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The "U.S. Army's Special Organizations" were unusual, little-known units within the U.S. military during World War II designed to segregate and monitor potentially disloyal soldiers. The existence and composition of these units pointed at the nationalist and ethno-racial tensions afoot in the United States at the time, reflecting both wartime undemocratic hysteria and social changes, along with long-standing concerns about U.S. national identity. The continued suspicion and large-scale internment of Japanese-American servicemen stood in contrast to the smaller numbers of other servicemen of enemy alien origin similarly interned (German- and Italian-Americans). The internal social dynamics within these units mirrored the fraught relationship among the Axis partners and the socio-cultural issues between the Japanese, German, and Italian national communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Method Results Conclusion The COVID‐19 pandemic has fueled exclusionist attitudes toward various outgroup minorities. This study examines the support among Chinese, Japanese, and South Korean citizens for restrictions on the entry of foreigners and fellow citizens living abroad during the pandemic.Cross‐national surveys were conducted using quota sampling.The results showed that the citizens of all three countries supported border restrictions, and this tendency was the strongest in China. Nationalist and authoritarian orientations were positively associated with the exclusion of foreigners and fellow citizens abroad in all three countries, revealing their universal impact. Social trust and beliefs in a country's capacity to deal with crises were expected to be negatively associated with exclusionism. This negative relationship was only confirmed in Japan and South Korea.We discuss the possible reasons for the exceptional case of China and contextual factors that affect interventions for mitigating exclusionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the seventeenth century, thousands of English‐speaking Protestants went to the Maghreb as captives, diplomats, traders, and travellers. Distant from the guiding and controlling hands of monopoly trading companies and the established churches, and placed under various pressures by non‐Christian neighbours, colleagues, and captors, these Protestants faced the temptation (or opportunity) to compromise or abandon their Christianity and nationality to survive and thrive in their new circumstances. Most English‐speaking residents, whether free expatriates, captives, or converts, felt a tension between attraction to local norms and longing for their lives at home. Using a vast and little‐known collection of merchant correspondence and financial records, this article explores the tension of exile in the professional, material, religious, moral, and ethical lives and views of long‐term free English‐speaking residents (‘expatriates’) in the Maghreb. I argue that the biblical‐theological framework of exile, widespread in contemporary English culture and brought to mind by their circumstances, provided many expatriates with a way of understanding their lives and a set of ethical principles for conducting them appropriately. By considering the ways in which British Protestants made use of this framework, historians can better make sense of their experiences of living in the early modern Islamic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizens must hold accurate beliefs about politically relevant facts to preserve democratic representation, accountability and legislation. We theorize that, abstracting from one's background, schooling per se does not trigger the epistemological sophistication that is necessary to get a grasp of the political world. In this article, we study whether schooling improves the accuracy of factual beliefs about the share of foreigners and unemployed, later in life. We derive an appealing metric of belief accuracy, matching survey respondents' beliefs with the corresponding real-world datum at the time of the interview in their country, retrieving high levels of inaccuracy in both issues. More educated individuals display higher belief accuracy, most likely due to selection, rather than causality: compelling otherwise-dropouts to stay in school by extending compulsory education does not entail a significant effect on belief accuracy, in both issues. Taken together, cross-sectional and causal estimates suggest that education is necessary, but not sufficient, to contrast inaccurate beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, the inclusion of graphic photographs in the news has been a matter of controversy. One important criticism made by news audiences is that the publication of graphic imagery could be guided by racial and cultural biases. However, there is little empirical research to either support or disprove this notion. Therefore, this study investigated several factors that could be related to the publication of graphic imagery. Images included in news about tragic events published by Mexican, U.S. and German print newspapers (N = 1,746) were analyzed in a quantitative content analysis. We particularly studied whether the inclusion of graphic images is more likely for certain events or for certain victims. Results showed that news about geographically and culturally distant events is more likely to include graphic imagery than news about proximate events. In addition, we discovered that non-White victims and non-citizen are more likely to be shown in graphic imagery. Finally, we found that Mexican and U.S. newspapers are more likely to publish graphic images than German newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the sensemaking experiences of expatriate workers in Japan as they assimilate into their organizations. Data were collected through a series of 23 semi-structured interviews, with participants ranging from one to twenty years' experience living and working in Japan. Expatriates made sense of feelings of inclusion, strong relationships with other expatriates, and special accommodations in the Japanese workplace, which helped them integrate into their organizations. These socialization experiences led participants to stay with the organization. However, when expatriate workers felt isolation or experienced inflexibility in their organization, they indicated no intention to stay. This study provides valuable insights to the literature of organizational socialization and sensemaking by adding the unique experiences of expatriate workers in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on ethnic boundary‐making literature, this study investigates how Korean newspapers and readers adjusted their ethnic boundaries towards Asian migrants in response to the evolving phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We analyzed the extent and nature of coverage in five major newspapers on anti‐Asian racism in the US published between January 1 and May 24, 2020, along with associated reader comments. During the maintenance phase, marked by persistent concerns about the resurgence of infections, we observed the highest number of articles and the most significant disparities between the media's portrayal and reader reactions. Contrary to the newspapers, readers perceived the racist threat faced by Asian migrants differently depending on the pandemic circumstances, displaying a more flexible boundary‐making. Despite the general description of Asian diasporas as "innocent comrades" in newspapers, readers viewed the Chinese and Korean diasporas as "blameworthy foreigners," regarding them as potential threats to the nation. We discuss factors and conditions that might have influenced the formation of transborder ethnic boundaries among Korean newspapers and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medieval citizenship is often defined as the rights and duties that individuals had in medieval polities, including political participation, individual protection within the city in cases of legal or commercial conflicts, or the privilege of being judged by certain courts, rather than by others, and by one's peers, rather than by foreigners. Typically, the status of citizen was further bound to the taxes individuals of that polity had to pay or the military duties they had to fulfil. This understanding of citizenship differs significantly from the ways scholars in the field of political sciences have been discussing the term over the past two decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global work—any work arrangement that spans multiple countries and involves employees who are collaborating with one another, are culturally diverse and often are geographically dispersed—is a fascinating and timely research domain given the current social, technological, and geopolitical landscape. It may therefore be particularly tempting to explore novel theories and phenomena, and we have indeed seen a proliferation of new theories over recent years. However, we argue the global work domain needs to balance new theory development more carefully with theory testing and replication if it is to build cumulative scientific knowledge. In this editorial, we review established models and newer theories of global work that offer opportunities for theory testing, including (a) expatriate adjustment and adaptation theories, (b) models of global leadership effectiveness and expatriate managerial behavior, and (c) frameworks of global career consequences. We also identify existing empirical studies, whose replications would help advance the global work domain. This involves (a) deductively testing inductively developed models, (b) expanding existing studies to other types of global workers or adding meaningful new variables to a conceptual model that was examined, (c) using alternative methodological approaches to assess the predictions or research questions, or (d) adopting novel measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have witnessed growing emphasis on exceptional measures to address unauthorised arrivals. This article unpacks the relationship between migration policies, irregularity, and insecurity, by examining the consequences of a specific, yet often neglected, measure: the criminalisation of irregular migration (namely, the introduction of the "crime of irregular migration"). Investigating the cases of Italy and France, two of the countries with the most severe sanctions in Europe, it argues that criminalisation led to a two-fold feedback loop. On the one hand, by exceptionalising migration and constructing a continuum between migrants and criminals, criminalisation enhanced a sense of insecurity among the domestic public. On the other hand, by giving foreigners in irregular situations a criminal record, it increased their reliance on underground networks to stay and work in destination countries. Overall, this fostered demand for restrictive, yet counterproductive, policies, creating a vicious cycle of insecurity and irregularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geographical (im)mobility of immigrants in host countries is a significant issue due to its strong links with the integration process. This is particularly evident in Italy, a country with a long history of emigration, where the foreign resident population has now become a structural