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Background: The geriatric population is continuously at risk for nutritional deficiency and malnutrition, especially in developing countries like India. The aim of this study was to determine if the oral health-related quality of life is associated with malnutrition among the institutionalized elderly Goan population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the institutionalized elderly in Goa. The elderly was assessed by a 12-item Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) test. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data using the SPSS version 21. Results: There were 102 elderly participants, of which 60.8% were females. The majority of study subjects (83%) were between the age group of 65 and 74 years. Among the assessed subjects, nearly 55.9% of them had a total score of GOHAI between 12 and 57 which was categorized as "needed dental care." As per MNA, 32.4% had adequate nutrition, 65.7% were at risk of malnutrition, and the remaining 2% of subjects were malnourished. There was a significant correlation between GOHAI and MNA scores. Conclusion: In the elderly, nutritional status played a significant role in the oral health quality of life. The geriatric denture population is particularly vulnerable to compromised nutritional health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry guidelines, the first dental visit of a child is within 6 months of age. The need of such early visits is to help dentists to detect and treat incipient lesions, to educate parents about proper oral hygiene maintenance and the importance of diet and fluorides. Moreover, the visit helps the child to understand and adapt to the dental setup, thereby showing a positive dental attitude in future visits. Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the age at which children receive dental care for the first time and the reasons for such dental visits. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, wherein a questionnaire was provided to the parents of pediatric patients attending the outpatient department for their first dental visit, which included the sociodemographic details along with the questions related to their first dental visit, reason, and experiences regarding their visit. Results: On average, children reported for their first dental visit only after 5 years of age for the complaints such as pain and dental caries. Thus, indicating oral health education and preventive treatment program are yet to reach the general population. Conclusion: From the present study, it was evident that necessary awareness regarding the first dental visit is very low, with the subjects approaching the dentist after the establishment of ill oral health, thus demanding interception rather than prevention of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Obesity and dental caries constitute an important public health problem worldwide. Special-needs children are at higher risk of developing dental caries and obesity because of their physical, neurological, or behavioural impairment or due to side effects of the medications they take. The present study was conducted to assess the association between dental caries and obesity among children with special health care needs in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 (220 girls and 180 boys) special-needs children. Body mass index (BMI) was determined by using height and weight measurements. Dental caries was recorded according to World Health Organization criteria. The association between caries and obesity was assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: 289 (72.3%) children presented with caries with mean dmft and DMFT of 3.9 ± 2.7 and 4.8 ± 2.3, respectively. Regression analysis showed specials needs children were at a greater risk of having dental caries: 1.69 times (CI: 0.18-2.62, p < 0.05) greater with obesity; 2.01 (CI: 0.18-3.09, p < 0.05) times greater with sugar consumption; 2.21 times (CI: 1.27-4.12, p < 0.001) greater with cerebral palsy; and 2.27 (CI: 1.29-5.12, p < 0.001) times greater with intellectual disability. Conclusion: The present study showed a positive association between dental caries and obesity among children of special health care needs. Hence, a focused approach towards the common risk factors is essential to prevent both obesity and dental caries in special-needs children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonsurgical treatment for periodontitis includes scaling and root planning and the use of antimicrobial agents. Patients with periodontitis are now being treated with supplementary antimicrobials as a result of a growing understanding of the infectious nature of periodontal diseases. The use of herbs in the treatment of periodontitis is growing as an adjunct to nonsurgical modes of treatment, either in single herb or polyherbal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries among children of age 3-12 years based on the dental health diet score (DHDS). Settings and Design: Dental caries in children is evaluated using food score, nutrient score, and sweet score. Materials and Methods: A total of 2288 children were screened/examined, for the presence of dental caries using dmft/DMFT index, by randomly selecting 10 schools within a radius of 5 km. Informed written parental consent was obtained. A closed-ended questionnaire which included a diet chart was given 2 days before the examination. All children aged 3-12 years were included in the study. DHDS was calculated and compared with standard chart. All data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16 (IBM Corp.), with the P < 0.05 value considered statistically significant. Results: Dental health diet score values obtained from the present study shows that, 71.8% children were in badly need of diet counselling and diet modification, 13.7% of children were need to be educated and 15.5% of children were just need to be motivated. On comparing the DHDS score with the dental caries, the mean dmft/DMFT score of "not adequate and barely adequate" categories was 2.3 ± 1.8 and 2.4 ± 2.1, respectively. Their values were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Area to "Watch-out" for dental caries in children - Malnutrition. Equal emphasis is needed in both avoidance of sugary foods and maintenance of proper nutrition in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It is observed that poor oral health knowledge plays a major role in the prevalence of dental diseases. Our society in its attitude towards dental health has been giving it less importance as compared to general health. Schoolchildren are at a greater risk of dental problems. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was done among schoolchildren of Pune city. Schoolchildren aged 10–12 years reporting to the Department of Public Health Dentistry for preventive treatment were interviewed using a self-designed, validated questionnaire. Results: Among 311 children that participated, it was observed that a considerable number of them were aware of the importance of oral hygiene practices and followed the required practices. Conclusion: Schoolchildren nowadays show good knowledge regarding dental health and oral hygiene practices. This could be on account of exposure to media involvement of schools in health education programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there is growing interest in using medicinal plants as antimicrobial agents to treat microbial infections in the oral cavity. This study was aimed to evaluate phytochemical properties, antioral cancer and antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and some potential oral lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum). Plant extracts including Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), Acorus calamus (sweet flag), Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle), Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal) were tested and used to formulate mouthrinses for oral health care. Cinnamon extract possessed the highest phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content, and antioxidant activity (1,152.58 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g by phosphomolybdenum assay and 39.64 % nitric oxide radical scavenging activity), while roselle extract had the highest total alkaloids. Only lesser galangal extract displayed anti-oral cancer activity with 97.83 % cytotoxicity. