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While significant progress has been made in understanding the resistance training (RT) strategy for muscle hypertrophy increase, there remains limited knowledge about its impact on fat mass loss. This study aimed to investigate whether full‐body is superior to split‐body routine in promoting fat mass loss among well‐trained males. Twenty‐three participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: full‐body (n = 11, training muscle groups 5 days per week) and split‐body (n = 12, training muscle groups 1 day per week). Both groups performed a weekly set volume‐matched condition (75 sets/week, 8–12 repetition maximum at 70%–80 % of 1RM) for 8 weeks, 5 days per week with differences only in the routine. Whole‐body and regional fat were assessed using DXA at the beginning and at the end of the study. Full‐body RT elicited greater losses compared to split‐body in whole‐body fat mass (−0.775 ± 1.120 kg vs. +0.317 ± 1.260 kg; p = 0.040), upper‐limb fat mass (−0.085 ± 0.118 kg vs. +0.066 ± 0.162 kg; p = 0.019), gynoid fat mass (−0.142 ± 0.230 kg vs. +0.123 ± 0.230 kg; p = 0.012), lower‐limb fat mass (−0.197 ± 0.204 kg vs. +0.055 ± 0.328 kg; p = 0.040), and a trend in interaction in android fat mass (−0.116 ± 0.153 kg vs. +0.026 ± 0.174 kg; p = 0.051), with large effects sizes (η2p ≥ 0.17). This study provides evidence that full‐body is more effective in reducing whole‐body and regional fat mass compared to split‐body routine in well‐trained males. Highlights: For strength and conditioning professionals, as well as practitioners aiming to optimize fat mass loss while minimizing delayed onset muscular soreness induced by training, the full‐body routine should be considered and recommended.Our findings shed new light on the manipulation of resistance training variables, particularly training routines, to optimize fat mass loss in the late stages of resistance training.This strategy appears to be particularly relevant for individuals aiming for esthetic physique performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acute toxicity and hypokinetic activity induced by menthofuran on the gastrointestinal tract of rodents were investigated in the present study. An absence of acute toxicity was observed. Menthofuran delayed gastric emptying at oral doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg in the experimental model of phenol red, as well as it reduced the intestinal transit at oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, a scopolamine-similar hypokinetic effect was observed for menthofuran. In the experimental model of castor oil-induced intestinal hypermotility, menthofuran (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the number of loose stools as observed for the normal group. Additionally, menthofuran induced a marked concentration-dependent relaxation in rat ileum segments precontracted with KCl (EC50 = 0.059 ± 0.008 μg/mL) or carbachol (EC50 = 0.068 ± 0.007 μg/mL). These results suggest the possible decrease of calcium influx underlying the effects of menthofuran on the gastrointestinal tract, which opens the door for further study regarding this potential application for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, noting possible limitations of its use due to adverse effects in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menthofuran is a monoterpene present in various essential oils derived from species from Mentha genus, and in Brazil, those species are widely used in treating gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. Considering the wide pharmacological potential of monoterpenes, including their antioxidant activity, this study aimed to evaluate menthofuran-gastroprotective activity, as well as the involvement of antioxidant mechanisms in this effect. The acute toxicity was evaluated according to the fixed dose method. The antiulcerogenic activity was investigated by using experimental models of gastric ulcers induced by ethanol, indomethacin, and ischemia/reperfusion in rats. The antisecretory gastric activity, the catalase activity, and the gastric wall mucus were determined in pylorus ligated rats. Gastric wall nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) group content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were evaluated in ethanol-induced the gastric ulcer model. Menthofuran (2 g/kg) presented low acute toxicity and showed gastroprotective activity against ethanol-, indomethacin-, and ischemia/reperfusion-induced ulcers. Moreover, menthofuran presented antisecretory activity, reduced the total acidity, and increased pH of gastric secretion. On the other hand, a decrease in mucus content of gastric wall without alteration of gastric juice volume and catalase activity was observed. Interestingly, menthofuran increased NPSH levels and reduced MDA levels and MPO activity. Gastroprotective effects of menthofuran appear to be mediated, at least in part, by the NOS pathway, endogenous prostaglandins, reduced gastric juice acidity, increased concentration of the NPSH groups, and reduced lipidic peroxidation. These findings support the menthofuran as an effective gastroprotective agent, as well as the marked participation of antioxidant mechanisms in this response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrography is defined as: "The branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all other marine activities, including economic development, security and defence, scientific research, and environmental protection" (Publication S-32). Due to their broad concept hydrographic data and information provide the foundational bases for marine space management, fisheries, coastal environment, policy decisions, shipping, energy and oil industry, etc. Portuguese Hydrographic Institute (IH) manages geospatial datasets from several scientific and technical domains. Data management has been on daily agenda and always has an internal priority. Facing the digital transformation tsunami and rapid evolution of society data requirements is the main driven for developing an internal sustainable open data strategy aligned with findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) principles and as open as possible. The European Open Data and Open Science strategies combined with the need to fill the ocean knowledge gaps are changing the way how data producers deal with geospatial information. This article presents several IH projects to increase sharing and reuse of hydrographic data by society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, few experimental methods exist that enable the mechanical characterization of adhesives under high strain rates. One such method is the Split Hopkinson Bar (SHB) test. The mechanical characterization of adhesives is performed using different specimen configurations, such as Single Lap Joint (SLJ) specimens. A gripping system, attached to the bars through threading, was conceived to enable the testing of SLJs. An optimization study for selecting the best thread was performed, analyzing the thread type, the nominal diameter, and the thread pitch. Afterwards, the gripping system geometry was numerically evaluated. The optimal threaded connection for the specimen consists of a trapezoidal thread with a 14 mm diameter and a 2 mm thread pitch. To validate the gripping system, the load–displacement ( P − δ ) curve of an SLJ, which was simulated as if it were tested on the SHB apparatus, was compared with an analogous curve from a validated drop-weight test numerical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma (IVCL) is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor. Surgical treatment is a challenge because it must combine free surgical margins with vascular reconstruction, using prosthetic or autologous grafts, primary suture, or simple ligation without vein reconstruction. The ligation option is possible thanks to the slow growth of the tumor, allowing collateral venous circulation to develop. We present a case of an IVCL treated with radical resection without vascular reconstruction. The patient was a 48-year-old female with abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant, asthenia, and postprandial dyspeptic symptoms. Abdominal tomography revealed a mass with an expansive formation located in the infrahepatic segment of the inferior vena cava and reduced vessel lumen. During surgery, vein clamping did not provoke hemodynamic repercussions, suggesting sufficient collateral circulation formation. It was decided to perform a radical resection of the entire portion of the retrohepatic vena cava and ligate the vena cava without vascular reconstruction. The patient recovered without complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two di-ureasils incorporating oxyethylene segments with average molecular weights Y = 600 and 900 g mol−1, prepared by the sol-gel method, and doped with the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) salt were prepared. The as-obtained films are translucent, flexible, and hydrophobic, and have a low level of nanoscale surface roughness. The ionic conductivity values exhibited by an optimized sample are 8.10 × 10−5 and 2.