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Abstract Background This study aimed to identify the prognostic value of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT (I-PET) for germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively. Methods Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT (B-PET) and I-PET scans were performed in 112 patients with DLBCL. The prognostic value of I-PET using the Deauville five-point scale (D-5PS) criteria or percentage decrease in SUVmax (∆SUVmax) for GCB and non-GCB DLBCL were evaluated. Results A significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) was found between GCB and non-GCB DLBCL patients (P 3) and negative (score ≤ 3) subgroups. Results indicated that I-PET using D-5PS criteria was an independent predictor for PFS of GCB DLBCL (P 0.05). For non-GCB DLBCL, PFS and OS were significantly higher in I-PET negative group than I-PET positive group (P 0.05). Based on the optimal threshold found by ROC curve analysis, patients were dichotomized into ∆SUVmax high and low groups. Log-rank test and Cox regression demonstrated that the layered ∆SUVmax was predictive of PFS and OS in non-GCB DLBCL (P

Abstract Alteration or abnormal activation of RTKs have been recurrently observed and recognized as an important driving factor in the progression of many human cancers. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated necrosis triggered by the accumulation of lethal lipid peroxides on cell membranes, has been implicated in various tumor types. Here we reported that oncogenic RTKs/RAS/RAF/c-Myc axis promotes cancer cells to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, c-Myc binds to the promoter region of ACSL4 and promotes the expression of ACSL4, thereby sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. We further showed that RTKs/RAS/RAF promote ferroptosis by upregulating c-Myc mediated expression of ACSL4 in cancer cells. Notably, overexpression of RTKs enhances the vulnerability of melanoma to the ferroptosis inducer in mouse xenograft model. These findings may provide an attractive intervention strategy to target cancers with oncogenic activation of RTKs via a ferroptosis-inducing approach.

Abstract Radionuclide therapy (RT) is widely used to advanced local cancers. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited to the radiation resistance of cancer cells. Combination therapy aims to circumvent tumor resistance, and the combination of RT with photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy (CMT), and immunotherapy has shown promising treatment outcomes. Nanotechnology holds promise in advancing combination therapy by integrating multiple therapies on a nanostructure platform. This is due to the increased surface area, passive/active targeting capabilities, high payload capacity, and enriched surface of nanomedicines, offering significant advantages in treatment sensitivity and specificity. In the first part of this review, we categorize radionuclide therapy. The second part summarizes the latest developments in combination therapies, specifically focusing on the integration of RT with PTT, PDT, CMT and immunotherapy. The last part provides an overview of the challenges and potential opportunities related to radionuclide-labelled nanoparticles for cancer combination therapy. Graphical Abstract

Abstract To improve the portability of dried pork tendons for consumption, this study investigated the effects of different puffing temperatures (190 °C - 250 °C) and times (1-7 min) on the quality and flavor of pork tendons. As the temperature and time increased, the expansion ratio of pork tendons exhibited a gradual increase. The microstructure of the puffed pork tendons exhibited a uniform porous structure at 230 °C and 250 °C for 6 min. However, further puffing treatment destroyed the spatial structure. GC-IMS identified 68 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and a total of 16 key VOCs including 2-trans-4-trans-decadienal were screened by GC-MS. Nonanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-amylfuran and 2-ethylfuran proved to have a significant effect on the flavor of the puffed pork tendon. The combined puffing performance and flavor analysis revealed that puffing at 230 °C for 6 min was the preferred parameter for puffed pork tendons.

Abstract Bound states in the continuum (BICs), referring to spatially localized bound states with energies falling within the range of extended modes, have been extensively investigated in single-particle systems, leading to diverse applications in photonics, acoustics, and other classical-wave systems. Recently, there has been theoretical interest in exploring many-body BICs in interacting quantum systems, which necessitate the careful design of impurity potentials or spatial profiles of interaction. Here, we propose a type of many-body BICs localized at boundaries, which can be purely induced by the uniform onsite interaction without requiring any specific design of impurity potential or nonlocal interaction. We numerically show that three or more interacting bosons can concentrate on the boundary of a homogeneous one-dimensional lattice, which is absent at single- and two-particle counterparts. Moreover, the eigenenergy of multi-boson bound states can embed within the continuous energy spectra of extended scattering states, thereby giving rise to interaction-induced boundary many-body BICs. Furthermore, by mapping Fock states of three and four bosons to nonlinear circuit networks, we experimentally simulate boundary many-body BICs. Our findings enrich the comprehension of correlated BICs beyond the single-particle level, and have the potential to inspire future investigations on exploring many-body BICs.

Abstract The decrease in sperm count and infertility is a global issue that remains unresolved. By screening environmental bacterial isolates, we have found that a novel lactic acid bacterium, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SNI3, increased testis size, testosterone levels, sperm count, sexual activity and fertility in mice that have consumed the bacteria for four weeks. The abundance of L. plantarum in the colon microbiome was positively associated with sperm count. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from L. plantarum SNI3-dosed mice improved testicular functions in microbiome-attenuated recipient animals. To identify mediators that confer pro-reproductive effects on the host, untargeted in situ mass spectrometry metabolomics was performed on testis samples of L. plantarum SNI3-treated and control mice. Enrichment pathway analysis revealed several perturbed metabolic pathways in the testis of treated mice. Within the testis, a dipeptide, glutamyl-glutamate (GluGlu) was the most upregulated metabolite following L. plantarum SNI3 administration. To validate the pro-reproductive feature of GluGlu, systemic and local injections of the dipeptide have been performed. γ-GluGlu increased sperm count but had no effect on testosterone. These findings highlight the role of γ-GluGlu in mediating spermatogenetic effects of L. plantarum on the male mouse host and –following relevant human clinical trials- may provide future tools for treating certain forms of male infertility.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore autoantibody clusters and their correlations with clinical features in 644 myasthenia gravis (MG) patients.MethodsMedical records of 664 MG patients were reviewed. Five autoantibodies (AChR, MuSK, titin, RyR, and LRP4) were selected for cluster analysis. The various clinical manifestations were compared between clusters. Separate association analyses between individual autoantibodies and clinical manifestations as well as among different MGFA subtypes were also performed without prior clustering.ResultsTwo separate autoantibody clusters were identified, with significantly different clinical manifestations. Cluster 1 (485 patients) was characterized by higher proportions of RyR-, titin-, and AChR-, while cluster 2 (179 patients) had higher proportions of RyR+, titin+, and AChR+. Cluster 2 patients were older and had elevated QMG scores and odds of complications, particularly hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and eye conditions. Individual antibody analysis revealed that male cases were more likely to be AChR+ and titin+, and older age was associated with AChR+, RyR+, and titin+. Among MGFA subtypes, significant differences were detected in AChR, MuSK, titin, complications, thymoma, and hypertension. As MG severity increased from types I to V, AChR+, RyR+, and titin+ proportions peaked at stage IIa. MuSK+ patients were relatively rare and mostly present in the subtype b group. Type b patients had higher MuSK+ prevalence and increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease incidence rates than type a cases.ConclusionOverall, cluster 2 features were less favorable to patients. This study provides valuable insights into the clinical and autoantibody profiles of Chinese MG patients.