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed the presence of galangin and kaempferide in the lesser galangal rhizome extract. The cinnamon extract showed the strongest inhibitory activity against Candida albicans (4 mg/mL MIC). Cinnamon extract (24 mg/mL) and cinnamaldehyde (0.08 mol/L) exhibited the best killing effect and the highest cellular protein leakage in C. albicans. In addition, these plant extracts were used to develop mouthrinse formulations. The extracts of cinnamon and ginger at 10 % in mouthrinse formulations could strongly inhibit the growth of C. albicans. In comparison, 8 and 10 % roselle extracts showed the best inhibitory effect against Lactobacillus casei. In summary, cinnamon and lesser galangal were potential plants with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-biofilm and anti-oral cancer activities, and thus can be utilized to formulate oral care products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The demands of operational deployment mean that defense force personnel must be dentally fit. Although medical evacuation for dental causes should be avoided, dental emergencies are a major non-combat-related contributor to withdrawal from deployment. Information on the oral health status of recruits and officer cadets entering the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) is scarce, yet it is useful for service and workforce planning. We investigated oral health status and its associations in new recruits and officer cadets entering the NZDF over a 13-month period. Materials and Methods This study used data from recruits' initial dental examination (including baseline forensic charting), posterior bitewing radiographs, orthopantomograph radiograph, and a socio-dental questionnaire. The impaction status of third molar teeth was evaluated. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Otago Ethics Committee (reference number D18/200) and the NZDF Organisational Research Committee. Results Of the 874 (83%) of the 1,053 recruits (age range 17-59 years) who participated, one in five were Māori. Nearly two-thirds were Army recruits. Caries prevalence was almost 70%. Mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) (3.0 overall) was higher among females and Māori. Few teeth were missing due to caries. Third molars were common, seen in 745 (88.3%). One in four maxillary third molars (but only one in six mandibular ones) had fully erupted. The most common type of impaction among mandibular third molars was the mesioangular type, followed by vertical, horizontal, and distoangular. Almost 60% of recruits had one or more potentially problematic third molars. The prevalence was highest in the youngest age groups, those of medium or low socioeconomic status and in Army or Navy recruits. Conclusions Recruits' oral health was acceptable, but potentially problematic third molars were common, indicating a need for careful assessment (and their possible removal) before operational deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite improved dental health, odontogenic infections originating from primary teeth are a frequent occurrence in daily clinical practice. Due to existing limitations in the implementation of endodontic treatment measures in childhood, the extraction of pain-causing or avital primary teeth is usually the procedure of choice. In the acute phase, the indication for antibiotic administration has often been discussed. With reference to the latest recommendations of the European Society of Endodontology (ESE; 2017)1 and the guidelines of the German Paul Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy (PEG; 2018)2, the indication for the use of antibiotics is limited to odontogenic infections with systemic involvement, or where there is gross, rapid or diffuse spread of infection from neighbouring loci. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is the antibiotic of choice for primary teeth. In the case of permanent teeth or antibiotically pretreated odontogenic infection, the administration of amoxillin/clavulanic acid is preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence suggests that dental caries is associated with chronic and acute malnutrition, manifested as stunting and wasting in children. However, studies have not always appropriately accounted for confounding factors or for the temporal ordering between exposure and outcome. This study examined relationships between the development of caries lesions with subsequent stunting and wasting outcomes using data from a population-based cohort in Cambodia. Caries incidence was assessed based on the presence of a new cavitated carious lesion or a new pulpally involved lesion across a 6-mo observation period. Anthropometric measurements were taken at regular intervals. Effects of carious lesions on stunting and wasting were assessed using inverse probability treatment weighting, adjusting for potential confounders, using z scores for height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) as outcomes. In total, 894 children (mean age 20 mo at baseline) were followed over 2 y. At baseline, 350 (39.1%) were identified as having stunting malnutrition. At follow-up, 58 (6.5%) had a new pulpally involved lesion. There was no association between incidence of cavitated or pulpally involved carious lesions at follow-up and stunting (relative risk [RR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 1.50). The incidence of pulpally involved carious lesions had an effect on wasting prevalence (WHZ <−2; RR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.70, 2.62) and WHZ scores (average treatment effect = −0.294; 95% CI: −0.538, −0.050). This study offers evidence that the development of pulpally involved carious lesions has an effect on WHZ scores. Oral health promotion and clinical prevention and management of dental caries should be explored as interventions to promote normal growth and development among preschool children, particularly in low-income settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mothers play an extremely important role with regards to monitoring the dental health of their children. Hormonal changes associated with pregnancy and poor oral hygiene are responsible for the development of gingivitis. Gingivitis is more common in pregnant women with pre-existing gum problems due to not following careful oral hygiene practices. Identifying mothers with poor oral hygiene and educating them on the importance of their own oral health and that of their unborn child can change previous trajectories of predicted gum disease. The research below focuses on the efforts of pregnant women to optimize the oral hygiene of children under five years of age in poorer communities within the East Java province during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative methods are complemented by quantitative data utilizing a gender perspective. The location of this research centered on: Tomoron village, Omben district, Sampang regency; Bandung Rejosari village, Sukun district, Malang regency; and Gaji village, Kerek