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A cross-sectional survey among religious brothers and sisters (n = 250) with their specific lifestyle and related spiritual practices stated moments of awe perceptions. They responded to both the Awe/Gratitude scale and to free text fields to substantiate their quantitative responses. Qualitative content analysis of their free text responses resulted in six main categories of awe triggers: (1) Nature, (2) Special Moments, (3) Transcendence Perceptions, (4) Religious practices, (5) Distinct People, and (6) Aesthetics, Art and Culture. Awe perceptions can be an immediate feeling and the outcome of a process of reflection in response to admiration, inspiration, and elevation. As these perceptions are related to psychological well-being and prosocial behaviors, their training can generate positive effects on quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses oral history sources that give insight into how a specific group of teaching sisters (also known as nuns or women religious) reflect on their primary identity as vowed women, and their professional identity as teachers. Their identity was bound up with the fact that they had taken religious vows, and entered a congregation with a clear charism or identity of its own, and they each had their own understanding of vocation. The article also considers the different ways in which they became involved in education; some did not chose to become teachers, while others had a clear desire to teach. The article also discusses the impact of the changes that followed the Second Vatican Council, and notes how these changes impacted upon some of the women in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the communication behavior of children with Down syndrome at the Bakti Luhur Kupang orphanage. The role of nuns in caring for and educating children with Down syndrome is different from children with Down syndrome who are cared for directly by their parents. This research uses qualitative research methods with interviews, observation, and documentation data collection techniques. The research results also show that the role of nuns as caregivers in increasing the independence of children with Down syndrome at the Bakti Luhur orphanage is to educate, guide, develop, motivate, be role models, advise, and train children. The research results also show that the independence of children with Down syndrome increases in the aspects of self-help and self-care and general independence in daily living skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defining successful aging continues to be a challenge, given the more recent transition from a bioscientific definition to a more comprehensive and holistic perspective. The holistic perspective may include more subjective aspects of aging. Research has shown that certain factors, such as lifestyle practices of spirituality, religious practice, meditation, communal support, and purposeful living, may be as influential as genetic factors in helping aging adults diminish age-related limitations. Spirituality and religiosity as lifestyle practice resources may assist older adults to mitigate the circumstances of chronic disease and positively impact aging, life quality, and well-being. Religious and/or spiritual communities, such as Women Religious and other clergy and monks, may provide insight into specific practices that promote social exchanges, life meaning, meditative practice, daily prayer, belief in the divine, communal living, and homogeneity of lifestyle that ultimately promote successful aging and resiliency into older age. Research has shown that lifestyle factors may mitigate diseases such as Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia in older age. The population of older adults has grown consistently on a global level since the turn of the century. This article review seeks to examine aging and emphasize, through research, which lifestyle practices and communities may impact the experience of aging in a more beneficial manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphor‐zentrierte Disbiradikale, in denen die Radikalzentren als einzelne Spin‐Dubletts mit schwacher Spin‐Spin‐Wechselwirkung vorliegen, waren bisher nicht bekannt. Ausgehend von Monoradikalen des Typs [⋅P(μ‐NTer)2P−R] ist es uns nun gelungen, zwei monoradikalische Phosphorzentren durch geeignete Wahl eines Linkers zu verknüpfen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde das Biradikal [⋅P(μ‐NTer)2P⋅] (1) mit 1,6‐Dibromhexan umgesetzt, wodurch die bromierte Spezies {Br[P(μ‐NTer)]2}2C6H12 (3) entstand. Die anschließende Reduktion mit KC8 führte zur Bildung des Disbiradikals {⋅[P(μ‐NTer)]2}2C6H12 (4), das sich durch einen großen Abstand zwischen den radikalischen Phosphorzentren im Festkörper