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature and 55 °C, respectively. The main goal of the work was to employ the electrolytes in prototype electrochromic devices (ECDs) with the [glass/a-IZO/a-WO3/d-U(Y)LiBF4-[Bmim]Cl/c-NiO/a-IZO/glass], noted as ECD1 for Y = 600 and ECD2 for Y = 900, where a-WO3 and c-NiO stand for amorphous tungsten oxide and crystalline nickel oxide, respectively. At 555 nm the ECD1 device exhibited the highest coloration efficiency for coloring (CEin = −420.621 cm2·C−1), the highest optical density value (∆(OD) = 0.13) and good cycling stability. In this article, the results of a preliminary evaluation of hybrid electrolytes, produced by a sol-gel process, as multi-functional components in prototype electrochromic devices are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of residual stresses in composite materials can significantly affect material performance, especially when integrated in bonded joints. These stresses, often generated during the cure process, can cause cracking and distortion of the material, and are caused by differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion or cure shrinkage. In the current research, multimaterial adherends combining carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and aluminium in a single-lap joint (SLJ) configuration are analysed, allowing us to understand the effect of the thermal residual stresses, developed during the curing process, in the overall performance of the joints. A numerical model resorting to a finite element analysis (FEA) is developed to assess and predict the behaviour of the joints. The use of FML (fibre metal laminates) was found to significantly improve the strength of the joints, as well as the failure mode. The proposed geometry performed similarly to the comparable FML geometry, in addition to a decrease in the joint weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study shows the lifelong benefits of aerobic exercise in preventing early age-related consequences on mitochondrial liver function and antioxidant activity. Although exercise intensity is often cited as crucial for developing adaptive responses in the body, we demonstrated that the duration of the training protocol might be more critical for the adaptive response. Thus, physical exercise prescribers should promote the awareness of physical exercise practitioners about the importance of performing this practice regularly, as the benefits go far beyond those already known in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Most studies on the effects of physical exercise have focused on its influence on muscle tissue, forgetting its interference in liver function. Ageing leads to the progressive impairment of hepatic functions. Several biochemical and bioenergetics parameters were determined to test the impact of a lifelong aerobic training program in the hepatic age-related and the development of an adaptative response. Liver samples were collected from 28 male Wistar rats (4-week-old, 159.4 ± 11.9 g at the beginning of the protocol), randomly distributed into two groups: non-exercised or exercised and submitted to a treadmill exercise program (60 min/day, 5 days/week, at 70% of maximal running speed), for 24 (n = 9) or 54 weeks (n = 10). A maximal running speed test was performed to determine the training speed. Antioxidant enzyme activity, cellular redox status, oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and respiratory activity were performed in liver samples. Lifelong exercise decreased the age-associated decline in mitochondrial dysfunction, increasing the respiratory rate in state 2 (mitochondrial respiration stimulated by the substrate in the absence of added ADP) (p = 0.03) and citrate synthase enzymatic activity (p = 0.007). Complex II (p < 0.0001) and IV (p < 0.001) showed a decrease in enzymatic activity. Ageing-related oxidative stress was also attenuated by physical exercise, as showed by the increase in first-line defense antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (p = 0.07) and catalase (p = 0.03)), decreased lipid peroxidation levels (p = 0.864 for total fraction, p = 0,27 for mitochondrial fraction) and higher glutathione reduced/oxidized ratio (p = 0.02). According to our results, the regular practice of exercise can prevent the liver's mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of antioxidant system efficacy that may arise from ageing, highlighting the benefit of lifelong aerobic exercise in preventing age-related hepatic impairment and associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, music festivals have grown in significance within local cultural policy, city branding and tourism agendas. Taking the Mexefest festival in Lisbon as a case in point, this article asks how, in the digital streaming era, music festivals in urban environments are framed, curated and experienced. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, our analysis examines how music festival programmers curate the urban festival experience, for both locals and tourists alike. First, we identify the emergence of urban music festivals in recent decades, and how modern festival programmes have adopted the cultural technique of the 'shuffle mode' as an influential principle. Second, we investigate the work of festival programmers through the lens of 'cultural intermediaries', and ask how their programming strategies, particularly through digital mobile media (such as music playlists), contribute to an aestheticised experience of the city during the festival. Third, we focus on how the Mexefest festival events are staged in tandem with brand activation by sponsors like mobile phone company Vodafone and their radio station Vodafone FM. In doing so, we highlight the participation of festival-goers through their embodied engagements with digital media, music listening and urban space, and evaluate the heuristic value of 'shuffle curation' as a tool for the understanding of music festivals as a distinctly global and networked form of leisure consumption in urban culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-volume functional high-intensity interval training (F-HIIT) improves cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and physical function similarly to combined training (CT, gold standard protocol), however no previous studies have compared the F-HIIT equivalence with CT in reducing blood pressure in older people, particularly in postmenopausal women (PW). Therefore, the aim of this study (trial registration: NCT03200639) was designed to test whether F-HIIT of low volume is an equivalent strategy to CT for improving blood pressure (BP) in PW. Forty-nine PW were divided into two groups: F-HIIT and CT. The F-HIIT protocol was composed of 10 sets of 60 seconds of high-intensity exercises interspersed with 60 seconds of low-intensity exercises for recovery. The CT protocol was composed of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity walking, followed by five total body resistance exercises. Both protocols