district, Tuban regency. The subjects of this study were specifically pregnant women and mothers who have toddlers, as well as health workers from puskesmas (community health centers) and local community leaders in poorer villages. The data were collected through interviews with 180 respondents, consisting of 60 respondents from each research location. The results of this study show: 1) Mothers' knowledge of dental health and their efforts to preserve it during the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) Obstacles faced during this period, which included the lack of socializing and the prohibition on gathering within communities, and their effects on the health of mothers and children. Furthermore, limited services from puskesmas for dental health were found to be detrimental to both children and the general health of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine parental knowledge and behavior about oral health and dental care. For this purpose, we also examined the relationship between demographic characteristics and the oral-dental health behavior of parents. This study consisted of 269 parents who visited the pediatric outpatient clinic of the hospital between December 2017-January 2019. Data were collected using the researchers' prepared oral health and dental care assessment form. To determine the parents' level of knowledge and behavior regarding oral and dental health, a total of 45 questionnaires were administered with face-to-face interview technique, including demographic characteristics (4 questions), knowledge (19 questions), oral-dental behavior (18 questions), and personal opinion (4 questions). 269 parents (231 females and 38 males) participated in the study. The average age of the parents was 30.6±6.9 years (range: 18-62 years). 118 parents (43.9%) graduated from middle-high school, 109 parents (40.5%) were primary school graduates, 33 parents (12.3%) were university graduates, and five parents were illiterate people (1.9%). The parents did not have enough information about nutrition, fluoride therapy, and dental flossing. There was no statistically significant difference between education level and the number of correct answers (p=0.133). As a result, providing accurate and appropriate knowledge to children by their parents will affect oral-dental health positively. Whether it is a child or adolescent, regular periodic education programs for the protection and development of oral and dental health, as well as the contribution of the school and the family, are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Transmission from asymptomatic patients is one of the biggest challenges in controlling the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak because these cases are a potential source for disease spread. Based on this situation, the aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 in asymptomatic pediatric dental patients representing Sivas and surrounding provinces. Methods: The population of the study consists of pediatric patients between the ages of 0-14 who applied to Sivas Oral and Dental Health Hospital General Operating Room for dental treatments between July 2020 and August 2021. Results: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was detected in only 5 patients (approximately 1.80%) out of 278 asymptomatic pediatric patients. Conclusions: It is thought that the COVID-19 infection, which threatens the whole world, can progress asymptomatically in children, and therefore it may be a risk factor for the spread of the infection. To tackle the COVID-19 pandemic, it is recommended to maintain a high level of infection control measures in schools and day-care and to implement widespread testing on a global scale targeting the pediatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Diabetes is closely related to oral and dental health. Several oral diseases and disorders are associated with diabetes. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of face-to-face and non-face-to-face training of oral and dental health behaviors based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: This study was conducted among patients with type 2 diabetes referring to comprehensive health centers in Andimeshk in 2021. One hundred twenty patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups: a face-to- -face (60 patients) training group and a non-face-to-face (60 patients) training group. For the face-to-face training group, training programs were conducted through lectures with questions and answers, group discussions, and videos in three 60-minute sessions; and for the other group through the presentation of patient education pamphlets. The results were collected in two stages before and two months after the intervention using a questionnaire. Then the data were analyzed using a chi-squared test, t-test, and paired t-tests in SPSS Statistics 22.0. Results: A total of 120 patients participated in this study. The patients' mean age was 51.5 ± 8.57 and 51.9 ± 10.1 years in the control and the intervention group, respectively. In both groups, 60% of the participants were female and 95% were married. The duration of diabetes in 57.5% of them was 5-10 years. After the implementation of the intervention, a significant increase was observed in the mean scores of all HBM constructs in the face-to-face training group (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant change in the mean scores of the HBM constructs in the non-face-to-face training group after the intervention (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that the design and implementation of an in-person training program had a positive effect on improving oral and dental health behaviors in patients with diabetes based on the HBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the most important causative factors in the onset of dental caries and periodontal disorders is dental plaque. Mouthwashes and dentifrices, such as toothpaste, are examples of chemical plaque management treatments. Toothpaste is the most widely utilized oral health preventive measure. Dentifrices containing 950 PPM of fluoride have recently been developed as tablets. Tablets are a promising substitute for toothpaste. Aim: This study aimed to compare the plaque removal efficacy of a novel chewable toothpaste tablet and a traditional toothpaste in children aged 6-12 years old. Materials and Methods: A total of 128 children aged 6-12 years old were randomly split into two equal groups, with 64 subjects were given chewable toothpaste tablets and the other 64 received conventional toothpaste. The efficacy of a novel chewable toothpaste tablet with traditional toothpaste was compared, and the modified plaque index was measured at baseline at 0 weeks and after 4 weeks. Results and Discussion: A total of 127 children were evaluated out of a total of 128. Between baseline and 4 weeks, there was a statistically significant difference in mean plaque scores within groups (P = 0.001). At 4 weeks, there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.001) between the chewable tablet and toothpaste groups. Conclusion: Due to the convenience of use for children and the unique type of toothpaste, chewable toothpaste tablets show a higher efficacy of plaque removal than conventional toothpaste. A chewable toothpaste tablet could be a viable alternative to conventional toothpaste for children's oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An update of the systematic review of evidence on the association between amount of sugars intake and dental caries, as well as on the effect of restricting sugars intake to <10% and <5% energy (E) on caries, was conducted, almost 10 y since the review that informed the World Health Organization (WHO) Guideline on Sugars. The aim was to systematically review epidemiological data published from 2011 to 2020 on the amount of sugars consumption and levels of caries and to report the findings for adults and children. Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies reported the amount of sugars and caries, measured as prevalence, incidence, or severity. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Risk of bias was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation tool. Vote counting and harvest plots provided the basis for evidence synthesis. From 488 new papers identified, 23 studies were eligible: 4 cohort, 1 case-controlled, 12 cross-sectional, and 6 ecological. Eleven of 15 studies in children and 6 of 8 studies in adults reported at least 1 positive association between sugars and caries. Six of 7 studies in children and 4 of 4 studies in adults, with data enabling comparison of caries levels with sugars intakes >10%E and <10%E, showed lower caries when sugars intake was <10%E. Amalgamating with original studies yielded 64 of 78 studies showing at least 1 positive association, 20 of 78 a null association, and 3 of 78 a negative association between sugars and caries. GRADE profiles of new and original cohort data confirmed "moderate-quality" evidence that caries is lower when sugars intake is <10%E. Furthermore, new cohort data upgraded the quality of evidence (from "very low" to "low") for lower caries when free sugars are <5%E. The findings support and strengthen original evidence underpinning the WHO recommendations for sugars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences / Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Meandros Medical & Dental Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increased number of Oral and Dental Health Centers (ODHC) constructed under the Health Transformation Program (HTP) in Turkey meets an important healthcare service requirement. Evenly distribution of these dental services all over the country facilitates public access and allows these services to gain continuity. Accessibility to sufficiently distributed dental service centers increases citizens' physical and also mental well-being, which is the therapeutic aspect of providing such public health services. Service's social contribution is uncountable in terms of health issues for the people of the country. On the other hand, they need quite an amount of financial support. Therefore, authorities in the country, especially health service authorities should consider running a financial performance analysis plan. In the ODHC system, dentists are the main component for keeping the system running to provide interrupted, continuous and regular dental health services. For this reason, in the study, financial performance analyses of existing ODHCs w.r.t the profitability- per dentist were carried out with the help of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Inverse Distance Weighting-IDW analysis technique provided by GIS is used to create several performances distribution maps were produced w.r.t the several factors per dentist which are effective on the financial performance of ODHCs. For the sake of understandability, the two most effective factors and the profitability as target factor are assigned to three primary colors for an effective visual interpretation of the relationship between these most effective factors in terms of profitability per dentist in GIS environment. When the outputs are evaluated, more understandable results on the relationship between the factors affecting the ODHCs' financial performance are obtained by this visualization technique for128 public ODHCs in Turkey, and the importance levels of the variables are then revealed in terms of ODHC's financial performances w.r.t. the locational data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries is one of the widespread diseases of hard dental tissues, especially in childhood. In spite of the fact, that much attention is paid to the issues of development and improvement of the methods of caries prevention, its prevalence and intensity remains high enough. Psycho-emotional, physical and intellectual stress experienced by high school students contribute to the beginning of disease development or exacerbation of chronic pathology. Along with the psycho-emotional stress, the dental health of schoolchildren suffers. Analysis of the indices estimating the state of dental hard tissues revealed a direct correlation between the prevalence and intensity of dental caries and the presence of psycho-emotional tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to evaluate selected dental characteristics during the Middle and Late Neolithic in the area of today's Czech Republic and extending into Lower Austria. Dental caries, antemortem tooth loss, dental wear and periodontal disease provided us with valuable information about dental health. With the help of dental microwear analysis, we were able to evaluate complementary evidence to reconstruct dietary patterns and gain insights into diet evolution of established farmers and herders. The analysed sample was divided into two newly proposed long chronological phases which are derived from frequency occurrence of C14 data as a population proxy: Neolithic B (4900-4000 BC) and Neolithic C (3800-3400 BC). The obtained data were compared with LBK (Neolithic A) and Final Neolithic samples to provide the actual picture of dental characteristics in Neolithic. As observed, the incidence of tooth decay tended to decrease during the Neolithic period in the studied area, while the ratio of the meat component in the diet tended to increase. However, the changes during the post-LBK period did not have a uniform character, as it might seem at first glance; there was high variability in the studied area caused not only by socio-economic changes in society, but these changes seem to reflect the approach to the food consumed. This variability was probably influenced by the chronological and geographical context as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Sağlik Bilimleri Tip Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Backgrounds: Dental and oral health problems in adolescents are increasing in Indonesia, as evidenced by the highest dental health problems of 73.5%. Purpose: To develop an illustrated module on dental health education for adolescents at the Isy Karimah Imtaq Islamic Boarding School, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. Methods: The illustrated module socialization activity was held in September 2022 at Imtaq Shighor Isy Karimah, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java with 30 students as participants. Evaluation is done by giving a pre-test and post-test that has been filled out by the participant. Results: Based on the results of the evaluation, it was found that the average pre-test score was 69.2 while the post-test was 78.8, and the increase in participant knowledge was 6.9. Conclusion: students who participated in the socialization of the illustrated module experienced an increase in dental health knowledge for adolescents at the Islamic Boarding School. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Losing teeth as a result of tooth extraction is a concern since it can affect speech impairment, temporomandibular junction (TMJ) dysfunction, masticatory dysfunction, and psychological disorders, specifically aesthetics. A fixed denture or a removable denture must be made to replace missing teeth in order to preserve the quality of life of the patient. Purpose: to describe the improvement in oral and dental health knowledge that resulted from dental health education about how to care for dentures in the nursing home. Methods: The data collection was done by two surveyors. The sample size for this study was 50 individuals over the age of 50. Under the direction of Jagir Health Centre, Pelangi and Lestari nursing home to educate the elderly about the instruction on how to take care of dentures. For the pre-and post-tests, the participants were required to complete a questionnaire in order to assess how their knowledge of oral and dental health had changed. Results: The presentation on oral and dental health education was mostly grasped by the participants. In comparison to the pre-test rate (58%), the post-test percentage (98%) was higher. Conclusion: This study showed that enhancement of elderly awareness of their oral and dental health condition through dental health education was a successful approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, many people were afraid to go to the dentist, which affected their dental and oral health conditions. Dental cavities may hamper children's growth and development; if this condition continues, it will affect the children's dietary intake, which may impact their quality of life and, if allowed to, cause stunting. Although in this condition, we still have to take preventive precautions with dental health education in school-age children. This required increasing dental health knowledge and understanding of dental disorders, particularly. Purpose: To describe oral and dental health knowledge improved following dental health education at Muhammadiyah 4 Elementary School, which is located in Pucang, Surabaya City, East Java. Methods: Two surveyors were responsible for data collecting. This study's sample size was 105 people ranging from third to fifth grade. The seminar covered dental and oral health via a hybrid method. The participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire form for the pre-and post-test to determine the improvement of oral and dental health knowledge for the dental health education evaluation. Results: Most oral and dental health participants understood the presentation on oral and dental health education. The post-test percentage was higher (89.14%) than the pre-test rate (60.29%). Conclusion: The program findings demonstrated that oral and dental health education with a hybrid method effectively increased elementary school children's understanding of dental and oral health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic oral diseases worldwide. A variety of foods may affect periodontal health. Due to the importance of periodontal health in the old age, this study was designed to investigate the association between carbohydrate intake and periodontal health in the elderly in Amirkola, northern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study is part of the second phase of the Amirkola Health and Ageing Project (AHAP). The evaluated participants included 400 elderly people (200 men and 200 women). Socio-demographic data of all subjects were recorded in the information form. Periodontal status, including plaque index (PI), periodontal disease index (PDI) and Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) were evaluated. Then, the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) was completed in order to receive daily carbohydrates in grams per day for all Participants. Then, the relationship between carbohydrate intake and periodontal health was evaluated. Findings: The participants consumed an average of 316±102.4 gr/day carbohydrates. The mean range of PI, OHI, PDI and in the high carbohydrate intake (>300 gr) group were 2.18±1.39, 2.84±1.51 and 1.51±0.86, respectively, and this rate was lower than the group with low carbohydrate intake (<300 gr) (1.96±1.52, 2.56±1.53 and 1.37±0.91), but the difference between the two groups was not significant. Conclusion: In the present study, there was no relationship between periodontal health indices and carbohydrate intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carious lesions that do not be treated, becomes infected and inflamed, leading to irreversible pulpitis. One of the treatments for irreversible pulpitis is root canal treatment. In root canal treatment can cause flare-ups. Purpose: Obtaining a data base on flare-ups with a diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis at RSKGMP and obtaining a picture of flare-ups in irreversible pulpitis based on root canal preparation techniques, root canal irrigation materials, root canal dressing materials, and root canal obturation techniques. Methods: The study used was a descriptive observational study with a study design cross sectional in patients with a diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis who had received root canal treatment at the UPF Dental Conservation RSKGMP University of Airlangga in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Results: A total of 14 patients (28%) of 50 patients experienced (flare-up). Conclusion: The incidence flare-ups of root canal treatment in irreversible pulpitis at RSKGMP University of Airlangga is 28%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the angle and radius of root canal curvature on the resistance to cyclic fatigue of ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and NRT (Mani, Toshigi-Ken, Japan) rotary nickel-titanium instruments. Methods: One hundred and sixty files were rotated until fracture in simulated canals of 60° and 45° angles of curvature with two different radii (5.0 and 2.5 mm), using a custom-made testing platform. The number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated and statistical analysis was carried out using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P ≤ 0.05) and Bonferroni's post-hoc test. Scanning electron microscope analysis was done to assess fractured files. Results: The NRT system showed a higher mean NCF when compared to ProTaper Next, when the angle of curvature was 60° or 45° in both 5.0 mm and 2.5 mm radii. Statistically significant differences were found between the NCF mean values of NRT and ProTaper Next, when the radius was 5.0 mm, however no significant differences were found when the radius was 2.5 mm. Conclusions: It was concluded that when the angle of root canal curvature increased and the radius decreased, the cyclic fatigue resistance of NRT and ProTaper Next files decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condition of dental erosion is defined as acid-related loss of tooth structure which does not involve microorganisms. Depending on the origin of the acid, extrinsic (usually caused by acids in food) and intrinsic (caused by endogenous acid) erosion can be distinguished. The presence and severity of erosive defects depend on various parameters such as nutrition, saliva, general diseases, and mechanical stress by abrasion and attrition. As an example, dietary habits which involve frequent intake of acidic food and beverages, occupational acid exposure, as well as certain drugs or diseases that affect saliva flow rate are accompanied by an increased risk of erosive dental hard tissue defects. By a thorough clinical examination and an accurate anamnesis, various erosion-related risk factors can be identified and strategies to reduce or eliminate these factors be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to assess the characteristics of malocclusion and determine the orthodontic treatment needs of a group of children with Down syndrome. The study group comprised 23 children aged 10–14 years with Down syndrome who were attending special schools. A clinical examination was performed to measure several parameters that assessed malocclusion as well as classifications based on the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTNDC). When the dental health component (DHC) of the IOTN-DC was considered, results showed that a