. Durcan, Martine Biard-Piechaczyk, Kui Lin, Hongming Pan, Konstantinos Kambas, Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo, Marta Magariños, Yoshinori Takahashi, Adrienne M. Gorman, Philippe Gailly, Takahiko Akematsu, Justine D. Mintern, Liang Xu, Tetsuo Shioi, Luis M. Botana, Yule Liu, Yong Yeon Cho, Jinzhi Lei, Eung Kweon Kim, Alakananda Basu, Vikash Kumar Dubey, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano, Avital Eisenberg-Lerner, Chuan-Ming Xie, Wenjie Dai, Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre, Maria Condello, Zheng-Hong Qin, Zhi-Min Yuan, Catherine Andreadi, Anna Rita Migliaccio, Chong Liu, Michaël Boyer-Guittaut, Melanie Denizot, Esperanza Arias, Greet Van den Berghe, Guomei Tang, Timothy P. Devarenne, Xianyong Sheng, Louis R. Lapierre, J. Wade Harper, Zuzana Storchova, Aileen R. Ariosa, Sug Hyung Lee, Qi Zeng, Godefridus J. Peters, Daniela L. Papademetrio, Alexandre Arcaro, Zhiyuan Yao, Pablo Iribarren, Mario Chiariello, Maria Rosaria Torrisi, Parimal Karmakar, Yong Huang, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie, László Fésüs, Patricia Boya, Ruediger Rudolf, Leonor Miller-Fleming, Vasilis J. Promponas, Juan Segura-Aguilar, Paula Daza, Shiow Ju Lee, Songshu Meng, Paul K. Herman, Ludwig Eichinger, Ye-Guang Chen, Kay F. Macleod, Thomas Simmet, Cristina Corral-Ramos, Claudio Brancolini, Jun Ren, Ying Jiang, Benoît Derrien, Xiao Fang Yu, Qing Zhong, Zong Wan Mao, Xingcong Ren, Armando A. Genazzani, Marina Pierdominici, Sanbing Shen, Sandra Moreno, Hana Algül, Maurizio Renna, Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto, Ashok K. Saluja, Yasuo Uchiyama, Pope L. Moseley, Victor E. Dosenko, Chun-Feng Liu, Bakhos A. Tannous, Efthimios Sivridis, Baharia Mograbi, Michiko Shintani, Amanda S. Bess, Rodrigo Portes Ureshino, Avnika A. Ruparelia, Paul Hofman, Eric Chevet, Martha M. Monick, Hong Gang Wang, Daping Fan, Jorge Moscat, Giuseppe Matarese, Consiglia Pacelli, Young Seok Cho, Miriam Cnop, Stefan Böckler, Nikolai V. Gorbunov, Christina J. Sigurdson, Hang T.T. Nguyen, Aurélie François, Katarina Kågedal, Sam Gandy, Silvia Campello, Alain Bruhat, Filomena Fiorito, Hua Feng, Man Tian Mi, Gian Maria Fimia, Masaki Tanaka, Guofei Zhou, José L. Crespo, Heinz Jungbluth, Anna Chiara Nascimbeni, Arianne L. Theiss, Svetlana Dokudovskaya, Mar Lorente, Sergio Lavandero, Yu Xia Zhao, Fangming Lin, Yuchen Feng, Gad Galili, Silvia Cetrullo, Paula I. Moreira, Dhyan Chandra, Dimitrios J. Stravopodis, Roberta A. Gottlieb, Gregory A. Taylor, Longping Wen, Faqiang Li, Marco Sardiello, Umesh K. Jinwal, Francesca Belleudi, Lan Tan, Livia Di Renzo, Tamas Korcsmaros, Xinbing Sui, Douglas R. Green, Guillermo Mazzolini, Hervé Le Stunff, Kelly S. Doran, Mary E. Choi, Carlos S. Subauste, Natalia Rodriguez-Muela, Nicholas J. Talbot, Marta Palmieri, Sonia Hernández-Tiedra, Ligia C. Gomes, Irving M. Shapiro, Makoto Ubukata, Mario P. Tschan, Baris Bingol, Benjamin Loos, Terry Kwok, Luca M. Neri, Sreejayan Nair, Michele Wolfe Bianchi, Ralf Erdmann, Alexander Greenhough, Neeraj Vij, Jeong Hun Kim, Satoaki Matoba, Bo Liu, George R. Beck, Michael Moore, Vrajesh V. Parekh, Kyle A. Bauckman, Li-Lin Du, Mikihiro Fujiya, Yan G. Zhao, Renaud Legouis, Jiangwei Zhang, Kailiang Jia, Nadezda Apostolova, Sehamuddin Galadari, Khosrow Adeli, Ming Yong Zhang, Carmela Fusco, Angel Ortega, Anna Pensalfini, Zsuzsanna Szatmári, Marco Tafani, Isabella Ceccherini, Anne Hamacher-Brady, Kuen Jer Tsai, Anita C. Truttmann, Franco Fortunato, Keisuke Miyazawa, Chunhai Fan, Berge A. Minassian, Jian Zhang, Frank A. Anania, Heesun Cheong, Amal O. Amer, Ing Swie Goping, Won-Ki Huh, Anita Solhaug, Joan Cl ria, Laurent Le Cam, Seungmin Hwang, Karen L. Wright, Antonella De Matteis, Troy T. Rohn, Ivana Bjedov, Subbiah Pugazhenthi, Hal E. Broxmeyer, Xue Yuan Bai, Koenraad Norga, Minnie M. Sarwal, Daniel F. Schorderet, Ioannis P. Nezis, Mei Qing Wang, Jun Hee Lee, Yong J. Lee, David A. Tumbarello, Fernando Macian, Joern Dengjel, Dmitry V. Bulavin, Andrew J. Halayko, Ben Berkhout, Aseem Pandey, Santosh Kesari, Karin Przyklenk, Elena V. Tchetina, Matthew L. Albert, Laura Segatori, Joel N. Meyer, Mustapha Rouis, Éva Margittai, Ashish Jain, David Hahn, Thomas Vaccari, Lori R. Covey, Ghanshyam Swarup, Kuo Yang Huang, Gennaro Napolitano, Sam W. Lee, Seong Who Kim, Alberto Anel, Vladimir V. Rogov, Laura A. Carleton, Amine Belaid, Byoung Kuk Jang, Sheng-Han Kuo, Patricia L. Yeyati, Jae U. Jung, Teresa Zoladek, Sabrina Di Bartolomeo, Clémence Richetta, Peixin Yang, Daniela Trisciuoglio, Hye Seung Jung, Katsumi Higaki, Eui-Bae Jeung, Ivan Topisirovic, Isabella Caniggia, Susan E. Logue, Issidora S. Papassideri, Lynda A. Morrison, Caihong Wang, Graeme Sargent, Beth Levine, Mingxiang Ye, David M. Sabatini, Consuelo Amantini, Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso, Lawrence H. Boise, Patricia Silvia Romano, Sean T. Sweeney, Takayuki Tsukuba, Reinhard Dechant, Benoit Barbeau, Marta Martinez-Vicente, Kuo How Huang, Edésio José Tenório de Melo, Faustino Mollinedo, José M. Fuentes, Joaquín Jordán, Dong-Hyung Cho, Dexian Zheng, Jeroen J.M. Hoozemans, Zhong Chen, Waleska Kerllen Martins, Abraham Acevedo Arozena, Marcos P. Thomé, Gordon C. Shore, Fabienne C. Fiesel, Teng Jiang, Feng Han, Marc Poirot, Anne Sophie Nicot, Eileen White, Olivier Feron, Arthur I. Cederbaum, Wen Bin Qian, Yingjie Sun, Rejko Krüger, Shingo Kajimura, Jianzhen Xu, Shang Der Chen, Maximiliano G. Gutierrez, Zhengping Yu, Jiaren Sun, Utpal Sen, Giovanna Galliciotti, Hilde Nilsen, Benjamin T. Kopp, Benedikt Westermann, Inmaculada Galindo, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen, Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto, Guillermo Mariño, Andrea Ballabio, Izabela Poprawa, Yanjin Zhang, Clay F. Semenkovich, Martin E. Fernandez-Zapico, Helin Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Hongchi Jiang, Eugenia Morselli, Angelo A. Manfredi, Marianne Boes, Han-Jung Chae, Covadonga Alonso, Min Chen, Safia Costes, David Kessel, Rakesh Kumar, Yang Zhang, Reinhild Prange, Vassiliki E. Mpakou, Laura Santambrogio, Javier E. Irazoqui, Anna Skwarska, Junichi Sadoshima, Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji, Michael I. Koukourakis, Norma Maugeri, Yuqing Wang, Pedro R. Cutillas, Jiqin Lian, Jiri Stulik, Takashi Ueno, Craig Montell, Rena Balzan, Meiyan Jin, Mara C. Duncan, Cathleen R. Carlin, Yasuo Yanagi, Maite G. Fernandez-Barrena, Yuyan Xiong, Martin Graef, Wei Yuan Yang, Renato V. Iozzo, Mark Screen, Patrick Brest, Haichao Wang, Ming Tan, Werner J. Kovacs, Weili Shen, Alessandro Fraldi, Paul Saftig, Alberto Faggioni, Krisna Prak, Christos E. Zois, Timothy E. Weaver, Marc Lecuit, Yu-Ying He, Michele Caraglia, Walter Balduini, M. Isabel G. Roncero, B. Schneider, Monika Cahova, Mathias Faure, Chihiro Sasakawa, Simon Michaeli, Sandy Giuliano, Dario C. Altieri, Eun-Kyeong Jo, Myung-Shik Lee, Carol Imbriano, John H. Brumell, Gustavo H. Goldman, Yan Wang, Junyan Shi, Quan Chen, Jayanta Debnath, Yonggeun Hong, Mohamed Amessou, Richard W. Wong, Robert E. Burke, Mauro De Santi, Trevor G. Shepherd, Anna Maria Joseph, Wouter G. van Doorn, Erkang Fei, Huey Lan Huang, F. Gisou van der Goot, Xinfeng Liu, Alexandru Almasan, Akiko Maeda, Yu Qiu, Yaohua Wu, Annie Sittler, Wen-Xing Ding, Wenhua Zhu, Hung-Jen Liu, Moisés Martínez-Velázquez, Jeffery S. Cox, Seung Yong Yoon, Concepcio Marin, Wilian A. Silveira, Fulvio Chiacchiera, W. Douglas Fairlie, Jian Xin Gao, Shuilong Leng, Nathan R. Brady, Josef M. Penninger, Puran Singh Sijwali, Florian Gruber, Tibor Vellai, Jiunn-Liang Ko, Laura Korhonen, Slimane Ait-Si-Ali, Hirokazu Arimoto, Alberto M. Martelli, Teresa L. M. Thurston, Chuanshan Xu, Kathrin Pallauf, Eduardo Couve, Shweta Saran, Lionel Blanc, Maylin Almonte-Beceril, Yong-Keun Jung, Lena Lavie, Junsoo Park, Camilla Palumbo, Claire H. Mitchell, Sophie Pattingre, Guillermo Velasco, Steve S.-L. Chen, Xiu-Fen Ming, Xin Qi, Vania Gelmetti, Nicolas Dupont, Soraya S. Smaili, Chinnaswamy Jagannath, Uta Dahmen, Daolin Tang, Rodrigo Franco, John H. Kehrl, Xiaonan Dong, Carsten Sachse, Jeff Kuret, Genzou Takemura, Supawadee Sukseree, Joëlle Botti, W. Haung Yu, Aurelia Lugea, Scott J. Bultman, Divaker Choubey, Frank A. Sinicrope, You-Wen He, Jian Wu, Yoshitaka Isaka, Geert Bultynck, Giuseppe Merla, Luigi Maiuri, Sonia Melino, Hannelore Maes, Daniele Lettieri Barbato, Ian G. Ganley, Zhihong Yang, Daniel Hofius, Kimberly McCall, Peiwen Chen, Istvan Lekli, Alicia Rosello, Eric Ghigo, Atsushi Kuno, Iman Tavassoly, Chris Albanese, Agustín Aranda, Salvatore Pepe, Hong Jiang, Henri Batoko, Giovanna Elvira Granato, Vincent Zecchini, Stephen E. Girardin, Maria T. Diaz-Meco, Philippe Marambaud, G. Amadoro, Sangeeta Khare, Christelle Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Emery H. Bresnick, Christian Behl, Mikio Nishimura, Julien Puyal, Wenjie Guo, Hsinyu Lee, Carolyn M. Sue, Derrick Gibbings, Alina Maloyan, Philippe Pierre, Serge N. Manié, Gerry Melino, Elizabeth A. Woodcock, Roberto Ciarcia, Liwen Jiang, Michael C. Kruer, Vladimir Trajkovic, Yunjiao Zhang, Nina Raben, Beata Pajak, Michael J. Ragusa, Riccardo Autelli, Kelly Jean Thomas, Suzana Gispert, Wei Li Zhao, Cheol Hyeon Kim, Pothana Saikumar, Arsenio Fernández-López, Juliano Machado, Valentina Iovane, Cai Ping Tan, Carmine