Serum urate (SU) levels are significantly elevated in conditions such as gout, type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and other metabolic syndromes. Recently, due to the high prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA), numerous clinical connections between SU and musculoskeletal disorders like sarcopenia, osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), and osteoporosis (OP) have been identified. This review discusses the mechanisms linking SU to musculoskeletal disorders, as well as the clinical associations of SU with conditions such as sarcopenia, T2D with sarcopenia, McArdle disease, heart failure, gout, OA, IDD, OP and exercise-induced acute kidney injury (EIAKI), offering valuable insights for improved prevention and treatment strategies. Mechanisms linking SU to musculoskeletal disorders include oxidative stress, MSU (monosodium urate) crystal deposition, inflammation, and other factors. In adults, both age and SU levels should be considered for preventing sarcopenia, while gender and SU may directly impact muscle mass in children and adolescents. HUA and gout may be risk factors for OA progression, although some reports suggest otherwise. A U-shaped relationship between SU and IDD has been reported, particularly in Chinese men, indicating lower or higher SU level may be risk factors for IDD. Maintaining SU levels within a certain range may help prevent OP and fractures. Future research, including epidemiological studies and new pathogenesis findings, will further clarify the relationship between musculoskeletal diseases and SU.

N-doped titanium dioxide (TiO[Formula: see text] hollow nanospheres with abundant oxygen vacancies were successfully synthesized by coupling urea treatment and annealing in an N2 atmosphere. The pristine TiO2 hollow nanospheres exhibit a shallow donor level for electron trapping, while the urea treatment generates a N 2p acceptor level for hole trapping. After annealing in N2, the sufficient N atoms generate abundant oxygen vacancies for trapping electrons, resulting in further improved charge separation efficiency. The N-doped TiO2 exhibits the highest H2 evolution rate, reaching 2867[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]h[Formula: see text], which is six times higher than that of pristine TiO2 hollow nanospheres. The introduction of oxygen vacancies by interstitial N provides a promising way to improve the photocatalysis activity of photocatalysts.

Lung cancer is a highly prevalent and fatal cancer that seriously threatens the safety of people in various regions around the world. Difficulty in early diagnosis and strong drug resistance have always been difficulties in the treatment of lung cancer, so the prognosis of lung cancer has always been the focus of scientific researchers. This study used genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) databases to obtain 477 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and 347 healthy individuals’ samples as research subjects and divided LUAD patients into low-risk and high-risk groups based on prognostic risk scores. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was performed on 25 pyroptosis-related genes obtained from GeneCards and MSigDB databases in cancer tissues of LUAD patients and noncancerous tissues of healthy individuals, and seven genes were significantly different in cancer tissues and noncancerous tissues among them. Coexpression analysis and differential expression analysis of these genes and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) found that three lncRNAs (AC012615.1, AC099850.3, and AO0001453.2) had significant differences in expression between cancer tissues and noncancerous tissues. We used Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage sum selection operator (LASSO) regression to construct a prognostic model for LUAD patients with these three pyroptosis-related lncRNAs (pRLs) and analyzed the prognostic value of the pRLs model by the Likaplan–Meier curve and Cox regression. The results show that the risk prediction model has good prediction ability. In addition, we also studied the differences in tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor immune dysfunction and rejection (TIDE), and immune microenvironment with pRLs risk scores in low-risk and high-risk groups. This study successfully established a LUAD prognostic model based on pRLs, which provides new insights into lncRNA-based LUAD diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Plant height is a critical agronomic that affects both plant architecture and yield. To decipher the genetic mechanisms underlying winter wheat plant height and identify candidate genes associated with this trait, we conducted phenotypic analysis on 239 wheat varieties (lines) collected from around the world. This analysis was complemented by genotyping using the wheat 55K SNP chip. A Wholegenome association analysis (GWAS) of wheat plant height was conducted utilizing the MLM (Q+K) model within TASSLE software. The results revealed significant phenotypic variation in wheat plant height across different years, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.96% to 1.97%. Additionally, there was a strong correlation in plant height measurements between different years. GWAS identified 44 SNP markers significantly associated with wheat plant height across various environments (P ≤ 0.00001), predominantly distributed on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4B, 6B, 6D, and 7D, explaining individual phenotypic variance rates ranging from 5.00% to 11.11%. Further, by mining association loci with substantial phenotypic effects and stability across multiple environments, seven candidate genes related to wheat plant height have been identified. This study provides new genetic markers and resources for improving wheat plant height.

Abstract Macrocycles are key tools for molecular recognition and self‐assembly. However, traditionally prevalent macrocyclic compounds exhibit specific cavities with diameters usually less than 1 nm, limiting their range of applications in supramolecular chemistry. The efficient synthesis of giant macrocycles remains a significant challenge because an increase in the monomer number results in cyclization‐entropy loss. In this study, we developed a low‐entropy‐penalty synthesis strategy for producing giant macrocycles in high yields. In this process, long and rigid monomers possessing two reaction modules were condensed with paraformaldehyde via Friedel–Crafts reaction. A series of giant macrocycles with cavities of sizes ranging from 2.0 to 4.7 nm were successfully synthesized with cyclization yields of up to 72%. Experimental results and theoretical calculations revealed that extending the monomer length rather than increasing the monomer numbers could notably reduce the cyclization‐entropy penalty and avoid configuration twists, thereby favoring the formation of giant macrocycles with large cavities. Significantly, the excellent self‐assembly capacity of these giant macrocycles promoted their assembly into organogels. The xerogels exhibited enhanced photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of up to 83.1%. Mechanism investigation revealed the excellent assembly capacity originated from the abundant π–π interactions sites of the giant macrocycles. The outstanding emission enhancement resulted from the restricted nonradiative decay processes of rotation/vibration and improved radiative decay process of fluorescence. This study provides an effective and general method for achieving giant macrocycles, thereby expanding the supramolecular toolbox for host–guest chemistry and assembly applications. Moreover, the intriguing assembly and photophysical properties demonstrate the feasibility of developing novel and unique properties by expanding the macrocycle size.