auszeichnet und mit annähernd 100 % den bisher höchsten Biradikalcharakter in einem P‐zentrierten Biradikal aufweist. Die EPR‐spektroskopische Untersuchung ergab ein Drei‐Linien‐Signal in Lösung mit einer erheblich größeren Austauschwechselwirkung als es aufgrund der Molekülstruktur im Einkristall zu erwarten wäre. Quantenchemische Berechnungen ergaben einen hochdynamischen Konformationsraum; demnach können sich die beiden Radikalstellen in Lösung mit einem viel geringeren Abstand einander nähern. Die weitere Reduktion von 4 führte zur Bildung eines Kaliumsalzes mit dem ersten strukturell charakterisierten P‐zentrierten distonischen Radikalanion (5−). Außerdem konnte 4 für die Aktivierung kleiner Moleküle eingesetzt werden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I contextualise and explain the restriction of what I term 'trans potential' in later hagiography on the Spanish visionary abbess Mother Juana de la Cruz (1481–1534). The first written work on Juana included a functionally transmasculine narrative (Juana passed briefly as a man) and a functionally transfeminine narrative (God miraculously feminised the previously male Juana prior to her birth, leaving her with an Adam's apple). In later works, the transmasculine narrative appears significantly modified, and the transfeminine narrative does not appear at all. These textual reformulations, I conclude, are most legible within the framework of transmisogyny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leonor de Lencastre was the wife of King João II of Portugal and the sister of his successor, Manuel I. Both she and her mother Beatriz participated in high politics and the government of the realm, administered vast territories, and managed considerable fortunes. They also founded convents of Poor Clares –one of Colettines, the other of Observants of the First Rule– where they chose to be buried in graves dug into the ground covered by stone slabs over which the nuns passed in their daily tasks as a sign of humility. In this article, I analyse the demanding religious practice and pious works of Leonor and Beatriz which inspired other women of their entourage, including Leonor's sister Isabel and Justa Rodrigues. The exemplary dedication of Leonor and Beatriz led these other women to found female religious houses or join those founded by them, and to lead austere lives that contrasted with their privileged social origins. This demanding practice was not shared by all, however, and I also analyse the case of Isabel de Sousa, another noblewoman of Beatriz's household, who opted for a different way to be commemorated and attain salvation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anastomotic leakage (AL) remains the main cause of post-esophagectomy morbidity and mortality. Early detection can avoid sepsis and reduce morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of the Nun score and its components as early detectors of AL. This single-center observational cohort study included all esophagectomies from 2010 to 2020. C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (Alb), and white cell count (WCC) were analyzed and NUn scores were calculated. The area under the curve statistic (AUC) was used to assess their predictive accuracy. A total of 74 of the 668 patients (11%) developed an AL. CRP and the NUn-score proved to be good diagnostic accuracy tests on postoperative day (POD) 2 (CRP AUC: 0.859; NUn score AUC: 0.869) and POD 4 (CRP AUC: 0.924; NUn score AUC: 0.948). A 182 mg/L CRP cut-off on POD 4 yielded a 87% sensitivity, 88% specificity, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 47.7%. A NUn score cut-off > 10 resulted in 92% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 99% NPV, and 68% PPV. Albumin and WCC have limited value in the detection of post-esophagectomy AL. Elevated CRP and a high NUn score on POD 4 provide high accuracy in predicting AL after esophageal cancer surgery. Their high negative predictive value allows to select patients who can safely proceed with enhanced recovery protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the 17th century, the community of Sancti Spiritus de Puente la Reina (Navarra) was altered by the development of a criminal process against the community's perpetual vicar. His arrival prompted changes that affected the daily lives of these nuns and generated factions and internal instability. The study of this process allows us to analyse the power dynamics that converged, evolved and manoeuvred in a context of tension. Also, it provides information about the possible motivations of the opposing parties and the resources they used to defend their own objectives. Apparently, due to inadequacy of spiritual relationships, a faction of the community denounced these shortcomings. Ultimately, the