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This study aims to analyze the traditional Islamic practice of Nahdlatul Wathan (NW) in positioning and attaching the religious authority of Tuan Guru or Kyai, which is being challenged by the Salafi purification movement. This also determines the efforts needed to desacralize this authority by the Salafi elite who united by the perception that the sacredness of certain people, including Tuan Guru, is unknown in Islam, and even contradicts Islamic teachings with claims based on the salaf manhaj. Data collected was based on the phenomena from the ideological contestation at the elite level of the two religious groups that affect the pattern of religion and the internal interaction of religious people in Lombok. It was then analyzed using the contestation theory framework operationally formulated by Antje Winner. Based on empirical tendencies, the result showed that the desacralization of religious authority is not solely influenced by theological factors of religious understanding rather by the struggle for the religious authority of religious elites in the public sphere. This indicates the increase in the number of Salafi preachers who carry the purification theme in various mosques and Majlis Taklim, the higher the probability of seeing educational institutions as a new challenge for Tuan Guru to maintain religious authority. The implication is that there is social fragmentation and conflict involving sectarian sentiments of religious groups, where the contestation of religious elites contributes.

Abstract A simple fabrication of end-bonded contacts InAsSb NW (nanowire) array detector to weak light is demonstrated in this study. The detector is fabricated using InAsSb NW array grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrate. The metal-induced gap states are induced by the end-bonded contact which suppresses the dark current at various temperatures. The existence of the interface dipole due to the interfacial gap states enhances the light excitation around the local field and thus upgrades the photoresponsivity and photodetectivity to the weak light. The light intensity of the infrared light source in this report is 14 nW/cm2 which is about 3 to 4 orders of magnitude less than the laser source. The responsivity of the detector has reached 28.57 A/W at room temperature with the light (945 nm) radiation, while the detectivity is 4.81 × 1011 cm·Hz1/2 W−1. Anomalous temperature-dependent performance emerges at the variable temperature experiments, and we discussed the detailed mechanism behind the nonlinear relationship between the photoresponse of the device and temperatures. Besides, the optoelectronic characteristics of the detector clarified that the light-trapping effect and photogating effect of the NWs can enhance the photoresponse to the weak light across ultraviolet to near-infrared. These results highlight the feasibility of the InAsSb NW array detector to the infrared weak light without a cooling system.

The molecular orientation in polymer fibers is investigated for the purpose of enhancing their optical properties through nanoscale control by nanowires mixed in electrospun solutions. A prototypical system, consisting of a conjugated polymer blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone, mixed with WO3 nanowires, is analyzed. A critical strain rate of the electrospinning jet is determined by theoretical modeling at which point the polymer network undergoes a stretch transition in the fiber direction, resulting in a high molecular orientation that is partially retained after solidification. Nearing a nanowire boundary, local adsorption of the polymer and hydrodynamic drag further enhance the molecular orientation. These theoretical predictions are supported by polarized scanning near-field optical microscopy experiments, where the dichroic ratio of the light transmitted by the fiber provides evidence of increased orientation nearby nanowires. The addition of nanowires to enhance molecular alignment in polymer fibers might consequently enhance properties such as photoluminescence quantum yield, polarized emission, and tailored energy migration, exploitable in light-emitting photonic and optoelectronic devices and for sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ecopolitical thread runs throughout Zadie Smith's fiction and non-fiction, problematising the author's self-described 'sentimental humanism'. In this article, I reflect on Smith's narrative and essayistic treatment of animals in the context of insights drawn from the recent 'nonhuman turn' in critical theory and literary criticism. I argue that Smith's work exhibits a fidelity to the existence of nonhuman alterity at the limits of human experience. In her narrative and essays, Smith threads a needle between understanding the human's nonhuman origins and the inevitable self-referentiality of human signifying systems. I begin by examining how strategies of 'soft representation' across Smith's writing deconstruct everyday anthropocentrism; I then analyse how her 2012 novel NW depicts British neoliberal ideology entangling urban foxes in human anxieties about race and class; finally, I discuss this novel's search for potential solidarities among urban animals, human and nonhuman, who are marginalised under twenty-first-century neoliberal policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the post-colonial approach (Fernández Carbajal, 2016; López-Ropero, 2016) has dominated research on Zadie Smith’s postmodern work, NW (2013), there has been little to no stylistic analysis of the novel. The article aims to fill in this theoretical gap by examining the different modes of point of view, indicating how they are linguistically encoded. Using Leech and Short’s model of narratological aspects of viewpoint (2007), the stylistic features of the third-person narrator and the reflectors are revealed. The analysis seeks to demonstrate that the narrative style varies with each shift of perspective and that the voice of the narrator and the characters’ points of view are linguistically intertwined. The research points out the stylistic metamorphosis of the narrator who moves from mimetic storytelling to metafiction, alternating between the covert narrator who foregrounds the characters’ point of view and the overt one who constantly pinpoints the linguistic identity of the novel. The fusion of form and content becomes the storyline of this novel, where the differences between viewpoints of the narrating voices reflect the differences between their lives.