BackgroundAdvanced cardiac life support (ACLS) skills are essential for nurses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, augmented reality (AR) technologies were incorporated into medical education to increase learning motivation and accessibility. ObjectiveThis study aims to determine whether AR for educational applications can significantly improve crash cart learning, learning motivation, cognitive load, and system usability. It focused on a subgroup of nurses with less than 2 years of experience. MethodsThis randomized controlled trial study was conducted in a medical center in southern Taiwan. An ACLS cart training course was developed using AR technologies in the first stage. Additionally, the efficacy of the developed ACLS training course was evaluated. The AR group used a crash cart learning system developed with AR technology, while the control group received traditional lecture-based instruction. Both groups were evaluated immediately after the course. Performance was assessed through learning outcomes related to overall ACLS and crash cart use. The Instructional Materials Motivation Survey, System Usability Scale, and Cognitive Load Theory Questionnaire were also used to assess secondary outcomes in the AR group. Subgroup analyses were performed for nurses with less than 2 years of experience. ResultsAll 102 nurses completed the course, with 43 nurses in the AR group and 59 nurses in the control group. The AR group outperformed the control group regarding overall ACLS outcomes and crash cart learning outcomes (P=.002; P=.01). The improvement rate was the largest for new staff regardless of the overall learning effect and the crash cart effect. Subgroup analysis revealed that nurses with less than 2 years of experience in the AR group showed more significant improvements in both overall learning (P

Abstract Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen, and also one of the common pathogenic bacteria causing mink pneumonia. The aim of this study was to get a better understanding of the whole-genome of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with K2 serotype in China. This study for the first time to analyze Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, resistance and virulence genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae in mink. Results The isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae with serotype K2 and ST6189 by PCR method. The string test was positive and showed high mucus phenotype. There was one plasmid with IncFIB replicons in the genome. The virulence factors including capsule, lipopolysaccharide, adhesin, iron uptake system, urease, secretory system, regulatory gene (rcsA, rcsB), determinants of pili adhesion, enolase and magnesium ion absorption related genes. The strain was multi-drug resistant. A total of 26 resistance genes, including beta-lactam, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, amide alcohols, macrolides, rifampicin, fosfomycin, vancomycin, diaminopyrimidines and polymyxin. Multidrug-resistant efflux protein AcrA, AcrB, TolC, were predicted in the strain. Conclusion It was the first to identify that serotype K2 K. pneumonia with ST6189 isolated from mink in China. The finding indicated that hypervirulent and multi-drug resistant K. pneumoniae was exist in Chinese mink. The whole-genome of K. pneumoniae isolates have importance in mink farming practice.

Abstract Polysaccharides are widely used as quality improvers for meat products. However, the mechanisms of how different ionic polysaccharides regulate the gelling properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) are still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the contribution of different ionic polysaccharides to MP gelation and its mechanism. The enhancement of hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction, and disulfide bond between carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC‐Na, anionic polysaccharide) and MP made them bind tightly, which contributes to the improvement of gel strength, water‐holding capacity, and viscoelasticity. Konjac glucomannan (neutral polysaccharide) mainly relied on physical filling to support the gel network and improve the gel characteristics. The electrostatic attraction between cationic polysaccharides and MP enhanced the binding between them. However, due to the large structure of chitosan (cationic polysaccharide) sugar chain, it can only attach to the surface of protein, which limits the interaction between them. These findings will provide guidance for the application of polysaccharides as food quality improvers or fat substitutes and the design of new low‐fat restructured meat products.

Abstract Background Acinetobacter lwoffii (A. lwoffii) is a Gram-negative bacteria common in the environment, and it is the normal flora in human respiratory and digestive tracts. The bacteria is a zoonotic and opportunistic pathogen that causes various infections, including nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to identify A. lwoffii strains isolated from bovine milk with subclinical mastitis in China and get a better understanding of its antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance profile. This is the first study to analyze the drug resistance spectrum and corresponding mechanisms of A. lwoffii isolated in raw milk. Results Four A. lwoffii strains were isolated by PCR method. Genetic evolution analysis using the neighbor-joining method showed that the four strains had a high homology with Acinetobacter lwoffii. The strains were resistant to several antibiotics and carried 17 drug-resistance genes across them. Specifically, among 23 antibiotics, the strains were completely susceptible to 6 antibiotics, including doxycycline, erythromycin, polymyxin, clindamycin, imipenem, and meropenem. In addition, the strains showed variable resistance patterns. A total of 17 resistance genes, including plasmid-mediated resistance genes, were detected across the four strains. These genes mediated resistance to 5 classes of antimicrobials, including beta-lactam, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol. Conclusion These findings indicated that multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter lwoffii strains exist in raw milk of bovine with subclinical mastitis. Acinetobacter lwoffii are widespread in natural environmental samples, including water, soil, bathtub, soap box, skin, pharynx, conjunctiva, saliva, gastrointestinal tract, and vaginal secretions. The strains carry resistance genes in mobile genetic elements to enhance the spread of these genes. Therefore, more attention should be paid to epidemiological surveillance and drug resistant A. lwoffii.

Objective: Cancer survivors have an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). We introduce CAD polygenic risk scores (PRS) and examine associations with cancer status on CAD outcomes. Methods: From the UK Biobank, we identified cancer survivors and CAD outcomes among 464,193 CAD-free participants using linked cancer registries, hospitalizations, and death records. CAD-PRS was categorized as low (lowest tertile), intermediate (tertile 2), and high (highest tertile). Adjusted Cox models assessed the joint and interaction effects of cancer status and CAD-PRS on CAD outcomes. Results: Over the follow-up (median 11.7 years), 36,332 participants developed CAD. Compared to low CAD-PRS, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CAD was 1.35 (1.31–1.38) for intermediate and 1.86 (1.81–1.91) for high CAD-PRS. The HR (95% CI) for CAD in cancer survivors was 1.16 (1.13–1.19) compared to those without cancer. In the joint effect analysis, compared to participants with low CAD-PRS and no cancer, the HRs (95% CIs) for CAD were 1.37 (1.32–1.41) and 1.90 (1.84–1.96) for intermediate and high CAD-PRS without cancer, respectively. For those with cancer, the HRs (95% CIs) were 1.26 (1.19–1.33), 1.59 (1.51–1.67), and 2.13 (2.03–2.23) for low, intermediate, and high CAD-PRS, respectively. A significant multiplicative interaction (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91–0.98) was observed between CAD-PRS and cancer status on CAD. Additionally, a significant additive interaction between cancer and high CAD-PRS was found for fatal CAD. Conclusion: Cancer was associated with a higher risk of CAD and may further increase the risk of CAD related to genetic factors.

