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1. Respiration driven CO2 pulses dominate Australia's flux variability

Author

Metz, Eva-Marie, Vardag, Sanam N., Basu, Sourish, Jung, Martin, Ahrens, Bernhard, El-Madany, Tarek, Sitch, Stephen, Arora, Vivek K., Briggs, Peter R., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Goll, Daniel S., Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Lombardozzi, Danica, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Poulter, Benjamin, Séférian, Roland, Tian, Hanqin, Wiltshire, Andrew, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Deutscher, Nicholas M., Griffith, David W. T., and Butz, André

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

The Australian continent contributes substantially to the year-to-year variability of the global terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) sink. However, the scarcity of in-situ observations in remote areas prevents deciphering the processes that force the CO2 flux variability. Here, examining atmospheric CO2 measurements from satellites in the period 2009-2018, we find recurrent end-of-dry-season CO2 pulses over the Australian continent. These pulses largely control the year-to-year variability of Australia's CO2 balance, due to 2-3 times higher seasonal variations compared to previous top-down inversions and bottom-up estimates. The CO2 pulses occur shortly after the onset of rainfall and are driven by enhanced soil respiration preceding photosynthetic uptake in Australia's semi-arid regions. The suggested continental-scale relevance of soil rewetting processes has large implications for our understanding and modelling of global climate-carbon cycle feedbacks., Comment: 28 pages (including supplementary materials), 3 main figures, 7 supplementary figures; v2 changes: Last name of first author changed

Published
2022
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3. Process-oriented analysis of dominant sources of uncertainty in the land carbon sink

Author

O’Sullivan, Michael, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Anthoni, Peter, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bastrikov, Vladislav, Delire, Christine, Goll, Daniel S., Jain, Atul, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Knauer, Jürgen, Lienert, Sebastian, Lombardozzi, Danica, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Pongratz, Julia, Poulter, Benjamin, Séférian, Roland, Tian, Hanqin, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, and Zaehle, Sönke

Published
2022
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4. Global and regional drivers of land-use emissions in 1961-2017

Author

Hong, Chaopeng, Burney, Jennifer A., Pongratz, Julia, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Mueller, Nathaniel D., Jackson, Robert B., and Davis, Steven J.

Subjects
Management, Influence, Statistics, Economic aspects, History, Demographic aspects, Environmental aspects, Company business management, Global economy -- Influence, Regional development -- Influence, Emissions (Pollution) -- Demographic aspects -- Economic aspects -- Statistics, Greenhouse gases -- Statistics, Land use -- Environmental aspects -- Management -- History -- United States
Abstract

Author(s): Chaopeng Hong [sup.1] , Jennifer A. Burney [sup.2] , Julia Pongratz [sup.3] [sup.4] , Julia E. M. S. Nabel [sup.4] , Nathaniel D. Mueller [sup.5] [sup.6] , Robert B. [...], Historically, human uses of land have transformed and fragmented ecosystems.sup.1,2, degraded biodiversity.sup.3,4, disrupted carbon and nitrogen cycles.sup.5,6 and added prodigious quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere.sup.7,8. However, in contrast to fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) emissions, trends and drivers of GHG emissions from land management and land-use change (together referred to as 'land-use emissions') have not been as comprehensively and systematically assessed. Here we present country-, process-, GHG- and product-specific inventories of global land-use emissions from 1961 to 2017, we decompose key demographic, economic and technical drivers of emissions and we assess the uncertainties and the sensitivity of results to different accounting assumptions. Despite steady increases in population (+144 per cent) and agricultural production per capita (+58 per cent), as well as smaller increases in emissions per land area used (+8 per cent), decreases in land required per unit of agricultural production (-70 per cent) kept global annual land-use emissions relatively constant at about 11 gigatonnes CO.sub.2-equivalent until 2001. After 2001, driven by rising emissions per land area, emissions increased by 2.4 gigatonnes CO.sub.2-equivalent per decade to 14.6 gigatonnes CO.sub.2-equivalent in 2017 (about 25 per cent of total anthropogenic GHG emissions). Although emissions intensity decreased in all regions, large differences across regions persist over time. The three highest-emitting regions (Latin America, Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa) dominate global emissions growth from 1961 to 2017, driven by rapid and extensive growth of agricultural production and related land-use change. In addition, disproportionate emissions are related to certain products: beef and a few other red meats supply only 1 per cent of calories worldwide, but account for 25 per cent of all land-use emissions. Even where land-use change emissions are negligible or negative, total per capita CO.sub.2-equivalent land-use emissions remain near 0.5 tonnes per capita, suggesting the current frontier of mitigation efforts. Our results are consistent with existing knowledge--for example, on the role of population and economic growth and dietary choice--but provide additional insight into regional and sectoral trends. Trends in the rate of region- and sector-specific land-use greenhouse gas emissions in 1961-2017 show an acceleration of about 20% per decade after 2001.

