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The paper examines contemporary theories that focus on the theme of social diversity in relation to the national issue. In general, the central questioning of these theories turns against assumptions of homogeneity that marked the socio-political arrangements of modernity, which tend to generate inequalities and oppressions to certain social groups. To analyze the implications of such criticism, the article makes a comparison between concepts and directions of two theoretical lineages: communitarianism and multiculturalism. Although these theories successfully assume the challenge of pointing, since the last quarter of the twentieth century, to the particularities of sociocultural groups and to inequalities generated by traditional national arrangements, they tend to incur in some problems if they do not focus on the constituent character of public debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reflects on the artistic representation with characteristics of Hispanofilia, through the figure of the writer Juan Montalvo materialized in the monumental bronze sculpture, erected in the city of Ambato, which in addition to being a device for the transmission of ideas, has the form of a sign, this being understood as the object that is related to the idea represented in a tacit way, in this case as an unrefusable demonstration of love and respect, has the form of a sign, being this understood as the object that is related to the tacitly represented idea, in this case as an unrefusable demonstration of love and respect for Spain with its own Ecuadorian representative. To review main and secondary sources in journals and documents was made for the development of its corresponding interpretation, Iconographic and qualitative interpretation, which allowed us to determine the relevance of the figure of Montalvo as a modern hero, a defender of civilization and his postulation as a fervent Spaniard, worthy spokesman of the language of Castile, thus contributing to the formation of the social imaginary of the citizenry in favor of the mother country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies on the figuration of the nation in nineteenth-century Hispanic America have used sophisticated analyses of different media to suggest that Indigenous references were progressively excluded from urban public space as national symbols. In these spaces, the creole authorities placed themselves and their ancestors centre stage. However, these studies have neglected a highly representative medium: street names. This article demonstrates that street nomenclature was key in figuring the nation in a capital city and shows a different trend from that established using other media. Specifically, after the 1861 municipal reform of street names in Lima, Peru, the majority of official names were Indigenous and did not celebrate creole or military elites. This article examines this reform and the conflicts it provoked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O artigo aborda os conceitos de nação e de nacionalismo no pensamento político de Roger Scruton. Está dividido em duas partes: 1) a apresentação crítica dos argumentos clássicos sobre a nação e o nacionalismo, em autores como Ernest Gellner, Benedict Anderson, Eric Hobsbawm, David Miller, Anthony D. Smith e Yoram Hazony; 2) uma análise dos argumentos de Scruton sobre a nação e o nacionalismo. Scruton opõe-se aos argumentos de Anderson, Gellner e Hobsbawm, que entendiam a nação como uma construção artificial. No artigo é defendida a ideia conservadora em Scruton, especialmente, destacando-se conceitos como: Estado-Nação e Nação, a lealdade local e nacional, que correspondem à proteção dos pequenos pelotões, sendo, também, fundamental a associação e a sociedade civil. O fundamento do conservadorismo em Scruton assenta no conceito de Estado-Nação, na soberania política e na lealdade, bem como na interpretação do pensamento burkeano dos que já partiram, dos vivos e dos que ainda não nasceram.

Resumo: O artigo revisita três trabalhos da antropóloga Patricia Birman, escritos nos anos de 1990, evidenciando sua importância para compreender mudanças sociais que - depois de mais de duas décadas - influenciam as representações sobre cordialidade e violência na sociedade brasileira. Por meio de evidências empíricas e de instigantes costuras explicativas, os trabalhos revisitados nos permitem observar vivências cotidianas de fiéis; empreendimentos de autoridades religiosas e reprodução de desigualdades sociais por meio da localização do “mal da nação”. O objetivo do presente artigo é homenagear Patricia Birman indagando sobre como se (re)movem as fronteiras entre crenças e rituais religiosos, entre religião e política em nosso país e entre as religiões no Brasil e o que se passa no mundo.