Background: Endoscopy is important for the diagnosis and treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB), especially acute variceal bleeding (AVB), in liver cirrhosis. However, the optimal timing of endoscopy remains controversial, primarily because the currently available evidence is of poor quality, and the definition of early endoscopy is also very heterogeneous among studies. Herein, a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) is performed to explore the impact of the timing of endoscopy on the outcomes of cirrhotic patients with AVB. Methods: A total of 368 cirrhotic patients presenting with AUGIB who are highly suspected to be from AVB will be enrolled. They will be stratified according to the severity of liver function and clinical presentation at admission and then randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio into early (within 12 h after admission) and delayed (within 12–24 h after admission) endoscopy groups within each stratum. The primary outcomes include the rates of 5-day failure to control bleeding after admission and 6-week rebleeding. The secondary outcomes include 6-week mortality and incidence of adverse events. Conclusion: Considering existing evidence originates from non-randomized studies, this RCT will provide high-quality evidence to uncover whether cirrhotic patients with AVB should undergo early endoscopy to control bleeding and improve survival. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06031402.

IntroductionPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important pathogen that causes diarrhea in nursery and fattening pigs, resulting in huge economic losses for commercial pig farms. Protective efficacy of vaccines is compromised by mutations in pathogens. There is an urgent need to articulate the mechanism by which PCV2 destroys the host’s intestinal mucosal barrier and to find effective therapeutic drugs. Increasing attention has been paid to the natural antiviral compounds extracted from traditional Chinese medicines. In the present study, we investigated the role of Matrine in mitigating PCV2-induced intestinal damage and enhancing autophagy as a potential therapeutic strategy in mice.MethodsA total of 40 female, specific-pathogen-free-grade Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group: control, PCV2 infection, Matrine treatment (40 mg/kg Matrine), and Ribavirin treatment (40 mg/kg Ribavirin). Except for the control group, all mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mL 105.4 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/mL PCV2.ResultsWhile attenuating PCV2-induced downregulation of ZO-1 and occludin and restoring intestinal barrier function in a PCV2 Kunming mouse model, treatment with Matrine (40 mg/kg) attenuated ultrastructural damage and improved intestinal morphology. Mechanistically, Matrine reversed PCV2-induced autophagosome accumulation by inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and upregulating Beclin1 protein expression, thus resisting viral hijacking of enterocyte autophagy.DiscussionOur findings demonstrate that Matrine may be a novel, potential antiviral agent against PCV2 by activating intestine cellular autophagy, which provides a new strategy for host-directed drug discovery.

Abstract We aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus cereus YB1 on the growth, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, liver antioxidant enzyme activity, and intestinal tissue structure of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). A 50‐day feeding experiment was conducted. Feeding was conducted in four diet groups: control group with no YB1 supplement in diet and three treatment groups E‐L, E‐M, and E‐H containing 105, 106, and 107 CFU/g YB1, respectively. The results revealed that the weight gain and specific growth rate of juvenile fish significantly increased, while the feed coefficient was reduced in all three diet treatment groups. This indicated that the growth of black rockfish was significantly and positively affected by YB1 feeding. Enzyme activity in the intestinal tract was not significantly affected by YB1. However, the activity of protease, amylase, and lipase increased because of YB1 treatment, except for the proteases in the E‐M diet group. Meanwhile, no significant differences were recorded in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in liver, but the level of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activities in treatments shows a better performance compared with the control in overall perspective. Furthermore, the structural features of the intestine (i.e., number of intestinal villi, length of gut villi, and thickness of muscularis) was significantly elevated with the inclusion of B. cereus YB1 in the diet. These results reveal that dietary supplementation of B. cereus YB1 is beneficial to the boosting of enzymatic activities and structure of intestinal tissue as well as the antioxidative ability of liver tissue. Such findings suggest that fish growth would be improved under YB1 feeding conditions.

ABSTRACT Background Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a complex genetic systemic connective tissue disorder. It is well known that genetic factors play a critical role in the progression of MFS, with nearly all cases attributed to variants in the FBN1 gene. Methods We investigated a Chinese family with MFS spanning two generations. Whole exome sequencing, in silico analysis, minigene constructs, transfection, RT‐PCR, and protein secondary structure analysis were used to analyze the genotype of the proband and his father. Results The main clinical manifestations of the proband and his father were subluxation of the left lens and high myopia with pectus deformity. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel single nucleotide variant (SNV) in the FBN1 gene at a non‐canonical splice site, c.443‐3C>G. This variant resulted in two abnormal mRNA transcripts, leading to a frameshift and an in‐frame insertion. Further in vitro experiments indicated that the c.443‐3C>G variant in FBN1 was pathogenic and functionally harmful. Conclusion This research identified a novel intronic pathogenic FBN1: c.443‐3C>G gene variant, which led to two different aberrant splicing effects. Further functional analysis expands the variant spectrum and provides a strong indication and sufficient basis for preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease (PGT‐M).

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major opportunistic pathogen that is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella pneumoniae causes pneumonia in mink and has become the primary infectious disease that limits mink farming. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain of K. pneumoniae that harbours the mcr-1 gene isolated from a mink in China. Methods: The agar microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of the strain. The entire genomic DNA was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. A multilocus sequence type (MLST) and a core genome SNP phylogenetic tree analysis with a heatmap of the resistance genes and virulence genes were performed. Results: The size of the genome was 5451.826 kb, and it included one chromosome and one plasmid. The draft genome of K. pneumoniae indicated that the isolate was a member of MLST 661. Four types of virulence genes were detected. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed multiple drug resistance, and 17 resistance genes were identified. Conclusion: The genome sequence reported in this study will help to reveal the key role of antibiotic resistance and pathogenic mechanisms. It will provide useful information for the role of mobile genetic elements in the adaptive translocation and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Abstract The need for tumor postoperative treatments aimed at recurrence prevention and tissue regeneration have raised wide considerations in the context of the design and functionalization of implants. Herein, an injectable hydrogel system encapsulated with anti-tumor, anti-oxidant dual functional nanoparticles has been developed in order to prevent tumor relapse after surgery and promote wound repair. The utilization of biocompatible gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was geared towards localized therapeutic intervention. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@ceric oxide (ZIF-8@CeO2, ZC) nanoparticles (NPs) were purposefully devised for their proficiency as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. Furthermore, injectable GelMA hydrogels loaded with ZC NPs carrying doxorubicin (ZC-DOX@GEL) were tailored as multifunctional postoperative implants, ensuring the efficacious eradication of residual tumor cells and alleviation of oxidative stress. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to substantiate the efficacy in cancer cell elimination and the prevention of tumor recurrence through the synergistic chemotherapy approach employed with ZC-DOX@GEL. The acceleration of tissue regeneration and in vitro ROS scavenging attributes of ZC@GEL were corroborated using rat models of wound healing. The results underscore the potential of the multifaceted hydrogels presented herein for their promising application in tumor postoperative treatments.