Published
2021
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5. Increased control of vegetation on global terrestrial energy fluxes

Author

Forzieri, Giovanni, Miralles, Diego G., Ciais, Philippe, Alkama, Ramdane, Ryu, Youngryel, Duveiller, Gregory, Zhang, Ke, Robertson, Eddy, Kautz, Markus, Martens, Brecht, Jiang, Chongya, Arneth, Almut, Georgievski, Goran, Li, Wei, Ceccherini, Guido, Anthoni, Peter, Lawrence, Peter, Wiltshire, Andy, Pongratz, Julia, Piao, Shilong, Sitch, Stephen, Goll, Daniel S., Arora, Vivek K., Lienert, Sebastian, Lombardozzi, Danica, Kato, Etsushi, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Tian, Hanqin, Friedlingstein, Pierre, and Cescatti, Alessandro

Published
2020
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6. Integration of a Deep‐Learning‐Based Fire Model Into a Global Land Surface Model

Author

Son, Rackhun, primary, Stacke, Tobias, additional, Gayler, Veronika, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Schnur, Reiner, additional, Alonso, Lazaro, additional, Requena‐Mesa, Christian, additional, Winkler, Alexander J., additional, Hantson, Stijn, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, Weber, Ulrich, additional, and Carvalhais, Nuno, additional

Published
2024
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7. Impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial carbon cycle constrained by bottom-up and top-down approaches

Author

Bastos, Ana, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Chen, Chi, Mialon, Arnaud, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Arora, Vivek K., Briggs, Peter R., Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Chevallier, Frédéric, Cheng, Lei, Delire, Christine, Haverd, Vanessa, Jain, Atul K., Joos, Fortunat, Kato, Etsushi, Lienert, Sebastian, Lombardozzi, Danica, Melton, Joe R., Myneni, Ranga, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Pongratz, Julia, Poulter, Benjamin, Rödenbeck, Christian, Séférian, Roland, Tian, Hanqin, van Eck, Christel, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Wiltshire, Andy, Yang, Jia, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Ning, and Zhu, Dan

Published
2018

9. Reconciling global-model estimates and country reporting of anthropogenic forest CO2 sinks

Author

Grassi, Giacomo, House, Jo, Kurz, Werner A., Cescatti, Alessandro, Houghton, Richard A., Peters, Glen P., Sanz, Maria J., Viñas, Raul Abad, Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Bondeau, Alberte, Dentener, Frank, Fader, Marianela, Federici, Sandro, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Koven, Charles D., Lee, Donna, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nassikas, Alexander A., Perugini, Lucia, Rossi, Simone, Sitch, Stephen, Viovy, Nicolas, Wiltshire, Andy, and Zaehle, Sönke

Published
2018
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10. Soil respiration–driven CO 2 pulses dominate Australia’s flux variability

Author

Metz, Eva-Marie, primary, Vardag, Sanam N., additional, Basu, Sourish, additional, Jung, Martin, additional, Ahrens, Bernhard, additional, El-Madany, Tarek, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Briggs, Peter R., additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Goll, Daniel S., additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Wiltshire, Andrew, additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, Deutscher, Nicholas M., additional, Griffith, David W. T., additional, and Butz, André, additional

Published
2023
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12. Uncertainty in land carbon budget simulated by terrestrial biosphere models: the role of atmospheric forcing

Author

Hardouin, Lucas, primary, Delire, Christine, additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Lawrence, David M, additional, Nabel, Julia E M S, additional, Brovkin, Victor, additional, Collier, Nathan, additional, Fisher, Rosie, additional, Hoffman, Forrest M, additional, Koven, Charles D, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, and Stacke, Tobias, additional

Published
2022
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13. Linking global terrestrial CO2 fluxes and environmental drivers: inferences from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 satellite and terrestrial biospheric models

Author

Chen, Zichong, Liu, Junjie, Henze, Daven K., Huntzinger, Deborah N., Wells, Kelley C., Sitch, Stephen, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Joetzjer, Emilie, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Goll, Daniel S., Haverd, Vanessa, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Lienert, Sebastian, Lombardozzi, Danica L., McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Poulter, Benjamin, Tian, Hanqin, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, and Miller, Scot M.