confession will be used as an argument to defend the ways of life to which this group of women was accustomed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we collect the first data elaborated from the Moncat database that gathers data of 9,800 religious who professed between 1850 and 1936 from a systematic emptying of the population registers of Catalonia. From these data we reconstruct the geography of the origin of nuns in Catalonia, the relationship between origin and congregations, the origin of the nuns according to whether they were cities with or without a diocese and the average length of stay in the convents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arylglycine sind wichtige Pharmakophore, die in mehreren umsatzstarken Medikamenten enthalten sind. Diese Verbindungsklasse wurde nun durch eine Pd‐katalysierte Schöllkopf‐ähnliche Aminosäuresynthese aus reichlich vorhandenen Arylchloriden zugänglich gemacht. In Gegenwart des Katalysators Methylnaphthyl(XPhos)‐Palladiumbromid, der Base Lithium‐2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpyrrolididid und des Additivs ZnCl2 wurden von tert‐Leucin abgeleitete Bislactimether bei Raumtemperatur effizient aryliert, wobei Ausbeuten von 95 % und Diastereoselektivitäten von 98 : 2 erreicht wurden. Die Hydrolyse ergab die entsprechenden Arylglycine in hohem Enantiomerenüberschuss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Erweiterung der chemischen Vielfalt von Peptid‐Makrozyklenbibliotheken für die Display‐Selektion ist wünschenswert, um ihr Potenzial zur Bindung an biomolekulare Ziele zu verbessern. Wir haben nun eine erhebliche Erweiterung durch die Einbeziehung eines großen, aromatischen helikalen Foldamers umgesetzt. Es wurde ein helikales aromatisches Foldamer identifiziert, welches eine Flexizym‐vermittelte tRNA‐Acylierung durchläuft und in der Lage ist, die ribosomale Translation mit Ausbeuten durchzuführen, die ausreichend hoch sind, um eine mRNA‐Display‐Selektion von makrozyklischen‐Foldamer‐Peptid‐Hybriden zu vollziehen. Ein hybrider Makrozyklus mit nanomolarer Affinität an C‐lobe der E6AP HECT‐Domäne wurde ausgewählt, der eine stark konvergente Peptidsequenz aufwies. Eine Kristallstruktur und Moleküldynamik‐Simulationen haben gezeigt, dass sowohl das Peptid als auch das Foldamer in einer faszinierenden, reziproken Heftklammer‐artigen Art helikal sind. Die starke Konvergenz der Reste könnte durch ihre Beteiligung an spezifischen Wechselwirkungen mit dem Zielprotein erklärt werden. Das Foldamer stabilisiert die Peptidhelix durch Heftklammern und durch Kontakte mit wesentlichen Resten. Diese Ergebnisse stellen insgesamt eine erhebliche Erweiterung des chemischen Raums dar, der für die Display‐Selektion zur Verfügung steht, und unterstreichen die möglichen Vorteile des Einfügens eines aromatischen Foldamers in einen Peptidmakrozyklus zum Zwecke der Proteinerkennung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Buddhist Historiography in China" by John Kieschnick is a thought-provoking book that explores the importance of historiography in Buddhism. The book is organized around six themes, each discussed in a short chapter, and examines how Buddhist historians in China dealt with various aspects of history, such as the birth and death dates of the Buddha, discrepancies in sources, the role of karma, and the inclusion of prophecies. Kieschnick argues that a distinctly Buddhist historiography is now a thing of the past, absorbed by modern academic historiography. The book raises important questions about what counts as history and the inclusion/exclusion of certain perspectives, such as monastic gazetteers and the history of nuns. Overall, "Buddhist Historiography in China" is an engaging and productive contribution to the field of religious historiography. [Extracted from the article]

Deazaflavine sind wichtige Analoga der natürlich vorkommenden Flavine, Riboflavin, Flavinmononukleotid (FMN) und Flavin‐Adenin‐Dinukleotid (FAD). Durch Austausch des natürlichen Kofaktors mit dem entsprechenden 5‐Deazaflavin konnten in einer Reihe von Flavoproteinen wichtige Erkenntnisse zum Reaktionsmechanismus gewonnen sowie deren Reaktivität beeinflusst werden. Es wurde häufig beobachtet, dass Ein‐Elektronentransfer‐Reaktionen in Flavoproteinen mit 5‐Deazaflavin als Kofaktor eingeschränkt sind. Hieraus wurde gefolgert, dass der im Vergleich mit dem entsprechenden Flavinsemichinon geringeren Stabilität des 5‐Deazaflavin‐Radikals rasch ablaufende Reoxidations‐ und Disproportionierungsreaktionen zugrunde liegen. Das vermeintliche Paradigma, wonach 5‐Deazaflavin lediglich als Zwei‐Elektronen‐ bzw. Hydrid‐Akzeptor/Donor fungiert, sozusagen ein "nicotinamide in flavin clothing" darstellt, muss nun durch die unter biologisch relevanten Reaktionsbedingungen erfolgte indirekte