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The study of gender differences has recently become a growing focus. Nothing is more evidence of this than the fact that in 2023 Claudia Goldin (who studied the position of women in relation to the labour market) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics. Furthermore, internationally, there are numerous studies that examine the differences between women and men as leaders and managers. The question arises as to what factors play a significant role from the perspective of women managers in starting and managing a successful business. The present research focuses on the analysis of a Romanian brand - Musette3 - which is co-founded by a woman (through Cristina Batlan) and is represented internationally. Despite the considerable success of the Musette brand, there is a lack of literature in Romania on the study of this brand4. Consequently, the objectives of our study are5: (1) to identify the conditions that should be the pillars of a start-up business, (2) to identify the factors without which there is no possibility of further development and lasting success, and (3) to examine the brand personality characteristics of Musette. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, Friedrich Hayek is the only winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics who also holds a law degree. The role of law is central to Hayek's work and prominent in the research program of the Austrian School of Economics generally. Although Hayek's contributions to jurisprudence are manifest, as are the influence of his economics ideas, his influence on the field of law and economics has remained modest. This lecture, delivered as the Keynote Lecture at the 2023 Asian Law & Economics Association Annual Meeting, provides an introduction to the fundamentals of an Austrian Law & Economics research program in contrast to the mainstream, Chicago-school research program that has dominated the field since its early history. Compared to the neoclassical approach, Austrian thinking provides a more insightful approach to many of the key concepts generally associated with the economic analysis of law: the nature and success of the common law as a system of law, the importance of stability and simple rules in the law, and the strong preference for private ordering via contract, personal autonomy, and voluntary exchange exhibited in the common law. I identify and briefly describe six key distinguishing characteristics of the Austrian school that distinguishes it from neoclassical law and economics: (1) Methodological individualism, (2) Utility and Costs are subjective, (3) the division of knowledge, (4) spontaneous order, (5) competition as a discovery procedure, and (6) the nature of economic equilibrium. I will also highlight some of the ways in which examining law and economics through an Austrian framework provides valuable insights about law and economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a retrospective on the life and work of Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist who won a Nobel Prize in Economics. Kahneman's research focused on understanding human behavior and challenging traditional economic models. He made significant contributions to the fields of judgment and decision-making, prospect theory, and behavioral economics. His books became best-sellers and popularized his research. The given text is a list of references cited in an article that explores biases in judgments and reveals heuristics of thinking under uncertainty. It aims to provide insights into human judgment and decision-making processes. [Extracted from the article]