Subjects
Chemistry, Physics, QC1-999, QD1-999
Abstract

Observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) satellite have been used to estimate CO2 fluxes in many regions of the globe and provide new insight into the global carbon cycle. The objective of this study is to infer the relationships between patterns in OCO-2 observations and environmental drivers (e.g., temperature, precipitation) and therefore inform a process understanding of carbon fluxes using OCO-2. We use a multiple regression and inverse model, and the regression coefficients quantify the relationships between observations from OCO-2 and environmental driver datasets within individual years for 2015–2018 and within seven global biomes. We subsequently compare these inferences to the relationships estimated from 15 terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) that participated in the TRENDY model inter-comparison. Using OCO-2, we are able to quantify only a limited number of relationships between patterns in atmospheric CO2 observations and patterns in environmental driver datasets (i.e., 10 out of the 42 relationships examined). We further find that the ensemble of TBMs exhibits a large spread in the relationships with these key environmental driver datasets. The largest uncertainty in the models is in the relationship with precipitation, particularly in the tropics, with smaller uncertainties for temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Using observations from OCO-2, we find that precipitation is associated with increased CO2 uptake in all tropical biomes, a result that agrees with half of the TBMs. By contrast, the relationships that we infer from OCO-2 for temperature and PAR are similar to the ensemble mean of the TBMs, though the results differ from many individual TBMs. These results point to the limitations of current space-based observations for inferring environmental relationships but also indicate the potential to help inform key relationships that are very uncertain in state-of-the-art TBMs.

Published
2021

14. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, van der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, and Zeng, Jiye

Published
2022

15. Effects of Increased Drought in Amazon Forests Under Climate Change: Separating the Roles of Canopy Responses and Soil Moisture

Author

Wey, Hao-Wei, Pongratz, Julia, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Naudts, Kim, Wey, Hao-Wei, Pongratz, Julia, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., and Naudts, Kim

Abstract

The Amazon forests are one of the largest ecosystem carbon pools on Earth. Although more frequent and prolonged future droughts have been predicted, the impacts have remained largely uncertain, as most land surface models (LSMs) fail to capture the vegetation drought responses. In this study, the ability of the LSM JSBACH to simulate the drought responses of leaf area index (LAI) and leaf litter production in the Amazon forests is evaluated against artificial drought experiments. Based on the evaluation, improvements are implemented, including a dependency of leaf growth on leaf carbon allocation and a better representation of drought-dependent leaf shedding. The modified JSBACH is shown to capture the drought responses at two sites and across different regions of the basin. It is then coupled with an atmospheric model to simulate the carbon and biogeophysical feedbacks of drought under future climate. We separate the drought impacts into (a) the direct effect, resulting from drier soil and stomatal closure, which does not involve a change in canopy structure, and (b) the LAI effect, resulting from leaf shedding and involving canopy response. We show that the latter accounts for 35% of reduced land carbon uptake (9 ± 10 vs. 26 ± 7 g/m2/yr; mean ± 1 sd) and 12% of surface warming (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.7 ± 0.07 K) during the late 21st century. A north-south dipole of precipitation change is found, which is largely attributable to the direct effect. The results highlight the importance of incorporating drought deciduousness of tropical rainforests in LSMs to better simulate land-atmosphere interactions in the future.

Published
2022
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16. Are Terrestrial Biosphere Models Fit for Simulating the Global Land Carbon Sink?