Abstract Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous malignancy that remains a significant challenge in clinical management due to frequent treatment failures and pronounced therapy resistance. While metabolic dysregulation appears to be a critical factor in this scenario, comprehensive analyses of the metabolic HNSCC landscape and its impact on clinical outcomes are lacking. This study utilized transcriptomic data from four independent clinical cohorts to investigate metabolic heterogeneity in HNSCC and define metabolic pathway-based subtypes (MPS). In HPV-negative HNSCCs, MPS1 and MPS2 were identified, while MPS3 was enriched in HPV-positive cases. MPS classification was associated with clinical outcome post adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy, with MPS1 consistently exhibiting the highest risk of therapeutic failure. MPS1 was uniquely characterized by upregulation of glycan (particularly chondroitin/dermatan sulfate) metabolism genes. Immunohistochemistry and pilot mass spectrometry imaging analyses confirmed this at metabolite level. The histological context and single-cell RNA sequencing data identified the malignant cells as key contributors. Globally, MPS1 was distinguished by a unique transcriptomic landscape associated with increased disease aggressiveness, featuring motifs related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune signaling, cancer stemness, tumor microenvironment assembly, and oncogenic signaling. This translated into a distinct histological appearance marked by extensive extracellular matrix remodeling, abundant spindle-shaped cancer-associated fibroblasts, and intimately intertwined populations of malignant and stromal cells. Proof-of-concept data from orthotopic xenotransplants replicated the MPS phenotypes on the histological and transcriptome levels. In summary, this study introduces a metabolic pathway-based classification of HNSCC, pinpointing glycan metabolism-enriched MPS1 as the most challenging subgroup that necessitates alternative therapeutic strategies.

Abstract Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on intracellular Fenton reaction to produce highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) has played an essential role in tumor therapy. However, this therapy still needs to be improved by weakly acidic pH and over-expression of glutathione (GSH) in tumor microenvironment (TEM), which hinders its future application. Herein, we reported a multifunctional bimetallic composite nanoparticle MnO2@GA-Fe@CAI based on a metal polyphenol network (MPN) structure, which could reduce intracellular pH and endogenous GSH by remodeling tumor microenvironment to improve Fenton activity. MnO2 nanoparticles were prepared first and MnO2@GA-Fe nanoparticles with Fe3+ as central ion and gallic acid (GA) as surface ligands were prepared by the chelation reaction. Then, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) was coupled with GA to form MnO2@GA-Fe@CAI. The properties of the bimetallic composite nanoparticles were studied, and the results showed that CAI could reduce intracellular pH. At the same time, MnO2 could deplete intracellular GSH and produce Mn2+ via redox reactions, which re-established the TME with low pH and GSH. In addition, GA reduced Fe3+ to Fe2+. Mn2+ and Fe2+ catalyzed the endogenous H2O2 to produce high-lever ROS to kill tumor cells. Compared with MnO2, MnO2@GA-Fe@CAI could reduce the tumor weight and volume for the xenograft MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice and the final tumor inhibition rate of 58.09 ± 5.77%, showing the improved therapeutic effect as well as the biological safety. Therefore, this study achieved the high-efficiency CDT effect catalyzed by bimetallic through reshaping the tumor microenvironment. Graphical Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the T-lymphocyte subset distribution and the diagnostic and prognosis value of double-negative T (DNT) cells in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: This retrospective study compared the T-lymphocyte subsets and DNT of 114 patients with CRC with those of 107 healthy controls (HC). The diagnostic potential of DNT and T-lymphocyte subsets was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and prognostic values were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier curve and the Cox regression model. Results: The percentages of CD8+ T cells and DNT cells, and value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), were remarkably higher in patients with CRC than in those with HC, but the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was decreased. Using ROC curve analysis, DNT cell percentage, CEA, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio all had good diagnostic efficacy, with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.865, 0.786 and 0.624, respectively. The combination of DNT cell percentage and CEA had an AUC of 0.905, which was significantly higher than that of any single biomarker (p

Rapidly obtaining the chlorophyll content of crop leaves is of great significance for timely diagnosis of crop health and effective field management. Multispectral imagery obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is being used to remotely sense the SPAD (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development) values of wheat crops. However, existing research has not yet fully considered the impact of different growth stages and crop populations on the accuracy of SPAD estimation. In this study, 300 materials from winter wheat natural populations in Xinjiang, collected between 2020 to 2022, were analyzed. UAV multispectral images were obtained in the experimental area, and vegetation indices were extracted to analyze the correlation between the selected vegetation indices and SPAD values. The input variables for the model were screened, and a support vector machine (SVM) model was constructed to estimate SPAD values during the heading, flowering, and filling stages under different water stresses. The aim was to provide a method for the rapid acquisition of winter wheat SPAD values. The results showed that the SPAD values under normal irrigation were higher than those under water restriction. Multiple vegetation indices were significantly correlated with SPAD values. In the prediction model construction of SPAD, the different models had high estimation accuracy under both normal irrigation and water limitation treatments, with correlation coefficients of predicted and measured values under normal irrigation in different environments the value of r from 0.59 to 0.81 and RMSE from 2.15 to 11.64, compared to RE from 0.10% to 1.00%; and under drought stress in different environments, correlation coefficients of predicted and measured values of r was 0.69–0.79, RMSE was 2.30–12.94, and RE was 0.10%–1.30%. This study demonstrated that the optimal combination of feature selection methods and machine learning algorithms can lead to a more accurate estimation of winter wheat SPAD values. In summary, the SVM model based on UAV multispectral images can rapidly and accurately estimate winter wheat SPAD value.