In this work, the gas sensing properties of a single ZnO nanowire (NW) are investigated, simultaneously in terms of photoluminescence (PL) and photocurrent (PC) response to NO 2 gas, with the purpose of giving new insights on the gas sensing mechanism of a single 1D ZnO nanostructure. A single ZnO NW sensing device was fabricated, characterized, and compared with a sample made of bundles of ZnO NWs. UV near-band-edge PL emission spectroscopy was carried out at room temperature and by lowering the temperature down to 77 K, which allows detection of resolved PL peaks related to different excitonic transition regions. Surface effects were observed in PL maps, considering different nano and microstructures. Electrical and optical measurements were acquired at the same time during the NO 2 gas exposure, allowing for the comparison of PL and PC response times and signal recovery. During NO 2 gas desorption, irreversible behavior in the surface-related and donor-acceptor pair (DAP) regions is interpreted as the effect of an initial transient when electronic transfer from the gas molecules to the bulk occurs through the ZnO NW surface which acts as a channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work which investigates the simultaneous PL optical and PC electrical response signals of a single ZnO NW to gas exposure.

While the post-colonial approach (Fernández Carbajal, 2016; López-Ropero, 2016) has dominated research on Zadie Smith's postmodern work, NW (2013), there has been little to no stylistic analysis of the novel. The article aims to fill in this theoretical gap by examining the different modes of point of view, indicating how they are linguistically encoded. Using Leech and Short's model of narratological aspects of viewpoint (2007), the stylistic features of the third-person narrator and the reflectors are revealed. The analysis seeks to demonstrate that the narrative style varies with each shift of perspective and that the voice of the narrator and the characters' points of view are linguistically intertwined. The research points out the stylistic metamorphosis of the narrator who moves from mimetic storytelling to metafiction, alternating between the covert narrator who foregrounds the characters' point of view and the overt one who constantly pinpoints the linguistic identity of the novel. The fusion of form and content becomes the storyline of this novel, where the differences between viewpoints of the narrating voices reflect the differences between their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ascending trend of Moore's law has stretched to the horizon, where the prospects of carbon-based materials show the potential of replacing the silicon-based complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology. These alternatives include nanowire transistors, carbon nanotube field-effect transistors, quantum-dot cellular automata, and graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors (GNRFETs). This paper presents a review of the evolution of graphene, its fabrication process, and graphene-based field-effect transistor device structures. The diverse features of graphene as a material are derived from its structural, electronic, and thermal properties. A brief review of the techniques utilized for the fabrication of GNRFETs is mentioned in this paper. GNRFETs are based on excellent electrical properties that include strong ballistic transport, high current ratio, better compatibility with high K dielectrics, high electron mobility, reliability, scalability, and transconductance. GNRFET structures are reviewed for several aspects which include the Ion/Ioff ratio, subthreshold swing, oxide thickness, high K dielectrics, etc. that help to monitor the improvement in the performance of GNRFET devices. A comparison of the structures is presented to help researchers have a fair idea of the impact of modifications on device performance. The compact model used to simulate GNRFET-based devices is also included in this paper. GNRFET-based devices have several applications to offer in the current scenario. This paper also reports several applications of present GNRFET-based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a number of post-millennial London narratives in print and on screen. Significantly, these use chance as a structural device, contrive chance encounters between disparate characters and/or twists of fate in individual characters' lives. It is concerned with the changing fortunes of different areas of the metropolis by way of economic and cultural capital, migration within and beyond London, immigration and shifts in generic representations of the city. Chance here designates lucky, improbable, arbitrary and coincidental occurrences: modern inflections of a mythologised metropolitan theme.