Author

Seiler, Christian, primary, Melton, Joe R., additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Goll, Daniel, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Joetzjer, Emilie, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Walker, Anthony P., additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2022
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17. Assessing Model Predictions of Carbon Dynamics in Global Drylands

Author

Fawcett, Dominic, primary, Cunliffe, Andrew M., additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, O’Sullivan, Michael, additional, Anderson, Karen, additional, Brazier, Richard E., additional, Hill, Timothy C., additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Briggs, Peter R., additional, Goll, Daniel S., additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Li, Xiaojun, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Viovy, Nicolas, additional, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, additional, Wiltshire, Andy, additional, and Zaehle, Soenke, additional

Published
2022
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19. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, primary, Jones, Matthew W., additional, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Jackson, Rob B., additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Chini, Louise P., additional, Cronin, Margot, additional, Currie, Kim I., additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Djeutchouang, Laique M., additional, Dou, Xinyu, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Feng, Liang, additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Gilfillan, Dennis, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Gürses, Özgür, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Hurtt, George C., additional, Iida, Yosuke, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Jain, Atul, additional, Jones, Steve D., additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Liu, Junjie, additional, Marland, Gregg, additional, McGuire, Patrick C., additional, Melton, Joe R., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Rehder, Gregor, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Rosan, Thais M., additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Tans, Pieter P., additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Tubiello, Francesco, additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Wada, Chisato, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Watson, Andrew J., additional, Willis, David, additional, Wiltshire, Andrew J., additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Chao, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, and Zeng, Jiye, additional

Published
2022
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22. Soil respiration–driven CO2 pulses dominate Australia’s flux variability.

Author

Metz, Eva-Marie, Vardag, Sanam N., Basu, Sourish, Jung, Martin, Ahrens, Bernhard, El-Madany, Tarek, Sitch, Stephen, Arora, Vivek K., Briggs, Peter R., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Goll, Daniel S., Jain, Atul K., Etsushi Kato, Lombardozzi, Danica, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Poulter, Benjamin, Séférian, Roland, Hanqin Tian, Wiltshire, Andrew, and Wenping Yuan

Published
2023
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23. Global Carbon Budget 2016

Author

Quéré, Corinne Le, Andrew, Robbie M, Canadell, Josep G, Sitch, Stephen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P, Manning, Andrew C, Boden, Thomas A, Tans, Pieter P, Houghton, Richard A, Keeling, Ralph F, Alin, Simone, Andrews, Oliver D, Anthoni, Peter, Barbero, Leticia, Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P, Ciais, Philippe, Currie, Kim, Delire, Christine, Doney, Scott C, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Hoppema, Mario, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Jain, Atul K, Kato, Etsushi, Koertzinger, Arne, Landschuetzer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lombardozzi, Danica, Melton, Joe R, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S, Munro, David R, Nabel, Julia E. M. S, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, O’Brien, Kevin, Olsen, Are, Omar, Abdirahman M, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Roedenbeck, Christian, Salisbury, Joe, Schuster, Ute, Schwinger, Joerg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D, Sutton, Adrienne J, Takahashi, Taro, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T, van der Werf, Guido R, Viovy, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P, Wiltshire, Andrew J, and Zaehle, Soenke

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere the global carbon budget is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics, and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates and consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in SOCEAN is evaluated with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models. We compare the mean land and ocean fluxes and their variability to estimates from three atmospheric inverse methods for three broad latitude bands. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1(sigma), reflecting the current capacity to characterize the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2006-2015), EFF was 9.3+/-0.5 GtC/yr, ELUC 1.0+/-0.5 GtC/yr,GATM 4.5+/-0.1 GtC/yr, SOCEAN 2.6+/-0.5 GtC/yr, and SLAND 3.1+/-0.9 GtC/yr. For year 2015 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9+/-0.5 GtC/yr, showing a slowdown in growth of these emissions compared to the average growth of 1.8/yr that took place during 2006-2015.Also, for 2015, ELUC was 1.3+/-0.5 GtC/yr, GATM was 6.3+/-0.2 GtC/yr, SOCEAN was 3.0+/-0.5 GtC/yr, and SLAND was 1.9+/-0.9 GtC/yr. GATM was higher in 2015 compared to the past decade (2006-2015), reflecting a smaller SLAND for that year. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 399.4+/-0.1 ppm averaged over 2015. For 2016, preliminary data indicate the continuation of low growth in EFF with +0.2% (range of -1.0 to +1.8% ) based on national emissions projections for China and USA, and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. In spite of the low growth of EFF in 2016, the growth rate in atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to be relatively high because of the persistence of the smaller residual terrestrial sink (SLAND) in response to El Nino conditions of 2015-2016. From this projection of EFF and assumed constant ELUC for 2016, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach 565+/-55 GtC (2075+/-205 GtCO2) for 1870-2016, about 75% from EFF and 25% from ELUC. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set.