Background: The antioxidant enzyme GPX3 is a selenoprotein that transports selenium in blood and maintains its levels in peripheral tissues. Aberrant GPX3 expression is strongly linked to the development of some tumors. However, there is a scarcity of studies examining the pan-cancer expression patterns and prognostic relevance of GPX3. Methods: GPX3 expression levels in normal tissues and multiple tumors were analyzed using TCGA, CCLE, GTEx, UALCAN and HPA databases. Forest plots and KM survival curves were utilized to evaluate the correlation between GPX3 expression and the outcome of tumor patients. The prognostic value of GPX3 in LGG was assessed utilizing the CGGA datasets, and that in STAD was tested by TCGA and GEO databases. A nomogram was then constructed to predict OS in STAD using R software. Additionally, the impact of GPX3 on post-chemoradiotherapy OS in patients with LGG and STAD was evaluated using the KM method. The multiplicative interaction of GPX3 expression, chemotherapy and radiotherapy on STAD and LGG was analyzed using logistic regression models. The correlation of GPX3 with the immune infiltration, immune neoantigens and MMR genes were investigated in TCGA cohort. Results: GPX3 exhibited downregulation across 21 tumor types, including STAD, with its decreased expression significantly associated with improved OS, DFS, PFS and DSS. Conversely, in LGG, low levels of GPX3 expression were indicative of a poorer prognosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox models further identified GPX3 as an independent predictor of STAD, and a nomogram based on GPX3 expression and other independent factors showed high level of predictive accuracy. Moreover, low GPX3 expression and chemotherapy prolonged the survival of STAD. In LGG patients, chemoradiotherapy, GPX3 and chemotherapy, and GPX3 and chemoradiotherapy may improve prognosis. Our observations reveal a notable connection between GPX3 and immune infiltration, immune neoantigens, and MMR genes. Conclusions: The variations in GPX3 expression are linked to the controlling tumor development and could act as a promising biomarker that impacts the prognosis of specific cancers like STAD and LGG.

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder, whose global prevalence is rapidly increasing. Acetyl CoA carboxylases 1 (ACACA) is the key enzyme that controls the rate of fatty acid synthesis. Hence, it is crucial to investigate the function of ACACA in regulating lipid metabolism during the progress of NAFLD. Methods Firstly, a fatty liver mouse model was established by high-fat diet at 2nd, 12th, and 20th week, respectively. Then, transcriptome analysis was performed on liver samples to investigate the underlying mechanisms and identify the target gene of the occurrence and development of NAFLD. Afterwards, lipid accumulation cell model was induced by palmitic acid and oleic acid (PA ∶ OA molar ratio = 1∶2). Next, we silenced the target gene ACACA using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or the CMS-121 inhibitor. Subsequently, experiments were performed comprehensively the effects of inhibiting ACACA on mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism, as well as on AMPK- PPARα- CPT1A pathway. Results This data indicated that the pathways significantly affected by high-fat diet include lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function. Then, we focus on the target gene ACACA. In addition, the in vitro results suggested that inhibiting of ACACA in vitro reduces intracellular lipid accumulation, specifically the content of TG and TC. Furthermore, ACACA ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and alleviate oxidative stress, including MMP complete, ATP and ROS production, as well as the expression of mitochondria respiratory chain complex (MRC) and AMPK proteins. Meanwhile, ACACA inhibition enhances lipid metabolism through activation of PPARα/CPT1A, leading to a decrease in intracellular lipid accumulation. Conclusion Targeting ACACA can reduce lipid accumulation by mediating the AMPK- PPARα- CPT1A pathway, which regulates lipid metabolism and alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction.

Abstract Targeting C5aR1 modulates the function of infiltrated immune cells including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis and development through TAM education. However, whether and how the gut flora is involved in C5aR1 inhibition-mediated TAMs remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, genetic deletion of C5ar1 or pharmacological inhibition of C5aR1 with anti-C5aR1 Ab or PMX-53 in the presence or absence of deletion Abs were utilized to verify if and how C5aR1 inhibition regulated TAMs polarization via affecting gut microbiota composition. We found that the therapeutic effects of C5aR1 inhibition on CRC benefited from programming of TAMs toward M1 polarization via driving AKT2-mediated 6-phosphofructokinase muscle type (PFKM) stabilization in a TLR5-dependent manner. Of note, in the further study, we found that C5aR1 inhibition elevated the concentration of serum IL-22 and the mRNA levels of its downstream target genes encoded antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), leading to gut microbiota modulation and flagellin releasement, which contributed to M1 polarization. Our data revealed that high levels of C5aR1 in TAMs predicted poor prognosis. In summary, our study suggested that C5aR1 inhibition reduced CRC growth via resetting M1 by AKT2 activation-mediated PFKM stabilization in a TLR5-dependent manner, which relied on IL-22-regulated gut flora.

Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) proteins have been shown an allergenic potential; however, little information is available on the sensitizing and eliciting capacity of shrimp protein digestion products. In this study, a BALB/c mice model was used to explore the allergenicity of shrimp protein sample (SPS) and their gastric and gastrointestinal digestion products (GDS/GIDS). As compared with the SPS groups, the GDS/GIDS groups caused lower specific immunoglobulins (IgE/IgG1) levels (P < 0.05), but higher than the control groups, indicating that the digestion products sensitized the mice. Meanwhile, spleen index, mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) concentration and proportion of degranulated mast cells were significantly reduced in the GDS/GIDS groups (P < 0.05); simultaneously, allergic symptoms, vascular permeability and histopathological changes of tissues were alleviated. Nevertheless, the allergenicity of digestion products cannot be eliminated and still cause systemic allergic reactions in mice. The study showed that the digestion products of shrimp still had high sensitizing and eliciting capacity.

Abstract Background As biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely associated with the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the prognostic predictive value of miRNAs in NSCLC has rarely been explored. In this study, the value in prognosis prediction of NSCLC was mined based on data mining models using clinical data and plasma miRNAs biomarkers. Methods A total of 69 patients were included in this prospective cohort study. After informed consent, they filled out questionnaires and had their peripheral blood collected. The expressions of plasma miRNAs were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The Whitney U test was used to analyze non-normally distributed data. Kaplan-Meier was used to plot the survival curve, the log-rank test was used to compare with the overall survival curve, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to screen the factors related to the prognosis of lung cancer. Data mining techniques were utilized to predict the prognostic status of patients. Results We identified that smoking (HR = 2.406, 95% CI = 1.256–4.611), clinical stage III + IV (HR = 5.389, 95% CI = 2.290-12.684), the high expression group of miR-20a (HR = 4.420, 95% CI = 1.760–11.100), the high expression group of miR-197 (HR = 3.828, 95% CI = 1.778–8.245), the low expression group of miR-145 ( HR = 0.286, 95% CI = 0.116–0.709), and the low expression group of miR-30a (HR = 0.307, 95% CI = 0.133–0.706) was associated with worse prognosis. Among the five data mining models, the decision trees (DT) C5.0 model performs the best, with accuracy and Area Under Curve (AUC) of 93.75% and 0.929 (0.685, 0.997), respectively. Conclusion The results showed that the high expression level of miR-20a and miR-197, the low expression level of miR-145 and miR-30a were strongly associated with poorer prognosis in NSCLC patients, and the DT C5.0 model may serve as a novel, accurate, method for predicting prognosis of NSCLC.