Pengaruh penggunaan permainan kartu pantun untuk menyusun pantun dilihat dari aktivitas, kreativitas, peran guru dan suasana pembelajaran siswa Madrasah Nahdlatul Wathan, aktivitas semakin meningkat siswa lebih aktif. Dalam proses pembelajaran dengan permainan kartu pantun peran guru merupakan fasilitator. Suasana kelas selama proses pembelajaran lebih menyenangkan, lebih hidup, dan siswa lebih menikmati jalannya pelajaran. Hipotesis tindakan yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh Penggunaan Metode Pantun dalam pembelajaran KeNWan, belajar dengan menggunakan permainan kartu pantun ada pengaruh belajar Ke NW an Wasiat Renungan Masa membuat pantun siswa Madrasah Nahdlatul Wathan sudah terbukti. Terdapat peningkatan prestasi belajar menyusun pantun pada siswa Madrasah Nahdlatul Wathan setelah diterapkan permainan kartu pantun pada pra tindakan nilai rata-rata adalah 59,67 meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 64,07 dan meningkat lagi pada siklus II menjadi 78,98.

A simple fabrication of end-bonded contacts InAsSb NW (nanowire) array detector to weak light is demonstrated in this study. The detector is fabricated using InAsSb NW array grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrate. The metal-induced gap states are induced by the end-bonded contact which suppresses the dark current at various temperatures. The existence of the interface dipole due to the interfacial gap states enhances the light excitation around the local field and thus upgrades the photoresponsivity and photodetectivity to the weak light. The light intensity of the infrared light source in this report is 14 nW/cm2 which is about 3 to 4 orders of magnitude less than the laser source. The responsivity of the detector has reached 28.57 A/W at room temperature with the light (945 nm) radiation, while the detectivity is 4.81 × 1011 cm·Hz1/2 W−1. Anomalous temperature-dependent performance emerges at the variable temperature experiments, and we discussed the detailed mechanism behind the nonlinear relationship between the photoresponse of the device and temperatures. Besides, the optoelectronic characteristics of the detector clarified that the light-trapping effect and photogating effect of the NWs can enhance the photoresponse to the weak light across ultraviolet to near-infrared. These results highlight the feasibility of the InAsSb NW array detector to the infrared weak light without a cooling system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation, being invisible and odorless, has become a major concern in modern-day healthcare, mining, security, and nuclear applications that require professionals to work in environments involving radioactive materials, often with only elementary training. Furthermore, the scenario is worsened by the absence of a real-time, accumulative radiation dosimeter of small/wearable form factor that can provide direct digital output for long-term continuous monitoring. In this article, we present the first monolithically integrated CMOS wearable radiation dosimeter, consisting a floating-gate (FG) resistive sensor with a sensitivity of 14 $\Omega $ /rad, and a time-domain resistance-to-digital-converter (RDC) that functions as an 18-bit voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based ADC, consuming 861 nJ for 10-ms active read time (which translates to 861-nW at 1 S/s), with 3.29-pJ/conversion step energy efficiency. The proposed time-based RDC exhibits programmable energy-resolution scalability by controlling the measurement time (unlike traditional voltage/current-mode ADCs) and achieves 6-bit better resolution than the state-of-the-art VCO-based ADCs at low frequency (conversion time ≈10 ms). The implemented integrated dosimeter achieves 8-bit better resolution, 7.5 $\times $ lower power, and 40 $\times $ better sensitivity (up to 10-mrad dose) than the current CMOS FG dosimeters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although dynamic programming (DP) is an optimization approach used to solve a complex problem fast, the time required to solve it is still not efficient and grows polynomially with the size of the input. In this contribution, we improve the computation time of the dynamic programming based algorithms by proposing a novel technique, which is called "SDP: Segmented Dynamic programming". SDP finds the best way of splitting the compared sequences into segments and then applies the dynamic programming algorithm to each segment individually. This will reduce the computation time dramatically. SDP may be applied to any dynamic programming based algorithm to improve its computation time. As case studies, we apply the SDP technique on two different dynamic programming based algorithms; "Needleman–Wunsch (NW)", the widely used program for optimal sequence alignment, and the LCS algorithm, which finds the "Longest Common Subsequence" between two input strings. The results show that applying the SDP technique in conjunction with the DP based