element of society. Using original data sources and adopting a (pseudo) longitudinal and multiscale approach, this paper provides new insights into the stability and types of internal migration among the main 20 foreign communities residing in Italy in 2011 and in 2018. Significant heterogeneity emerges not only among the different foreign groups but also between metropolitan contexts in the north and centre-south of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of domestic monetary policy on capital flows after controlling for the effect of conventional push factors (global factors). We conduct a time‐varying coefficient vector autoregressive (TVC‐VAR) model analysis using monthly data (January 2010–July 2019) from Korea. Our empirical results show that an expansionary monetary policy shock has a short‐run (1‐ and 3‐month) negative impact on gross inflows to the equity market, which is the main driver of gross capital inflows to Korea. This negative effect increases throughout the sample period. Monetary policy easing is also associated with a decrease in outflows of equity, representing a reversal of Korean residents' foreign equity investment as the domestic policy rate decreases. This effect dampens the negative impact on gross capital inflows, which leads to mild responses of net capital inflows in the short run. We also find a clear relationship between the level of the policy rate and its impact on gross capital inflows. The lower the policy rate, the greater the negative impact of the expansionary monetary policy shock on gross capital inflows. This time‐varying effect reflects difficulties that many emerging market economies, including Korea, face in setting monetary policy when policy rates are low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-initiated expatriates are recognized as a major source of knowledge and have the potential of acting as key players in helping organizations gain and maintain competitive advantage. Using conservation of resources theory as a guiding theoretical framework, we examined the effect of job embeddedness on self-initiated expatriates' knowledge sharing, as well as the moderating effects of career capital and supervisor incivility. We utilized a sample of 170 self-initiated expatriates and their supervisors working in public service organizations in the United Arab Emirates. Results showed that job embeddedness was positively related to the two facets of knowledge sharing: knowledge donating and knowledge collecting. The study also revealed that knowing how career capital positively moderated the relationship between job embeddedness and knowledge donating, while it did not moderate the relationship between job embeddedness and knowledge collecting. Supervisor incivility negatively moderated the relationship between job embeddedness and both knowledge donating and knowledge collecting. This study examines the motivational and contextual factors that affect knowledge sharing of self-initiated expatriates, which have previously been overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractNew global multi-directional migration flows are decentering extant analyses of White expatriate migration. As migration becomes more diversified, new lines of intellectual inquiry are surfacing about the experiences of middle-class non-white expatriates. This paper uses the case study of China, which with the rise in immigration, has an increasingly diverse ‘expatriate’ population. While the visibility of White expatriates in non-white-majority host countries may compel them to adopt lifestyles segregated from the local population, expatriates of Chinese heritage in China have the (dis)advantage of blending in with the local population. This paper examines the experiences of Singaporean-Chinese migrants in China where their ethnic proximity to the Chinese can be both a boon and a bane. We present our findings in three sections addressing: first, how ethnic proximity can enable mobilities including motility and a mobile sense of belonging; second, how mobilities can condition ethnic proximity as experiences of privilege but also reminders of non-belonging; and third, how participants’ change in life phases i.e. temporalities shift meanings of proximity, mobility and mobile belonging. Through highlighting the multidimensional nature of mobilities – proximity, motility, temporalities – this paper contributes to studies of middling migration, (ethnic) proximity and mobilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Padding is the practice of adding nonvoters (e.g., noncitizens or disenfranchised prisoners) to an electoral district in order to ensure that the district meets the size quota prescribed by the one man, one vote doctrine without affecting the voting outcome in the district. We show how padding— and its mirror image, pruning—, can lead to arbitrarily large deviations from the socially optimal composition of elected legislatures. We solve the partisan districter's optimal padding problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While 'multicultural co-living (tabunka kyōsei) in regional societies' was established in the mid-2000s as the principle justifying public policies for foreign residents in Japan, it was often criticized for espousing a logic that hides foreign residents' lack of participation in Japanese society. Responding to such criticism, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) and an academic advocating 'tabunka kyōsei 2.0' tried to reform the concept to promote community cohesion and foreign residents' social participation by introducing the values of interculturalism and inclusion. In the same period, however, through the