This text provides a summary of the life and work of economist Edith Penrose. It highlights her contributions to various areas of economics, including the growth of the firm, patents, the oil industry, multinational companies, and development economics. The text also discusses why Penrose was not awarded the Nobel Prize for economics, attributing it to the gender imbalance in the field and the fact that her work did not align with mainstream economic analysis. Overall, Penrose's work emphasized the importance of knowledge creation, the role of firms in economic growth, and the need for a more relevant and dynamic theory of economics. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the pitfalls of risk management and how they can affect water professionals. It highlights the importance of accurately identifying and assessing risks, as well as the impact of risk aversion on the process. The article also explores cognitive biases that can hinder accurate risk assessment, such as the availability heuristic and the anchoring heuristic. It emphasizes the need for data-driven decision-making and careful reasoning to mitigate these biases. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: This paper aims to extend the Shapley value (SV) into a discussion of Zakat, a Pillar of Islam. Lloyd Shapley was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2012. This study shows that their relationship is significant for all nations, that of levelling up. An important but neglected paper by Datta (1939) showed insights provided by the Power Law, or as it is sometimes called, the Pareto distribution, into the role of Zakat in raising the income of all above the subsistence level. The Pareto distribution describes the prevailing tendency. The SV illustrates the interdependence perspective of Zakat with the Pareto distribution, wealth, income and poverty. Payoffs apply equally to both givers and receivers. For this study's purposes, payoffs are considered as transferable utilities. They are formed by individuals who willingly cooperate in society rather than atomistic individuals who act independently. Zakat represents the recognition that society needs to be cooperative rather than individualistic; people cooperate in groups or societies to create value. SV implications and axioms are evaluated with an illustration. Design/methodology/approach: This study extends Datta's approach by introducing distribution weights into the SV. The authors set out the concept of weighted Shapley values that retain the elements of randomness and marginal contribution to a coalition contained in pure/true SVs and weights that follow a ley-Pareto distribution. This paper is a viewpoint work that relies primarily on the author's qualitative interpretation. Findings: The findings indicate that individual members of a coalition make multiple contributions that are often unrewarded. The contribution of one member of a coalition is dependent upon the contribution of others. The measure of contributions is payoffs, which have both monetary and non-monetary aspects; transferable payoffs or utilities are usually assumed. Furthermore, the significant agents in society or an organisation are stakeholders rather than the usual categories: managers, staff, shareholders, etc. Practical implications: Contextualising these concepts within the Islamic values and principles that guide Zakat administration is crucial to ensure that the distribution of Zakat funds is fair, equitable and meets the needs of all eligible recipients. By applying these concepts appropriately, Zakat administrators can ensure that the Zakat system functions effectively and fulfils its religious obligation. Originality/value: The novelty of this paper is that it blends the SV and the idea behind Zakat by introducing the idea of alternatives of Shapley weights. The link between the institution of Zakat and SV in terms of equality, poverty elimination and wealth distribution should be at the top of the research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the life and contributions of Kenneth Boulding, an economist, philosopher, and poet known for his interdisciplinary approach to various fields including economics, political science, sociology, and peace research. It highlights Boulding's critical insights, particularly his concept of "image" as a subjective knowledge stock that influences human behavior.

Bernanke’s policy, as today’s global inflation demonstrates, was not beneficial for the economy of the Unites States as well as for the global financial system in the long run. Yes, in 2008–2009 it “plugged holes”, but in the long run it only accelerated the global tendency of ruining the global financial system, and especially the financial system of USA. At the same time, previous two crises and their solution experiences clearly demonstrated that another policy was mode adequate in such situations. Those two solutions were more beneficial in the long run as they let USA “clear” its economy and launch its long-term powerful economic development.

When Professor Katarzyna Szymanska-Debowska invited me to write a few lines about my friend Jean Mawhin, I agreed without hesitation. At that time Professor Roseau was a well-known mathematician, and Jean Mawhin was not 28 yet. In his talk entitled I A tribute to Juliusz Schauder i (see I Antiquitates Mathematicae i . 2018; 12(1):220-257 for an expanded version), Jean Mawhin said: I restrain myself to a somewhat impressionist tribute, and have mostly the words of some of the greatest mathematicians of the XXth century to show the high rank they all give to SCHAUDER's contributions. I First thought: about the title under which these thoughts are collected. i I oscillated between two possible titles: (1) I The First 80 Years of Nonlinear Analysis of Jean Mawhin i and (2) I An exercise of admiration: Jean Mawhin at the 80th anniversary i . [Extracted from the article]

In a later model Tinbergen did demonstrate that a sufficiently big positive shock might push the economy onto a different, more desirable, equilibrium path. Nor do they examine Tinbergen's idea that that the construction of a different institutional order was fundamental to Tinbergen's perspective on stability (Dekker [1], [2]). The Dutch economist Jan Tinbergen was most willing to explore the instability implied by his models. [Extracted from the article]

Policies to eradicate famines and inequality - another of Sen's favourite subjects - have to be derived from Sen's writings; he seems to have laid down no guidelines. Sen spent ten years at Trinity College as a student and teacher', but his proudest moment was when he was appointed as Master of Trinity College in 2008. Sen was also influenced by Kenneth Arrow's pathbreaking book I Social Choice and Individual Values i on which Sen built his own reasoning and contributions to welfare economics. This reveals the philosopher in Sen. Sen has authored over two dozen books apart from editing a book on Hinduism by his grandfather Kisht Mohan and several articles mostly related to welfare economics. [Extracted from the article]