were performed 3-times-a-week for 12 weeks. The BP from rest condition (before exercise) was measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention in both groups, using an automatic blood pressure monitor. The boundaries values for equivalence for systolic and diastolic BP was set at 5.14 and 2.92 mmHg, respectively. There was only a significant reduction (P <.05) in systolic BP in CT group from baseline (−3.2 (95% CI, −6.2 to −0.2) mmHg). The difference of systolic BP between F-HIIT and CT was 5.8 (95% CI, 1.3–10.4) mmHg, showing non-equivalence (inferiority) for F-HIIT. Thus, these results suggest that low-volume F-HIIT protocol is not an equivalent strategy when compared to CT for BP improvements in PW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In which sense music festivals have been serving to control urban conflicts and to create the image of Portuguese cities as tolerant places? Seeking for answers to this question, this paper discusses how these events are used as mechanisms of social control in Sines and, especially, in Lisbon. The research data were collected between 2016 and 2019, in four different festivals, through direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentary analysis. The results confirm that such events have been acting in the creation of urban cosmopolitanism, promoting social pacification through culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Resistance training increases whole-body muscle mass in postmenopausal and older females. • Low-volume resistance training elicits small improvements in muscle hypertrophy. • High-volume resistance training elicits moderate improvements in muscle hypertrophy. This study explored the effects of resistance training (RT) volume on muscle hypertrophy in postmenopausal and older females. This systematic review searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Studies with postmenopausal (age ≥ 45 y) or older females (age ≥ 60 y) that compared RT (whole-body) effects on muscle hypertrophy with a control group (CG) were included. Independently reviewers selected the studies, extracted data, and performed the risk of bias of RCTs (RoB2) and certainty of the evidence (GRADE). Whole-body lean mass, free-fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass measurements were included as muscle hypertrophy outcomes. A random-effects model standardized mean difference (Hedges'g), and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used for meta-analysis. Fourteen RCTs (overall RoB2: some concerns, except one study with high risk; GRADE: low evidence) were included. RT groups were divided into low (LVRT, total volume: 445.0 au) and high-volume (HVRT, total volume: 997.3 au). Most exercises performed were arm curl, bench press or chest press, calf raise, leg curl, leg extension, leg press or squat, seated row or lat pulldown, and triceps pushdown. Both groups experienced muscle hypertrophy (HVRT = ∼1.3 kg vs. LVRT = ∼0.9 kg) when compared to CG, although HVRT demonstrated moderate effects size (HVRT = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.77) and LVRT demonstrated small effects size (LVRT = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.53). Compared to CG, results suggest that the HVRT protocol elicits superior improvements in muscle hypertrophy outcomes than LVRT in postmenopausal and older females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are now beginning a new decade with a great number of challenges for marine geospatial data producers. At global scale The United Nations identify the needs for "Adaptation strategies and science-informed policy responses to global change" and elected the ocean knowledge a priority for next years. Geospatial Data is extremely important to understand the real world, for decision-making and to measure policy implementation goals. The Portuguese Hydrographic Institute is a public organization with several roles: national hydrographic office, marine observation and marine technology national laboratory and a Portuguese Navy unity. As marine data and knowledge producer his internal data management processes are kept in line with national and European data policies and information sharing legal requirements. The Hydrographic Institute is in all aspects a data driven organization. To address the geospatial data needs for improvement the Portuguese Hydrographic Institute starts to build a new Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure through the Hidrográfico + project who granted funding from SAMA2020 program (POCI-02-0550-FEDER-035422). This paper presents the Hidrografico + Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure building process. This asset is a big step forward and will be an important tool for the next ocean knowledge decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este texto enfatiza a escrita do romance amazônico de Dalcídio Jurandir e reforça a ideia de uma memória à moda, principalmente de Maurice Hawbachs. Trata-se de uma análise dos romances Belém do Grão-Pará (1960) e Passagem dos Inocentes (1963), através dos quais Dalcídio Jurandir representa a sociedade paraense da primeira metade do século XX, a partir de uma experiência testemunhal, vista das periferias da grande cidade da Amazônia oriental. Para demonstrar essa preocupação do autor em retratar "as minorias", nos debruçamos sobre a análise da personagem "Mãe Ciana", de Belém do Grão-Pará, que, aparentemente secundária, constitui uma perfeita alegoria étnicocultural da Amazônia. Ressaltamos que o autor utiliza, além de sua memória pessoal, a memória histórica da região, baseado em pesquisas feitas na Belém da primeira metade do século XX, transformando seus livros em "lugares de memória", emaranhados aos coletivos dos sujeitos amazônicos, priorizando os mais pobres, por ele denominados "aristocracia do pé no chão". O autor de Chove nos campos de Cachoeira percebia a história como um campo de lutas, sua narrativa está comprometida com a maioria explorada, daí porque seus escritos configuram manifestos que apontam para a transformação da sociedade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How cultural practices are established in Public Higher Education Institutions in Brazil, and what are the main characteristics of their cultural management models? Seeking to answer these questions, this paper condenses the main results of a study conducted in 2017, with the participation of 33.4% of the total number of this kind of institution in the country. From the use of a inquiry with open and closed questions, the results of the 99 responses received are organized into three different sections, which seek to discuss: (i) the places and challenges of culture in the university: (ii) the general characterization of cultural activities developed in the institutions participating in the research and (iii) the different models of cultural management in national public HEIs. In general, it is possible to state that the Brasilian cultural management model is quite heterogeneous and has lacks of public policies, technical tools and administrative measures more coherent, stable and that can facilitate their field of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to diagnose the level of governance of state-owned enterprises controlled by the State of Ceará, based on the governance rules established in Law 13.303/2016 and its state regulations. The IG-SEST governance indicator was used to measure the level of governance. The results indicate progress on legal compliance. Most of the participating stated-owned enterprises (78%) were classified in levels 1 and 2 (grade > 5,09). However, a small part of the enterprises has made little progress in this regard. The worst performance was perceived in the items that integrate the transparency of information dimension, indicating that 66.66% of enterprises are not adherent enough or at all to the rules. These results are relevant mainly for the practice of public managers interested in adopting strategies to conform to the new law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muscular strength adaptations and