In the face of increasingly complex optimization problems, the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm still encounters some unresolved issues. For instance, the randomness involved in generating the initial population provides diversity to optimization solutions but also leads to convergence among individuals due to the current pseudo-randomness in this process. To address this challenge, this study introduces an improved ABC algorithm based on a two-dimensional queue structure, referred to as KLABC. The KLABC algorithm introduces several key advantages over traditional ABC algorithms. By employing the K-Means algorithm, it enhances the assessment of initial population individuals, ensuring a higher-quality population that aligns with specified requirements. The integration of a two-dimensional queue-based search strategy, along with the application of the first-in, first-out (FIFO) mechanism, not only preserves population diversity but also minimizes the risk of discarding potential optimal solutions during iterative searches. Augmenting this framework, the concepts of the global best solution (GBest) and queue best solution (QBest) are incorporated to fortify the exploration formula, expediting the algorithm's convergence rate. Experimental results on clustering optimization problems across seven UCI datasets validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results indicate that the KLABC algorithm achieves faster convergence compared to the traditional ABC algorithm, with an average performance improvement of 55.63%. Additionally, when comparing the runtime of different algorithms in handling large-scale data, the KLABC algorithm effectively maintains its performance even in scenarios with larger data sizes.

Abstract Background Predicting the prognosis of primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in the perioperative period is of great clinical significance. The inflammatory response during the perioperative period is also an important factor. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) during the perioperative period of PPCI and evaluate its predictive value for in-hospital and out-of-hospital outcomes in patients with STEMI. Methods This retrospective study included 324 consecutive patients with STEMI who were admitted to the cardiac care unit. Blood samples were collected before PPCI, 12 h (T1), 24 h, 48 h after PPCI, the last time before hospital discharge (T2), and 1 month after hospital discharge. The SII was calculated as (neutrophils×platelets)/lymphocytes. Based on whether the primary endpoint occurred, we divided the patients into event and non-event groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors that might influence the occurrence of the primary endpoint. Dynamic curves of SII were plotted, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn for each node to calculate the optimal critical value, sensitivity, and specificity to assess their predictive ability for in-hospital and out-of-hospital courses. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze the differences in survival rates at different SII inflammation levels. Results High levels of SII were individually related to the occurrence of the in-hospital period and long-term outcomes during the post-operative follow-up of STEMI patients (in-hospital SII: T1:OR 1.001,95%CI 1.001–1.001, P

Urban areas have higher heterogeneity compared to natural areas, it is crucial to assess fine-resolution land cover products and discover how they differ in urban areas so that they can be efficiently used for various application scenarios. In this study, five typical cities in China were chosen as study areas to evaluate four commonly used 30 m land cover products: GLC_FCS30-2020, FROM-GLC30-2017, Globeland30-2020, and CLCD-2019. We analyzed the reliability of these four products using validation samples as well as by examining their area and spatial pattern consistency. Given the limitations of traditional accuracy assessments at the macro level, we added a local area evaluation to further examine the classification details in these products. The macro results indicated that four land cover products within urban areas have a similar overall accuracy, surpassing 76%, but there was a low consistency among them, ranging from 42.21% to 61.13%. The local accuracy assessment illustrated that GLC_FCS30-2020 and FROM-GLC30-2017 performed well in reflecting the intricate details of the city, however, the four products exhibited varying degrees of misclassifications and omissions. These phenomena suggest that more sophisticated algorithms are needed to consider urban particularities since fine-resolution land cover products may fail to capture complex urban details.

Abstract Musculoskeletal deficits are among the most common extra-intestinal manifestations and complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to identify crosstalk genes between IBD and osteoporosis (OP) and potential relationships between crosstalk and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-related genes. Three common hub genes from different compared groups are actually the same, namely HDAC6, IL-8, and PPIF. ROC showed that the combined diagnostic value of HDAC6, IL-8, and PPIF was higher than each of the three key hub genes. Immune infiltration results showed that HDAC6 and IL-8 key genes negatively correlated with CD65 bright natural killer cells. USF1 was the common upstream TFs between HDAC6 and PPIF, and MYC was the common upstream TFs between IL-8 and PPIF in RegNetwork. Taken together, this study shows a linked mechanism between IBD and OP via NETs and crosstalk genes. These findings may show light on better diagnosis and treatment of IBD complicated with OP.

This study focuses on the construction and evaluation of a high-quality Chinese Manchu music dataset designed to facilitate Artificial Intelligence (AI) research and applications within cultural heritage and ethnomusicology. Through a systematic collection and organization of diverse Manchu music resources, including folk songs, dance music, and ceremonial pieces, this dataset effectively represents the cultural breadth of Manchu music. The dataset includes digitized and preprocessed audio data, with comprehensive metadata annotations, such as essential information, musical features, and cultural context, creating a robust foundation for AI-based analysis. Experimental evaluations highlight the dataset’s utility across various AI-driven applications: in music classification, using a CNN model, an accuracy of 90% was achieved in the “folk ensemble” category, with an overall accuracy of 85.7% and a precision of 82.3%. For music generation, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model yielded a quality score of 7.8/10 and a Fréchet Audio Distance (FAD) of 0.32. In emotion recognition, the Random Forest model achieved 87% accuracy in identifying the emotion “joy”. These results underscore the dataset’s potential in supporting digital preservation and expanding AI applications in ethnic music classification, generation, and emotional analysis, contributing to both cultural heritage preservation and AI advancement in ethnomusicology.

Excessive fossil burning causes energy shortages and contributes to the environmental crisis. Light-driven thermocatalytic CO2 reduction by methane (CRM) provides an effective strategy to conquer these two global challenges. Ni-based catalysts have been developed as candidates for CRM that are comparable to the noble metal catalysts. However, they are prone to deactivation due to the thermodynamically inevitable coking side reactions. Herein, we reported a novel Co-Ni/SiO2 nanocomposite of Co cluster-modified Ni nanoparticles, which greatly enhance the catalytic durability for light-driven thermocatalytic CRM. It exhibits high production rates of H2 (rH2) and CO (rCO, 22.8 and 26.7 mmol min−1 g−1, respectively), and very high light-to-fuel efficiency (ƞ) is achieved (26.8%). Co-Ni/SiO2 shows better catalytic durability than the referenced catalyst of Ni/SiO2. Based on the experimental results of TG-MS, TEM, and HRTEM, we revealed the origin of the significantly enhanced light-driven thermocatalytic activity and durability as well as the novel photoactivation. It was discovered that the focused irradiation markedly reduces the apparent activation energy of CO2 on the Co-Ni/SiO2 nanocomposite, thus significantly enhancing the light-driven thermocatalytic activity.