A construção de um projeto de nação brasileira se deu na primeira metade do século XIX, em meio a um período de turbulências. Nesse período, foram criados os cursos de Direito em Olinda e São Paulo, além do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro. Após 22 anos de precariedade, o curso de Olinda foi transferido Recife, e foi quando, em 1870, Silvio Romero anunciou um conjunto de ideias cientificistas, inaugurando uma nova fase da historiografia brasileira. Ele propôs uma tríade racial como formadora do povo brasileiro, e para estudá-la recorreu ao folclore, tendo como objetivo compreender a contribuição cultural de cada raça para formação do povo brasileiro analisando homem e natureza. Essa sugestão aparece nas obras de Felisbelo Freire e Euclides da Cunha que tomamos como exemplo para investigar a repercussão do pensamento de Romero. Está pesquisa está pautada por uma sociologia do conhecimento de Mannheim, preocupada em investigar como as verdades são construídas em tempos de turbulência social. E, assim, a passagem do império à república é significativa para a dicotomia entre tradição e modernidade, sertão e litoral.

No final do século XIX e início do século XX, escritores e escritoras se envolvem num projeto de redescoberta do Brasil facilitado pelas viagens, principalmente de trem, que levaram a diferentes lugares, entre eles os sertões, um enclave no esboço de nação que provocou respostas instigan­tes às contradições observadas. A partir de textos escolhidos de Nestor Ví­tor, Julia Lopes de Almeida, Afonso Arinos, Coelho Neto, Alberto Rangel, Euclides da Cunha, Monteiro Lobato e Lima Barreto, pretende-se expor as tensões das viagens em busca da brasilidade que resultaram em dis­cursos e modos de ver o país, e a cultura, que ainda hoje permanecem em disputa.

RESUMO O artigo examina aspectos do Black Rio: a explosão dos bailes de soul (música e dança), que aglutinavam milhares de jovens (mulheres e homens) negros no Rio de Janeiro na década de 1970. Além de abordar as controvérsias causadas pelo Black Rio na imprensa, assim como a perseguição que o movimento sofreu por parte dos órgãos de repressão da ditadura militar, o artigo demonstra como o Black Rio difundiu um discurso de afirmação da negritude conectado à rede transnacional da afrodiáspora, o que provocou um amplo debate público sobre as questões raciais no Brasil e contribuiu para o processo de ressignificação da identidade do afro-brasileiro.

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Nas décadas finais do século XIX, um conjunto de letrados brasileiros e portugueses – a Geração de 70 – ocupou-se em explicar seus países e pro­por soluções para integrá-los à “marcha da civilização”. Entretanto, seus escritos manifestam uma tensão básica: se, de um lado, França e Inglater­ra forneciam o padrão a alcançar por ambas as sociedades, consideradas atrasadas (Brasil) ou decadentes (Portugal); de outro, poderia conduzi-las à perda do “caráter nacional”. No esforço de (re)criar suas respectivas na­ções, a Geração de 70 deixou, no traço realista do Romance e na escrita objetiva da História, autoimagens do ser português e do ser brasileiro. Ao analisar essas representações identitárias, privilegiou-se o papel central do imaginário social na construção simbólica da comunidade no interior de um discurso localizado social e historicamente.