algorithms improves the computation time by up to 80% in comparison to the sole DP algorithms, but with small or ignorable degradation in comparing results. This degradation is controllable and it is based on the number of split segments as an input parameter. However, we compare our results with the well-known heuristic FASTA sequence alignment algorithm, "GGSEARCH". We show that our results are much closer to the optimal results than the "GGSEARCH" algorithm. The results are valid independent from the sequences length and their level of similarity. To show the functionality of our technique on the hardware and to verify the results, we implement it on the Xilinx Zynq-7000 FPGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MED was detected for the first time in the Dominican Republic from 2 provinces (Santo Domingo and Santiago), 2 host plants (tomato and tobacco), and 2 environments (greenhouse and open field). All MED sequences were identical and determined to be of Eastern Mediterranean origin. MEAM1 was the predominant B. tabaci cryptic species present, and was detected in all but 1 sample, which was 100% MED. NW was detected twice on eggplant in different geographical regions, and once on Mexican prickly poppy in a native habitat, but always with MEAM1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of using rice straw (RS) in combination with wood fibre in the production of medium density fibreboard was investigated. Nano‐wollastonite (NW) was added to some of the panels to determine if it would enhance the physical and mechanical properties. It was found that satisfactory composite boards could be made with the addition of 10% RS to the wood fibre. Furthermore, the mechanical and physical properties of the composite were enhanced when NW was added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a number of post-millennial London narratives in print and on screen. Significantly, these use chance as a structural device, contrive chance encounters between disparate characters and/or twists of fate in individual characters' lives. It is concerned with the changing fortunes of different areas of the metropolis by way of economic and cultural capital, migration within and beyond London, immigration and shifts in generic representations of the city. Chance here designates lucky, improbable, arbitrary and coincidental occurrences: modern inflections of a mythologised metropolitan theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time in the United States, Bemisia tabaci MED (Q biotype of B. tabaci [Gennadius]; Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was detected outside of greenhouse or nursery environments when it was collected from 10 residential landscape and 2 open field environments in Florida. Bemisia tabaci MED was also detected in 8 wholesale nurseries from 4 counties and 17 retail nurseries from 8 counties in Florida. Hibiscus was the host plant driver for B. tabaci MED whitefly infestations in retail and wholesale nurseries and in Florida residential landscapes. One mint sample from a retail nursery contained a single New World whitefly and represents the first detection of New World B. tabaci in Florida since it was displaced by B. tabaci Middle Eastern Asia Minor 1 in the mid-1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have designed and fabricated two perovskite-based photodetectors (PPDs) with 2D and 1D metal oxide carrier transport layers having the structure of ZnO thinfilm (TF)/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /NiO TF (Device1) and ZnO nanowire (NW)/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /NiO NW (Device2). Vertical and porous 1D carrier transport layers were fabricated using the advanced glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. The structure with 1D carrier transport layers in Device2 showed an enhanced optical absorption and emission as compared to 2D layered structure in Device1. The Device2 would enhance the responsivity (R λ) upto 134 times in UV (390 nm) and 1350 times in visible (450 nm) region as compared to Device1. Moreover, the maximum detectivity (D*) values of 3.43 × 1011 Jones and 3.53 × 1011 Jones were observed for Device2 and 0.343 × 1011 and 0.35 × 1010 Jones for Device1 in UV and visible regions respectively. In addition to that, the Device2 also showed an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 3.2 × 103% and 2.9 × 103% in UV and visible regions respectively. Furthermore, the Device2 showed an ultrafast device response with rise time and fall times of 0.17 s and 0.13 s respectively. The 1D carrier transport layers in PPDs can be used as good candidate for future broadband photodetectors (PDs). • 1-dimensional (1D) over 2D carrier transport layers in perovskite photodetector. • A large R λ of 10.5 A/W and 10.8 A/W in UV and visible respectively using nanowire. • The nanowire based photodetector show a huge D* and a low NEP. • A maximum EQE of 3.2 × 103% using the NW based photodetector. • An