Beobachtung einer einfach reduzierten (paramagnetischen) Spezies mit Hilfe der 1H‐photo‐CIDNP‐NMR (photo‐CIDNP: photo‐chemisch induzierte dynamische Kernpolarisation) neu bewertet werden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kürzlich berichteten wir, dass α‐metallierte Ylide einen Phosphan‐CO‐Ligandenaustausch eingehen und darüber Zugang zu isolierbaren Ketenylanion liefern. Systematische Studien an Tosyl‐substituierten Yldiiden der Form R3P=C(M)Ts (M=Li, Na, K) zeigen nun, dass die Carbonylierung auch zu einer konkurrierenden Metallsalzeliminierung (MTs) führen kann. Diese Nebenreaktion kann durch die Wahl des Phosphans, des Metallkations, des Lösungsmittels und der Zugabe geeigneter Coliganden kontrolliert werden, was die selektive Isolierung des Ketenylanions [Ts−CCO]M (2‐M) ermöglicht. Die Komplexierung von 2‐Na durch Kronenethern oder Kryptanden ermöglichte zudem die Strukturaufklärung des ersten freien Ketenylanions [Ts−CCO], welches eine annähernd lineare S−C−O‐Einheit aufweist, was auf einen höheren Anteil der Ynolat‐Grenzstruktur hindeutet. DFT‐Studien zeigen jedoch eine hohe negative Ladung am Ketenylkohlenstoff, was sich in der selektiven Reaktivität am C1‐Atom widerspiegelt. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Informationen über die Selektivitätskontrolle der Carbonylierung von α‐metallierten Ylide, was für künftige Anwendungen unabdingbar ist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific study of psychedelic, religious, spiritual, and mystical (PRSM) experiences can be advanced by applying culturally inclusive qualitative methodologies that illuminate the breadth and depth of individual experiences in a variety of contexts. To enrich the common core thesis of mysticism and offer insights that could contribute more generally to bridging the gap between psychedelic and religious experiences, the current study used a phenomenological approach to explore the structure and content of mystical experiences among Daoist practitioners. The sample included 19 highly experienced Daoist monks and nuns. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with orienting questions that were adapted from the theoretical framework of the modified common core thesis, which taps into eight broad categories of mystical experience (i.e. ego loss, timelessness and spaceless, unity, inner subjectivity, positive affect, sacredness, noetic quality, and ineffability). Thematic coding suggested two clusters of Daoist experiences, one featuring a group of themes comprising dissolution of self, unitary experiences, and bodily sensations, and the other group of themes including egress of spirit and resonance with divinities and spirits. The derived themes corresponded to some prescriptions of the common core thesis, yet extended the theory with unique themes – egress of spirit and bodily sensations – that connect introvertive, extrovertive, and interpretive mysticisms. We draw on ideas found in Daoist canons and scriptures to provide a contextualized discussion of the findings, and highlight some of the ways that the findings contribute to expanding the common core thesis to a broader range of PRSM experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Synthese von elementarem Fluor auf rein chemischem Weg ist spektakulär und galt länger als ein Jahrhundert als unmöglich. Im Jahr 1986 war man schließlich erfolgreich. Seitdem wurde diese wichtige Reaktion nicht weiter untersucht und ihr detaillierter Mechanismus blieb ein Rätsel. Die ursprüngliche Hypothese eines thermodynamisch instabilen MnF4, welches sich spontan zu einem Manganfluorid niedrigerer Oxidationsstufe und elementarem Fluor zersetzt, wird durch die bekannte thermische Stabilität von MnF4 in Frage gestellt. Diese scheinbare Diskrepanz konnte nun experimentell und durch quantenchemische Rechnungen aufgeklärt werden. Die reduktive Eliminierung von F2 aus MnF4 erfordert einen großen Überschuss an SbF5. Sie findet im letzten Reaktionsschritt statt, wenn sich an das Zwischenprodukt [SbF6][MnF2][Sb2F11] ein weiteres SbF5‐Molekül unter Bildung eines weiteren tridentaten [Sb2F11]−‐Anions anlagert. Die beiden [Sb2F11]−‐Anionen stellen dem Mn‐Atom so sechs verbrückende F‐Atome zur Verfügung und ermöglichen damit die reduktive Eliminierung der beiden terminalen Fluoridoliganden als F2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Verteilung von Ladungen innerhalb pH‐responsiver Wirkstoffträger beeinflusst nachweislich die Effizienz der Freisetzung, ist aber schwer zu kontrollieren und zu verifizieren. Wir stellen nun polyampholytische Nanogel‐in‐Mikrogel Kolloide (NiM−C) vor und zeigen, dass die Anordnung der Nanogele (NG) abhängig von den Synthesebedingungen ist. Dazu wurden pH‐responsive Polyelektrolyt‐NG durch Fällungspolymerisation synthetisiert und