development of 'regional empowerment (chihō sōsei)' policies, another interpretation of 'tabunka kyōsei in regional societies' emphasizing the utilization of 'foreign human resources' to compensate for declining populations and economies in local areas emerged. It became the dominant logic justifying the Japanese government's new 'society of kyōsei with foreign nationals' principle until the end of the 2010s. The MIC's interpretation of tabunka kyōsei in regional societies was marginalized due to its internally confused logics. This article critically examines the complicated intertextual reformation process of concepts and principles around tabunka kyōsei in Japan in the 2010s through detailed text critiques of numerous official documents published by the central and local governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of host-country nationals who work in the foreign subsidiaries of multinationals is a crucial strategic resource for their employers. This study explored the role that cultural intelligence plays in employees' knowledge sharing within a cross-cultural workplace context. Building on social identity theory, this study developed a theoretical framework to explore how host-country nationals' cultural intelligence could enhance their knowledge sharing via increasing their social identity, and further investigated the mediating role of host-country nationals' relationships with expatriates and identification with their organization. Using survey data from 412 host-country nationals working for 16 foreign subsidiaries in South Korea, I found that cultural intelligence directly predicted knowledge sharing. The results support and extend the extant literature and provide practical implications for multinationals regarding the management of host-country nationals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Essay examines the impact of foreign policy collaborations, leading up to the Los Angeles Declaration on Migration and Protection, signed by twenty Western Hemisphere governments in 2022, on peoples' possibilities for migration and residence. Engaging Critical Legal Rhetoric and Rhetorical Historiography methodologies, this Essay examines the long history of foreign policy and interstate partnerships in the Americas to manage human migration in the region. We argue that foreign policy collaborations are yet another method to augment US power and influence in the region, limit possibilities for human migration northward, and completely remake the regional landscape of borders and nation-state sovereignty in the Americas. After outlining our methodology, our analysis begins with the collaborative response to the Central American civil wars of the 1980s and 1990s and the rhetoric deployed to warrant the political arrangements. In Part II.B., we examine discourse and political arrangements from the period between 2014-2021 when more Central Americans, especially families and minors, began presenting at the USMexico border than Mexican migrants. Our final section considers the regional collaborations implemented since 2021 to manage and regulate movement from South America to North America. Reading the moments together, we see the development of a regional migration management infrastructure through foreign policy collaborations to shift human migration south, farther away from the US southern border, and to prevent individuals from reaching territories where they may be able to seek asylum and other forms of humanitarian immigration relief. To conclude, we discuss the implications of a regional migration management system and suggest a need to rethink what nation-state borders are, how they function, and how collaborating countries serve each other's goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

States increasingly use driver's license laws to further policy objectives unrelated to road safety. This symposium contribution employs a health justice lens to focus on one manifestation of this trend--state schemes that prohibit noncitizen residents from accessing driver's licenses and then impose criminal sanctions for driving without authorization. Status-based no-license laws not only facilitate legally questionable enforcement of local immigration priorities but also impose structural inequities with long-term health consequences for immigrants and their family members, including US citizen children. Safe, reliable transportation is a significant social determinant of health for individuals, families, and communities. Applying a health justice lens to the weaponization of no-license laws against noncitizens will both catalyze new legal challenges and create momentum for coalition building and policy reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an ongoing crisis of despair involving migrants from abroad who are seeking refuge in one of the world's longest-standing, post-World War II democracies--India. There are roughly 4.9 million noncitizen migrants in India, with most coming from Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Because these migrants often live in the shadows, they are frequently deprived of fundamental human rights. On the one hand, it may seem surprising that this population remains so vulnerable. After all, India's Supreme Court has been a leading institutional light in safeguarding the rights of many marginalized groups. Supreme courts in other countries point to judgments from the Indian Supreme Court as a model for how to ensure that communities on the periphery are treated with dignity and due process. Furthermore, the Indian judiciary has been assisted in its progressive rights jurisprudence by a robust constitution and a vibrant civil society. Yet