ultra-fast device response in millisecond by the NW carrier transport layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to demonstrate that Zadie Smith’s fourth novel, 'NW' (2012), deviates away from celebratory multiculturalism in Britain, interrogating the struggle between critical cosmopolitanism and melancholia in a twenty-first century urban environment. It will be argued that Smith’s limited geographical focus (on an area in which she was born and continues to reside) intimates that the social constructs of the family and local community are more conducive to developing cosmopolitan empathy and meaningful relations. Through an analysis of the ethical values of hospitality and openness, it will be suggested that 'NW' reflects a rise in transnational relations and the construction of a cultural model of cosmopolitan communication haunted by national identity and the difficulties of negotiating cultural diversity. The article will then conclude by examining how 'NW' exposes the racial inequalities and socio-economic disparities continuing to reside at the heart of British urban life.

NW by Zadie Smith opens with a multicultural and multiracial scene and revolves around the crises in the lives of four people with longstanding connection to Northwest London. The Northwest London in NW is a besieged city, and the people therein could not see any possibility of getting out because the gate has been latched with the concept of social class. In NW, the social class is materialized as space, economic position and race. Geographically NW features the main areas of London, and considers the role of that city in shaping the consciousness of the major characters, a partly spatial configuring of identity. In addition, the major characters in NW also suffer from occupational exclusion and economic exploitation, which then lead to their lower-class position since social class is constructed in such a way that agents are distributed according to their positions in the statistical distribution based on the economic and cultural capital. Finally the racial discrimination encountered by the characters in NW shows that class relations shape the form that racial oppression takes. The racialization of class issues becomes a politically effective tool for the wealthy to divide and rule the lower classes. In NW, Smith thus has adopted a more political attitude than in her previous books, so the relatively new perspective of her fiction might be the attention she draws to the persistent obstacles to class crossing and the acknowledgment of the rigid lines that still define the social classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces Zadie Smith’s recurring, but shifting, engagement with North London in her worksWhite Teeth,The Autograph Man,On Beauty,NWandThe Embassy of Cambodia. It argues that underlying Smith’s changing aesthetic approaches to this particular space is an ethical agenda: an emphasis on the necessity to engage critically and responsibly with space (which Doreen Massey has read as a social construction that impacts powerfully on individuals and groups). After a consideration of the different approaches to, and functions of, North London in Smith’s first three novels, it focuses on her structural and metanarrative engagement with space in her more recent works. This gives way to reflections on agency, in light of the social determination of concrete spaces. Whereas Smith set out to create inWhite Teetha representation of a quintessentially British space, it is what Massey refers to as a “global sense of space” – one that shapes national discourses – that manifests itself in her more recent literary North London. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper proposes to examine Zadie Smith’s NW (2012) in the light of her essay ‘Two Directions for the Novel’, in which she explores two roads for novel writing: ‘lyrical realism’ and ‘constructive deconstruction’. In NW, Smith uses a range of narrative techniques that are indebted to realist, modernist and postmodernist traditions, and by analysing some of them, this paper aims to find out where Smith situates herself on the literary map in 2012, how she deals with the legacies of the past and what new lines she may be drawing for herself. More than forty years after David Lodge’s essay ‘The Novelist at the Crossroads’, one may wonder whether Smith finds herself at an ‘anxiety crossroads’, to quote her own expression. Her mixture of stream-of-consciousness technique, straightforward narrative and metafictional devices shows that she chooses neither the highway of the well-made novel nor the side road of downright deconstruction, but embraces several directions without trying to reconcile them.