This article presents hypotheses regarding the ideas of race and their associated concepts that circulated in a particular Chilean literature between the 1840s and 1940s, with the perspective of uncovering ideological continuities and divergences. The century that begins and ends in these decades is crucial for studying the development of racialism/racism in Chile, as it marks the consolidation of the Chilean literary field and the strengthening of the nation and its territories both to the north and south of colonial boundaries. This involved a discursive synthesis of specifically culturally and physically differentiated populations, in the words of the time, the encounter and amalgamation of "diverse races." In continental terms, these years stand out as the pivotal period for the development of nationalism and so-called "scientific racism," discourses and practices that were adopted by a significant portion of the Chilean intellectual elite. We will approach this exposition through writings published in Santiago, Valparaíso, and Copiapó, authored by Jotabeche (José Joaquín Vallejo), Vicente Fidel López, and Iris (Inés Echeverría Bello). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of representation, according to Chartier, is based on two distinct realities, but which interpenetrate each other. One concerns collective identities, rites, the ways in which social institutions are based. The other refers to the identity of the subject, the forms of individual display and the evaluation of that individual by the group. If representing means giving visibility to the other, historically, it has also meant silencing the other. Literature as an instrument for questioning dominant representations, obviously, also projects, maintains and subverts individual and collective identities. In his Memórias do Cárcere, Camilo Castelo Branco, very attentive to the contradictions of the liberal and capitalist State, demonstrated the constant debate between conservative forces and individual rights. From the point of view of the excluded, the Portuguese writer presents an overview of Liberalism in the Portugal of Regeneration, but always permeated by impressions, imaginations, and a lot of irony. When writing about the route of his escape to the interior of the country and about the period of his imprisonment in the Cadeia da Relação, in his Memoirs, Camilo also questions and discusses various literary representations of the Portuguese homeland and its people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Cup is a global event that gives vent to the expression of a series of geopolitical relations. This article aims at discussing the relationships between geopolitics and football from events of the 2018 World Cup related to the manifestation of nationalist and/or communitarian identities. The cases discussed were thematically grouped into the struggle for national (re)affirmation; (de)construction of communities; and the foreign: between us and them. We conclude that, despite its growing global character, football has been used as a vehicle for nationalist and communitarian manifestations precisely because it maintains a territorial logic based on the limits of nation-states, but also because it combines this logic with cultural hybridisms and multi-territorialities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO O ensaio se propõe a pensar os conflitos de tempos no Brasil contemporâneo a partir do diagnóstico de uma perda da evidência do horizonte moderno de futuro. Busca-se interrogar de que modo essa perda de evidência do horizonte de futuro como sincronizador social se revela tanto na implosão do tempo da Nova República, como na emergência do tempo planetário na história nacional, expresso pelos efeitos da mudança climática. Em ambas as dimensões, que agora se entrecruzam de maneira decisiva, a singularidade temporal da nação é profundamente colocada em questão.

For centuries France has lauded a republican tradition that defines national belonging in terms of civic and legal parity. Within this conception of nationhood, race and ethnicity are seen as extraneous and inconsequential in extending the French citizenship to non-nationals. However, a historical survey of the politics of citizenship both within France and in the overseas departments yields a more complex narrative, where race and racialization have been problematically tethered to the practices and the politics of national belonging and the extension of the French civic parity. In the context of the recent presidential race, defined by the remarkable rise and appeal of the far-right, critical discussions around race and the racial politics of nation and national belonging have gained renewed currency, as several candidates mobilized longstanding themes of immigration and the anti-social impact of non-European ethnic settlement on meanings of Frenchness and the French national identity. This study seeks to analyze the recent electoral debates in light of the ongoing critical discussion around race and immigration in France. The prominence of immigration as a rallying point in electoral campaigning is viewed as a rather older development that can be traced back to at least the public discourse surrounding North African settlement in the 1980s and 1990s. An essential feature of this discourse is that it rearticulates and encodes “race” in more subtle, politically correct cultural idioms, notably “nation” and “endangered national French identity.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our main objective is to discuss about the images of the region in the national scene, focusing on the perception of the fragmentation that stresses the regions and contributes to the superiority of one over the others. Our theoreticalmethodological perspective is based on the insurgent NE, cultural representations and political fragmentation. We will analyze the images of the Northeast in the nation, and the factors that contributed to the devalued view of other regions towards this territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

lia Rodrigues à representação da mulher na literatura brasileira" analisa a crítica literária de Amélia Rodrigues em relação à representação da mulher na literatura brasileira. A pesquisa examina as obras de escritoras brasileiras do século XIX e XX, como Clarice Lispector, Rachel de Queiroz e Carolina Maria de Jesus, e destaca a importância de uma perspectiva feminina na literatura. O texto discute as limitações e estereótipos impostos às mulheres na sociedade e como isso se reflete na literatura. Amélia Rodrigues argumenta que a representação da mulher na literatura deve ser mais diversa e realista, retratando as experiências e desafios enfrentados pelas mulheres brasileiras. A crítica literária também enfatiza a necessidade de dar voz às mulheres marginalizadas e explorar temas como maternidade, sexualidade e identidade feminina. O estudo conclui que a literatura brasileira precisa evoluir para incluir uma variedade de vozes femininas e representar de forma mais autêntica a experiência das mulheres no país. [Extracted from the article]