Published
2016
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24. Are Land‐Use Change Emissions in Southeast Asia Decreasing or Increasing?

Author

Kondo, Masayuki, primary, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Achard, Frédéric, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Patra, Prabir K., additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Li, Wei, additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, additional, Harper, Anna, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Koven, Charles, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Maki, Takashi, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Nakamura, Takashi, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Pugh, Thomas A. M., additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Saeki, Tazu, additional, Stocker, Benjamin, additional, Viovy, Nicolas, additional, Wiltshire, Andy, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2022
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25. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, primary, Jones, Matthew W., additional, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Jackson, Rob B., additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Chau, Thi T. T., additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Chini, Louise P., additional, Cronin, Margot, additional, Currie, Kim I., additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Djeutchouang, Laique, additional, Dou, Xinyu, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Feng, Liang, additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Gilfillan, Dennis, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Gürses, Özgür, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Hurtt, George C., additional, Iida, Yosuke, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Jones, Steve D., additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Liu, Junjie, additional, Marland, Gregg, additional, McGuire, Patrick C., additional, Melton, Joe R., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Rehder, Gregor, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Rosan, Thais M., additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Tans, Pieter P., additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Tubiello, Francesco, additional, van der Werf, Guido, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Wada, Chisato, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Watson, Andrew, additional, Willis, David, additional, Wiltshire, Andrew J., additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Chao, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, and Zeng, Jiye, additional

Published
2021
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26. Assessing the representation of the Australian carbon cycle in global vegetation models

Author

Teckentrup, Lina, primary, De Kauwe, Martin G., additional, Pitman, Andrew J., additional, Goll, Daniel S., additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Joetzjer, Emilie, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, McGuire, Patrick C., additional, Melton, Joe R., additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Walker, Anthony P., additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2021
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27. Slowdown of the greening trend in natural vegetation with further rise in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>

Author

Winkler, Alexander J., primary, Myneni, Ranga B., additional, Hannart, Alexis, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Goll, Daniel S., additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, and Brovkin, Victor, additional

Published
2021
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29. Dynamic global vegetation models underestimate net CO2 flux mean and inter-annual variability in dryland ecosystems

Author

MacBean, Natasha, primary, Scott, Russell L, additional, Biederman, Joel A, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Kolb, Thomas, additional, Litvak, Marcy E, additional, Krishnan, Praveena, additional, Meyers, Tilden P, additional, Arora, Vivek K, additional, Bastrikov, Vladislav, additional, Goll, Daniel, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica L, additional, Nabel, Julia E M S, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Walker, Anthony P, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, and Moore, David J P, additional

Published
2021
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31. Bookkeeping estimates of the net land-use change flux – a sensitivity study with the CMIP6 land-use dataset

Author

Hartung, Kerstin, primary, Bastos, Ana, additional, Chini, Louise, additional, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, additional, Havermann, Felix, additional, Hurtt, George C., additional, Loughran, Tammas, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Nützel, Tobias, additional, Obermeier, Wolfgang A., additional, and Pongratz, Julia, additional

Published
2021
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32. Tracking 21st century anthropogenic and natural carbon fluxes through model-data integration.

Author

Bultan, Selma, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Hartung, Kerstin, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Xu, Liang, Saatchi, Sassan, and Pongratz, Julia

Subjects
DATA integration, CARBON cycle, PARIS Agreement (2016), CARBON, LAND cover
Abstract

Monitoring the implementation of emission commitments under the Paris agreement relies on accurate estimates of terrestrial carbon fluxes. Here, we assimilate a 21st century observation-based time series of woody vegetation carbon densities into a bookkeeping model (BKM). This approach allows us to disentangle the observation-based carbon fluxes by terrestrial woody vegetation into anthropogenic and environmental contributions. Estimated emissions (from land-use and land cover changes) between 2000 and 2019 amount to 1.4 PgC yr−1, reducing the difference to other carbon cycle model estimates by up to 88% compared to previous estimates with the BKM (without the data assimilation). Our estimates suggest that the global woody vegetation carbon sink due to environmental processes (1.5 PgC yr−1) is weaker and more susceptible to interannual variations and extreme events than estimated by state-of-the-art process-based carbon cycle models. These findings highlight the need to advance model-data integration to improve estimates of the terrestrial carbon cycle under the Global Stocktake. Accurate estimates of carbon fluxes are important to our understanding of the carbon cycle. Here, via model-data integration, the authors disentangle anthropogenic and environmental carbon flux contributions of terrestrial woody vegetation, and find that environmental processes are weaker and more susceptible to interannual variations and extreme events in the 21st century than previously estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. Modelled land use and land cover change emissions – a spatio-temporal comparison of different approaches

