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1. HIGH CELLULOSE DEGRADATION RATE IN LEAF-CUTTING ANT'S FUNGAL GARDENS.

Author

Nagamoto, Nilson S., Garcia, Marise G., Forti, Luiz C., Verza, Sandra S., Costa, Ciniro, Noronha, Newton C., and Rodella, Roberto A.

Subjects
CELLULOSE, ACROMYRMEX, LEAF-cutting ants, SYMBIOSIS, ORGANIC wastes
Abstract

Currently, it is still controversial if the degradation of cellulose in the fungal gardens of leaf-cutting ants is small or large, and whether the resulting products would serve as an important source of energy. In the present study, the cellulose degradation was evaluated in the gardens of the leaf-cutting ant Atta capiguara, by means of quantification of the cellulose in the leaves, before the entrance in the colonies and soon after the discarding of these in the garbage. It was found a 74.9% reduction of cellulose in this material. The gardens of leaf-cutting ants and the digestive tract of ruminant animals can be considered analogous systems, because, in both, symbiotic microorganisms degrade cellulose from fresh plant material, to serves as an important source of energy. However, the permanence of the plant material in the fungal gardens is much higher in relation to the rumen, raising the energy demand of the symbiotic microorganisms, which probably leads them to consume most of the energy. On the other hand, considering the fact that the ants do not survive without their cultivated fungus, it is evidenced that, although predominantly indirect, cellulose is very important to leaf-cutting ants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

2. Microscopic evidence supports the hypothesis of high cellulose degradation capacity by the symbiotic fungus of leaf-cutting ants

Author

Nagamoto, Nilson S. [UNESP], Garcia, Marise G. [UNESP], Forti, Luiz C. [UNESP], Verza, Sandra S. [UNESP], Noronha, Newton C. [UNESP], Rodella, Roberto A. [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Subjects
leaf-cutting ant, Attini, plant cell wall, leaf anatomy
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000294140300016.pdf: 123086 bytes, checksum: 1fda9f4975f7c1a2327f61866d495a2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:41:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000294140300016.pdf: 123086 bytes, checksum: 1fda9f4975f7c1a2327f61866d495a2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:48:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000294140300016.pdf: 123086 bytes, checksum: 1fda9f4975f7c1a2327f61866d495a2c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:48:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000294140300016.pdf: 123086 bytes, checksum: 1fda9f4975f7c1a2327f61866d495a2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) use fresh leaf fragments to cultivate a symbiotic fungus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) as their food source. There are three hypothetical propositions for the degree of cellulose degradation capacity of this symbiont: (i) that it is high, rendering this polymer an important energy source, as originally purposed by Martin and Weber; (ii) that it is very small, and only facilitates the symbiont to use other cell nutrients and, (iii) that this fungus is metabolically inept against this polymer. The two latter proposals are more recent than the first one but are based on in vitro or highly indirect evidence. Consequently, we carried out a new evaluation of the degradation capability of this fungus, utilizing as realistic an approach as possible by assessing the microscopic effect of fungus cultivation on the leaf anatomy of the grass Paspalum notatum within colonies of the grass-cutting ant Atta capiguara. We observed a complete degradation of the most abundant leaf cells (the non-lignified ones). on the other hand, since lignin-rich structures presented only slight damage, the leaf format was maintained. Therefore, this in vivo study corroborates Martin and Weber's hypothetical proposition: that cellulose is highly degraded by the leaf-cutting ant symbiont, thus serving as an important energy source. UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agron, Depto Prod Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Depto Zool, Botucatu, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Depto Bot, Botucatu, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agron, Depto Prod Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Depto Zool, Botucatu, SP, Brazil UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Depto Bot, Botucatu, SP, Brazil CNPq: 1440272/2001-1 CNPq: 304894/2006-0

Published
2011

3. Sites of defoliation by atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in artificial plants

Author

Noronha, Newton C., Forti, Luiz C. [UNESP], Camargo, Roberto S. [UNESP], Ramos, Vânia M., Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias

Subjects
Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Plant selection, Artificial plants, Leaf-cuttingznt
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T20:54:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-23 This study aimed to achieve a better understanding about the foraging behavior of leaf-cutter ant {Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel) workers with respect to defoliation sites in plants. To accomplish that, artificial plants 70 cm in height were prepared and divided into four levels (heights), having natural plant leaves attached to them. Evaluations during the bioassays included the number of leaves dropped by the ants, as well as the percentage of plant mass removed. In all replicates, it became evident that the most exploited plant site is the apical region, which significantly differed from other plant levels. Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos (235) Depto. Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agrkola. EscolaSuperiordeAgricultura LuizdeQueiroz UniversidadedeSao Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av.Padua dias, 11. ex. Postal 9. Piracicaba, Sao Paulo State Laboratório de Insetos Sociais-Praga Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomica Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), Sao Paulo State UNOESTE - Universidade do Oeste Paulista Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias, Rod. Raposo Tavares km 572, Zip Code 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP Laboratório de Insetos Sociais-Praga Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomica Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), Sao Paulo State

Published
2009

4. Density and spatial distribution of Atta sexdens rubropilosa and Atta laevigata colonies (Hym., Formicidae) in Eucalyptus spp. forests

Author

Ramos, Vânia M. [UNESP], Forti, Luiz C., Andrade, Ana Paula P., Noronha, Newton C., Da Silva Camargo, Roberto, Faculdade de Ciêndas Agrárias, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Subjects
Leaf-cutting ants, Forest management, Chemical control, Spatial distribution
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T20:41:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-05-28 The present study determined the density and spatial distribution of nests of the leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa and A. laevigata in an area of Eucalyptus spp. forest. The research was accomplished between 05/2000 and 11/2001, on a farm located in Botucatu, SP, inside Area 19, with approximately 56,000 m2, without a history of control for at least 3 years. The operation was accomplished by theodolite. The collected data facilitated the making of a working area map, containing the exact location of all the nests. For each one of the nests, its identification, codification, measurements and location in relation to the closest border of the area were also obtained. The density of nests found in the study area was 10 nests/ha, considering the two species present. The data obtained also demonstrated the tendency of the nests to concentrate in strips located closer to the borders of the area. Regression analysis revealed the existence of a negative correlation between distance from the borders and the number of colonies. Analysis of spatial distribution of colonies in the area also showed that the distribution is aggregated, being adjusted to a model of a negative binomial distribution. The results showed that spatial distribution of colonies in the studied area was concentrated in the strips closer to the borders of the area, which would allow, in this case, good pest control efficiency without the need of traversing the total area. UNOESTE Universidade do Oeste Paulista Faculdade de Ciêndas Agrárias, Rod. Raposo Tavares km 572, Zip Code 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP Laboratório de Insetos Sociais-Praga Defesa Fitossanitária FCA/UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros 1780, Zip Code 18610-307, Botucatu, SP Laboratório de Insetos Sociais-Praga Defesa Fitossanitária FCA/UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros 1780, Zip Code 18610-307, Botucatu, SP

Published
2008

6. Microscopic evidence supports the hypothesis of high cellulose degradation capacity by the symbiotic fungus of leaf-cutting ants.

Author

NAGAMOTO, Nilson S., GARCIA, Marise G., FORTI, Luiz C., VERZA, Sandra S., NORONHA, Newton C., and RODELLA, Roberto A.

Subjects
LEAF-cutting ants, FUNGUS ants, ANT anatomy, CELLULOSE synthase, PASPALUM
Abstract

Leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) use fresh leaf fragments to cultivate a symbiotic fungus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) as their food source. There are three hypothetical propositions for the degree of cellulose degradation capacity of this symbiont: (i) that it is high, rendering this polymer an important energy source, as originally purposed by Martin and Weber; (ii) that it is very small, and only facilitates the symbiont to use other cell nutrients and, (iii) that this fungus is metabolically inept against this polymer. The two latter proposals are more recent than the first one but are based on in vitro or highly indirect evidence. Consequently, we carried out a new evaluation of the degradation capability of this fungus, utilizing as realistic an approach as possible by assessing the microscopic effect of fungus cultivation on the leaf anatomy of the grass Paspalum notatum within colonies of the grass-cutting ant Atta capiguara. We observed a complete degradation of the most abundant leaf cells (the non-lignified ones). On the other hand, since lignin-rich structures presented only slight damage, the leaf format was maintained. Therefore, this in vivo study corroborates Martin and Weber's hypothetical proposition: that cellulose is highly degraded by the leaf-cutting ant symbiont, thus serving as an important energy source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

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