This study introduces a sophisticated methodology that integrates 3D assessment technology for the reorganization and recycling of retired lithium-ion battery packs, aiming to mitigate environmental challenges and enhance sustainability in the electric vehicle sector. By deploying a kernel extreme learning machine (KELM), variational mode decomposition (VMD), and an advanced sparrow search algorithm (SSA), the research achieves a marked increase in the precision of battery classification and performance forecasting. Implementing a three-dimensional dynamic evaluation model, the study optimizes battery pack grouping strategies, culminating in superior secondary utilization rates, extended operational lifespans, and minimized ecological footprints. The research demonstrates that balanced weight distribution strategies, which maximize energy density to 61.37571 Wh/L and cycle counts up to 947 cycles, are pivotal for the efficient reorganization of battery packs, substantiating the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of recycling initiatives. Future endeavors will extend this research to investigate the influence of diverse battery materials and morphologies on reorganization efficacy, with the aim of broadening the application horizons to include real-world scenarios, thereby refining battery performance and lifespan predictions and propelling forward the frontiers of recycling technology and policy development.

Controlling the hierarchical self-assembly of surfactants in aqueous solutions has drawn much attention due to their broad range of applications, from targeted drug release, preparation of smart material, to biocatalysis. However, the synthetic procedures for surfactants with stimuli-responsive hydrophobic chains are complicated, which restricts the development of surfactants. Herein, a novel single-tailed responsive surfactant, 1-methyl-3-(2-(4-((tetradecylimino) methyl) phenoxy) ethyl)-3-imidazolium bromides (C14PMimBr), was facilely fabricated in situ by simply mixing an aldehyde-functionalized imidazolium cation (3-(2-(4-formylphenoxy) ethyl)-1-methyl imidazolium bromide, BAMimBr) and aliphatic amine (tetradecylamine, TDA) through dynamic imine bonding. With increasing concentration, micelles, vesicles, and hydrogels were spontaneously formed by the hierarchical self-assembly of C14PMimBr in aqueous solutions without any additives. The morphologies of vesicles and hydrogels were characterized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties and microstructure information of hydrogels were demonstrated by rheological measurement, X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory calculation. In addition, the vesicles could be disassembled and reassembled with the breakage and reformation of imine bonds by adding acid/bubbling CO2 and adding alkali. This work provides a simple method for constructing stimuli-responsive surfactant systems and shows great potential application in targeted drug release, drug delivery, and intelligent materials.

Self-healing, stretchable, and moldable hydrogels have a great potential application in tissue engineering and soft robotics. Despite great success in reported hydrogels, it is still a great challenge to construct the moldable hydrogels with an ultrafast self-healing performance. Herein, the composite hydrogels (PBLH) with ultrafast self-healing, stretchable, and moldable properties were successfully constructed by poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), borate (B), ε-poly-l-lysine (EPL), and hyaluronic acid (HA) based on an efficient one-pot method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and rheological measurements confirmed the formation of a dynamic network among PVA, B, EPL, and HA through the cross-linking of dynamic borate bonds, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding. Having fabricated the dynamic network structure, the damage gap of the composite hydrogels can heal within 1 min, presenting an excellent self-healing ability. Simultaneously, the composite hydrogels can be molded into various shapes, and the length of the composite hydrogels can be stretched to 15 times their original length. In addition, the composite hydrogels exhibited an excellent antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Our results illustrated that the composite hydrogels not only retain the advantages of traditional hydrogels but also possess ultrafast self-healing, outstanding stretchable and antibacterial properties, presenting a prospective candidate for constructing biomedical materials.

Background: The development of the global economy has led to changes in air pollution patterns. The haze phenomenon characterized by high concentrations of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has changed to complex pollution, and photochemical pollution characterized by ozone (O3) has become increasingly prominent. Ozone pollution and its impact on human health has become an important topic that needs to be studied urgently. Objective: To investigate the effects of ozone on oxidative stress and inflammation in the nasal mucosa of a rat model. Methods: Thirty-two healthy female Sprague–Dawley rats, eight in each group, were divided into four groups using the randomized numeric table method: normal control group (NC group), normal rats with a low level of ozone inhalation exposure (NEL group, 0.5 ppm), medium ozone inhalation exposure (NEM group, 1 ppm), and high ozone inhalation exposure (NEH group, 2 ppm). The ozone inhalation exposure groups were placed in the ozone inhalation exposure system and exposed to different concentrations of ozone for 2 h each day for 6 weeks. Nasal secretion was measured, and nasal lavage and nasal mucosa were collected. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were measured by colorimetric assay, and the nasal mucosa was analyzed by Western blot. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of NF-κB p65 nuclear protein in nasal mucosa. The mRNA expression of NF-κB target genes IL-6 and IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and the protein content of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was detected by ELISA in serum and nasal lavage fluid. The nasal mucosa of rats was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe the pathological changes in the nasal mucosa. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The amount of nasal secretion increased significantly in all groups after ozone exposure compared with that in the NC group. The MDA content of the nasal mucosa was significantly increased in the ozone-exposed group compared with the NC group, and the activity levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the nasal mucosa were lower in the ozone-exposed group than in the NC group. The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the nasal mucosa of the ozone-exposed group was elevated, and the protein content of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in the nasal lavage fluid was elevated, and the content increased with the increase in ozone concentration. The expression of NF-κB p65 intracellular protein in the nasal mucosa of each ozone-exposed group was higher than that of the normal group, and the content increased with the increase in ozone concentration. Conclusions: Ozone inhalation exposure promotes oxidative stress and the release of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, leading to pathological damage of the nasal mucosa, the degree of which increases with increasing concentration. This pathological process may be related to the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB by ozone in the nasal mucosa of rats, which increases the expression of its target genes.

Abstract Molecular subtyping of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has been performed at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level. However, LUSC stratification based on tissue metabolomics is still lacking. Combining high-mass-resolution imaging mass spectrometry with consensus clustering, four tumor- and four stroma-specific subtypes with distinct metabolite patterns were identified in 330 LUSC patients. The first tumor subtype T1 negatively correlated with DNA damage and immunological features including CD3, CD8, and PD-L1. The same features positively correlated with the tumor subtype T2. Tumor subtype T4 was associated with high PD-L1 expression. Compared with the status of subtypes T1 and T4, patients with subtype T3 had improved prognosis, and T3 was an independent prognostic factor with regard to UICC stage. Similarly, stroma subtypes were linked to distinct immunological features and metabolic pathways. Stroma subtype S4 had a better prognosis than S2. Subsequently, analyses based on an independent LUSC cohort treated by neoadjuvant therapy revealed that the S2 stroma subtype was associated with chemotherapy resistance. Clinically relevant patient subtypes as determined by tissue-based spatial metabolomics are a valuable addition to existing molecular classification systems. Metabolic differences among the subtypes and their associations with immunological features may contribute to the improvement of personalized therapy.