high percentage of children involved in the current study needed orthodontic treatment (81.9%). Moreover, 59.1% showed Angle’s class-III malocclusion compared to 36.4% who showed class I. However, the differences between the IOTN-DC values for the boys and girls were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The present study has concluded that a higher percentage of children, suffering from Down syndrome, had very severe malocclusion; therefore, treatment can be considered mandatory. Similarly, more than three-fourths of the children with Down syndrome had visited a dental clinic at least once during their life. However, 30.4% of the children’s mothers have mentioned that they had not visited any orthodontic clinic. Therefore, there is a need to develop awareness and knowledge among the parents of children suffering from Down syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to quantify the excess risk of interaction between high free sugars (sugars) intake and lack of exposure to water fluoridation on child dental caries. Data from the Australian National Child Oral Health Study, a population-based survey of 24,664 children aged 5 to 14 y, were collected using parental questionnaires and oral epidemiological examinations by trained examiners. Information on socioeconomic status, dental health behaviors, and dental service use was used as covariates. The number of servings of sugars-containing foods and drinks consumed in a usual day was assessed as the main exposure, categorized into 5 groups. Residential history was used to calculate lifetime exposure to fluoridated water (LEFW), categorized as low (<25%), medium (25% to <75%), or high (75%–100%). Caries prevalence (dmfs/DMFS >0) and experience (dmfs/DMFS) in the primary (ages 5–10 y) and permanent (ages 8–14 y) dentitions were the main dependent variables. The association of sugars intake and LEFW with each outcome was estimated in multivariable log-Poisson regression models with robust standard error estimation, adjusted for covariates. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) between sugars intake and LEFW was estimated. Strong positive gradients in all outcomes were observed across sugars intake groups. Relative to the lowest intake group, the 3 highest intake groups had significantly higher adjusted prevalence ratios for having caries and higher adjusted mean ratios of caries experience in both dentitions, after controlling for all covariates. LEFW strongly and consistently attenuated the effects of all levels of sugars intake on the outcomes. RERI estimates indicated that a combination of lack of exposure to fluoridated water and high sugars intake resulted in greater excess risk of primary and permanent caries than if there was no interaction. Evidently, children with high sugars intakes and low exposure to water fluoridation are at disproportionately higher risk of dental caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malocclusion is one of dental health problem that may affect the oral health in adolescences. The dental health education delivered is expected to be able to change the dental health behaviour of individuals or communities from unhealthy to healthy behaviour. Purpose: To increase knowledge of oral health, especially the level of knowledge of malocclusion by means of empowerment of dental health knowledge at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum Melirang Junior High School, Gresik. Methods: A total of 100 junior high school children from grade tenth, eleventh, twelfth were included in the study. Data was collected by instructing participants to fill out a pre-test questionnaire on Google drive, then a teledentistry was conducted and ended by filling out a post-test questionnaire to determine the increase in oral health knowledge for evaluation of dental health empowerment. Results: The main level of knowledge of dental and oral health is good (50%), moderate (40%) and low (10%). Knowledge about dental malocclusion is only 40% who have good knowledge about malocclusion, others are low enough to reach 20% knowledge and other respondents have moderate 40%. After the dental health empowerment program, the knowledge of the participant regarding the oral health was enhanced. Conclusion: the dental and oral health empowerment was performed successfully that increased the level of knowledge of children and teachers is still less than optimal about knowledge of malocclusion, so it is necessary to carry out socialization actions regarding the impact of malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A high degree of training is necessary to prepare student nurses for their roles as oral healthcare partners that can promote a holistic approach to health in the community. This study aims to determine the extent of oral health education in Australian and Malaysian nursing institutions, as well as investigate educators' perceptions of education and practice in this area of care. Methodology: An audio‐recorded, semi‐structured qualitative phone interview was conducted with the heads of 42 nursing schools across Australia (n = 35) and Malaysia (n = 7) during the 2015 academic year. Qualitative data were analysed via thematic analysis. Quantitative data, wherever appropriate, were measured for frequencies. Results: The response rate was 34.2% (n = 12) and 71.4% (n = 5) for the Australian and Malaysian subjects, respectively. Findings revealed that although all the nursing schools measured provided didactic and clinical training in oral health, curriculum content, expected learning outcomes, amount of clinical exposure and assessment approach lacked consistency. Most nursing educators across both countries perceived an overloaded curriculum as a barrier to providing oral health education. Whilst educators demonstrated their support for training in this area of care, they expressed the need for an established national guideline that highlights the educational requirement for future nurses in oral health maintenance and their scope of practice. Conclusion: This study provides valuable information for further developing oral health education for nurses, to improve their competency and ultimately the health of the communities that they will serve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe parental perceptions of general health, oral health and received dental health care in Swedish children with Down syndrome (DS). Online questionnaire, quantitative data analysis (Chi-square test). Parents of 101 children with DS (52 boys, 49 girls, mean age: 9.6 years) participated. Seventy percent rated their child's general health and 74% their child's oral health as good or very good. Parents, who rated their child's oral health as poor (8%), also reported that dental procedures were difficult. Children received dental care at general (55%) and specialist clinics (53%). Ninety-four percent of parents of children receiving specialist dental health care were satisfied compared to 70% of parents with children in general clinics. The parents most valued characteristics of dental professionals were patience (63%) and their ability to engage the child (68%). Parents wanted multidisciplinary collaboration. Most parents rated their child's general and oral health as good or very good. Children with poor oral health were also reported to have difficulties coping with dental procedures. Parents wanted dental care to be tailored to meet their child's unique needs. They wanted dental professionals to have knowledge about children with a need for special care. Lastly, they requested multidisciplinary collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although diabetes care guidelines recommend paying attention to oral health, the effect on daily practice has