Settembre, Neelam Azad, Yohta Shimada, Shivendra V. Singh, Hai Rao, Hirosato Mashima, Michael T. Stang, Yasuhito Sakuraba, Gemma Fabriàs, Tuck Wah Soong, Didac Carmona-Gutierrez, Ilse Vanhorebeek, F. Javier Oliver, Mondira Kundu, Alfonso Schiavi, Dan Lindholm, José L. Revuelta, Jason S. King, Susana Castro-Obregón, Paul Digard, Hua Zhu, Komal Raina, Yun Dai, Ruben K. Dagda, Nuria Martinez-Lopez, Andrea A. Gust, Lucia Notterpek, Robert Clarke, Manon E. Wildenberg, Mingzhou Chen, Leticia Reyes, Laura Berliocchi, John J. McMahon, Hongzhuan Chen, E.M. Nolte, Stefan W. Ryter, Fulvio Reggiori, Jiefei Geng, Michael A. Mandell, John H. Fingert, Holger Prokisch, Marina Jendrach, Søren R. Paludan, Elizabeth P. Henske, Ricardo Gargini, Wei-Xing Zong, Susmita Kaushik, Michael Overholtzer, Paul W. Sylvester, Daniel E. Voth, Canhua Huang, Andrea Boman, Gérard Lizard, Rut Valdor, Marc Flajolet, Graham S. Taylor, Nicola Di Daniele, Leonardo H. Travassos, Ying Yang, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy, Hasan Mukhtar, Yuhua Zhu, Noor Gammoh, Ignacio Vega-Naredo, Victoria Ryabovol, Sara W. Bird, Gang Min Hur, Qun-Ying Lei, Fan Yi, Laura Caberlotto, Maria F. Galindo, Bilal Piperdi, Leonidas C. Platanias, P. Hande Özdinler, Régis Delage-Mourroux, Julio Madrigal-Matute, Xu Liu, Nagio Takigawa, Aurora Pujol, Marta Margeta, Hee Jeong Kong, Christian Behrends, Michael Thumm, Shirley Luckhart, Emilio Clementi, John W. Steele, Liliana Schaefer, Philip L. Lorenzi, Chao-Yu Miao, She Min Lu, Jane E. Ishmael, Jin Hyoung Kim, V. Izzo, Yanming Wang, Balindiwe J.N. Sishi, Vincent Galy, Andras Perl, Shouqing Luo, Giovanni Vitale, Yongsheng Che, Rodrigo Troncoso, Liu Yang, Thomas J. Begley, Sebastien G. Bouret, Elizete Rizzo, James M. Piret, Junjun Wang, Herman P. Spaink, Thomas S. Jacques, Robin F. B. Turner, Young H. Lee, Eva Szegezdi, Daphne R. Goring, Manish K. Aghi, Rui Kang, Bart Staels, Midori Umekawa, Delia Goletti, Robert J. Bryson-Richardson, Ubaldo E. Martinez-Outschoorn, Luisa Dalla Valle, Giovanni Luca Gravina, Emad S. Alnemri, Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos, Konstantinos Ritis, Shalmoli Bhattacharyya, Alessandra Bolino, Xiaonan Zhao, Yoshihisa Watanabe, Christian Ungermann, Juan L. Iovanna, Katherine Williams, Ken Shirabe, Teresa S. Hawley, Sara Cherry, Ryuichiro Atarashi, Kozo Hamada, Seamus J. Martin, Shigeru Oshima, Mario Pende, Illana Gozes, Michel A. Duchosal, John J. Shacka, Shunhei Yamashina, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy Balaji, Richard L. Proia, Besim Ogretmen, Fang Hua, Koichi Araki, Charles Grose, Jia Luo, Helen K. W. Law, Charles Swanton, Liat Drucker, Guo Zhang, Zhizhuang J. Zhao, Anne K. Kenworthy, Javier A. Menendez, Gary Grant, Stig U. Andersen, Frank Lafont, Aparna Lakkaraju, Taijoon Chung, Leticia A.M. Carneiro, Monique Bernard, Gang Chen, Stephen W.G. Tait, Aimee L. Edinger, Jeffrey P. MacKeigan, Paul A. Ney, Mireia Niso-Santano, Valeria Crippa, Andreas S. Reichert, Isabelle Dugail, Jon D. Lane, Farida V. Minibayeva, Gianluca Tettamanti, Scott Pattison, Péter Lõrincz, Kamal Chowdhury, Ulrich E. Schaible, Maria Agnello, Paolo Pinton, Niels Jessen, Lei Guo, Kwang-Huei Lin, David N. Zacks, Ying Jan Wang, Simone Fulda, John J. Lemasters, Andrea Viale, Anna Maria Marconi, Valerie Askanas, Yoshitaka Nagai, François M. Vallette, Joan K. Heath, Srinivasan Dasarathy, Soo-Youl Kim, Günter U. Höglinger, Tamara Kravic-Stevovic, Iraide Alloza, Tiago F. Outeiro, Ana Serrano-Puebla, Elena A. Minina, Terrence M. Donohue, Ming Guo, Alexandra Giatromanolaki, Abdel Halim Harrath, Ken Sato, Anne Elisabeth Theron, Usha P. Andley, Claudio Cardinali, Maija Pesonen, Penny E. Lovat, Chanhee Kang, Sabah N. A. Hussain, Lisa A. Brennan, Jose A. Tapia, Christoph Becker, Huixin Yu, Pei-Yu Wang, Bertrand Joseph, Zhen Yan, Georgia Minakaki, Ricardo Escalante, Ralph A. Nixon, Katsuhiko Asanuma, M. Helena Vasconcelos, David J. Reiner, Shengkan Jin, David Dávila, Theo Rein, Balakrishna L. Lokeshwar, Antonio Miranda-Vizuete, Carl Ward, Vito Turk, Frederick D. Quinn, Katja Köhler, Masaru Harada, Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia, Fraser P. Coxon, Paulo R. Jannig, Miguel A. Peñalva, Manjula Kalia, Marco Corazzari, Chunjuan Song, Xianghua Yan, Lilach Toker, Benjamin Pineda, Vanessa Ginet, Ye Xu, Chun Jung Chen, Roberto Towns, Amy A. Kiger, Rajagopal Ramesh, Maria Rita Rippo, Joseph A. Hill, Boris Zhivotovsky, Peter Speck, Ya Hua, Peter J. Roach, Fabio Penna, Kasper M.A. Rouschop, Jeng-Jer Shieh, Maria Angeles Mena, Mei Zhao, Sonia Rocha, Xin Wen, Sylvain Lefort, Michael Scharl, Ramnik J. Xavier, Alan Cheng, Marion Bouchecareilh, Stella Y. Lee, Maria Xilouri, Qi Chen, Claudia Spies, Pengfei Ge, Natascia Ventura, Luca Galluzzi, Yau Hung Chen, Jing Pu Zhang, Diego Albani, Dingzhong Tang, Nikolai Engedal, Stefania Meschini, Maria Lyngaas Torgersen, Shibu M. Poulose, Jean-Paul Decuypere, Ziheng Xu, Jocelyn Laporte, Thierry Arnould, Albert Haas, Ida J. van der Klei, Agustín Hernández, Dong Wook Shin, Per E. Stromhaug, Valentín Ceña, Ugo Pagnini, Karolina Pakos-Zebrucka, Blagovesta Popova, Lisa M Lindqvist, Sangita C. Sinha, Yuguang Shi, Zvonimir Marelja, Robin Candau, Xin Wang, Evelina Gatti, Olatz Pampliega, Michael P. Lisanti, Elena Tamagno, Mei Lan Tan, Gary Warnes, Zdena Palková, Shigeomi Shimizu, Ingo Schmitz, Tino Kurz, Soledad Matus, Gopal Chakrabarti, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Beáta G. Vértessy, Giuliana Cassinelli, Giovanni Benard, Yin Chen, Emma Colucci-Guyon, Craig Blackstone, Lizhi Cao, Sebastian Schuck, Qingqiu Gong, Theocharis Panaretakis, Jayoung Choi, Sven R. Carlsson, Libuše Váchová, Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang, Yang Liu, Zheng Dong, Qinghua Shi, Hélène Duez, Tiziana Bachetti, Axel H. Schönthal, Sumit Sahni, Bo Wang, Naomichi Matsumoto, Markus Rehm, Liliana Torosantucci, Toren Finkel, Yi Hsin Tseng, Hsiang Cheng Chi, Fang Lin, Tony George Jacob, Ju-Xian Song, Alessandro Fanzani, Marc Tatar, Paola Costelli, Rubén Gómez-Sánchez, Yunfei Wen, Juha J. Hulmi, Francesca V. Mariani, Min Zeng, Chiung Chyi Shen, Carine Michiels, Yan Burelle, Andreas L. Serra, Goran Petrovski, Kwang Woon Kim, Paula Ludovico, Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Yee Joo Tan, Luisa De Martino, Alvaro Glavic, Pierre Lapaquette, Edmund B. Rucker, Andreas Mayer, Shigeko Yamashiro, Scott K. Powers, Robert M. Gogal, Ebru Goncu, Yuichiro J. Suzuki, Anna Maria Giammarioli, Claudio Hetz, Eric H. Baehrecke, Cheryl L. Walker, Cinzia Lanzi, Deepti S. 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Osellame, Maurizio Battino, Małgorzata Gajewska, Maria I. Vaccaro, Darius J.R. Lane, Yuji Ogura, Ian G. Mills, Gil Leibowitz, Joan Villarroya, Yu-Chen Hu, Maria Teresa Batista, Vojo Deretic, Manoj B. Menon, Zhenyi Ma, Dawit A. P. Gonçalves, Iban Seiliez, Enzo Emanuele, Ho Shin Gwak, Arnim Pause, Francesca Palladino, Cristiano Simone, Angelica M. Merlot, Peng Wang, Liang Ge, Kenneth Maiese, Ken Cadwell, Sally S. Atherton, Deepak Shukla, Thomas Neill, Jean-François Beaulieu, Barry Jutten, Cristina P.R. Xavier, James Murray, Tatsuya Saitoh, Roberto Chiarelli, Benedetto Grimaldi, Antonio Giordano, Yanjun Kou, Cathy Tournier, Romana T. Netea-Maier, Rui Li, Jason L. Eriksen, Colin D. Weekes, Esther Barreiro, Denis Mottet, Derek P. Narendra, Karl Swärd, Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth, Gary A. Silverman, Yukitoshi Nagahara, Mark J. Walker, Roland Malli, Diane M. Ward, Ling Hua Meng, John D. MacMicking, Cinzia Fabrizi, Marco Tucci, Tomasz M. Stepkowski, Wannian Yang, Yi Zhen Deng, Daret K. St. Clair, Darren J. Moore, Michael Lee, Katia Aquilano, Norbert Frey, Tibor Kovács, Ru Jeng Teng, Federico Pietrocola, Alfredo Criollo, Nadia Jaber, Walter T. Klimecki, Xiaohong Zhuang, Beata Sikorska, Inmaculada Tasset-Cuevas, Iwona A. Ciechomska, Robert C. Dickson, Haruo Kanno, Hua She, Xiaolei Xu, Maria Laura Avantaggiati, Isei Tanida, Jun Li, Diego Pérez-Rodríguez, Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna, Viktor I. Korolchuk, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Simone Nardin Weis, Thorsten Nürnberger, Guanghui Wang, Luigi Puglielli, Valina L. Dawson, Santosh Chauhan, Carole Kretz-Remy, Po-Yuan Ke, Haijun Bao, Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras, Sharad Kumar, Guo-Qiang Chen, Congfeng Xu, Annie M. Joubert, Diego L. Medina, Andrea Hamann, Christian Münz, Hongchuan Jin, Zhen Chen, Cristina López-Vicario, Seung Il Choi, Ivanka Markovic, Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski, Lei Jin, Yonghyun Kim, Michael J. Clague, James D. Johnson, Areti Pantazopoulou, Mohamed Al-Rubeai, Si Chen, Anne Spang, Matteo Bordi, Xiaowei Wang, Stefanie Pöggeler, Terrence M. Donohue-Jr, Aldrin V. Gomes, Jawahar L. Mehta, Yuuki Fujiwara, Mihai G. Netea, Ezra E.W. Cohen, Yunfei Huang, Do Hyung Kim, Guido Lenz, Qian Cai, Chenran Wang, Anna Katharina Simon, Barbara Del Bello, Robert Layfield, Taehoon Chun, Margit Burmeister, Wei Liu, Peter D. Adams, C. K.James Shen, Iva Slaninová, Kathleen W. Scotto, Erinna F. Lee, Mireille Verdier, Fernando J. Peña, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Eun-Kyoung Choi, Aleksandra Isakovic, Ju-Hyun Lee, Swapan K. Ray, Ming Chang Hu, Stephen Baghdiguian, Davide Cervia, Brent R. Stockwell, Maurizio Sorice, Andreas Till, Victor M. Darley-Usmar, Horng-Dar Wang, Ken H. Young, Yibin Feng, Néstor L. Uzcátegui, Andreja Erman, Manuela Antonioli, Alicia Torriglia, Michael D. Kim, Kazuyuki Kuchitsu, Fabio Di Domenico, Claudia Giampietri, Fuyong Song, Kevin E. Behrns, Craig Stevens, A. Sue Menko, Joana Liberal, Antonio Di Pietro, Xuejun Jiang, Joseph D. Mancias, Maria Tiziana Corasaniti, Frédéric Gros, Fuxin Wang, Jeremy Thorner, Areechun Sotthibundhu, Gijs R. van den Brink, Andrei S. Chagin, Rossella Menghini, Francesca Bernassola, Chi Li, Sung Gil Chi, Enrico Milan, Jean M. Mulcahy Levy, A. Murat Kaynar, Maria João Sousa, Olga Corti, Simone Cenci, Ting-Fang Wang, Carlos Hernández, Sucheta Telang, Zun-Ji Ke, Atsuo Amano, Lihuan Du, Meera Nanjundan, Lin Zhang, Matthias Gaestel, Bertrand Kaeffer, Andrey S. Tsvetkov, Silvia Carloni, Kazuhisa Hasui, Rosa Puertollano, Vladimir Bumbasirevic, Yongchao Zhao, Carolyn B. Coyne, Allan Caplan, Per Ottar Seglen, Kotb Abdelmohsen, Andreas Buch Møller, Jenny P.