when it comes to noncitizen migrants, there has been a dearth of sustained judicial support. Additionally, while there is certain, important, bottom-up activism on behalf of these noncitizens, it has frankly not been enough to meet the cascade of needs that exist. This project focuses on how institutional inadequacies, at both the governmental and societal levels, have left noncitizen migrants among some of the most isolated individuals within India. Namely, the absence of specialized and independent immigration courts, an outdated immigration statute, a lack of a strong immigration legal profession, insufficient legal education on immigration law, and little research on immigration doctrine are key reasons why migrants face such dire circumstances today. Otherwise put, India's weak immigration infrastructure has sadly contributed to the difficulties noncitizen migrants face in accessing lawyers, the legal process, and, ultimately, justice within Indian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, based on fieldwork conducted in 2016 at the French national Court of Asylum (CNDA), explores reflections on the role and position of interpreters in the examination of asylum applications. Interpreters occupy a position that is at once an interstitial position – that is, at the crossroads of the social worlds of judges and claimants – and a 'bastard'position, in the sense that, although they are indispensable, their legitimacy is never fully established. To grasp the full ambiguity and complexity of their position, on the one hand, the article aims to shed light on the trajectories and working conditions of interpreters as actors in this system whose legitimacy is fragile, yet who play an essential bridging role between the institutions and the foreigners seeking their protection. On the other hand, it seeks to identify and explore other factors, beyond the codification of the role within highly standardized hearings, which may influence the ways interpreters carry out their missions in practice, in both speech and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trakya Journal of Education is the property of Trakya Journal of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study examines differential treatment in criminal justice systems based on citizenship status. Unlike prior research which has primarily been conducted in the United States, this study focuses on a sample of 11 European countries. The results show that between 2009 and 2018, there was an increase in non-citizen justice-involved persons (suspects, offenders, and prisoners) from foreign countries, compared to a decrease in justice-involved persons who were citizens. Similar results are found when examining European countries categorized by geoeconomic region (Eastern vs. Western areas), although the differences are more pronounced for Eastern countries. The results show that there are statistically significant differences by citizenship in the way these individuals are treated by the criminal justice system. These findings suggest the possibility that citizenship influences decision-making at multiple stages of criminal justice processing. To address this social issue, the results of this study suggest some strategies for policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the American expatriate community in Florence, Italy, between 1840 and 1865. Florence, with its history of liberalism, attracted reformers from all over the Atlantic world, including many Americans and Britons committed to antislavery. During the two decades before the Civil War, Florence attracted American and British cultural elites who valued its history, culture, cosmopolitanism, and suitability for untrammeled discussion and debate about a variety of liberal causes, including antislavery. For American reformers and intellectuals like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Charles Sumner, Theodore Parker, and Sarah Parker Redmond, the city represented both a physical location and an imagined community dedicated to antislavery and liberal reform. American abolitionists' interaction in Florence with English abolitionists such as Robert and Elizabeth Browning and Fanny Trollope suggests that the city looms larger in the geography of nineteenth-century abolitionism than previously appreciated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the Islamophobic politics at the heart of citizenship denial in the context of India's CAA-NRC legislation in December 2019 by the Indian Parliament under the leadership of the BJP. The politics of citizenship denial in India thus emerges in appearance as a legal tussle between the Muslim minority citizenship rights and Hindu nationalism in India. However, the biopolitical fracture of the Indian nation-state makes the legal ideal of citizenship further complicated for Muslim minority citizens in India. Tracing the logic of the paradoxical position of Muslim citizenship discourse in India by following its contradictory existence in law, state, and nationalism, this article reveals the limitations of appeal to citizenship, and the necessity need for the question questioning of the biopolitical fracture, wherein the distinction between citizen and non-citizen translates into those with rights and without rights. This article further proposes that rather than sticking to the idealism of citizenship, a critical analysis of Islamophobia and its political correlates must attend to the negative position of the Muslim subject in with respect to the biopolitical fracture at the core of Indian nationalism and the modern nation-state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although organizations increasingly