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O artigo faz uma homenagem à professora Eli Napoleão de Lima a partir de revisão de sua obra acadêmica que deixa um legado importante para os estudos do mundo rural brasileiro. As fontes para este debate serão capítulos de livros, artigos, trabalhos de orientados e orientandas e ementas das disciplinas ministradas pela professora Eli nas décadas de trabalho de formação, pesquisa, docência no CPDA/UFRRJ. O texto “vaivém” dentro de edição e seleção de três eixos temáticos. O primeiro trata da interdisciplinaridade e paixão na encruzilhada de história, ciências sociais e literatura a partir do tema do sertão e o “lugar” no imaginário de região/nação. Os estudos de Eli Napoleão de Lima analisaram a construção nacional, regionalismos e projetos de Estado, tendo foco a obra de Euclides da Cunha e sua influência durante século XX. Um segundo eixo é o de literatura e mundo rural como fonte de análise: “saber ler e saber perguntar como um texto funciona” foi o lema dos trabalhos de Eli Napoleão de Lima em um arco que vai de Euclides da Cunha até debates com autores como Graciliano Ramos e mesmo clássicos da literatura mundial. Um terceiro eixo trata de sua atividade docente: das orientações acadêmicas a intervenções feitas em eventos comemorativos do Programa de Pós-graduação de Ciências Sociais em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade e, principalmente, pela disciplina Raízes agrárias da formação social brasileira, que marcou gerações de alunos e alunas do CPDA.

Este artigo analisa a contribuição de Manuel de Oliveira Lima para a historiografia da Independência do Brasil a partir de um problema específico: como algumas de suas interpretações deram continuidade a outras anteriores já presentes na cultura de história brasileira de sua época e que, por meio de sua obra, puderam se perpetuar. As longas durações historiográficas assim constituídas na historiografia da Independência, com a decisiva contribuição do autor, são aqui observadas a partir de quatro questões, presentes em três de seus livros: o peso dos indivíduos na história, o problema do surgimento da nacionalidade brasileira, o chamado “Grito do Ipiranga”, e a Independência como uma espécie de “desquite amigável” entre Brasil e Portugal.

O Museu Nacional do Brasil comemorou seu segundo centenário em 2018, o mesmo ano em que teve a maior parte de sua sede e de seus acervos destruídos por um incêndio. A data precedia de quatro anos a comemoração do segundo centenário da independência do país, quando se deveria juntar, com destaque, às reflexões e festividades gerais suscitadas pela efeméride. No contexto da restauração do Palácio de São Cristóvão e da recomposição geral da instituição, intenso trabalho de reavaliação do sentido de seu tradicional caráter “nacional” e de sua responsabilidade como o mais antigo museu do país se impôs, ensejando uma tomada de consciência das mudanças no quadro social e cultural nacional geral, particularmente para um “museu de história natural” e de antropologia. O processo de discussão das novas instalações, das coleções e das futuras exposições constitui um processo estratégico nessa reavaliação – com implicações duradouras para o serviço da instituição à nação.

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Resumo Este artigo realiza observações sobre as guerras de independência do Brasil, ocorridas entre 1822 e 1824, no tocante a sua história e historiografia. O ponto central é um comentário ao livro de Hélio Franchini Neto, Independência e morte: política e guerra na emancipação do Brasil, de 2015, cujas ideias, méritos e problemas fornecem um bom pretexto para a discussão de um tema crucial para a história ibero-americana do século XIX.