hormonal responses after tw o different multiple-set protocols of resistance training in postmenopausal women. J Strength C o n d Res 3 3 (5 ): 1 2 7 6 -1 2 8 5 , 2 0 1 9 -W e studied the effects of 2 different resistance training (RT) multiple-set pro to cols (3 and 6 sets) on muscle strength and basal hormones concentrations in p o s tmenopausal women (PW). Postmenopausal women we re randomly allocated into 3 groups: control (CT, n = 12), low RT volume (LV = 3 sets fo r each exercise, n = 10), and high RT volume (HV = 6 sets fo r each exercise, n = 12). The LV and HV groups performed 8 exercises o f a total body RT pro to col 3 times a week, at 70°/o o f 1 repetition maximum (1RM) fo r 16 weeks. Muscle strength and basal hormone concentrations were measured before and after RT. O u r findings sh ow that 3 sets or 6 sets at 7 0% o f 1 RM protocol increased muscular strength similarly after 16 weeks (sum of all exercises, LV: 3 7 .7% and HV: 3 4 .1% vs. CT: 2.1%, p < 0.0 01). Moreover, the RT volume do es not affect basal levels of testosterone (TT) (LV: 0.0 2% , HV: - 0 .1 2 % , and CT: 0 .0 0 6% , p = 0 .2 33), cortisol (C) (LV: 72.4%, HV: 36 .8% , and CT: 16.8%, p = 0.8 92), insulin-like growth factor- 1 (LV: 6.7%, HV: 7.3%, and CT: 4.1%, p = 0.8 02), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (LV: 0.1%, HV: - 4 .5 % , and CT: - 6 .7 % , p = 0.8 85), and T T:C ratio (LV: - 0 .9 % , HV: - 1 .6 % , and CT: - 0 .4 % , p = 0.4 29). O u r results sug ge st that 3 sets and 6 sets at 7 0% of 1 RM seem to promote similar muscle strength gain. Thus, 3-set RT is a time efficient pro to col fo r strength gain after 16 weeks in PW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated Static Analysis Tool (ASATs) are one of the best ways to search for vulnerabilities in applications, so they are a resource widely used by developers to improve their applications. However, it is well-known that the performance of such tools is limited, and their detection capabilities may not meet the requirements of the project regarding the criticality of the application. Diversity is an obvious direction to take to improve the true positives, as different tools usually report distinct vulnerabilities, however with the cost of also increasing the false positives, which may be unacceptable in some scenarios. In this paper, we study the problem of combining diverse ASATs to improve the overall detection of vulnerabilities in web applications, considering four development scenarios with different criticality goals and constraints. These scenarios range from low budget to high-end (e.g., business critical) web applications. We tested with five ASATs under two datasets, one with real WordPress plugins and another with synthetic test cases. Our findings revealed that combining the outputs of several ASATs does not always improve the vulnerability detection performance over a single ASAT. By using our procedure a developer is able to choose which is the best combination of ASATs that fits better in the project requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract O -GlcNAcylation or O -GlcNAc modification is a post-translational modification of several proteins responsible for fundamental cellular processes. Dysregulation of the O -GlcNAc pathway has been linked to the etiology of several diseases such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. O -GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes the removal of O -GlcNAc from the modified proteins and several carbohydrate-based OGA inhibitors have been synthesized to understand the role of O -GlcNAc-modified proteins in physiological and pathological conditions. However, many of the inhibitors lack selectivity for OGA over lysosomal hexosaminidases A and B. Aiming the selectively inhibition of OGA, we propose herein the synthesis of twelve novel glucopyranoside derivatives exploring the bioisosteric replacement of the GlcNAc 2-acetamide group by 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole ring, bearing a variety of central chains with different shapes. Compounds were readily prepared through "Copper(I) Catalyzed Azide/Alkyne Cycloaddition" (CuAAC) reaction between a sugar azide and different terminal alkynes. Initial Western Blot analyses and further inhibitory assays proved that compounds 6a (IC 50 = 0.50 ± 0.02 μM, OGA), 6k (IC 50 = 0.52 ± 0.01 μM, OGA) and 6l (IC 50 = 0.72 ± 0.02 μM, OGA) were the most potent and selective compounds of the series. Structure-activity relationship analyses and molecular docking simulations demonstrated that the bridge of two-carbon atoms between the C-4 position of the triazole and the phenyl ring (6a), which may be replaced by heteroatoms such as N (6k) or O (6l), is fundamental for accommodation and inhibition within OGA catalytic pocket. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Twelve novel glucopyranoside C2-derived 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized. • Three derivatives were qualitatively similar to Thiamet-G in augmenting O -GlcNAc-modified proteins levels. • The most potent inhibitors exhibited low micromolar activity toward OGA and high selectivity for OGA over HexA and B. • The central chain extension between the triazole and the phenol ring plays a critical role for OGA activity. • Glucopyranoside C2-derived 1,2,3-triazoles may be novel promising therapeutic candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer and the main cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide and in Brazil. A high proportion of patients are diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) in Brazil, mainly due to limited coverage of screening programmes. A disparity in the access to optimal treatment is evident between the public and private health systems which impact patient outcomes. Clinical research is an opportunity for patients, institutions and investigators and therefore should be facilitated through a better regulatory environment. In a country facing a trend of increasing BC incidence for the next years, it is critical to improve BC screening and incorporate new medicines and devices into the public health system to control the burden of LABC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Static analysis tools are recurrently used by developers to search for vulnerabilities in the source code of web applications. However, distinct tools provide different results depending on factors such as the complexity of the code under analysis and the application scenario; thus, missing some of the vulnerabilities while reporting false problems. Benchmarks can be used to assess and compare different systems or components, however, existing benchmarks have strong representativeness limitations, disregarding the specificities of the environment, where the tools under benchmarking will be used. In this paper, we propose a benchmark for assessing and comparing static analysis tools in terms of their capability to detect security vulnerabilities. The benchmark considers four real-world development scenarios, including workloads composed of real web applications with different goals and constraints, ranging from low budget to high-end applications. Our benchmark was implemented and assessed experimentally using a set of 134 WordPress plugins, which served as the basis for the evaluation of five free PHP static analysis tools. Results clearly show that the best solution depends on the deployment scenario and class of vulnerability being detected; therefore, highlighting the importance of these aspects in the design of the benchmark and of future static analysis tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: 2‐Nitroimidazole‐based hypoxia imaging tracers such as 18F‐FMISO are normally imaged at late time points (several hours post‐injection) due to their slow clearance from background tissues. Here, we investigated if a hydrophilic zwitterion‐based ammoniomethyl‐trifluoroborate derivative of 2‐nitroimidazole, 18F‐AmBF3‐Bu‐2NI, could have the potential to image tumor hypoxia at earlier time points. AmBF3‐Bu‐2NI was prepared in 4 steps. 