rely on and invest heavily in expatriate assignments, a large proportion of these assignments fail. Given a notable gap in the expatriate literature, we advance a conceptual model focused on improving transfer of expatriate training to the host country work role as a means of addressing these challenges. We integrate relevant theory on expatriate cross‐cultural training, expatriate identity, and accountability for transfer to propose a conceptual model that delineates specific mechanisms through which the transfer of expatriate training, and ultimately expatriate adjustment, can be facilitated. Our model and specific research propositions are premised on the role of identity due to its centrality in developing a sense of accountability for transferring training, and its relevance to the success of expatriate assignments. The propositions and practical recommendations, unlike existing transfer strategies that are sometimes atheoretical or implemented haphazardly, are anchored in a common lens of accountability and identity. By doing so, we uniquely provide systematic and strategic insight about efforts to improve expatriate training, thus facilitating expatriation. A conceptual model and testable research propositions provide numerous pathways for advancing future research focused on the success of expatriate assignments through training. Practical guidance and recommendations, as yoked to a shared theoretical foundation, are presented to help organizations and managers bolster the transfer of expatriate training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article in the Australian Historical Studies journal discusses various topics related to Australian history. It begins with an examination of the corporatization of universities and its impact on the appointment and seniority of history staff in Australian and New Zealand universities. The authors find that academic appointments in history have become more gender balanced, with women matching men in seniority by 2022. The article also explores the historical concept of "terra nullius" and its association with the colonization of Australia. It discusses the under-enumeration of Greeks in Australian censuses during World War I and the discrimination they faced. Additionally, the article delves into the history of birth control among Aboriginal women and the tensions between cultural restoration and women's right to choose. It also examines the role of white women in the development of radio in the 1930s and the representation of Australian space in popular media. The visits of American presidents Herbert Hoover and Lyndon Johnson to Australia are analyzed, highlighting their impact on public opinion and the US-Australian alliance. Lastly, the article explores the history of General Motors-Holden in Australia and the significance of its gold watch reward scheme. The article concludes with a tribute to the late Professor Lyndall Ryan, a renowned historian known for her work on women's and Aboriginal Australian histories. [Extracted from the article]

Various studies suggest a positive effect of host country citizenship on the educational outcomes of immigrants' children. However, little is known about when and for whom citizenship matters and how much this is affected by potential endogeneity in the relationship between parental citizenship acquisition and their children's educational outcomes. Focusing on the Netherlands, this article exploits siblings' variation in their exposure to naturalization in order to net out the effect of time-constant parental characteristics. Results from a linear mixed model show that children who acquire Dutch citizenship have a substantial advantage in terms of academic performance over those who are still foreign citizens, especially if they naturalized in early childhood. A novel bounding estimator that gauges the sensitivity of the estimates to omitted variable bias confirms the robustness of these results. Moreover, the effects of citizenship are concentrated among students whose parents are at a disadvantage in the labour market and housing market, shedding light on hitherto under-explored effect heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studies the residential mobility of Italians and foreigners in Rome from 2002 to 2019. We examine the differences in residential mobility patterns for (1) Italians and foreigners, (2) foreign migrants by selected country of origin, and (3) the effect of intra‐urban mobility on residential segregation. Log‐linear models and segregation indexes are used to analyze unpublished microdata on residential mobility by neighbourhood from the population register of Rome. Results show that foreigners are more mobile than Italians and more prone to move outside the area where they live, but with an increasing process of remaining in their current locations over time. Also, similarities and differences emerge by country of origin. Finally, we find residential mobility has increased the spatial concentration and clustering of foreigners in Rome, whilst reducing the dissimilarity from Italians at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Law enforcement officers commonly must respond to situations in which a person is experiencing acute symptoms of a mental illness. Yet from the first moment of police involvement, these community members face the possibility of negative outcomes. Consequences include officers’ use of excessive force leading to injury or death, criminal arrest and prosecution that results in deprivation of liberty, separation from the community, and the creation of a permanent criminal record that affects other rights. Although potential violence and criminalization