Author

Obermeier, Wolfgang A., primary, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Loughran, Tammas, additional, Hartung, Kerstin, additional, Bastos, Ana, additional, Havermann, Felix, additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Goll, Daniel S., additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, additional, McGuire, Patrick C., additional, Melton, Joe R., additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Sullivan, Michael O., additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Walker, Anthony P., additional, Wiltshire, Andrew J., additional, Zaehle, Soenke, additional, and Pongratz, Julia, additional

Published
2021
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34. Greening drylands despite warming consistent with carbon dioxide fertilization effect

Author

Gonsamo, Alemu, primary, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Dorigo, Wouter, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Goll, Daniel S., additional, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Wiltshire, Andy, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, and Cescatti, Alessandro, additional

Published
2021
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35. Five years of variability in the global carbon cycle: comparing an estimate from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 and process-based models

Author

Chen, Zichong, primary, Huntzinger, Deborah N, additional, Liu, Junjie, additional, Piao, Shilong, additional, Wang, Xuhui, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Bastrikov, Vladislav, additional, Goll, Daniel S, additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Jain, Atul K, additional, Joetzjer, Emilie, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica L, additional, McGuire, Patrick C, additional, Melton, Joe R, additional, Nabel, Julia E M S, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Wiltshire, Andrew J, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, and Miller, Scot M, additional

Published
2021
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36. Plant phenology evaluation of CRESCENDO land surface models – Part 1: Start and end of the growing season

Author

Peano, Daniele, primary, Hemming, Deborah, additional, Materia, Stefano, additional, Delire, Christine, additional, Fan, Yuanchao, additional, Joetzjer, Emilie, additional, Lee, Hanna, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Wårlind, David, additional, Wiltshire, Andy, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2021
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37. Process-oriented analysis of dominant sources of uncertainty in the land carbon sink.

Author

O'Sullivan, Michael, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Anthoni, Peter, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bastrikov, Vladislav, Delire, Christine, Goll, Daniel S., Jain, Atul, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Knauer, Jürgen, Lienert, Sebastian, Lombardozzi, Danica, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Pongratz, Julia, and Poulter, Benjamin

Subjects
RATE of return on stocks, CARBON cycle, ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen, ATMOSPHERIC deposition, PLANT productivity, PLANT-soil relationships, STOCK prices
Abstract

The observed global net land carbon sink is captured by current land models. All models agree that atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen deposition driven gains in carbon stocks are partially offset by climate and land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) losses. However, there is a lack of consensus in the partitioning of the sink between vegetation and soil, where models do not even agree on the direction of change in carbon stocks over the past 60 years. This uncertainty is driven by plant productivity, allocation, and turnover response to atmospheric CO2 (and to a smaller extent to LULCC), and the response of soil to LULCC (and to a lesser extent climate). Overall, differences in turnover explain ~70% of model spread in both vegetation and soil carbon changes. Further analysis of internal plant and soil (individual pools) cycling is needed to reduce uncertainty in the controlling processes behind the global land carbon sink. The global net land sink is relatively well constrained. However, the responsible drivers and above/below-ground partitioning are highly uncertain. Model issues regarding turnover of individual plant and soil components are responsible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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38. Slow-down of the greening trend in natural vegetation with further rise in atmospheric CO2

Author

Winkler, Alexander J., primary, Myneni, Ranga B., additional, Hannart, Alexis, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Goll, Daniel S., additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, and Brovkin, Victor, additional

Published
2021
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39. Supplementary material to "Slow-down of the greening trend in natural vegetation with further rise in atmospheric CO2"

Author

Winkler, Alexander J., primary, Myneni, Ranga B., additional, Hannart, Alexis, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Goll, Daniel S., additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, and Brovkin, Victor, additional

Published
2021
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40. Net land-use change carbon flux estimates and sensitivities – An assessment with a bookkeeping model based on CMIP6 forcing