Nos dias de hoje, escrever uma resenha superou o objetivo de sumariar uma obra, de modo a favorecer ao público um panorama do texto antes que este pudesse ser lido por inteiro ou mesmo em parte. Não faz tanto tempo, os livros eram, na maioria das vezes, encontrados nas bibliotecas ou comprados em livrarias. A circulação e disponibilização em suporte digital propiciou um fenômeno desejado desde sempre, o acesso universal a um texto, o que se tornou possível graças aos mecanismos de busca e indexação digitais que repercutiram, diretamente, não apenas no consumo de obras, mas também na prática da pesquisa acadêmica. Obviamente, a introdução que fazemos aqui não tem o interesse em promover o debate em torno dos prós e contras aos textos impressos ou digitais ou mesmo do papel das resenhas nos periódicos contemporâneos, mas de simplesmente justificar nosso ponto de partida diante da tarefa de resenhar a coletânea Independência e Instrução no Brasil. História, memória e formação (1822-1972) que, diante do exposto, pode ser entendido como um ponto de partida descompromissado, experimental. Ler um texto é capturar suas linhas de força e ao mesmo tempo ser atravessado por elas, de modo que pode haver uma sinergia (ou não) no encontro produzido entre o corpo leitor e o corpo lido do texto. A obra a que dedicamos esta resenha, sem dúvida, está entre aquelas que provocaram um bom encontro, para usar o termo spinozista , pois aumentou nossa potência e provocou a necessidade entre outras coisas, de propor uma forma de expressão sobre ela, que se materializa nas linhas desta resenha.

This article aims, firstly, to recover a part of the Narciso R. Colmán's poetic work that has never been republished, the folk songbook Ocara potÿ (1917, 1921), the first book of poems in Guarani published in Paraguay. Secondly, it provides a way of approaching the work starting from the analysis and relationship between literary procedures and representations on language, subjects, and nation from the point of view of Latin American Cultural Studies. In this sense we recover the background of this literature in Guarani and then we reflect on the construction of poetry as a space of crossing of the most spoken languages in Paraguay, Guarani, and Spanish, but also as a place in-between where representations about the community (peasant/urban) and national motifs are in tension. Our analysis reveals how this "folkloric" poetry transcends the costumbrista motif and articulates meanings that interact with the national myth from the edges of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Configurações is the property of Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Currently, theorists of historical sociology highlight education as an element of singular importance in the complex processes of modernization, diversely experienced in particular regional and national scenarios. Following this perspective, the object of analysis here is the movement to elaborate educational policies in the first half of the 1930s in Portugal and Brazil, taking it as an exponent of the modernizing dilemmas faced by such societies. Safeguarding their specificities and positionalities, it is observed that, in the course of the accentuated institutional reformulations that both nations experienced in such a historical environment - that is, discretionary period and constitutional reformulation -, collective ideas act in the configuration of projects of the Nation outlined in a critical dialogue between local realities and the challenges of building a modern identity. In this regard, the formulation of educational legislation appears invested with a peculiar heuristic value for understanding the competing social meanings that guided political actions in each of these national contexts. Such semantics are captured through the Content Analysis (CA) technique of the legislative acts of the Military Dictatorship recorded in the Government Gazettes of the Republic of Portugal in the period between 1926-1933 and documents related to the elaboration of the 1933 Constitution in Portugal, as well as the Annals of the National Constituent Assembly of 1933/34 in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the political thinking of the Brazilian Army, identifying, contextualizing, and questioning the presence of a conservative culturalist ideology in the analysis of Brazilian society. Discussions about the imagination, traditions and participation of the military in national history are resumed, demonstrating the existence of a mentality that interprets the Brazilian past and guides certain contemporary political behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Euclides da Cunha questioned the boundaries between civilization and barbarism, revealing how the so-called civilized society could be barbaric. However, the Euclidean analysis cannot detach itself from positions dictated by "civilization", which, based on "scientific" foundations, justified imperialist advances. Such orientation is largely due to the writer's training, who, at the Military School, had contact with this scientism and with a sense of "commitment to the nation". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduced into Cape Verde in the late 1970s, tapestry was nationalised by the drawings of the cartoons, now called "portraits of the people's day-to-day life". These images have been incorporated into other artifacts such as pictures with collages, turning handicrafts into a fertile field of analysis regarding the country's visual construction processes. Starting with a survey of the main lines and points of inflection of the evolution of tapestry in Europe that favoured its advent in Cape Verde, the present paper examines the drawings seen on the 46 tapestries and 282 pictures with collages exhibited in November 2019 in Mindelo's souvenir shops, putting forward a set of hypotheses resulting from a first attempt at articulating these images and the leading propositions about the Cape Verdian identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Um dos maiores artífices de uma narrativa histórica sobre o Brasil no século XIX, na obra de Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen o Império apareceu como herdeiro da civilização europeia e símbolo desta no continente americano. Membro do corpo diplomático imperial, escreveu sobre seu país de nascimento com os pés na Europa, onde permaneceu quase a vida inteira, e os olhos na América. O artigo discutiu como esses temas foram tratados na obra varnhageniana e de outros letrados como Januário da Cunha Barbosa e Gonçalves de Magalhães, enfocando a história e a literatura como instrumentos de construção da nação brasileira.