are importantreasons to avoid relying on police during mental health events, another key consideration is often ignored in the discourse: the specific heightened repercussions noncitizens face. Namely, noncitizens face the additional possibility of deportation. Because immigration law and policy link local law enforcement to the federal government, noncitizens contend with the risk of transfer from criminal to immigration custody, even if criminal charges are not imposed. The myriad problems within the immigration system—including lack of access to counsel and inadequate mental health care—increase mentally ill noncitizens’ likelihood of ultimately being deported. This Article calls for systemic changes to policing that account for the unique experience of noncitizens with mental illnesses. This Article also offers a set of Principles by which future proposed police reforms can be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, in Priva v. U.S. Attorney General, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that to prevail on a due process claim regarding the denial of counsel during a deportation-related reasonable fear hearing, a noncitizen aggravated felon must show that they were substantially prejudiced by the denial. Some courts have applied the substantial prejudice requirement to due process challenges to immigration proceedings. These courts have essentially treated denial of counsel claims as equivalent to other due process disputes. A majority of circuits recognize, on the other hand, that demonstrating substantial prejudice is not required when there is a corresponding statutory right to counsel. This Comment argues that the Priva court was wrong to impose the substantial prejudice requirement because there is a federal statutory right to counsel in deportation proceedings and the denial of counsel is distinct from other due process challenges due to its inherently prejudicial consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family and immigration law are inevitably linked as children and families continue to cross borders. In the United States, state actors routinely make family law decisions that can have determinative effects on whether certain immigration opportunities are opened or foreclosed to noncitizens. These state actions include: (1) granting marriage certificates and divorce decrees; (2) recognizing intercountry adoptions; (3) certifying required forms for a federal grant of U nonimmigrant status; and (4) making special findings required for a federal grant of Special Immigrant Juvenile Status. This Note brings awareness to the vital role states play when immigration and family law intersect, filling a gap in immigration federalism discourse. Additionally, this Note calls for greater resources and training opportunities to help state actors understand their crucial role in the immigration process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyze the meanings of community care (hereafter CC), understood as the set of social care practices that are articulated from spaces managed by the community and involve various daily actions essential to sustaining life. The identification of the CC deployed, especially by immigrant women, shows the state's neglect of foreigners. Our research aims to understand the meanings of CC of Latin American women who participate in non-institutionalized groups in Spain, from where they carry out various practices of co-management of "their" (self) care in contexts of migration. Based on a qualitative methodology, we show how these experiences involve survival and agency strategies at different levels. We conclude by highlighting how migrant women's knowledge in this field allows us to explore new places and ways of thinking about CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internment of 'enemy subjects' in many countries in response to the outbreak of war in Europe in August 1914 reflected global security concerns. South Africa, then a newly constituted Dominion of the British Empire, followed London's lead and interned some 2,500 German and Austro-Hungarian nationals. Based on the examination of official and private records, this article analyses the story of a German, migrant couple: Karl and Marie Hens. It explores their life in South Africa hustling to make a living and then, after August 1914, first to escape and then survive war-time internment. It reveals the difficult relationships between them and their communities and between the internees themselves and the relief agencies; from the impact of severe personal restriction and growing impoverishment to the politics of release in 1919. Yet, as Marie no doubt realised, the wives and children – not interned, and left at the mercy of their 'British' neighbours – suffered the most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notwithstanding punitive implications, immigration detention as an administrative deprivation of liberty represents a characteristic police measure, targeting deportable noncitizens with limited rights and protections. Drawing on an analysis of the detention system in Finland, I discuss different functions of immigration detention, focusing on police powers in the governance of mobile populations. In Finland, immigration detention is separated from the criminal justice system and delegated to the police, who possess broad powers to impose coercive measures for the enforcement of immigration decisions and social control in the absence of effective judicial supervision. Despite being affiliated with the removal of rejected asylum seekers, immigration detention also is intertwined with crime prevention and control of irregular migration. In addition