About the Kuznets Prize The I Journal of Population Economics i awards the "Kuznets Prize" for the best paper recently published in the I Journal of Population Economics i . Graph Garima Rastogi Graph Anisha Sharma Garima Rastogi (University of Oxford) and Anisha Sharma (Ashoka University) have received the 2023 Kuznets Prize for their article "Unwanted daughters: the unintended consequences of a ban on sex-selective abortions on the educational attainment of women", which was published in the I Journal of Population Economics i (2022), 35, pp. 1473-1516. Period 2004-2006: Jinyoung Kim (Korea University) received the Kuznets Prize for his article "Sex selection and fertility in a dynamic model of conception and abortion", I Journal of Population Economics i 18: 041-067. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides an overview of behavioral economics, a field that examines human behavior in financial situations. The author discusses prospect theory, which explains how individuals make choices in gambling scenarios. The theory emphasizes that people prioritize gains and losses over their overall financial situation, and that individuals are more averse to losses than attracted to gains. The article also delves into the author's scientific career and the concept of loss aversion, exploring its evolutionary basis. Additionally, the text explores the two types of happiness: being happy in one's life and being happy about one's life. The author suggests considering both aspects of happiness and not solely focusing on financial wealth. The article concludes with the author's perspective on being a scientist, emphasizing the importance of maintaining curiosity and being open to changing one's mind. [Extracted from the article]

This article considers the institutional and intellectual trajectory of Elinor Ostrom as an interdisciplinary scholar in the postwar period and how her contributions have been reframed after she became the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Economics. Two distinct but interrelated historiographical problems influence our perceptions of Ostrom. The first relates to the difficulties women face in dual-career partnerships that often affect their ability to establish independent academic careers and gain fair recognition for contributions to shared research programs. How Ostrom negotiated these challenges highlights the many and often hidden constraints professional women face. The second problem is how to gauge or weight the work of the Ostrom who was a multidisciplinary scholar of the commons with that of the Ostrom who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Exploring her trajectory in public choice over a half century makes apparent the remarkable force a Nobel Prize exerts on post hoc appraisals of a career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imbens & Angrist ([5]) as well as this book explain why causality is so important to understanding how the world works without delving so much into the analytical details. I Readership i : Statistics and economics advanced undergraduate students, beginning graduate students as well as practitioners. There is a great interest in the use of causality, especially since the 2021 Nobel Prize for economics was won by two researchers, Guido Imbens and Joshua Angrist, who studied causality in natural experiments. [Extracted from the article]

The time lag between the publication of a major scientific discovery and the conferment of a Nobel Prize has been rapidly increasing for the natural science disciplines (chemistry, medicine-physiology, and physics), but has not yet matched the corresponding "waiting period" for the Nobel Prize in Economics. The aim of the present study is to empirically examine the time gap between pioneering work and Nobel recognition and discuss possible explanations for its variation across time and disciplines. The analysis provides evidence to support the argument that attributes such as bestowments of accolades widely regarded as Nobel Prize precursors, citation indices, and sharing of the award between multiple recipients, may explain this variation, but only to some extent. In the discussion that follows, the notably longer waiting period in economics is attributed to factors such as the laureates' age, the impact of which the current study cannot empirically examine. Since the Nobel Prize cannot be awarded posthumously, the Nobel Committee members may tend to grand the award to older economists before they pass away and become ineligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Daena: International Journal of Good Conscience is the property of Spenta University Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gunnar Myrdal (1898-1987) is known for his contribution to the founding of the Swedish welfare state as it was set up in the 1930s. He supported this process through his scientific input, namely the application of an expansive fiscal policy and the implementation of social programs. Myrdal’s interdisciplinary study on the status of racial relations in the USA at the end of the 1930s showed a systematic discrimination of African Americans by the majority. The study contributed to the anti-segregation law that prohibited segregation according to race in public schools in the 1950s. Being the first Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, he strived to keep communication intact between the Eastern and Western blocks through facilitating trade relations in the Cold War. Myrdal is most known for his impact on development theory. He was one of the first economists to address the topics of development, modernization, and integration of the newly set-up states after the Second World War. His development theory rejected the traditional neoclassical approach, which focused mainly on economic growth through capital accumulation and free trade. Instead, Myrdal stressed that reforms in developing countries must structurally transform the whole society and those institutions that hinder development. In Myrdal’s theory a strong state plays a central role in such transformations. Myrdal was also among the first who addressed endogenous problems of development. He (together with Hayek) received the Nobel Memorial Prize for Economics in 1974 for his work in the theory of money and his contributions to institutional analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