18F labeling was conducted via 18F‐19F isotope exchange reaction, and 18F‐AmBF3‐Bu‐2NI was obtained in 14.8 ± 0.4% (n = 3) decay‐corrected radiochemical yield with 24.5 ± 5.2 GBq/μmol specific activity and >99% radiochemical purity. Imaging and biodistribution studies in HT‐29 tumor‐bearing mice showed that 18F‐AmBF3‐Bu‐2NI cleared quickly from blood and was excreted via the hepatobiliary and renal pathways. However, the tumor was not visualized in PET images until 3 hours post‐injection due to low tumor uptake (0.54 ± 0.13 and 0.19 ± 0.04%ID/g at 1 and 3 hours post‐injection, respectively). The low tumor uptake is likely due to the highly hydrophilic motif of ammoniomethyl‐trifluoroborate that prevents free diffusion of 18F‐AmBF3‐Bu‐2NI across the cell membrane. Our results suggest that highly hydrophilic 18F‐labeled ammoniomethyl‐trifluoroborate derivatives might not be suitable for imaging intracellular targets including nitroreductase, a common tumor hypoxia imaging target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an efficient light field image coding (LFC) solution based on High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and a novel Bi-prediction Self-Similarity (Bi-SS) estimation and compensation approach to efficiently explore the inherent non-local spatial correlation of this type of content, where two predictor blocks are jointly estimated from the same search window by using a locally optimal rate constrained algorithm. Moreover, a theoretical analysis of the proposed Bi-SS prediction is also presented, which shows that other non-local spatial prediction schemes proposed in literature are suboptimal in terms of Rate-Distortion (RD) performance and, for this reason, can be considered as restricted cases of the jointly estimated Bi-SS solution proposed here. These theoretical insights are shown to be consistent with the presented experimental results, and demonstrate that the proposed LFC scheme is able to outperform the benchmark solutions with significant gains with respect to HEVC (with up to 61.1% of bit savings) and other state-of-the-art LFC solutions in the literature (with up 16.9% of bit savings). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Several studies have reported the influence of diverse winemaking technologies in white wine characteristics. However, the impact of the use of different oak wood barrel capacities and utilization time on the evolution of white wine phenolic content and sensorial characteristics are not usually considered. Thus the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of oak wood barrel capacity and utilization time on the evolution of phenolic compounds, browning potential index and sensorial profile of an Encruzado white wine. RESULTS For the 180 aging days considered, the use of new oak wood barrels induced a greater increase in global phenolic composition, including several individual compounds, such as gallic and ellagic acid, independently of the barrel capacity. Tendency for a lesser increase of the browning potential index values was detected for white wines aged in new oak wood barrels. The sensorial profile evolution, showed significant differences only for the aroma descriptors, namely for 'wood aroma' and 'aroma intensity', white wine aged in 225 L new oak wood barrels being the highest scored. CONCLUSION The results show that, in general, the use of different capacities and utilization time of oak wood barrels used for white wine aging could play an important role in white wine quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low muscle strength and high abdominal fatness play an important role in fast and usual walking speeds decrement in postmenopausal women (PW). Low-volume resistance training (RT) improves muscle strength. However, high-volume RT has shown to improve muscle strength and abdominal fatness in PW. Thus, high-volume RT would elicit greater improvement in fast and usual walking speeds than low-volume RT. Objective To confirm whether the high-volume RT is better than the low-volume RT, we performed a randomized controlled trial (clinical trial registration: RBR-8SBBVP) study to investigated the effects of two different RT volumes (three sets vs. six sets) on fast and usual walking speed performances (fast: one-mile walk test and usual: four-meter walk), muscle strength (1 RM test), and abdominal fatness (WC – waist circumference; WC/W waist circumference-to-weight ratio; WHtR – waist-to-height ratio; ABSI – A body shape index; BRI – body roundness index; CI – conicity index) in PW. Methods Thirty-three PW were randomized (simple randomization) in three groups: control group (CT – no exercise), low-volume RT (LV) and high-volume RT (HV). The RT consisted of eight total body exercises at 70% of one repetition maximum for 16 weeks performed three times a week. Results The fast walking speed (6.1% [CI 95% 2.3–9.9]), WC (− 4.1% [CI 95% − 6.9 to − 1.4]), WHtR (− 4.2% [CI 95% − 7.0 to − 1.4]) and BRI (− 10.3% [CI 95% − 17.3 to − 3.4]) improved in the HV when compared to the LV and CT. The WC/W (− 3.7% [CI 95% − 6.5 to − 0.93]), ABSI (− 3.8% [CI 95% − 6.5 to − 1.2]) and CI (− 3.9% [CI 95% − 6.6 to − 1.3]) improved in the HV when compared to the CT. Muscle strength improved similarly in trained groups (LV: 49.1% [CI 95% 42.5–55.6] and HV: 43.7% [CI 95% 33.0–54.5]) when compared with the CT. No differences were observed in usual walking speed. Conclusion Our results suggest that high-volume RT (six sets) at 70% of 1 RM is necessary to promote an improved fast walking speed performance and abdominal fatness in PW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of resistance training (RT) volume on muscular strength and on indicators of abdominal adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in post-menopausal women (PW). Thirty-two volunteers were randomly allocated into the following three groups: control (CT, no exercise, n = 11), low-volume RT (LV, three sets/exercise, n = 10), and high-volume RT (HV, six sets/exercise, n = 11). The LV and HV groups performed eight exercises at 70 % of one maximal repetition, three times a week, for 16 weeks. Muscular strength and indicators of abdominal adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation were measured at baseline and after 16 weeks. No differences were found in baseline measures between the groups. The PW showed excess weight and fat percentage (F%), large waist circumference (WC), high waist-hip ratio (WHR), and hypercholesterolemia and borderline values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%). Following the RT, a similar increase in muscle strength and reduction in F% from baseline were found in both trained groups. In HV, a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-c, WC, and WHR was noted. Moreover, the HV showed a lower change (delta%) of interleukin-6 (IL-6) when compared to CT (HV = 11.2 %, P25–75 = −7.6–28.4 % vs. CT = 99.55 %, P25–75 = 18.5–377.0 %, p = 0.049). In LV, a decrease was noted for HbA1c%. There were positive correlations (delta%) between WHR and IL-6 and between IL-6 and TC. These results suggest that while a low-volume RT improves HbA1c%, F%, and muscular strength, a high-volume RT is necessary to improve indicators of abdominal adiposity and lipid metabolism and also prevent IL-6 increases in PW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of two different intensities and different volumes of low-load resistance training (LLRT) with and without blood flow restriction on the adaptation of muscle strength and size. Methods: The sample was divided into five groups: one set of 20 % of one repetition maximum (1RM), three sets of 20 % of 1RM, one set of 50 % of 1RM, three sets of 50 % of 1RM, or control. LLRT was performed with (OC) or without (NOC) vascular occlusion, which was selected randomly for each subject. The maximal muscle strength (leg extension; 1RM) and the cross-sectional area (quadriceps; CSA) were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of LLRT. Results: 1RM performance was increased in both groups after 8 weeks of training: OC (1 × 50 % = 20.6 %; 3 × 50 % = 20.9 %; 1 × 20 % = 26.6 %; 3 × 20 % = 21.6 %) and NOC (1 × 50 % = 18.6 %; 3 × 50 % = 26.8 %; 1 × 20 % = 18.5 %; 3 × 20 % = 21.6 %; 3 × 20 % = 24.7 %) compared with the control group (−1.7 %). Additionally, the CSA was increased in both groups: OC (1 × 50 % = 2.4 %; 3 × 50 % = 3.8 %; 1 × 20 % = 4.6 %; 3 × 20 % = 4.8 %) and NOC (1 × 50 % = 2.4 %; 3 × 50 % = 1.5 %; 1 × 20 % = 4.3 %; 3 × 20 % = 3.8 %) compared with the control group (−0.7 %). There were no significant differences between the OC and NOC groups. Conclusion: We conclude that 8 weeks of LLRT until failure in novice young lifters, regardless of occlusion, load or volume, produces similar magnitudes of muscular hypertrophy and strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In older adults, muscle strength (MS), a key component of sarcopenia, is essential to maintaining independence and physical capacity. The rate of MS decline typically accelerates during the menopausal transition. Although MS has been shown to increase with resistance training (RT), the response to training is quite heterogeneous. Thus, if contributing factors to RT non-responsiveness to MS gains are identified, it may be possible to develop more effective and personalized ways to improve MS or identify individuals who may benefit from RT interventions. This study assessed potential factors that may contribute to MS response heterogeneity in postmenopausal women: training frequency, serum FSH and estrogen levels, adiposity, inflammation marker, and insulin resistance. One hundred and thirteen individuals participated in a 16-week program of supervised RT (3 sets, 8–12 repetitions, and 2–3 times/week). A control group (CTL, n = 63 – no performed the RT) was used as the comparator arm. Body composition (skinfold) and blood samples (metabolic and inflammatory indicators and hormones) were measured at baseline. Knee extensor strength (1RM) was measured at baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks. Only the RT group increased 1RM after 8 weeks (RT = 14 ± 12% vs. CTL = 6 ± 15%). Both groups increased 1RM after 16 weeks, with the RT group showing a greater increase than the CTL group (RT = 31 ± 23% vs CTL = 13 ± 25%). After 8 weeks of RT, 41 (36% of total) individuals were considered non-responders (based on control group responses) and 27 (24% of total) individuals after 16 weeks. At week 8, lower RT frequency (2 times/week vs. 3 times/week) was associated with higher odds of being non-responder (3 times, P = 0.048). At week 16, lower RT frequency (13 times, P = 0.009) and higher HOMA-IR (for every unit increase, odds increase by 40%, P = 0.022) were associated with higher odds of being non-responder. Higher QUICKI was associated with lower odds of being non-responder (for every unit increase, odds decrease by 16%, P = 0.039). Moreover, higher RT frequency (17 times, P = 0.028) and higher QUICKI (for every unit increase, odds increase by 41%, P = 0.017) were associated with higher odds of becoming a responder at week 16, being a non-responder at week 8. Heterogeneity in RT-induced MS responses is associated with training frequency and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women. • Response to resistance training (RT) is heterogeneous in postmenopausal women (PW). • RT non-response to muscle strength (MS) gains seem to be mitigated by higher RT frequency. • Insulin resistance seems to contribute to RT non-responsiveness to MS gains. • FSH, E 2 , CRP, adiposity seem not to contribute to RT non-response to MS gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sara Almeida, Instituto Hidrográfico (Portugal), sara.almeida@hidrografico.pt Paulo Nunes, Instituto Hidrográfico (Portugal), antunes.nunes@hidrografico.pt The Instituto Hidrográfico, as navy unit, has centralized over the years numerous data sets related to military missions. Data Management Although BATHY messages were constructed by selecting significant data points in a temperature-depth profile, corresponding therefore to what we may call low-resolution data, these datasets can contribute to the knowledge of the ocean. After the completion of a catalogue with all the metadata regarding the campaigns that produced bathy messages, the next step is the processing and quality control of those files. [Extracted from the article]

Jellyfish outbreaks and their consequences appear to be on the increase around the world, and are becoming particularly relevant in the Mediterranean. No previous studies have quantified tourism losses caused by jellyfish outbreaks. We used a stated-choice questionnaire and a Random Utility Model to estimate the amount of time respondents would be willing to add to their journey, in terms of reported extra travel time, in order to reduce the risk of encountering jellyfish blooms in the Catalan coast. The estimation results indicated that the respondents were willing to spend on average an additional 23.8% of their travel time to enjoy beach recreation in areas with a lower risk of jellyfish blooms. Using as a reference the opportunity cost of time, we found that the subsample of individuals who made a trade-off between the disutility generated by travelling longer in order to lower the risk of jellyfish blooms, and the utility gained from reducing this risk, are willing to pay on average €3.20 per beach visit. This estimate, combined with the respondents’ mean income, yielded annual economic gains associated with reduction of jellyfish blooms on the Catalan coast around €422.57 million, or about 11.95% of the tourism expenditures in 2012. From a policy-making perspective, this study confirms the importance of the economic impacts of jellyfish blooms and the need for mitigation strategies. In particular, providing daily information using social media applications or other technical devices may reduce these social costs. The current lack of knowledge about jellyfish suggests that providing this information to beach recreationists may be a substantially effective policy instrument for minimising the impact of jellyfish blooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropic activities can cause alterations in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, this work shows an assessment of water quality of a stream that receives fish farming effluents, using insects as bioindicators. Aquatic insects were sampled in summer and winter of 2012, in three sites (upstream -- P01; in the effluent discharge site -- P02; downstream -- P03) of Felizardo Stream, Uruguaiana, Brazil. Network lock, drift nets and dip nets were used for insect capture, and aquatic physical-chemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, electric conductivity, and pH) were analyzed. In the summer, differences about family richness, abundance and density of specimens were observed, with the P02 site values lower than P01 and P03, and higher degree of dominance than P01 and P03. The physical-chemical parameters were in accordance with allowed values, according with legislation. However the biotic indices suggest the occurrence of direct influence of fish farming effluents in insect fauna in P02. Therefore, there is evidence of moderate effects of water pollution, or some organic pollution, according with these biotic indices. With these results, the waters of Felizardo Stream remain in the class II, even suffering influence of fish farming effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acute toxicity, the antioxidant activity, and the pharmacological activity on the gastrointestinal tract of rodents of the ethanolic extract (TFEE) from the bark of Terminalia fagifolia Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae) and of its aqueous (TFAqF), hydroalcoholic (TFHAF), and hexanic (TFHEXF) partition fractions have been evaluated. TFEE presented low acute toxicity, antioxidant, and antiulcerogenic activity against ethanol-induced ulcers, which was partially blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME and indomethacin. It reduced the total acidity and raised the pH of gastric secretion. Additionally, TFEE delayed gastric emptying and slightly inhibited the small intestinal transit and also presented a