-Y. Ting, Raquel Muñoz-Moreno, Markus A. Rüegg, Monica Hagedorn, Hao Zhang, Tomotake Kanki, Edoardo M. Airoldi, Melanie Schwarten, Alfred J. Meijer, Anne Bertolotti, Matteo Bergami, Joëlle Wiels, Claudia Cerella, Eric Asselin, Z. H. An, Spencer B. Gibson, Chunlai Wu, Kai Kaarniranta, Paloma B. Liton, Feng Jun Li, Roberta Nardacci, Ernst J. Wolvetang, Robert C. Bast, Mark S. Cragg, Quentin Liu, Massimo Federici, Hyun Kyu Song, Hua Bai, Xiaotao Li, Nils J. Færgeman, Jason Chesney, Shrawan Kumar Singh, Marcello D'Amelio, Mark Prescott, Georg Auburger, Shazib Pervaiz, Allen Taylor, Diane C. Bassham, Lei Wan, Michinaga Ogawa, Emilia Maellaro, Cynthia Y. He, Chris Jones, Paolo Grumati, Jun-Lin Guan, Hiroyasu Nakano, Eric A. Schon, Roswitha Krick, Yoshihiro Shidoji, Jaime L. Schneider, Dusica Maysinger, Thomas Thum, Paul G. Thomes, Edo Vellenga, Liang Liu, Giuseppe Filomeni, Niramol Savaraj, Rudolf A. Kley, Wei Jung Chen, Bradley L. Baumgarner, Victor H. Villar, Steven Finkbeiner, Kapil Sirohi, Francesco Cecconi, Steven S. Witkin, Steve Jean, André du Toit, Rossella Russo, Irina Petrache, Randy Schekman, Keisuke Hino, Wei Chen, Basil J. Petrof, Daniel E. Frigo, Gyun Min Lee, Paul N. Span, Megumi Inomata, Ivica Arsov, Zhi-Xiang Xu, Saeid Ghavami, Tania C. Felizardo, Konstanze F. Winklhofer, Weidong Han, Jianhua Zhang, Eva Maria Mandelkow, Lydia Alvarez-Erviti, Wanderley de Souza, Pawel P. Liberski, Yang Sun, Cornelia M. Weyand, William D. Hill, Eric J. Brown, Christopher M. Adams, Felix Randow, Jose Luis Rosa, Ivan R. Nabi, Patricia V. Aguilar, Laure Aurelian, Jae-sung Bae, Gábor Juhász, Hing Y. Leung, Karla Kirkegaard, Peter J. O'Dwyer, Daniele Bergamaschi, Thomas Farkas, Tsunenori Saito, Laura Knuppertz, Leyuan Liu, Dongxu Fu, Liesu Meng, Alon Kahana, Viktor Billes, Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas, Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic, Xiangguo Liu, Takahiro Yamada, Ciro Isidoro, Huiping Zhou, William A. Dunn, Takeshi Into, Giampietro Viola, Eumorphia G. Konstantakou, G. William Wong, Peter W. Szlosarek, Jeffrey S. Isenberg, Mikkel H. Vendelbo, Zuzana Papackova, Carlos B. Gonzalez, Hong Zhang, Alkesh Jani, Heidi Kiil Blomhoff, Wen-Li Chen, Simon Sedej, François Bertrand Favier, Marina K. Holz, Mitsunori Fukuda, Gudmundur Vignir Helgason, Fu-Cheng Lin, Inés Díaz-Laviada, Stefaan J. Soenen, Chao Yung Wang, Chee Yin Chai, Pierre-André Bédard, Xiaoxiang Zheng, Peter V. Bozhkov, Han-Ming Shen, Hazel M. Davey, Pedro A. Lazo, Haoxing Xu, Fengtian He, Jean Max Pasquet, Benoit Pasquier, William T. Jackson, Stéphane Duvezin-Caubet, Bertrand Mollereau, Tomohiro Kabuta, Maria Rosa Ciriolo, Peter Hasselblatt, Nihar Ranjan Jana, Jane L. Armstrong, Elisa Giovannetti, Fang Lin Sun, Zhenyu Yao, Shuji Kishi, Pei-Hui Lin, Yingmei Zhang, Limor Avrahami, Kenichi Shibuya, Guillaume Dalmasso, Radovan Vasko, Sharon Prince, Valerie B. O'Donnell, Gordon B. Mills, Hiroshi Aoki, Maryam Mehrpour, Muniswamy Madesh, Guillermo Díaz-Araya, Susan L. Cotman, Marius K. Lemberg, Tilman Grune, Jing Lan Liu, Richard C. Wang, Sandro Goruppi, Hongmin Wang, Robert A. Heinzen, Xiangmei Chen, Nihal Altan-Bonnet, Sung Sik Lee, Hai Jie Wang, Catherine Dargemont, Jie Du, Sofie Claerhout, Edmond Chan, Yi Sun, Xiangbo Wan, Paul Lingor, Shilpa Buch, Gerald M. McInerney, Zhenlong Wu, Guo Chang Zhang, Iain A. McNeish, Suresh Awale, Mark P. Mattson, Srinivasa Subramaniam, Wuhan Xiao, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Giancarlo Parenti, Bruno Miguel Neves, Benjamin Dehay, Fatima Teixeira-Clerc, Patricia Huebbe, Calvin K. Yip, Ryan J. Schulze, Pallabi Sarkar, Vladimir I. Titorenko, Johanna Laukkarinen, Martin E. Gleave, Veronika Stoka, Pascal Genschik, Karen Brown, Zhaoliang Su, Walter Malorni, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud, Vincent C. O. Njar, Jeffrey E. Pessin, Thomas Wileman, Alexander J. Whitworth, Stefano Santaguida, Gustavo A. Nader, Gláucia Maria Machado-Santelli, Marie-Josée Hébert, Skye C. McIver, Scott A. Soleimanpour, Jia-Hong Lu, Fei Liu, Yu Wang, Elisa Motori, Chad A. 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Rosen, Orsolya Kapuy, Simone Di Paola, Thomas J. Evans, Rosa A. González-Polo, Jin H. Son, Kinya Otsu, Tracey R. O’Donovan, Nicolas Pallet, Stefano Toldo, Wafik S. El-Deiry, Allen Kaasik, Jin Tai Yu, Susu M. Zughaier, Gordon W. Laurie, Barbara Guerra, Taeg Kyu Kwon, Priyamvada Dua, Stephen A. Spector, Yingyu Chen, Ayesha N. Shajahan-Haq, Wei Pan, Matthew Campbell, Leo A. B. Joosten, J. Paul Taylor, Julian J. Lum, Matthew J. Justice, Clarissa von Haefen, William K.K. Wu, Gerald Rimbach, Peter Polčic, Jens Schmidt, Saverio Bettuzzi, Xian De Liu, Satoru Kobayashi, Yan Zhang, Ling Tian, Péter Nagy, Mercedes Pozuelo-Rubio, Cheng Jin, Marek Los, Hiroyuki Ishida, Yuji Moriyasu, Maria Teresa Cruz, Jingjing Liu, Anil K. Sood, Roberto Mateo, Antonio Facchiano, J. Mark Cooper, Xiaofeng Yao, Pei Ming Yang, Eli Arama, Marc Diederich, Luc J. W. van der Laan, Robin Ketteler, James Harris, Eui Ju Choi, Grant R. Campbell, Julie D. Atkin, Janos Kriston-Vizi, Sharon L. McKenna, Mila Ljujic, Hirotaka Watada, Harry Ischiropoulos, Shile Huang, Udo Hasler, Ke Li, Josefina Casas, Ken-ichi Isobe, Min Li, Muriel Priault, Vincenzo De Tata, Monique Gannagé, Sakineh Kazemi Noureini, Isao Ishii, Sasanka Ramanadham, Valérie Pierrefite-Carle, Chengyu Liang, Louise Deldicque, Gabriella Cavallini, Afshin Samali, Angelika Amon, Kah-Leong Lim, Lavinia Cantoni, Demetrios G. Vavvas, James E. Haber, Alireza R. Rezaie, Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo, Cynthia D. Cooper, Masaaki Komatsu, Silvia Alvarez, Gemma Triola, Dong-Yun Ouyang, Razaul Karim, Kostyantyn V. Dmytruk, Bassam Janji, Peter Bütikofer, Indira U. Mysorekar, Hana Popelka, E. Marion Schneider, Carlos Guillén, Gaël Roué, Seung-Hoon Baek, Patrick Auberger, Jun Araya, Sandra M. Cardoso, Gu He, Eduardo C. Filippi-Chiela, Patrick A. Lewis, Wei-Pang Huang, Eric Reits, Cécile Vindis, Trond Lamark, Mehrdad Alirezaei, Takao Setoguchi, Alberto Bartolomé, Chih Peng Chang, Andriy A. Sibirny, Mauro Piacentini, Jing Wang, Kuninori Suzuki, Ludo Van Den Bosch, Kevin N. Dalby, Keiran S.M. Smalley, David K. Ann, Luis F. Moita, Anthony Sanchez, Chin Hsu, Guillermo M. Albaiceta, Vassilis Stratoulias, Attila L. Kovács, Charleen T. Chu, Tewin Tencomnao, Audrey H. Poon, Steve Lancel, José C. Fernández-Checa, Hannah Rabinowich, Heinz D. Osiewacz, Sami Dridi, Kate E. Keller, Thorsten Hoppe, Crispin R. Dass, Jekaterina Erenpreisa, Akira Matsuura, Donna D. Zhang, Ying Zhao, Luisa Coletto, Roy Parker, Georg M. N. Behrens, Alessia Di Nardo, Mian Wu, Alberto Jiménez, Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska, Christopher J. H. Elliott, Pamela J. Yao, Damián Gatica, Rafael Linden, Helena L. A. Vieira, Anand K. Ganesan, Wim Martinet, Frank Madeo, Juliann G. Kiang, Helmut Kramer, Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum, Salvador Ventura, Clemens Steegborn, Zahra Zakeri, Marco Antonio Meraz-Ríos, Masaki Ohmuraya, Michael A. Riehle, Congcong He, Federica Sotgia, Shi-Mei Zhuang, Paul Dent, Jürgen Bosch, Xuejun Wang, Kuan-Chih Chow, Carlos Gorbea, Lisa Gerner, Yuzuru Imai, Jan Gunst, Duncan R. Smith, María Esther Pérez-Pérez, N. Tony Eissa, Michel Roberge, Carmen García-Ruiz, Irfan J. Lodhi, Hongjiao Ouyang, Mustapha Kandouz, Alessio Papini, Jun Sun, Takanobu Otomo, David H. Perlmutter, Jae-Sung Kim, Feng Gao, Åsa B. Gustafsson, Paul M. Salvaterra, Michael Klinkenberg, Or Kakhlon, Abhinav Diwan, Takahiro Shintani, Paola Matarrese, Marc D. Meneghini, Jinsheng Zeng, Xu-jie Zhou, Linda S. Yasui, Rui Sheng, Shiqian Huang, Elizabeth Delorme-Axford, Amélie Bernard, Kevin M. Ryan, Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, Jonathan M. Backer, Harald Stenmark, Hiroaki Adachi, Koichi Sakakura, Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou, Zhi Nong Wang, Ramesh Natarajan, Tian Xia, Marco Folini, Robert A. Screaton, Jane J. Yu, Xian Wang, Gerhard H. Braus, Min Wu, John A. Hanover, Anuj Kumar, Charbel Moussa, Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie, Edward A. Fon, Ted Powers, Thomas H. Kawula, Zhe Liu, Jennifer Martinez, Orian S. Shirihai, Mara Cirone, Fen Wang, Machiko Sakoh-Nakatogawa, Yong Xia, Durga Nand Tripathi, James T. Handa, Nadia Zaffaroni, Esther