3 See my review, "What's Left of Cambridge Economics?" Geoffrey Harcourt had published on the Cambridge-Cambridge capital controversies, saving graduate students enormous trouble. But within a decade or so, the great window of academic effervescence and free thought that had been Cambridge economics would shut. [Extracted from the article]

Sweden's most influential economist for half a century, Assar Lindbeck (1930-2020) made important contributions to economic research across a wide range of topics, built up and directed one of Europe's most successful economic research institutes at the University of Stockholm, served on the Nobel prize committee for economics from the outset (1969-1994), as its chair from 1980, and advised Swedish governments across the political spectrum on economic reforms. Here is how I remember him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Informacion Comercial Espanola Revista de Economia is the property of S.G.E.E.I.P.C., Secretaria de Estado de Comercio, Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The creation and dissemination of scientific knowledge have been widely studied. However, studies revealing the influence of peer collaboration on the productivity of academics with widely recognized performance remain scarce. The same can be said about the size of collaboration networks and the expected range of co-authors for maximizing scholarly productivity. In this sense, the present investigation aimed to analyze the possible collaboration-scientific production and collaboration-dissemination elasticities of knowledge. To this end data was collected on the scientific production and collaboration of the 500 authors of the most cited articles on Open Innovation, as well as of all 86 Nobel Laureates in Economics available in the Scopus database. The data was treated and analyzed using the simple regression statistical technique, based on the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method with the incorporation of nonlinearities, characterized by the use of a Log-Log Model. The results point out that collaboration among peers exerts significant influence on the production and dissemination of knowledge, even among the most prominent individuals in their fields, such as Nobel Laureates in Economics, confirming what is found in the literature on the subject. However, despite what the literature points out, especially concerning the idea that the larger the collaboration network, the higher the productivity, the results found suggest that collaboration networks have the same characteristics of an economic production function, to the extent that after a certain point, the addition of one more researcher in the network generates the effect of decreasing marginal productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oliver E. Williamson, who died on May 21, 2020 at the age of 87, was one of the most influential social scientists of modern times. In 2009, he was co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics. As of mid-October 2021, he had been cited an astonishing 317,838 times according to Google Scholar. His measured influence outdistances that of even his fellow Nobel Laureates Elinor Ostrom (230,667), Douglass C. North (187,577) and Ronald H. Coase (123,686). This special issue of the Journal of Institutional Economics brings together a distinguished roster of scholars to remember Williamson, to elucidate some of his key ideas and influences, and to extend the reach of his ideas to new arenas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major contribution of Oliver Williamson, who was a 2009 Nobel Prize co-Laureate in economics, consists of proposing a heuristic analysis of governance structures, namely, the firm, the market, and what he will later call the 'hybrid forms'. This cardinal issue in organizational economics has made it possible to propose rigorous arbitration tools for the famous 'make or buy' decisions in modern market economies based on asset specificity and quasi-rents. However, Williamson's work goes far beyond these contributions alone. His contribution is based on a multidisciplinary theoretical background in building the science of organization. This is the important but sometimes neglected aspect of Williamson's work that I wish to highlight in this paper in memory of Williamson in regard to three major pieces on atmosphere (and informal organization), private ordering, and industrial pluralism. In doing so, I also propose reconsidering the different stages of Williamson's evolving science of organization from recent neo-institutional works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]