mit Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen markiert. Die NG wurden dann durch inverse Emulsionspolymerisation mittels tropfenbasierter Mikrofluidik in Mikrogel‐Netzwerke (MG) integriert. Mit konfokaler Laser‐Scanning‐Mikroskopie (CLSM) wurde nachgewiesen, dass, je nach NG‐Konzentration, pH‐Wert und Ionenstärke, NiM−C mit unterschiedlichen NG‐Anordnungen, wie Janus‐artiger Phasentrennung, statistischer Verteilung und Kern‐Schale‐Architektur, erhalten werden. Unser Ansatz ist ein Meilenstein auf dem Weg zum simultanen Transport entgegengesetzt geladener Moleküle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considers recent arguments about the choirbook Verona, Biblioteca Capitolare, Ms. dccxli , and a convent in the city where it resides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the differences in psychological functioning between nuns and those who left the order and the changes in personality in persevering nuns along the religious life timeline. Data were collected at two time points seven years apart. A total of 103 nuns participated in the research at Time 1; 45 left the order, and 29 participated in the study at Time 2. The MMPI-2 and Cattell's 16PF-5 were utilised. The results indicated the absence of profound deviations from the norm in the persevering and non-persevering groups. The non-persevering group reported more favourable self-presentation and contentment with life than the persevering group. Significant differences were obtained on the MMPI-2 and the 16PF-5 scales in persevering nuns between Time 1 and 2. At Time 2, nuns reported lower response inconsistency, lower family conflicts, stronger identification with the stereotypically female role, and higher emotional stability than at Time 1. This study demonstrated that the MMPI-2 and 16PF-5 could be considered efficient assessment tools for religious organisations that utilise psychological screening in their enrolling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C60 Donor Dyaden, in denen der Kohlenstoffkäfig kovalent an eine Elektronen‐Donoreinheit gebunden vorliegt, werden als ein mögliches Elektronentransfersystem diskutiert, und es wurde gezeigt, dass kugelförmige [Ge9]‐Clusteranionen bezüglich ihrer elektronischen Struktur eng mit den Fullerenen verwandt sind. Die optischen Eigenschaften dieser Cluster und ihrer funktionalisierten Derivate sind jedoch nahezu unbekannt. Wir berichten nun über die Synthese des intensiv roten [Ge9]‐Clusters, welcher an ein ausgedehntes π‐Elektronensystem gebunden ist. [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2{CH3C=N}‐DAB(II)Dipp]− (1−) entsteht bei der Reaktion von [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]2− mit Bromdiazaborol DAB(II)Dipp‐Br in CH3CN (TMS=Trimethylsilyl; DAB(II)=1,3,2‐Diazaborol mit einem ungesättigten Gerüst; Dipp=2,6‐Di‐iso‐propylphenyl). Die reversible Protonierung der Imineinheit in 1− führt zum tiefgrünen, zwitterionischen Cluster [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2{CH3C=N(H)}‐DAB(II)Dipp] (1‐H). Optische Spektroskopie in Kombination mit zeitabhängigen Dichtefunktional‐theoretischen Berechnungen legen eine Elektronentransfer‐Anregung zwischen dem Cluster und dem antibindenden π*‐Orbital der Iminiumeinheit als Urache für die intensive Farbe nahe. Ein Absorptionsmaximum von 1‐H im roten Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums und der entsprechende niedrigste angeregte Zustand bei λ=669 nm machen die Verbindung zu einem interessanten Ausgangspunkt für weitere Untersuchungen, die auf das Design photoaktiver Clusterverbindungen abzielen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1575 and 1651, 13 convents were founded in a large part of what is now the territory of the Republic of Colombia. In this article, we analyse the links between these convents and the social and economic environment in which they arose. We aim to study how these institutions functioned as true sounding boards and alternatives to the needs of the social whole, which promoted them in a clear interaction of ideological, social, and economic factors. This perspective attempts to be global and will, therefore, require an examination of regional contexts and their productive possibilities, capable of sustaining religious communities according to the regulations from the Council of Trent. This article approaches a broad historiographical base for a better contextualization of the documentary sources that reveal the beginnings of the convents. The varied bibliography and documents will support a deep and accurate analysis of the social links that the female religious institutions created between the 16th and 17th centuries, and the settlement processes linked to the emergence of female convents and their presence in the Castilianisation of the urban areas of the Audiencia of Santa Fe and the Government of Popayán. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tracks the nuns who in 1864 established a boarding school and convent at St. Ignatius, Montana Territory, on the Flathead Indian Reservation. It excavates how the nuns' notion of spiritual sacrifice and suffering fortified them to keep going in the face of the challenges of begging. Yet their begging from gold miners was more than simply an act of self-sacrifice. Begging was also environmental labor and environmentally shaped labor. Begging was gendered. Begging was deeply interconnected with the U.S. settler empire, which included displacing Indigenous people, creating reservations, running boarding schools, fostering white settlement, establishing territories, building infrastructure, and following mineral rushes. Nuns narrated their labor as spiritual sacrifice, yet this framing decontextualized and obscured the violence and dispossession that their labor entailed, This article is part of a special issue of Pacific Historical Review, "Religion in the NineteenthCentury American West." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medieval nuns and anchorites (recluses) were spiritually and economically bound to pray for the dead, no matter their feelings towards the departed, who frequently appear to them in visions. This article charts medieval enclosed women's attempts to intervene in this economy by forgetting souls. Staging a generative conversation between medieval women's writings and Marcella Althaus-Reid's (1952–2009) 'indecent theology' (queer liberation theology), this essay scrutinizes medieval female-authored texts for indecent forgetting (socially and economically disruptive forgetting). It juxtaposes a Middle English visionary text, A Revelation of Love by anchorite Julian of Norwich (1342/1343–c. 1416), with the mid-fourteenth-century Middle High German sister-book (compilation of nuns' lives) of the Dominican convent of St Katharinental in Diessenhofen (in present-day Switzerland) and the early sixteenth-century Middle Dutch sister-book of Diepenveen (in the present-day Netherlands), originating from a Devotio Moderna convent of Augustinian canonesses regular. Heeding Althaus-Reid's call, it dissects how forgetting unsettles systems of sanctioned spiritual and economic exchanges. I first examine how the sister-books forget certain souls and define their own terms for their participation in this system. I then turn to how Julian enlists all believers for her intercessory duties but also misplaces souls. Throughout, this article considers how these texts prise open space for medieval women within indecent theology. Ultimately, it illustrates how medieval women's negotiations of their economic conditions supply a fertile ground for considering larger concerns of defiance, community, and the charity that binds together the living and the dead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Tibetan Nun Mingyur Peldrön: A Woman of Power and Privilege" by Alison Melnick Dyer explores the life of Mingyur Peldrön, a Tibetan nun who was born into a privileged family and assumed a leadership position in a traditionally male-dominated Buddhist monasticism. The book examines the tension between her gender and her family privilege, drawing from historical sources and a translation of her disciple's biography. It analyzes the different modes of authority that Mingyur Peldrön possessed, including emanation authority, institutional authority, and educational authority. The book also explores Mingyur Peldrön's relationships with political and religious leaders and her posthumous influence as a saint in her tradition. Overall, the book offers new perspectives on sainthood, life writings, and the Nyingma School in Tibetan Buddhist history. [Extracted from the article]

"The Nun in the Synagogue: Judeocentric Catholicism in Israel" by Emma O'Donnell Polyakov is a historical and ethnographic account of a group of nuns, priests, and monks living in Israel who are dedicated to confronting anti-Jewish beliefs and practices within the Catholic Church. The group consists of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust who have converted to Catholicism and gentile Catholics. Polyakov explores the concept of "Judeocentric Catholicism," which differs from Messianic Judaism and Jewish Catholicism. The book provides a roadmap for understanding the dynamics of this unique religious perspective and its relationship with Jews and Judaism in Israel. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the recent popularization of Buddhist temple food in contemporary South Korea. It specifically probes the circumstances that have led to nuns taking on the leadership role in excavating, preserving, reinterpreting and popularizing temple food. Nuns have proactively responded to a myriad of contemporary challenges, such as food insecurity, public health, the loss of shared community and the ecological crisis, and seized the new opportunities to open up a noble space of their own by investing new value into temple food as a means to achieve enlightenment and an ethical life. The article introduces some of the leading "master chefs of temple food," a formal designation awarded to Buddhist nuns and monks who have made exceptional contributions to the development of temple food. It also illustrates how the popularization of temple food has intersected significantly with the general promotion of Korean cuisine (hansik) as authentic cultural heritage in the age of globalization, which has tended to result in the growing commercialization of temple food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The syllable letters have a great importance in the formation and systematization of the Arabic language grammar because the letter, which by being added to the beginning, middle and end of the word, affects the expression in terms of wording and meaning. The letter nūn has been also used in Arabic grammar in many contexts such as fāil, tanwīn, the sign of marfū', mu'āwa'ah, wiqāyah, ta'kīd etc. Accordingly, Nūn is a letter that may come at the beginning, middle and end of a word and fulfills various duties. One of the places where Nūn comes to the end of the word in the Arabic language is "nūn al-wiqāyah". Although it is handled separately in grammar books, Nūn, which is mostly included in pronouns and al-afāl al-khamse, is introduced in order to protect the structure of the word and to prevent meaning confusion when the mutakallim yā is adjacent to the word. Linguists have highlighted the duty of Nūn as preserving the building (binā) of the word. However, when the subject is examined, it is seen that there is also a dimension that affects the meaning as well as the literal aspect. Therefore in this study Nūn al-Wiqāyah is discussed in terms of its place in Arabic language grammar, its scope, purpose, uses, its relationship with other types of nūn, and its effect on meaning, by using classical and modern sources. Nūn al-Wiqayah is examined in terms of verb, noun and letter. The use of the Nūn al-Wiqāyah in the light of the transmission [naqlī] evidences such as the Qur'an and hadith is also included. However, all uses were not mentioned because of the limitations of the study, the subject is discussed only through specific examples. From this point of view, it can be specified that there are places in the Qur'an where the Nūn al-Wiqāyah comes to confirm the expression. In addition, considering the presence and absence of Nūn al-Wiqayah, there is a possibility of confusion between the noun and the verb, and the verb and the letter, and between some sīghas. Therefore, in this study, both the wording and the meaning of Nūn al-Wiqāyah are emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radikalische Additionsreaktionen an Olefine haben sich als eine zunehmend leistungsfähige Strategie für die Synthese von difunktionalisierten Verbindungen entwickelt. Trotz signifikanter Fortschritte sind die bekannten Methoden weitgehend auf zwei Ansätze beschränkt, welche entweder die 1,2‐Difunktionalisierung von Alkenen oder die distale Funktionalisierung mittels Wasserstoffatomtransfer (HAT) verfolgen. In dieser Arbeit wird nun die photoinduzierte Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff (C−C)‐Aktivierung/Ringöffnung als ein anderer Ansatz beschrieben, welcher Zugang zu γ,δ‐ungesättigten Aldehyden aus Methylencyclobutanolen und Sulfonylchloriden unter Freisetzung der Ringspannungsenergie ermöglicht. Bemerkenswerterweise konnte das Sulfonyl‐Motiv der erhaltenen Produkte durch einen weiteren photokatalytischen Prozess leicht entfernt werden, was den effizienten Aufbau des Naturprodukts Alatanon A ermöglichte. Die synthetische Anwendbarkeit unseres Ansatzes spiegelte sich außerdem in der hohen Toleranz gegenüber vielfältigen funktionellen Gruppen und damit großen Anwendungsbreite sowie der Skalierbarkeit der Reaktion wider. Die Photokatalyse stellt eine konzeptionell eigenständige Alternative zu bestehenden Ansätzen für die distale 1,4‐Difunktionalisierung dar, welche die Doppelbindung in den so erhaltenen Produkten beibehält. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid-sixth century, Cassiodorus wrote his Institutiones Divinarum et Saecularium Litterarum to instruct the monks at Vivarium in their scribal work of collecting, codifying, and copying the Christian Scriptures, along with a vast array of Latin Christian literature. His text remained an essential handbook for monks and nuns working as scribes for centuries. Within it, he includes three authoritative canon lists which he takes from Jerome, Augustine, and the Septuagint. To modern scholars these lists often read as nonsense: he seems entirely ambivalent towards which books are "in" or "out" of the canon, he appears unfaithful to his source material, and none of these lists reflects his own system for listing or grouping the Scriptures. What then is the point of them? The answer lies in the importance that Cassiodorus, and other late antique authors, place on numbers as sources of allegorical interpretation in the search for higher meaning. Through a process of "holy arithmetic", Cassiodorus presents what he claims is an inner logic of these authoritative canon lists, bringing to light three different hermeneutical lenses for understanding what the Scriptures are. As allegories, those lenses can coexist in a complementary fashion, aiding Cassiodorus in his larger mission to codify a Latin Christian tradition. Examining Cassiodorus's approach to listing the canon and comparing it to modern scholarship on the subject bring into focus some of the key ways in which our own assumptions and methods differ from those of our late antique sources. It also opens up new possibilities for interrogating these sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces miraculous narratives in The Biographies of Eminent Nuns (BQNZ) and The Further Biographies of Eminent Nuns (XBQNZ) and provides a comparative examination based on the relevant narratives in the above-mentioned collections and The Biographies of Eminent Monks (GSZ). First, this paper suggests that eminent nuns' miracles in the BQNZ seem to be more limited than those of their male contemporaries in the GSZ, which might reflect their comparatively limited agency in social engagements. Furthermore, the BQNZ's silence on the eminence of foreign nuns, in sharp contrast to the special attention afforded to foreign monks in the GSZ, might suggest androcentrism in both the Saṅgha and Chinese society. Second, the entries containing "intentionally performed miracles" in the BQNZ outnumber those in the XBQNZ in terms of the percentage of all entries and diversity. Moreover, in later records of the XBQNZ, most miracles are only related to death. This might point to the lower esteem that eminent nuns enjoyed during and after late imperial China, partly because of Buddhism's development and social status. Alternatively, this might have resulted from special social circumstances. Finally, this paper suggests that the androcentric inclination of the male compilers of the BQNZ and XBQNZ, or the sources on which the two collections are based, might have undermined eminent nuns' prominence in upholding and spreading Buddhism. Such an androcentric bias is reflected in their selective use and adaptation of the materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scholars of Buddhism believe that Buddhists (particularly Mahāyāna Buddhists) regularly reproduce scriptures for merit in general, regardless of their content. However, by examining four Chinese Buddhist nuns' colophons in manuscripts of the Da banniepan jing 大般涅槃經 (Scripture on the Great Extinction; Skt. Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra) (T no. 374) from around the sixth century with reference to its content, I argue that this scripture is significantly related to gender transformation and "female filth". In this way, I suggest that these nuns could have deliberately commissioned this particular scripture due to their gender-based concerns. This study deepens our understanding of the reception of this scripture by Chinese Buddhist nuns by concentrating on the notion of gender, and it indicates that some nuns did not commission scriptures simply for merit without awareness of the scriptures' content. This method of reading Buddhist texts as objects put into practice provides insight into the intellectual background of medieval Chinese Buddhist nuns, showing how they drew on their knowledge of Buddhist texts and financial resources to commission a specific scripture in order to negotiate more spiritual space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a book review from the Catholic Historical Review. The review discusses two books: "Apostate Nuns in the Later Middle Ages" by Elizabeth Makowski and "La Croce dei Mercanti: Genova, Venezia e la Crociata Mediterranea nel tardo Trecento (1348–1402)" by Simone Lombardo. The review highlights the contributions of both books to the study of medieval history. Makowski's book focuses on the legal and practical implications of women leaving religious life, while Lombardo's book explores the crusading experiences of Venice and Genoa in the late fourteenth century. The review praises the meticulous research and rich discussions in both books. [Extracted from the article]