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer chains were grafted on neoprene W (NW) by a one-step ATRP reaction. The thermal properties of the products were analyzed by DSC. Improvement ofTgwas a result of the PMMA grafted chains. Also, the melting point (Tm) changed from 42°C for NW to 142°C for modified NW. Using different solvents for the resulting copolymers, aggregates were obtained. Phase separation was influenced by the grafting degree of PMMA and the employed solvent. The copolymers were analyzed by GPC, FT-IR, DSC, and SEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular dynamics (MD) and modified analytical embedded atom method (MAEAM) are used to study the effect of the cross-sectional shape on the nanowire (NW) premelting. The results indicate that the premelting phenomenon occurs far below the melting point. The temperature dependence of mean square displacement (MSD) shows that the shape effect on the premelting phenomenon is obvious. Based on the detailed analysis of the atomic configuration, the premelting activation energy (PAE), and the shape factor, we have further found that the cross-sectional shape has an important effect on the premelting mechanism of the NW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The flexural vibrations of cracked micro- and nanobeams in the presence of surface effects are studied. The cracked-beam model is set up by dividing the classical cracked beam element into two segments connected by a rotational spring located at the cracked section. This model promotes a discontinuity in bending slope, which is proportional to the second derivative of the displacements. Numerical examples demonstrate the effects of beam length, and crack position and severity on the calculated values of natural frequencies of an anodic alumina nanowire in the presence of surface effects. Limiting cases are considered and good agreements with the data available in the literature are obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A high-performance short-channel tri-gated polycrystalline-silicon nanowire (NW) field-effect transistor is developed by using simple sidewall spacer and lateral etching techniques without employing costly lithographic tools. Channel length of 120 nm and NW thickness of 25 nm can be easily formed by the self-aligned process. The device exhibits superior electrical characteristics because of the strong gate controllability: a subthreshold swing of 102 mV/dec, drain induced barrier lowing of 74.4 mV/V, and extremely high ION/IOFF ratio of 4.4 ×108(Vd=1 V) are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to characterize the nature of seismicity, anisotropy and coherency of deformation in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Doda- Kisthwar region (DKR), Jammu, located in the Kashmir seismic gap of NW Himalaya. Location of earthquakes using local waveforms, and shear wave splitting in local and teleseismic waveforms recorded at 5 temporary stations, are performed for this purpose. The relocation of 890 earthquakes reveals two clusters along the NE and SW part (referred to as Kisthwar and Doda cluster respectively), which is attributed to the under-thrusting of the Indian plate and uplifting of Kisthwar Window respectively. The shear wave splitting analysis yielded a total of 47 local S and 11 XK(K)S splitting measurements. The corresponding Fast Polarization Azimuths (FPAs) show two distinct spatial patterns. In the first pattern, the FPAs are oriented along the NW direction, are perpendicular to the maximum horizontal stress, and are parallel to the structural trend as a result of oblique compression in the NW Himalaya. In the second pattern, the FPAs are oriented along the ENE-WSW direction and the corresponding delay times are found to be larger than those in the DKR. This could be because of localized deformation; the strike of fluid-filled fractures in the fault zone is also along the ENE-WSW direction, parallel to the course of the Chenab river. Thus, for both the trends, structure-induced anisotropy seems to be the most possible cause for the observed anisotropy. Further, the splitting parameters show a slight variation with depth for the respective orientation patterns. The delay times of the XK(K)S phases vary from 0.3 to 1.3 s, and cluster around 0.5 s, with the majority of FPAs, oriented along the ENE-WSW direction. This can be reconciled in terms of a combined effect of absolute plate motion (APM) related strain and finite strain induced by compression. The inconsistency in the upper crust and upper mantle anisotropy does not favour a coherently distributed lithospheric deformation in this segment of the NW Himalaya. The source of anisotropy in the upper crust is complex compared to that in the upper mantle. • Analysed the local S and XK(K)S phases to examine the coherency of deformation in the crust and upper mantle • The fast axis of anisotropy in the upper crust does not correlate with the regional stress pattern. • The anisotropy in the upper mantle is due to the combined effect of basal shear and extension induced by collision. • Lack of coherent deformation in the crust and upper mantle suggests a decoupled nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]