weakly antidiarrheal activity. The antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activity were also detected in TFAqF and TFHAF but not in TFHEXF. The antisecretory and gastroprotective activity of TFEE partially involve the nitric oxide and prostaglandin participation. Nevertheless, TFEE, TFAqF, and TFHAF drastically reduced the mucus layer adhered to the gastric wall of rats treated with ethanol or indomethacin. Complementary studies are required in order to clarify the paradox of the presence of a gastroprotector activity in this plant that, at the same time, reduces the mucus layer adhered to the gastric wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper constitutes a first attempt to model the relationship between climate change, biodiversity, and ecosystem services, with a specific emphasis on European forests. Firstly, we construct a composite biodiversity indicator that integrates quantitative and qualitative changes of biodiversity projected to 2050 for the EU-17 under future IPCC scenarios. Secondly, this indicator is integrated into two simultaneous equation models to capture the marginal impacts of changes in biodiversity on the value of ecosystem goods and services (EGS) due to climate change. Our estimation results confirm the role of biodiversity as a nature-based policy solution for climate change mitigation, shedding light on the policy actions that generate co-benefits by enhancing ecosystems' capacity to mitigate climate change impacts, while conserving biodiversity and sustaining the flows of EGS for human livelihoods. Especially, nature-based mitigation policies are more cost-effective and better at coping with the ethic and inequality issues associated with distributional impacts of the policy actions, compared to the pure technical solutions to improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions. However, the strength of biodiversity as a nature-based policy option for climate change mitigation depends on both the nature of the EGS and the geographical area under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a reflection about the linguistics applied in social contexts in terms of the usage of a specialized language. In this discussion, the objective is to extensively reflect not only on the structure and the social character of the lexicon, but also on the sciences: Lexicology, Lexicography and Terminology. In addition, the regulatory norms of the linguistic behavior and the social issues which emerge from the implementation of these norms are also explored. Finally, the conception of what is considered right or wrong in terms of language is presented, as well as a debate on the importance of applying the lexicon sciences in the language used in social contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines worldwide tourist coastal destination choice using a comprehensive global dataset at the country level, for both domestic and international tourists. This data includes a systematic profile of the countries'' coastline with respect to economic and natural environments, such as marine biodiversity related indicators. Tourist demand is modelled using a system of simultaneous structural equations estimated by a 3SLS routine. We identify two tourist demand segments, denoting different preferences for the worldwide coastal destinations. International tourists choose their coastal destination because they have a strong preference for the cultural and natural environments. This, in turn, depends on the destination of country's coastal habitat abundance and marine biodiversity. We label this segment of coastal tourism, as “greens”. Alternatively, domestic tourists have a preference for beach characteristics, in particular beach length. This in turn depends on anthropogenic pressure, the built environment and climatic variables. For this reason we interpret this tourism segment as “beach lovers”. This information is, in turn, of high significance for stimulating coastal tourism demand as well as for identifying market based policy instruments with the objective to finance the conservation of environmental and cultural capital hosted at the coastal communities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper examines the welfare dimension of the recreational services of coastal ecosystems. First, we construct a global database of primary valuation studies that focus on recreational benefits of coastal ecosystems. Second, the profile of each of the 253 individual observations is enriched with characteristics of the built coastal environment (accessibility, anthropogenic pressure, human development level), natural coastal environment (presence of protected area, ecosystem type, marine biodiversity), geo-climatic factors (temperature, precipitation), and sociopolitical context. We then propose a meta-analytical framework that is built upon a Geographic Information System (GIS) and allow for the exploration of the spatial dimension of the valued ecosystems, including the role of spatial heterogeneity of the selected meta-regression variables as well as the spatial profile of the transferred values. The empirical outcome results in the first global map of the values of coastal recreation, which may play a crucial role in identifying and ranking coastal area conservation priorities from a socio-economic perspective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study aims to estimate the input-output matrix for the Southeast Region of Paraná in 2009. It identifies its key sectors, linkage effects and output, employment and income multipliers. The methodology is based on the Locational Quotients technique and balanced with the RAS method. The results from the Hirschmann-Rasmussen normalized linkage indexes revealed that eight sectors had forward linkage indexes greater than one. Twelve sectors had backward linkage indexes bigger than one. Sector 17 (electric and electronic materials) presented the highest production multiplier. Sector 4 (food and beverage) exhibited the highest income multiplier. The highest employment multiplier was registered by sector 18 (transport material), followed by sector 14 (metallurgy). The reseach showed evidence that although the Southeast Region is characterized by family farming, its productive structure is going through a diversification process. Therefore it is necessary to pay special attention to social and economic indicators in order to accomplish the best regional performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain death is the irreversible cessation of all brain function. Although protocols for its determination vary among countries, the concept of brain death is widely accepted, despite ethical and religious issues. The pathophysiology of brain death is related to hypoxia and ischemia in the setting of extensive brain injury. It is also related to the effects of brain edema, which increases intracranial pressure, leading to cerebral circulatory arrest. Although the diagnosis of brain death is based on clinical parameters, the use of neuroimaging to demonstrate diffuse brain injury as the cause of coma prior to definitive clinical examination is a prerequisite. Brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrate diffuse edema, as well as ventricular and sulcal effacement, together with brain herniation. Angiography (by CT or MRI) demonstrates the absence of intracranial arterial and venous flow. In some countries, electroencephalography, cerebral digital subtraction angiography, transcranial Doppler ultrasound, or scintigraphy/single-photon emission CT are currently used for the definitive diagnosis of brain death. Although the definition of brain death relies on clinical features, radiologists could play an important role in the early recognition of global hypoxic-ischemic injury and the absence of cerebral vascular perfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The α-C–H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) in tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtalene) was determined using time-resolved photoacoustic calorimetry as 357.6 ± 5.4 kJ mol−1. This value