Author

Hartung, Kerstin, primary, Bastos, Ana, additional, Chini, Louise, additional, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, additional, Havermann, Felix, additional, Hurtt, George C., additional, Loughran, Tammas, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Nützel, Tobias, additional, Obermeier, Wolfgang A., additional, and Pongratz, Julia, additional

Published
2021
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41. Global Carbon Budget 2020

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, primary, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Jones, Matthew W., additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Jackson, Robert B., additional, Alin, Simone, additional, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Arora, Vivek, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Benoit-Cattin, Alice, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Bultan, Selma, additional, Chandra, Naveen, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Chini, Louise P., additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Florentie, Liesbeth, additional, Forster, Piers M., additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Gehlen, Marion, additional, Gilfillan, Dennis, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hartung, Kerstin, additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Joetzjer, Emilie, additional, Kadono, Koji, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kitidis, Vassilis, additional, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lenton, Andrew, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Liu, Zhu, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Marland, Gregg, additional, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, Munro, David R., additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, O'Brien, Kevin, additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Smith, Adam J. P., additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Tans, Pieter P., additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, van der Werf, Guido, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Walker, Anthony P., additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Watson, Andrew J., additional, Willis, David, additional, Wiltshire, Andrew J., additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2020
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42. Climate‐Driven Variability and Trends in Plant Productivity Over Recent Decades Based on Three Global Products

Author

O'Sullivan, Michael, primary, Smith, William K., additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kautz, Markus, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Wiltshire, Andy, additional, Zhu, Dan, additional, and Buermann, Wolfgang, additional

Published
2020
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45. Evaluating two soil carbon models within the global land surface model JSBACH using surface and spaceborne observations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>

Author

Thum, Tea, primary, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Tsuruta, Aki, additional, Aalto, Tuula, additional, Dlugokencky, Edward J., additional, Liski, Jari, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Markkanen, Tiina, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Yoshida, Yukio, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2020
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46. Plant phenology evaluation of CRESCENDO land surface models – Part I: start and end of growing season

Author

Peano, Daniele, primary, Hemming, Deborah, additional, Materia, Stefano, additional, Delire, Christine, additional, Fan, Yuanchao, additional, Joetzjer, Emilie, additional, Lee, Hanna, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Wårlind, David, additional, Wiltshire, Andy, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2020
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47. Supplementary material to "Plant phenology evaluation of CRESCENDO land surface models – Part I: start and end of growing season"

Author

Peano, Daniele, primary, Hemming, Deborah, additional, Materia, Stefano, additional, Delire, Christine, additional, Fan, Yuanchao, additional, Joetzjer, Emilie, additional, Lee, Hanna, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Wårlind, David, additional, Wiltshire, Andy, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2020
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48. Causes of slowing‐down seasonal CO 2 amplitude at Mauna Loa

Author

Wang, Kai, primary, Wang, Yilong, additional, Wang, Xuhui, additional, He, Yue, additional, Li, Xiangyi, additional, Keeling, Ralph F., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Heimann, Martin, additional, Peng, Shushi, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Buermann, Wolfgang, additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Wiltshire, Andy, additional, Zeng, Ning, additional, Zhu, Dan, additional, and Piao, Shilong, additional

Published
2020
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49. Comparison of forest above‐ground biomass from dynamic global vegetation models with spatially explicit remotely sensed observation‐based estimates

Author

Yang, Hui, primary, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Santoro, Maurizio, additional, Huang, Yuanyuan, additional, Li, Wei, additional, Wang, Yilong, additional, Bastos, Ana, additional, Goll, Daniel, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Harverd, Vanessa, additional, Joetzjer, Emilie, additional, Kautz, Markus, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Wiltshire, Andy, additional, and Zhu, Dan, additional

Published
2020
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50. European anthropogenic AFOLU greenhouse gas emissions: a review and benchmark data

Author

Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, primary, Peters, Glen P., additional, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, additional, Leip, Adrian, additional, Carmona-Garcia, Gema, additional, Winiwarter, Wilfried, additional, Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, additional, Günther, Dirk, additional, Solazzo, Efisio, additional, Kiesow, Anja, additional, Bastos, Ana, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Conchedda, Giulia, additional, Pilli, Roberto, additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, additional, and Dolman, Albertus J., additional

Published
2020
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