to deprivation of liberty in the first place, police measures support removal procedures that continue during detention, as well as other administrative strategies to control deportable people and deter unauthorized residency, involving varying degrees of coercion. Though connected with criminal justice and manifestations of penal power in border criminology discussions, immigration detention can arguably be better understood as a coercive police measure, which can be employed alongside other administrative means for immigration enforcement outside of the criminal justice system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the humility-helping hypothesis, the question of whether humility affects altruistic behavior has received extensive attention. However, researchers have not established many links between humility and international altruism. The study explored humility as a stable personality trait and assessed whether it encouraged international altruism. It also examined the underlying mechanism between the foregoing relationship. We recruited 940 college students aged 18–23 to participate in an anonymous online survey and obtained 929 data points. The results showed that humility has a direct impact on international altruism. They largely supported the theoretical framework of the humility-helping hypothesis on the inter-group level. We also addressed the mediating effect that identification with all humanity had in the relationship between humility and international altruism. The findings showed that two forms of empathy (empathy and group empathy) have a moderating effect, indicating that different forms of empathy should be more emphasized in different social situations. Taken together, the results show that developing people's humility and helping them to identify with all humanity are key to promoting inter-group altruism, especially for those who can empathize with other people or groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi is the property of Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Integrating anxiety and uncertainty management (AUM) theory and theory of organizing, this study aims to contribute to the knowledge management literature by examining the interdependent and bidirectional nature of knowledge transfer between expatriates and host country nationals (HCNs). Specifically, the authors investigate how receivers' cognitive response to senders' behaviors during their interactions becomes an important conduit between senders' behaviors and the successful transfer of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used the actor partner interdependence model to analyze data from 107 expatriate-HCN dyads. The authors collected the responses of these expatriate-HCN dyads in Shanghai, Taipei, Hong Kong, Vietnam, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and India. Findings: Receivers' interaction anxiety and uncertainty, as a response to senders' relationship building behaviors, mediate the relationship between senders' relationship building behaviors and successful knowledge transfer. When senders are expatriates, senders' communication patience and relationship building behaviors interact to reduce the direct and indirect effects of both receivers' interaction anxiety and uncertainty. However, when senders are HCNs, the moderation and moderated mediation models are not supported. Originality/value: The study contributes to the knowledge management literature by investigating knowledge transfer between expatriates and HCNs using an interpersonal cross-cultural communication lens. The authors make refinements to AUM theory by going beyond the sender role to highlighting the interdependence between senders and receivers in the management of anxiety and uncertainty which, in turn, influences the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication. The study is also unique in that the authors underscore an important yet understudied construct, communication patience, in the successful transfer of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to develop an extended social attachment model for expatriates, integrating a multiple stakeholder perspective, to understand evacuation decisions during disasters. Design/methodology/approach: Through interviews with 12 Tokyo-based expatriates who experienced the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disasters, this study collects the lived experiences of a diverse set of expatriates. This data is analyzed abductively to map relevant evacuation factors and to propose a reaction typology. Findings: While the 2011 Tohoku disasters caused regional destruction and fears of nuclear fallout, Tokyo remained largely unscathed. Still, many expatriates based in Tokyo chose to leave the country. Evacuation decisions were shaped by an interplay of threat assessment, location of attachment figures and cross-cultural adjustment. The study also discusses the influence of expatriate types. Practical implications: Disaster planning is often overlooked or designed primarily with host country nationals in mind. Expatriates often lack the disaster experience and readiness of host country nationals in disaster-prone regions in Asia and beyond, and thus might need special attention when disaster strikes. This study provides advice for how to do so. Originality/value: By unpacking the under-researched and complex phenomenon of expatriate reactions to disasters, this study contributes to the fields of international human resource and disaster management. Specifically, seven proposition on casual links leading to expatriate evacuation are suggested, paving the way for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]