1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 and 1A3 isoforms – mechanism of activation and regulation in cancer
- Author
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Martina Poturnajova, Zuzana Kozovska, and Miroslava Matuskova
- Subjects
SMAD4, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 ,TLX-1, T-cell leukemia homeobox protein 1 ,Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2, apoptosis regulator ,PPARβ/δ, Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor β/δ ,Retinoic acid ,Aldehyde dehydrogenase ,NSPc1, Polycomb 1 of the nervous system ,Transcriptional control ,TGF- β, Transforming growth factor beta ,DHT, Dihydrotestosterone ,BRD4, bromodomain-containing protein 4 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,SRC, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ,MDR, multidrug resistance ,RARRES1, Retinoic acid receptor responder 1 ,Neoplasms ,EZH2, Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 ,HPCs, hematopoietic progenitors ,MEK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase ,Transcriptional regulation ,Protein Isoforms ,RAR, Retinoic acid receptor ,cMET (HGFR), Hepatocyte growth factor receptor ,TNBC, triple negative breast cancer ,biology ,Chemistry ,HOX, Homeobox protein ,ERK, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ,NFκB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ,Stem cells marker ,NANOG, homeobox protein, transcriptional factor ,C/EBPβ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β ,HNSCC, Head and neck squamous Cancer ,Aldehyde Oxidoreductases ,Graphical Review ,PCAF, acetyltransferase P300/CBP-associated factor ,ER, Estrogen receptor ,Cell biology ,MMP, matrix metalloproteinase ,Crosstalk (biology) ,Molecular regulation ,S1P, Sphingosine-1-phosphate ,IL-6, Interleukin 6 ,NRF2, Nuclear respiratory factor 1 ,SOX2, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 ,Stem cell ,EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition ,SIRT2, Sirtuin 2 ,CD24, signal transducer 24, sialoglycoprotein ,Gene isoform ,atRA, all trans retinoic acid ,GADD153, Growth arrest and DNA damage 153 ,SNAI2, (Slug) zinc finger protein 2 ,MUC1-C, Mucin 1 glycoprotein, subunit C ,Tretinoin ,CDK2, Cyclin- dependent kinase 2 ,CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein ,PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ,Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family ,CD44, homing cell adhesion molecule ,BAX, Bcl-2-like protein 4, apoptosis regulator ,TCF4 (TCF7L2), Transcription factor 7-like 2 ,HSP27, heat shock protein 27 ,ROS, reactive oxygen species ,RA, Retinoic acid ,Humans ,BET, bromodomain and extraterminal protein family ,RARE, RA responsive element ,SNAI1, (Snail) zinc finger protein 1 ,DANCR (KIAA0114), Differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA ,PTEN, Phosphatase and tensin homolog ,ALDH1A13, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 isoforms A1, A3 ,Mechanism (biology) ,Retinal Dehydrogenase ,mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin ,RXR, Retinoid X receptor ,Cell Biology ,HGF, Hepatocyte growth factor ,CSC, cancer stem cell ,NQO1, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 ,STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ,ALDH1A1 ,CD31, Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 ,RD16, retinol dehydrogenase 16 ,DDIT3, DNA damage inducible transcript 3 ,NRAD1 (LINC00284), Non-coding RNA in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A pathway ,biology.protein ,AR, androgen receptor - Abstract
In some types of human cancer, aldehyde dehydrogenases represent stemness markers and their expression is associated with advanced disease stages and poor prognosis. Although several biological functions are mediated by their product Retinoid acid, the molecular mechanism is tissue-dependent and only partially understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of ALDH in solid tumours, especially ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 isoforms, regarding the molecular mechanism of their transcription and regulation, and their crosstalk with main molecular pathways resulting in the excessive proliferation, chemoresistance, stem cells properties and invasiveness. The recent knowledge of the regulatory effect of lnRNA on ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 is discussed too., Highlights • Aldehyde dehydrogenases are important stem cell markers in many human cancer types. • ALDH1A1 or ALDH1A3 activation participates in tumour progression, chemoresistance, stem-cell properties and invasiveness. • ALDH1A1 interacts with oncogenic pathways Notch, NRF, CXCR4, Polycomb, MDR, and HOX.
- Published
- 2021