is some 10 kJ mol−1 higher than the only previous experimental determination but in remarkably good agreement with the α-C–H BDEs in the structurally related compounds such as 1-butene, cyclohexene, and ethylbenzene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an improved rate control algorithm for jointly encoding multiple arbitrarily shaped video objects in the context of low-delay MPEG-4 compliant video coding. The algorithm provides adequate mechanisms for dealing with deviations between the ideal and the actual behavior of video scene encoders, notably: 1) compensation mechanisms (e.g., rate control decisions) that are able to track these deviations and compensate them to allow a stable and efficient operation of the encoder, and 2) adaptation mechanisms (e.g., estimation of model parameters) that are able to instantaneously represent the actual behavior of the encoder and its rate controller. The proposed solution efficiently allocates the available resources, i.e., target bit rate and bitstream buffer space, aiming at maximizing the average scene quality and minimizing quality fluctuations along time and among the various video objects. The results show that this solution outperforms the usual reference solutions, notably those specified in the rate control informative annex of the MPEG-4 visual standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often exhibit impulsive and aggressive behavior. The hippocampus and amygdala form part of the limbic system, which plays a central role in controlling such expressions of emotional reactivity. There are mixed results in the literature regarding whether patients with BPD have smaller hippocampal and amygdalar volume relative to healthy controls. To clarify the precise nature of these mixed results, we performed a meta-analysis to aggregate data on the size of the hippocampus and amygdala in patients with BPD. Seven publications involving six studies and a total of 104 patients with BPD and 122 healthy controls were included. A significantly smaller volume was found in both the right and left hippocampi and amygdala of patients with BPD compared to healthy controls. These findings raise the possibility that reduced hippocampal and amygdalar volumes are biological substrates of some symptoms of BPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review the efficacy of placebo in comparison with atypical and typical antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and to evaluate the pertinence of using placebo in clinical trials with antipsychotics. Method: Trials in which the atypical antipsychotics were compared with typical antipsychotics and placebo were included. A search was conducted using the terms "amisulpride", "aripiprazole", "clozapine", "olanzapine", "quetiapine", "risperidone", "sertindole", "ziprasidone" and "zotepine". Main efficacy parameters were calculated using the proportion of "events" (defined as a deterioration or lack of improvement by at least 20% in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) and the pooled relative risk with random effects, with their respective 95% confidence intervals. We also calculated the necessary sample sizes in studies in which the study drug is compared to a typical antipsychotic or placebo. Results: The pooled efficacy rates observed were 40.8%, 34.9% and 21.3% for the atypical antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics and placebo, respectively. One hundred and sixty six patients would have to be included when a new drug is compared with placebo if calculation is based on a difference of 20% found between the atypical antipsychotic and placebo and 2,054 if the difference sought were that found between the atypical antipsychotic and the typical antipsychotic, i.e. 6%. The estimated therapeutic failures would be 115 of the 166 patients when the study drug is compared with placebo, and 1,274 failures in the 2,054 patients when the study drug is compared to the typical antipsychotic. Conclusions: Placebo controlled studies may reduce the number of individuals exposed to the harmful effects of ineffective drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the last years, the overall fish industry in the lagoon of Venice has shown a gradual decline. In order to better understand this process, we carry out a socio-economic questionnaire next to the fisherman population. Questionnaire contains significant qualitative and quantitative data that allow us to evaluate the social and the cultural profile of the respondents, including information with respect to the different technological fishing characteristics involved, type and amount of the species harvested as well as the overall productivity of the activity. Furthermore, the questionnaire contains an economic valuation exercise so as to assess in monetary terms the preferences of the fishermen with respect to different alternative policy options that may characterize a future regulation of this economic activity. Estimation results show that fishermen welcome any regulation initiative that is characterized by: (1) banning all fishing activities during the night, (2) allocating fishing concessions areas to each fishermen in a way that minimize the distance between the fishing area and the harbor, and (3) by introducing of a labeling mechanism that certifies the origin of the product. Moreover, the underlying economic valuation mechanism reveals to sensitive to respondent''s motivational profile, including the overall trust and confidence that fisherman community places on the current institutional bodies. This result reveals to be of particular significance when attempting the design of an efficient, widely supported regulation of the fishing activity in the lagoon of Venice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Twelve ERK1/2 kinase inhibitors have been synthesized using CuAAC reaction. • Derivative 25a induced G0/G1 stalling in BT-20 cells and a decrease in the S phase. • Compound 25a promoted a significant reduction of p-ERK1/2 a kinase in BT-20 cells. • Strong interactions of compound 25a at the ATP site of ERK kinase was predicted. • In silico toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles of compound 25a was satisfactory. • A novel structural pattern of ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor has been proposed. ERK1/2 inhibitors have attracted special attention concerning the ability of circumventing cases of innate or log-term acquired resistance to RAF and MEK kinase inhibitors. Based on the 4-aminoquinazoline pharmacophore of kinases, herein we describe the synthesis of 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives bearing a 1,2,3-triazole stable core to bridge different aromatic and heterocyclic rings using copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) as a Click Chemistry strategy. The initial screening of twelve derivatives in tumoral cells (CAL-27, HN13, HGC-27, and BT-20) revealed that the most active in BT-20 cells (25a, IC 50 24.6 μM and a SI of 3.25) contains a more polar side chain (sulfone). Furthermore, compound 25a promoted a significant release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), suggesting the induction of cell death by necrosis. In addition, this compound induced G0/G1 stalling in BT-20 cells, which was accompanied by a decrease in the S phase. Western blot analysis of the levels of p-STAT3, p-ERK, PARP, p53 and cleaved caspase-3 revealed p-ERK1/2 and p-STA3 were drastically decreased in BT-20 cells under 25a incubation, suggesting the involvement of these two kinases in the mechanisms underlying 25a- induced cell cycle arrest, besides loss of proliferation and viability of the breast cancer cell. Molecular docking simulations using the ERK-ulixertinib crystallographic complex showed compound 25a could potentially compete with ATP for binding to ERK in a slightly higher affinity than the reference ERK1/2 inhibitor. Further in silico analyses showed comparable toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles for compound 25a in relation to ulixertinib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]