Wong, Carlos López-Otín, Michael E. Cheetham, Harm H. Kampinga, Leopold Eckhart, Paul de Figueiredo, Xueqin Liu, Michael S. Goligorsky, Valentina Sica, Marco Sandri, Wen Qiang Chen, Szabolcs Takáts, Lilach O. Lerman, Akio Kihara, Constantinos Koumenis, Sergio Comincini, Antoinette Lemoine, Marc Bitoun, Zhuo-Wei Hu, Yu Xiong Su, Jeremy C. Mottram, Miguel A. Sanjuan, Richard D. Vierstra, Angelo De Milito, Marjolein van Egmond, Xi-Long Zheng, Kun-Liang Guan, Katrin Juenemann, Ohkmae K. Park, Eisuke Itakura, Bo Yan, Tim Lahm, Yongshun Chen, Kenneth L. van Golen, Federica Rizzi, Guochang Hu, Volker Doetsch, Chengtao Her, Conrad C. Weihl, Jing Hsiung James Ou, Chiou Feng Lin, Dun-Sheng Yang, Bozena Gabryel, Xiao Feng Zhu, Jackie de Belleroche, Charles L. Edelstein, Julie Gavard, Miklós Sass, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Zhendong Zhao, Pu Duann, Julián Pardo, Atsuhiro Ichihara, Lester M. Davids, Swamynathan Ganesan, Shengyun Fang, Hernando Gomez, Yun Chau Long, Mark J. Czaja, Arnaud Echard, Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo, Chuanyong Guo, Katherine L. Cook, Isabel Varela-Nieto, Li Yu, Yi Ran Huang, Binfeng Lu, Athanassios D. Velentzas, Koji Yamanaka, Giuseppe Russo, Ester M. Hammond, Kelsey B. Law, Sheng Li, Samisubbu R. Naidu, Michael E. Boulton, Anna-Mart Engelbrecht, Ba-Bie Teng, Zixu Mao, Vania M.M. Braga, Núria S. Coll, Eliana M. Coccia, Akihisa Abe, V. Ashutosh Rao, Nava Segev, Regina Menezes, Zufeng Ding, Hyman M. Schipper, Álvaro F. Fernández, Peter K. Kim, Lucia Micale, Biplab Dasgupta, Nazzy Pakpour, Janna L. Morrison, Yue Qin Chen, Rolf J. Craven, Zvulun Elazar, Anders Aune Tveita, Lian Li, Hsueh Fen Juan, Ulrich Koenig, Qiang Shi, Harald W. Platta, Michele S. Swanson, Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja, Bruce H. Reed, Malene Hansen, Paola Lenzi, Sandra Cottet, Yacine Graba, Christian Frezza, Bernd Schröder, Helene Knævelsrud, Li Chung Hsu, Hyunjung Jade Lim, Michael T. Greenwood, Parco M. Siu, Kyu Lim, Dolores Pérez-Sala, Patrice Codogno, Yi Yang, Frank Lezoualc'h, Ida Perrotta, Elaine A. Dunlop, Jörg H W Distler, Ken Ichi Yoshida, Dominic P. Del Re, Luigina Romani, Hye Young Kim, Eric Jonasch, Rajesh Agarwal, Wei Song, Ai Yamamoto, Zully Pedrozo, Steffan T. Nawrocki, María Salazar-Roa, Jorrit M. Enserink, Dong Wang, Flaviano Giorgini, Takayuki Ohshima, Boris Turk, Anastasia S. Mihailidou, Rosa Salvioli, Anne Simonsen, Caroline Biagosch, Glauber Costa Brito, Junko Oshima, Gail V.W. Johnson, Emmanuel Taillebourg, Sovan Sarkar, Shane Deegan, Eldad Zacksenhaus, Laura Avagliano, Byung-Hoon Lee, Weiliang Xia, Paolo Paganetti, Timothy J. Lyons, Christine M. Stellrecht, Jane E.B. Reusch, Raquel T. Lima, Feng Xu, James M. Phang, Hongwei Xu, Claudio Luparello, Mohammad Ishaq, Maureen E. Murphy, Isabelle Coppens, Luc Dupuis, Elio Ziparo, Patrick J. Bednarski, Svetlana Saveljeva, Ashok Kumar, Hongxin Zhu, Tobias B. Huber, Günther Weindl, Claudine Kraft, Dhiraj Kumar, Sara Marinelli, Karin von Schwarzenberg, Lijun Jia, Tiziana Crepaldi, Ke Liu, Eleonora García Véscovi, Qing Lu, Cláudia N. Santos, Bertrand H. Rihn, Jun Yu, Fen-Biao Gao, Flavio Flamigni, Jason E. Gestwicki, Dong-Hun Bae, Gustavo C. MacIntosh, David A. Leib, Giorgio Santoni, Chin Yuan Hsu, Abdelhaq Rami, Joseph Satriano, Matthew J. LaVoie, Paloma Martín-Sanz, Daniela De Zio, Sharon M. Gorski, Yu Tian Wang, Shuyan Lu, Clara L. Oeste, Andrew R. Tee, Koji Itahana, Xuesong Yang, Shuiping Tu, Malathi Krishnamurthy, Anne M. Strohecker, Gui Xian Xia, Helena Orozco, Sujit K. Bhutia, Hongbo Hu, Rupert Beale, Ying-Ray Lee, Kai Mao, Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Jean Francois Groulx, James A. Mastrianni, Victoria El-Khoury, Koji Okamoto, Mark J. Taylor, Arianna L. Kim, José M. Izquierdo, Dalibor Mijaljica, Björn Stork, Thomas Schwarz, Savita Bhalla, Menno van Lookeren Campagne, Long Zhang, Elizabeth S. Yeh, Li Zhang, Tae Cheon Kang, Frederic Luciano, Shusaku Shibutani, Luciana Dini, Valentina Cianfanelli, Sara Calatayud, Yong-Sun Kim, Maurizio Molinari, Graham H. Coombs, Takeshi Noda, Angelo Poletti, Silvia Palumbo, Dhan V. Kalvakolanu, Valérie Vouret-Craviari, Volodymyr Y. Nazarko, Salvatore Florio, Noboru Mizushima, Arthur Kaser, Shigeki Miyamoto, Patric J. Jansson, Thomas I-Sheng Hwang, Daniel J. Jackson, Adrian L. Harris, Srikanta Dash, Yeong Min Yoo, David Colecchia, Ute C. Meier, Yi Ma, Tadashi Suzuki, Anand Krishnan V. Iyer, Flavia Radogna, Paul S. Brookes, Deepak Kumar, Gabriella D'Orazi, Barry Yedvobnick, David R. Soto-Pantoja, Christian Waeber, Craig McCormick, Dong Hu, Sarron Randall-Demllo, Gustavo J.S. Pereira, Emil Rudolf, Scott L. Friedman, Paolo Bonaldo, Oliana Carnevali, Guido R.Y. De Meyer, Alice Carrier, Yipeng Wang, Serena Montagnaro, Nadeem O. Kaakoush, José de la Fuente, Devrim Gozuacik, Edward D. Plowey, Alastair M. Buchan, John C. Chatham, Daniel J. Klionsky, Cecilia Gotor, Isabelle Hamer, Katarzyna Mnich, Paola Rusmini, Chengshu Wang, Per Nilsson, Lorena Esteban-Martínez, Raúl V. Durán, Dieter Willbold, Hye Won Chung, Janet D. Sparks, John M. Lucocq, Blake B. Rasmussen, Takeshi Matsuzawa, Hagai Abeliovich, Wiep Scheper, Sung Joon Lee, Jennifer S. Carew, Serena Carra, Michael J. Morgan, Nikolai Slavov, Guy Berchem, Tiziana Cocco, Simone Engelender, Jianbo Yue, Yujie Chen, Mario Fabri, Maria F. Czyzyk-Krzeska, Hua Niu, Roger J. Davis, Peter J. Adhihetty, Kishore B.S. Pasumarthi, Jongsook Kim Kemper, Sharon A. Tooze, Antonio Zorzano, Jin Cheon Kim, Jian Xu, Andreas Meryk, Kristina Vuori, Jongdae Lee, Patrizia Agostinis, Diego Ruano, Wim Vandenberghe, Julia I-Ju Leu, Céline Gongora, Bernadette Carroll, Vinoth Kumar Megraj Khandelwal, Bo Lu, Marja Jäättelä, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Ioannis P. Trougakos, Tatsuya Maeda, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Mario Chiong, Hans-Uwe Simon, Lance A. Liotta, Ruth S. Slack, Ina Oehme, Umamaheswar Duvvuri, Shaun Martin, Augustine M.K. Choi, Michel Vidal, Ying Wang, Isis do Carmo Kettelhut, Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny, Jörn Coers, Massimo Donadelli, Jesus Aldudo, Miyuki Sato, Jianxun Liu, Jörg Höhfeld, Luc Van Kaer, Andrei I. Ivanov, Dohun Pyeon, José M. Bravo-San-Pedro, Jianxin Peng, Xiaoyan Jiang, Dimitri Krainc, Yangqing Xu, Arnaud François, P. Robin Hiesinger, Sagar Lonial, William C. Cho, Caty Casas, Betty Yuen Kwan Law, Hongbing Zhang, Tor Erik Rusten, Erwin Knecht, Honglin Luo, Shi Xiao, Hiromi Sesaki, Enza Maria Valente, Verónica Pérez de la Cruz, Marta M. Lipinski, David A. Hood, Shi-Yong Sun, Luiz Carlos Carvalho Navegantes, Joynal Abedin, Shino Goto-Yamada, Gustavo Maegawa, Takehiko Matsushita, Vitor A. Lira, Clara I. Rodríguez, Ekihiro Seki, Qiang Li, Karin Öllinger, Ted M. Dawson, Ssang-Goo Cho, Wan-Wan Lin, Pramod Kumar Garg, Jeffrey Robbins, Peter R. Williamson, Michael Sacher, Carlo Follo, Bulent Ozpolat, Xiao Jia Wang, Na Man, Hua Cheng, Bing Yan, Tsung-Hsien Chuang, Paul B. Fisher, Rajat Singh, Edward A. Ratovitski, Katsuhiko Kitamoto, Jung Jin Hwang, Shinji Hadano, Che Hsin Lee, Shuo Wang, Einar M. Sigurdsson, Camille Martinand-Mari, Agnieszka Sirko, Katherine R. Parzych, Etienne Morel, Yasushi Kitaoka, Hassan Chaachouay, Patricia Chakur Brum, Dexin Kong, Jerome Tamburini, Kuppan Gokulan, Stefan Olsson, Bilon Khambu, Lea M.D. Delbridge, Daniel P. Orban, David A. Gewirtz, Zhonglin Xie, Joe Quadrilatero, Kunikazu Tanji, Simin Mohseni, Gábor Bánhegyi, Jin Ming Yang, Jinxian Xu, Carmen Veríssima Ferreira-Halder, Addanki P. Kumar, Deok Ryong Kim, Jianjie Ma, Sang Won Suh, Guido Kroemer, Klára Megyeri, Michael N. Sack, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Gilles Pagès, Gabriella Marfe, Gregg L. Semenza, Karine G. Le Roch, Marisa Brini, Marina Bouché, Oliver Kepp, Vinay V. Eapen, J. David Beckham, Stephan T. Stern, Xudong Zhang, Marcello Pinti, Xiangnan Zhang, Jae Keun Lee, Ana Coto-Montes, Assaf Rudich, Laura D. Attardi, Debabrata Ghosh, Philip Rosenstiel, Sébastien Besteiro, Maria Rosa Sarrias, R. Andres Floto, Xiao Ming Yin, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Hermann Pavenstädt, Matias Simons, Hitoshi Nakatogawa, Sandro Alves, Krisztina Takács-Vellai, Masato Koike, Debasish Sinha, Shoji Notomi, Faraj Terro, Maria Carmela Roccheri, Santiago Ambrosio, K. Ulrich Bayer, Yumin Li, Terje Johansen, Christian Kuhn, Yee Shin Lin, David C. Rubinsztein, Ziwei Qu, Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov, Emmanuel T. Akporiaye, Galila Agam, Hui Ling Chiang, Seung-Jae Lee, Yu Xue, Francesca Giampieri, Markus Damme, Tassula Proikas-Cezanne, Tianwei Lin, Marc Kantorow, Guang-Chao Chen, Qiangrong Liang, Claudia Manzoni, Joan S. Steffan, Emilio Boada-Romero, Damien Freyssenet, Sepp D. Kohlwein, Maria D. Barrachina, Yulin Liao, Jiankang Chen, Erika Isono, Hugo Seca, Mei Wang, Taras Y. Nazarko, Yannick Bailly, Nadya V. Koshkina, Tapas K. Maiti, Bärbel Rohrer, Karin Nowikovsky, James H. Hurley, Gerald W. Dorn, Nils C. Gassen, Kazuhiro Nagata, Eiki Kominami, A. Ivana Scovassi, Ana Maria Cuervo, Adi Kimchi, Minghua Yang, Sylviane Muller, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Defense in Plant-Pathogen Interactions [Nagoya, Japan], Nagoya University-Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences [Nagoya, Japan], Facultad de