been limited, and patients with diabetes have yet to benefit. We investigated whether implementation of an oral care protocol for general practitioners (GPs [family physicians]) can improve patient-centered outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Twenty-four GP offices were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group (12 offices each). In the experimental group, GPs and nurse practitioners implemented an oral care protocol. No extra attention was given to oral health in the control group. The primary outcome parameter was oral health-related quality of life (QoL) assessed with the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile at baseline and 1 year later. Other outcomes were self-reported oral health complaints and general health-related QoL (36-item Short Form Health Survey).Results: Of 764 patients with type 2 diabetes, 543 (71.1%) completed the 1-year follow-up. More patients reported improved oral health-related QoL in the experimental group (35.2%) compared to the control group (25.9%) (P = .046; Padj = .049). In a secondary post hoc analysis including GP offices with ≥60% patient follow-up (n = 18), improvement was 38.3% and 24.9%, respectively (P and Padj = .011). Improvement of self-reported oral health complaints did not differ between groups. The intervention had no effect on general health-related QoL, with the exception of the concept scale score for changes in health over time (Padj = .033).Conclusions: Implementation of an oral care protocol in primary diabetes care improved oral health-related QoL in patients with type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decreases in masticatory function are believed to be related to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through inappropriate nutritional intake. This study focused on maximum bite force (MBF), which is an objective, quantitative index of masticatory function, and its association with the development of CVD (stroke and coronary heart disease) was investigated. The subjects were 1547 participants of the Suita study with no history of CVD who underwent medical and dental health examinations between June 2008 and June 2013. In addition to undergoing a basic physical examination at baseline, their MBF was measured. They subsequently underwent follow-up surveys for the development of CVD (mean follow-up, 3.5 years). The association between baseline MBF and the development of CVD was investigated by multivariate adjustment using a Cox proportional hazards model. CVD developed in 32 subjects during follow-up. The trend test showed a significant association between baseline MBF and CVD in a model that combined men and women. When analysed by sex, the trend test found a significant association between baseline MBF and CVD in women. Low MBF, which is an objective and quantitative index of masticatory function, may be a risk factor for the development of CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This qualitative study aimed to explore psychosocial barriers and enablers to accessing dental services for people with clinically severe obesity (PwCSO). Eight focus groups were conducted by one researcher with 40 adult participants at the Adult Healthy Weight Clinic within a hospital‐based obesity service. Thematic analysis of focus group transcripts was performed to reveal insights relating to how PwCSO experience dental care and view oral health. A total of 11 participants were male, 29 female, all between the ages of 23 to 74 (mean age of 50). The body mass index of participants ranged from 31.6 to 84.6 kg/m2. The results highlighted four key themes, including "disempowerment to act to improve oral health", "weight‐related stigma and discrimination", "unpredictability of the dental environment" and a "lack of tailored services for PwCSO". A number of subthemes were identified, which reflect the six categories of barriers to access from the disability literature: availability, affordability, acceptability, accommodation, accessibility and appropriateness. These were explored to further appreciate the unique psychosocial considerations for this group. This study concluded that PwCSO face significant barriers to accessing dental services across all six categories highlighted in the disability literature. The study findings provide valuable patient‐based information regarding the psychosocial barriers to accessing dental services, which are relevant for all healthcare professionals. The study reflected an increased need for promotion of the dentist's role in obesity management and obesity‐related dental training, including familiarization with the biopsychosocial domains of obesity to reduce weight related stigma and discrimination, as an area for further study. The findings also guide the design of Specialized Bariatric Dental Services in the future, with a focus on enablers to access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Oral dysfunction is a common adverse event of treatment and may affect oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aimed to identify factors associated with OHRQoL in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) within the first three months posttreatment. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined OSCC patients who received treatment from the outpatient radiation department of a single cancer center in northern Taiwan. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, and patients were assessed using the Self-Care Behaviors Scale (SCB), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) questionnaires. Results: Among 148 OSCC patients, 11.5% reported being underweight and 70.3% reported normal weight. The most common self-care factors associated with adverse effects were decreased appetite and fatigue. Psychological disability, functional limitation, and physical pain were the most negative OHRQoL factors. Poor OHRQoL was associated with more severe adverse effects after self-care behaviors, using feeding tubes during treatment, and having BMI less than 25, which together explained 33.5% of the variance in OHRQoL. Conclusions: The severity of adverse effects after self-care behaviors and using feeding tubes during treatment strongly influenced overall OHRQoL and seven specific dimensions of OHRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing the quality of primary healthcare services in southern senatorial district of Cross River State, Nigeria. Materials and Method: A cross sectional descriptive study design with both qualitative and quantitative method of data collection was used. Donabedian’s structure, process and outcome model guided the research protocol. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from Cross River State Ministry of Health Ethics Committee. Two semi-structured questionnaires and a Focus Group Discussion Guide were used for data collection. Four hundred and eighty clients and 144 healthcare providers from 12 primary healthcare centres in the study area were selected by simple random sampling method. Statistical package for social sciences version 20.0 was used to analyze the quantitative data while thematic coding was used to analyse the qualitative data. Results: The major structure factors mitigating the quality of care as observed by the healthcare providers include insufficient manpower 58(40.28%), lack of basic amenities (light, water supply and good road) 58(40.28%), insufficient equipment 26(18.06%), insecurity and communal crises 22(15.28%). The perceptions of the clients were similar to that of the healthcare providers. In terms of process factors; poor attitude of some healthcare providers and clients was the main response of healthcare professionals. The qualitative results were similar to that of quantitative. All the basic primary health care services (including health education, health promotion, environmental sanitation, immunization, reproductive health, nutrition, HIV/AIDS and oral care) were provided in the selected health centres except mental health. Conclusions: The quality of healthcare services in the southern senatorial district, Cross River State, Nigeria, is affected by structure and process factors of the Donabedian’s model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have become the preferred method of skeletal anchorage in new-age orthodontics. Despite the remarkable success of mini implants in orthodontic treatment results, mini implants' stability remains a vital issue that has to be resolved, due to the fact that failure rates are broadly variable and might be up to 25%. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of the diameter, implant bone surface contact, thickness of cortical bone, and implant insertion sites on mini implant stability using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Materials and Method: CBCT of the dry skull was obtained. Buccal and lingual cortical plates of the maxillary and mandibular jaws were measured at 6 mm from the coronal part of the alveolar bone. After placing the implants, the stability was measured using resonance frequency analysis. Results: In the maxillary arch, Pearson correlation showed significant correlation of instability of the implant with the width of the buccal cortical plate and lingual cortical plate and implant contact surface area. In mandibular arch, Pearson correlation showed no significant effect of buccal/lingual cortical plate width, and implant surface contact area in primary stability of varied sized, mini implants. Conclusion: Statistically significant increases in the primary stability of mini implants with an increase in the implant bone contact surface area were found in the maxilla. In the mandible, no significant increase in mini implant stability was found with an increase in the implant contact surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cleft lip and palate are the most common congenital craniofacial defects, which need early intervention with a multidisciplinary approach including surgeons, orthodontists, speech therapists, pedodontists, etc. Craniofacial growth is affected the most, leading to marked skeletal discrepancies. Constricted maxillary arch is one of the reasons for faulty occlusal inclined planes which results in abnormal loading of condyles, thus leading to temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in cleft. Condylar head inclination helps to evaluate the position of condyle in the glenoid fossa. Thus, changing the position of condylar head in the glenoid fossa at an early age prevents further worsening of TMD condition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate condylar inclination in individuals with cleft lip and palate and compare it with non-cleft individuals. Method: The study comprised of 40 subjects aged between 9 and 12 years, divided into 4 groups (10 in each)--unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), and class III and class I malocclusion. Scanned three-dimensional digital volume tomography (3D-DVT) images were taken, and condylar head inclination was evaluated and compared. Result: Significant findings were obtained when group 1 was compared to group 2, group 3, and group 4 (P-value = .001). Also, when group 2 was compared to group 3 and group 4, the values were statistically significant with P-value = .001. Conclusion: Condylar head inclination was found to be most anteriorly angulated in the class III group compared to all the other groups. Unilateral cleft lip and palate had more anteriorly angulated condyle than bilateral cleft lip and palate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The nose is considered by some clinicians as the keystone of facial aesthetics. A treatment plan can be customized to intensify the facial aesthetics of a patient through careful evaluation of the soft tissue drape. Hence, for getting a better outcome of the treatment plan, orthodontists are supposed to have in-depth knowledge and awareness of soft tissue changes, taking into notice the ethnic and racial variation in discrete cohorts. The objective of this study is to enlist the relationship of nasal morphology with different dentoskeletal (sagittal and vertical) patterns. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive electronic database search was performed till July 2020, of Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and ScienceDirect. Only articles published in the English language were included. After excluding all the irrelevant data through careful screening, a total of 15 articles were selected which discussed the nose-dentoskeletal pattern relation. Results and Conclusion: The nose is found to be convex in skeletal class II, straight in class I, and concave in class III. Those with increased vertical growth may have an increased tendency of a convex nasal dorsum. Maxillary and mandibular jaw length affect the nasal parameters more than the jaw position. Nasal length and nasal depth increase with the jaw length and mandibular and maxillary/palatal-plane inclination to the cranium. A long nose with increased nasal depth is expected in long faces and those with long upper and lower jaws. An upturned nose is found with an anticlockwise-rotated maxilla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Healthcare public health Health services must address the needs of the population in a safe and equitable manner. It spans all three pillars of public health: health improvement, healthcare public health and health protection. Forthcoming reforms in England In light of the forthcoming health and social care reform,[2] and the decision by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care to abolish Public Health England, it is helpful to review the scope of DPH and reflect on how we can best support population oral health nationally. Keywords: public health; informaion EN public health informaion 91 96 6 04/02/21 20210401 NES 210401 Are you resilient when faced with constant change?. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The Clinical Oral Disorder in Elders (CODE) index was proposed in 1999 to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of older people who typically were edentate or had few natural teeth. Since then, more people are retaining natural teeth into old age and have oral disorders similar to younger adults. In addition, there has been further guidance on screening for disease that includes changes to the clinical indicators of several oral disorders and greater sensitivity to people's concerns about their oral health and care needs.Methods: Experts in dental geriatrics assembled at a satellite symposium of the International Association of Dental Research in June 2019 to revise the objectives and content of the CODE index. Before the symposium, 139 registrants were asked for comments on the CODE index, and 11 content experts summarised current evidence and assembled reference lists of relevant information on each indicator. The reference lists provided the base for a narrative review of relevant evidence supplemented by reference tracking and direct searches of selected literature for additional evidence.Results: Analysis of the evidence by consensus of the experts produced the Clinical Oral Disorders in Adults Screening Protocol (CODA-SP).Conclusions: The CODA-SP encompasses multiple domains of physical and subjective indicators with weighted severity scores. Field tests are required now to validate its effectiveness and utility in oral healthcare services, outcomes and infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]