O artigo versa sobre a contribuição do conceito de cultura brasileira de Fernando de Azevedo para a ideia de Brasil-nação no século XX, e para as teorias organizacionais. A interlocução com a obra deste autor se justifica por ser um intérprete oficial do conceito de cultura no país, desde a década de 1930, e também um significativo construtor institucional. A artesania intelectual aqui proposta contempla uma revisão bibliográfica que articula as produções de Azevedo e a literatura especializada sobre cultura brasileira e cultura organizacional. Como resultado, destaca-se que a noção de cultura legada por este autor permanece como uma referência importante para pensar o Brasil, possibilitando dentro e fora das organizações, a criação de um retrato multifacetado, provisório e flexível da sociedade brasileira. Ressalta-se ainda que, no século XXI, sua definição de cultura brasileira ainda orienta, implícita ou explicitamente, alguns teóricos que se dedicam a olhar para o contexto organizacional do Brasil, demonstrando como as culturas nacionais influenciam nos estilos administrativos.

RESUMO John Dube (1871-1946) consiste numa figura central da história e memória sul-africana contemporânea. Há pelo menos duas tendências significativas entre aqueles que, entre final do século XIX e início do século XXI, o têm tomado como sujeito e objeto de interesse. De um lado, numa perspectiva dominante nos tempos do Apartheid (1948-1994), há aqueles que identificam Dube como colaborador da implementação desse regime segregacionista. De outro lado, a exemplo do que ocorre no contexto de construção da Nação Arco-Íris, há aqueles que o vêem como personagem central, como um herói das lutas contra a segregação racial. Uma profusão de dispositivos tem sido empregada para produzir, atualizar ou questionar o legado de Dube: sua existência assume uma dimensão pública, sendo objeto de diferentes estratégias e tramas de competição política e batalhas pela memória da nação sul-africana.

Introduction: Interpretations from Brazil identify a thematic set of studies and scholars about the country as, territory, nation and formation and national identity, which emerged throughout the nineteenth century. Geography in its trajectory as a modern science has developed important interpretations of Brazil. Objective: The purpose of this article is to bring to the debate studies developed by Brazilian geographic science about Brazil, in order to demonstrate how this science studied the country, as a totality and, also, to reflect on the country from this optic. At the heart of the debate, we raise the question about the ability of Geography to offer interpretations of Brazil. How been, historically, associated with the Government, with intervention processes and territorial planning, and dedicated to the studies of the present time, would be the Geography able to offer interpretations of Brazil or would it be more structured to offer descriptions and explanations of the country or part of it? Methods: Based on surveys and bibliographic and documental analyses, to outline an answer, we discuss the expression "interpretations", and a set of works called "Interpretations of Brazil" and "Brazilian Social Thought". Starting from the contextualization of these ideas about Brazil, we first visited themes, debates and thinkers of the national project, and then we arrived at the interpretations and interpreters of the country. Finally, we focus on Brazilian geography and its country studies, presenting geographers who thought about Brazil, and their main interpretations of the country. Results: 17 scholars of Brazilian geography were highlighted, graduated before and after the constitution of the scientific field of Brazilian geography, with their respective legacies and most important contributions to the interpretation of the country and the intervention of its territory. Conclusion: Geography elaborated valuable studies and interpretations about the country, in essayistic and descriptive formats. After the second half of the 20th century, due to the expansion of scientific protocols, descriptive and explanatory interpretations became dominant in Brazil. This phenomenon can also be observed in other areas of the human sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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