Quimica [Santiago], Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Institute of Cancer Sciences [Glasgow, UK] (CR-UK Beatson Institute), University of Glasgow, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Université Catholique de Louvain, Harvard University Statistics Department, Harvard University [Cambridge], Centre épigénétique et destin cellulaire (EDC (UMR_7216)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Immunobiologie des Cellules dendritiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University-Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University)-Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos [Buenos Aires] (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Medicina [Buenos Aires], Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Thérapie génique, Génomique et Epigénomique (U 1169), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides (U1162), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), Department of Molecular Genetics [Rehovot, Israël], Weizmann Institute of Science, Fondation Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Département Advanced Research And Techniques For Multidimensional Imaging Systems (ARTEMIS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California (USC), Centre méditérannéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Giannina Gaslini Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester] (UMASS), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (IMAU), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Indian Institute of Science [Bangalore] (IISc Bangalore), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Département des Sciences Biologiques [Montréal], Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute E. Medea, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Univ Ancona, Politecn Marche, University of Toronto, Munich Cluster for systems neurology [Munich] (SyNergy), Technische Universität München [München] (TUM)-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome]-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Physiopathologie du système nerveux central - Institut François Magendie, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-IFR8-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Hémato-Cancérologie Expérimentale, CRP-Santé, Dpt of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies [Genova], NeuroEngineering & bio-arTificial Synergic SystemS Laboratory [Genova] (NetS3 Lab), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)-Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Régulation de l'expression génétique (REG), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique des interactions membranaires normales et pathologiques (DIMNP), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine [CA, USA], Institut de Myologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroembryology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergeta'-Clinical and Behavioral Neurology - Neuroscienze e riabilitazione, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia [Roma]-Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Glycobiologie et signalisation cellulaire, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Mécanismes moléculaires de l'angiogénèse, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Florida [Gainesville], Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer (JPArc - U1172 Inserm), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (HOTE GREFFON), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-France-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-France-Comté])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Infection bactérienne, inflammation, et carcinogenèse digestive, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-IFR50-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Edinburgh, Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University [Istanbul], Department of Biological Sciences [Stanford], Stanford University [Stanford], Université de Montréal (UdeM), Department of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System-Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba], Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering [Tsukuba], University of Tsukuba-University of Tsukuba, Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Genetics, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Naples Federico II, Lund University [Lund], Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, (IMB), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Polytechnic University of Marche, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas y Ambientales de Barcelona, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Physiopathologie et thérapie du muscle strié, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR14-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The Buck Institute for Age Research, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Istituto Gaslini, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology [Birmingham], Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Modélisation et Simulation Numérique en Mécanique et Génie des Procédés (MSNMGP), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Dept of Mathematics, Purdue University, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Virologie et Pathologie Humaine (VirPath), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zhejiang University, Équipe Micro et nanosystèmes HyperFréquences Fluidiques (LAAS-MH2F), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Southern University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTech), OASE, National University of Tainan, Taiwan (OASE), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Weifang Bureau of Land Resources [Weifang], Department of cardiology [Guy's and St. Thomas ' hospitals] [London], Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London]-Guy's Hospital [London], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Korea University, Cytokines et Immunologie des Tumeurs Humaines (U753), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Pharmacology [Tartu, Estonie], Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine [Tartu, Estonie], University of Tartu-University of Tartu, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie - Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry [Göttingen], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University of Cincinnati (UC), Réponses immunes : régulation et développement, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Experimental Medicine, Oxford University, University of Oxford [Oxford], Division of regenerative Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU)-Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNV, University of Valparaiso, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Cell Signalling & Proteomics Group [Londres, Royayme-Uni], Barts Cancer Institute [Londres, Royayme-Uni], Queen Mary University of London (QMUL)-Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery [Jena], Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Austin, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte - Clermont Auvergne (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Neurogenetics Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] (UFRJ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Molecular and Cellular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies-LifeNet, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Groupe de Recherche en Immunopathologies et maladies infectueuses (GRI), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre hospitalier Félix-Guyon [Saint-Denis, La Réunion], Brunel University London [Uxbridge], Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Institution de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Radiothérapie moléculaire (UMR 1030), Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba], Institut Pasteur, Fondation Cenci Bolognetti - Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Institut Bergonié - Département de médecine, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer [CRLCC], Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL), Récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabète (EGID), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de signalisation moléculaire et neurodégénerescence, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-IFR37-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Trafic membranaire et Division cellulaire, Landesbetrieb Hessisches Landeslabor, Hematology-Oncology Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], University of Pavia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas [San Martín] (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), University of Helsinki, School of Physics and Astronomy [Exeter], University of Exeter, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry (CSIC), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, Laboratory of Vascular Pathology (IDI-IRCCS), Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Peking University [Beijing], MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, University of Brescia, Immunobiologie fondamentale et clinique, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-IFR128-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC régional épidémiologie clinique/essais cliniques - Ile de la Réunion (CIC-EC), University of Rome 'Tor Vergeta', Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dulbecco Telethon Institute/Department of Biology, Istituto Nazionale di Malattie Infettive 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' (INMI), Rockefeller University [New York], The Babraham Institute, Kansas State University, McGill University, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department of Medicine [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), ATOS Origin, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences-Tohoku University [Sendai], Goethe-University, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institute of physiological chemistry, Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Department of Physiology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Apoptose, cancer et immunité (U848), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (LBD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Institute of Experimental Immunology - IEI [Zürich, Switzerland], Université de Zurich [Switzerland], Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI-NUIG), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit [Leuven, Belgium] ( Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Signaling in Oncogenesis, Angiogenesis and Permeability - SOAP (CRCINA - Département ONCO - Equipe 15), Centre de recherche de Cancérologie et d'Immunologie / Nantes - Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Department of Medicine [San Francisco], University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, Fondazione Santa Lucia [IRCCS], Clinical and Behavioral Neurology [IRCCS Santa Lucia], Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, N.A., Division of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, University of Chile [Santiago], Université de Montpellier (UM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto [São Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology [Okazaki], Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), Universidad de Sevilla-Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, The Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Pharmacology and biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Lettres, Idées, Savoir (LIS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, China Seismological Bureau, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center [Waltham], Brandeis University, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), ORIENT ET MÉDITERRANÉE : Textes, Archéologie, Histoire (OM), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, aDepartment of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Philipps University of Marburg, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Rural Health Academic Centre, University of Melbourne-Rural Clinical School, Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita [Modena, Italy], Stress Cellulaire, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA], Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Mathematics and Computing in Automatic Control and Optimization for the User (MIAOU), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Biology, UCL-Institute of Child Health (ICH), Institute of Child Health-Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado [Boulder], Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Joslin Diabetes Center, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Metabolic Engineering Group, Departamento de Microbiologia y Genetica, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Summit Analytical, CALRG, Institute of Educational Technology, Institute for Neurologic Disabilities Research, Faculty of Health Sciences-University of Pretoria [South Africa], Department of Paediatric Neurology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London]-Evelina Children's Hospital, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles [UMR_A1280] (PhAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harward Medical School, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute [Faridabad] (THSTI), Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, School of Reliability and Systems Engineering [Beijing], Beihang University, Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology [Charlottesville, VA, USA] (School of Medicine), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Apoptose, cancer et immunité (Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le cancer - CRC - Inserm U1138), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), School of Electrical Engineering [Seoul] (Korea University), Department of Mathematics and Statistics [Guelph], University of Guelph, Department of Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics [Stanford, CA, États-Unis], Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arizona Respiratory Center, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Newcastle University [Newcastle], JRC Institute for Transuranium Elements [Karlsruhe] (ITU ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Karlsruhe] (JRC), Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas], Centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaire et cellulaire (CGPhiMC), Laboratory of Functional Neurogenomics [Tuebingen, Germany], University of Tuebingen-Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research [Tuebingen, Germany], Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Indian School of Mines, Department of Computer Science [UIUC] (UIUC), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Centre for Cancer Biology, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - U1019 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse, Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FONDAP Center CEMC Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Chungnam National Univesity School of Medicine, Taejon, Korea, Chungnam National Univesity School of Medicine, Micro & Nanobiotechnologies, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de génétique moléculaire (CGM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Applied Mathematics, Tsinghua University [Beijing], University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes (LBMCE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microenvironnement et Physiopathologie de la Differenciation, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Beatson institute for cancer research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Howard Hugues Medical Institute, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute of Computing Technology [Beijing] (ICT), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), School of Electronics and Computer Science (ECS), University of Southampton, Third Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Cognitive Interaction Technology [Bielefeld] (CITEC), Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, Procédés, Matériaux et Energie Solaire (PROMES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Pharmacy- University of Coimbra, National Neuroscience Institute, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology (LMVI), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Coll Life Sci, Beijing Normal University, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Molecular Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine-George Mason University [Fairfax], Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburg, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Hunan University of Science and Technology [Xiangtan], Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Génie Mécanique (LGCGM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), China Agricultural University (CAU), Acad Disaster Reduct and Emergency Management, Minist Civil Affairs, Minist Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China, affiliation inconnue, Département Technologie des Polymères et Composites & Ingénierie Mécanique (TPCIM), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Ministère de l'Economie, des Finances et de l'Industrie, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge (ligm), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-ESIEE Paris-Fédération de Recherche Bézout-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biochimie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LBMC), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), Emory University [Atlanta, GA]-Medical College of Wisconsin, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Illman Cancer Center, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho [Braga], Équipe Calcul Distribué et Asynchronisme (LAAS-CDA), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Laboratory of Systems Biology, Van Andel Institute [Grand Rapids], Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, National Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Dendrite Differenciation Group [DZNE - Bonn], German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Equipe 12, Génétique moléculaire, signalisation et cancer (GMSC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer [Barcelona, Spain] (Hospital Clinic ), Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Fisiopatologia de los procesos inflamatorios, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University, Transduction du signal et oncogénèse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Curie, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Department of medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), IDI-IRCCS Biochemistry Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance/Metabolism & Cancer Group [Catalonia, Spain] (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona), Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), Universidad de Sevilla, Immunité muqueuse et vaccination, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR50-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), DIMS, University of Trento [Trento], Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule (LBMC), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine [Madrid, Spain], Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy [Madrid, Spain], Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) -Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3HD, UK, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dpt. of Cancer & Cell Biology, Interactions Bactéries-Cellules (UIBC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Max planck Institute for Biology of Ageing [Cologne], Euromov (EuroMov), Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology [Glasgow, UK], University of Glasgow- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation [Glasgow, UK], Immunologie et chimie thérapeutiques (ICT), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 1599, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EA 4100, Histoire culturelle et sociale de l'art (HiCSA), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing (Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing), Swinburne University of Technology [Melbourne], Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences [Vancouver, BC, Canada] (Life Sciences Institute), University of British Columbia (UBC)-Life Sciences Institute [Vancouver, BC, Canada], School of Pharmacy, Department of Experimental Medicine, Dept. Neurosciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Radiation Physics, School of Life Science, Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Doshisha University, National Cancer Research Center [Tokyo, Japan], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration [Göttingen, Germany], University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Cibles moléculaires et thérapeutiques de la maladie d'Alzheimer (CIMoTHeMA), Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (LPMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BioCeV-Institute of Microbiology, Médecine Personnalisée, Pharmacogénomique, Optimisation Thérapeutique (MEPPOT - U1147), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Istituto di chimica biologica, Università degli Studi di Verona, Département Image et Traitement Information (ITI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne, Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Cell Immunity in Cancer, Inflammation and infection Group [Zaragoza, Spain] (Biomedical Research Center), Nanoscience Institute of Aragon - INA [Zaragoza, Spain]-Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo - ARAID [Zaragoza, Spain]-University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Department of Pediatrics, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Transfert de Genes a Visee Therapeutique Dans les Cellules Souches, Developpement Normal et Pathologique du Système Immunitaire, Signalisation et physiopathologie des cellules épithéliales, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Sede Sur, Centre de recherche Croissance et signalisation (UMR_S 845), College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Laboratory of Cardiac Surgical Research, Monash University [Clayton], Universidade do Minho, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group (CIBERNED), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Department of medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA, State University of New York (SUNY), National University of Singapore (NUS)-Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine-Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Transporteurs en Imagerie et Radiothérapie en Oncologie (TIRO - UMR E4320), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-UMR E4320 (TIRO-MATOs), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Sterol metabolism and therapeutic innovations in oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, CRLCC Institut Claudius Regaud-CRLCC Institut Claudius Regaud-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Señalización Celular 4, Institute of integrative biology (Liverpool), University of Liverpool, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Bethesda], Department of Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biophysics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Shenyang Institute of Automation, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SIA), Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Dipartimento di Biologia, Mechanics laboratory , UniversityAmar Telidji, 3000 Laghouat, Algéria., Mechanics laboratory , University Amar Telidji, sans affiliation, Service d'hépatologie [Hôpital Beaujon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Chaperones Research Group, Institute of Biosciences and Technology [Houston, TX, États-Unis] (IBT), Texas A&M Health Science Center [Houston, TX, États-Unis] (TAMHSC), Texas A&M University Health Science Center-Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Cibles thérapeutiques, formulation et expertise pré-clinique du médicament (CITHEFOR), Université de Lorraine (UL), Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [Indianapolis, IN, USA], Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, CESAM & Biology Department, Universidade de Aveiro, Celullar and Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Apoptose et Système Immunitaire (ASI), Vieillissement Cellulaire Intégré et Inflammation (VCII), Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement = Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematical Sciences [Aalborg], Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Biozentrum, University of Basel (Unibas), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] (EMBL), Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (NJMS), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), Department of Neurosciences, Agronomes et Vétérinaires Sans Frontières (AVSF), AVSF, Department of Mathematics [Gakushuin], Gakushuin University, Department of Internal Medicine [Münster, Germany], University of Münster, Neurogenetics laboratory, University Medicine Goettingen, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Uruguay, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération (LBCMCP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institute for Conservation & Improvement of Valentian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), ICBM, University of Chile [Santiago]-Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Department of Cell Biology, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, University of Minnesota Medical School, Beijing Candid soft Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery [Maebashi, Japan], Gunma University Graduate Schoolof Medicine [Maebashi, Japan], Department of Molecular Genetics [Maastricht, The Netherlands], Maastricht University [The Netherlands], Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Wilmer Eye Institute, Mayo Clinic and Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN)-Sciences, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Waterloo] (ECE), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], University of Minho, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory (FML), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Brescia University, Department of Physiological Chemistry [Bochum], Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], University of Oslo (UiO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Association française contre les myopathies (AFM-Téléthon)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-France-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-France-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-IFR50-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], UNICANCER, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Trafic membranaire et Division cellulaire - Membrane Traffic and Cell Division, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique [CHU Rouen], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signaling in Oncogenesis, Angiogenesis and Permeability (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 15), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH)-Institute of Child Health, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - INSERM U1019 - UMR 9017 (CIIL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse - Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Bézout-ESIEE Paris-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University of Lisboa (NOVA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Doshisha University [Kyoto], Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze], University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza]-Nanoscience Institute of Aragon - INA [Zaragoza, Spain]-Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo - ARAID [Zaragoza, Spain], Central China Normal University [Wuhan, China], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-UMR E4320 (TIRO-MATOs), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Claudius Regaud, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de biologie structurale [1992-2019] (IBS - UMR 5075 [1992-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Facultad de Medicina [Buenos Aires], Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, George Mason University [Fairfax]-Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation [Glasgow, UK]-University of Glasgow, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Settore BIO/06, biology, Cell Biology, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Interpretation (model theory), 03 medical and health sciences, Arama, 030104 developmental biology, Molecular Biology, Humanities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Author(s): Klionsky, DJ; Abdelmohsen, K; Abe, A; Abedin, MJ; Abeliovich, H; Arozena, AA; Adachi, H; Adams, CM; Adams, PD; Adeli, K; Adhihetty, PJ; Adler, SG; Agam, G; Agarwal, R; Aghi, MK; Agnello, M; Agostinis, P; Aguilar, PV; Aguirre-Ghiso, J; Airoldi, EM; Ait-Si-Ali, S; Akematsu, T; Akporiaye, ET; Al-Rubeai, M; Albaiceta, GM; Albanese, C; Albani, D; Albert, ML; Aldudo, J; Algul, H; Alirezaei, M; Alloza, I; Almasan, A; Almonte-Beceril, M; Alnemri, ES; Alonso, C; Altan-Bonnet, N; Altieri, DC; Alvarez, S; Alvarez-Erviti, L; Alves, S; Amadoro, G; Amano, A; Amantini, C; Ambrosio, S; Amelio, I; Amer, AO; Amessou, M; Amon, A; An, Z; Anania, FA; Andersen, SU; Andley, UP; Andreadi, CK; Andrieu-Abadie, N; Anel, A; Ann, DK; Anoopkumar-Dukie, S; Antonioli, M; Aoki, H; Apostolova, N; Aquila, S; Aquilano, K; Araki, K; Arama, E; Aranda, A; Araya, J; Arcaro, A; Arias, E; Arimoto, H; Ariosa, AR; Armstrong, JL; Arnould, T; Arsov, I; Asanuma, K; Askanas, V; Asselin, E; Atarashi, R; Atherton, SS; Atkin, JD; Attardi, LD; Auberger, P; Auburger, G; Aurelian, L; Autelli, R
Published: 2016

47. Early Detection and Diagnosis of Oral Premalignant Squamous Mucosal Lesions

Author: Nadarajah Vigneswaran and Adel K. El-Naggar
Subjects: Larynx, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cancer, Early detection, 030206 dentistry, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Squamous carcinoma, stomatognathic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Chewing tobacco, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Tongue, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, Oral lichen planus, business, Leukoplakia
Abstract: Head and neck squamous carcinoma (SCC) arises from the squamous mucosal lining of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx and is the sixth most common cancer with an estimated 500,000 new cases diagnosed worldwide annually. Conventional SCC of the oral cavity accounts for ~15 % of all head and neck malignancies, leading to 7000 deaths per year in the USA [2, 3]. Risk factors for conventional oral SCC include smoking and chewing tobacco, heavy alcohol consumption, and chewing betel quid. Recently, a new subtype that typically originates from the oropharyngeal mucosa has been recognized [4]. The tongue is the most common site for oral cancer among European and US populations, accounting for 40–50 % of oral cancers [2, 5], and the buccal mucosa is the most common site of the Indian subcontinent due to betel quid/tobacco chewing habits [5]. Predicting the phenotypic progression of high risk premalignant lesions is fundamental to early intervention and ultimately to the prevention of SCC. This chapter will discuss the phenotypic and biological events associated with early SCC tumorgenensis and advances in early detection.
Published: 2016

48. Benign and Premalignant Oral Lesions

Author: Ann M. Gillenwater and Nadarajah Vigneswaran
Published: 2016

49. Gemcitabine Inhibits Murine Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Growth via Proteasome-Dependent Degradation of Chk1 Leading to Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis

Author: Nadarajah Vigneswaran, Emily Whitaker, Jean Wu, and Anren Song
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cell cycle checkpoint, business.industry, Cell growth, medicine.disease, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Gemcitabine, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Apoptosis, Internal medicine, MG132, Proteasome inhibitor, medicine, Cancer research, CHEK1, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common tumor worldwide that often presents at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. Advanced HNSCC frequently exhibits resistance to chemotherapy limiting its efficacy. Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine-based analog that is currently used for the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. In this study, we examined the anti-tumor effects of gemcitabine in a highly aggressive murine model of HNSCC (LY2). In vitro cell viability and in vivo tumor growth inhibitory assays were carried out to determine the sensitivity of LY2 cells to gemcitabine. Immunohistochemical, Western blotting, RT-PCR and RNAi-mediated silencing assays were used to characterize effects of gemcitabine cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, apoptosis, pro-survival and DNA damage response signaling pathways. LY2 cells treated with gemcitabine undergo apoptosis mediated by the activation of both caspase-3 and -9. Gemcitabine on treatment induces rapid phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) in LY2 cells and subsequent degradation in a time and dose dependent manner. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 blocks Chk1 degradation and decreases LY2 cells susceptibility to gemcitabine. Inhibition of Chk1 function, either using inhibitor PD 407824 or small interfering RNA (siRNA), increases the sensitivity of LY2 cells to gemcitabine. Gemcitabine treatment resulted in significant reduction in tumor growth relative to saline-treated control in a syngeneic orthotopic murine model of HNSCC. Gemcitabine-induced DNA replication stress in LY2 cells activates Chk1 by phosphorylation and promotes Chk1 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Depletion of Chk1 terminates S-phase check point in LY2 cells resulting in apoptotic cell death. Our data provides an important rationale for integrating gemcitabine to optimize chemotherapeutic efficacy in HNSCC.
Published: 2012

50. Hypoxia-induced autophagic response is associated with aggressive phenotype and elevated incidence of metastasis in orthotopic immunocompetent murine models of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC)

Author: Jean Wu, Ananth Annapragada, Wolfgang Zacharias, Nadarajah Vigneswaran, and Anren Song
Subjects: Programmed cell death, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Biochemistry, Apoptosis, Biology, Article, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Metastasis, Mice, Cell Line, Tumor, Autophagy, medicine, Animals, Pimonidazole, Neoplasm Metastasis, Molecular Biology, Cell Proliferation, Mouth neoplasm, Caspase 3, Cancer, Hypoxia (medical), medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Cell Hypoxia, Up-Regulation, Disease Models, Animal, Phenotype, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Beclin-1, Mouth Neoplasms, medicine.symptom, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Immunocompetence
Abstract: Hypoxia confers resistance to chemoradiation therapy and promotes metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). We investigated the effects of hypoxia in tumor phenotype using immunocompetent murine HNSCC models. Balb/c mice were injected intraorally with murine squamous cell carcinoma cells LY-2 and B4B8. Intratumoral hypoxia fraction was evaluated by the immunohistochemical detection of hypoxic probe pimonidazole and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). Tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy in hypoxic areas of these tumors were examined immunohistochemically. Hypoxia-induced apoptotic and autophagic responses in vitro were examined by treating LY2 cells with CoCl(2). B4B8 tumors exhibited a non-aggressive phenotype characterized by its slow growth rate and the lack of metastatic spread. LY2 tumors demonstrated an aggressive phenotype characterized by rapid growth rate with regional and distant metastasis. Intratumoral hypoxia fraction in B4B8 tumors was significantly lower than in LY2 tumors. The hypoxic areas in B4B8 tumors exhibited increased apoptosis rate than that of LY2 tumors. In contrast, the hypoxic areas in LY2 tumors revealed autophagy. The induction of hypoxia in vitro elicited autophagy and not apoptosis in LY2 cells. The induction of autophagy coupled with blockage of apoptosis in hypoxic areas promotes tumor cell survival and confers aggressive phenotype in immunocompetent murine HNSCC models.
Published: 2011

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