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Lice and fleas can play the role of vectors for different infectious agents. They can carry different path-ogens to sensitive hosts. The conduction of in depth research on microbiological insemination of lice and fleas meets serious setbacks because of lack of information about their normal microflora. The objective of this study was to determine in parallel superficial and internal bacterial insemination of the goat infesting species: Bovicola caprae, Linognathus stenopsis, Pullex irritans collected from naturally infested goats. The parasites that were collected with stelirized forceps were divided into 6 groups and examined ac-cording to the classic microbiological methods. The results received from our study showed that the bacterial composition of the surface of the insects which were examined, that is presented by Steptococcus spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp. and Clostridium perfringens is richer than the one from the inside – Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp. There are certain differences between the microflora of the separate species of insects., {"references":["Crystal, M.M. (1958). The mechanism of transmission of Haemobartonella muris (Mayer) of rats by the spined rat louse, Polyplax spinulosa (Burmeister). The Journal of parasitology, 603–606.","Desenclos, J. C., P. Bouvet, E. Benz-Lemoine, F. Grimont, H. Desqueyroux, I. Rebiere, P. A. Gri-mont (1996). Large outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi B infection caused by a goats' milk cheese, France, 1993: a case finding and epidemiological study. British Medical jour-nal, 312(7023), 91–94.","Durden, L.A., J.E. Lloyd (2009). Lice (Phthiraptera). In: Mullen, G.R., Durden, L.A. (Eds.), Medi-cal and Veterinary Entomology. Academic Press, Elsevier 59–82.","Holt, J.G., N.R. Krieg, P.A. Sneath, J.T. Staley, S.T. Williams (1994). Bergey's Manual of Deter-minative Bacteriology, 9-th Edition, Williams, Wilkins, Baltimore.","Hornok, S., R. Hofmann-Lehmann, I.G. Fernandez, M.L. Meli, V. Elek, I. Hajtos, A. Repasi, E. Gönczi, B. Tanczos, R. Farkas, H. Lutz, J. De La Fuente (2010). Survey on blood-sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) of ruminants and pigs with molecular detection of Anaplasma and Rick-ettsia spp. Veterinary Parasitology, 174, 355–358.","Houhamdi, L., D. Raoult (2006). Experimentally infected human body lice (Pediculus humanus hu-manus) as vectors of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia conorii in a rabbit model. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 74, 521–525.","Kumsa, B., C. Socolovschi, P. Parola, J.M. Rolain, D. Raoult (2012). Molecular detection of Aci-netobacter species in lice and keds of domestic animals in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. PloS one 7, 52377.","Lavoipierre, M.J. (1967). Feeding mechanism of Haematopinus suis, on the transilluminated mouse ear. Experimental parasitology 20, 303–311.","Mehlhorn, H. (2001). Insects. Classification. In: Encyclopedic Reference of Parasitology. 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 304–305.","Nelson, B.C. (1972). A revision of the new world species of Ricinus (Mallophaga) occurring on Passeriformes (Aves). University of California. Publication in Entomology. 68.","Otter, A., D.F. Twomey, T.R. Crawshaw, P. Bates (2003). Anaemia and mortality in calves infested with the long-nosed sucking louse (Linognathus vituli). Veterinary record 153, 176–179.","Pérez-Jiménez, A.L., I.A. Extremera, D. Ruiz (1994). Bacteriological study of the feathers and lice of captive common bizards (Buteo buteo). Avian Pathlogy 23, 163–168.","Prelezov, P., M. Lyutskanov (2002). Bacterial microflora of biting lice in an experimenal mixed invasion in chickens. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 5, 135–140.","Raoult, D., V. Roux (1999). The body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases. Clinical Infectious Diseases 29, 888–911.","Steinhaus, E.A. (1947). Insect Microbiology. International Literature, Moskow"]}

The aim of this PhD thesis was to determine the species composition and prevalence of ectoparasitic insects in goats in Bulgaria, to present more detailed information on their morphology, populational structure, specific localization and therapy as well as the more important details of the epidemiology, pathogenisis and clinical features of the entomoses. During a 2 year period-from 2018-2019 a total of 4599 naturally infested with ectoparasitic insects goats were included in the various studies. Goats in Bulgaria are infested with 6 species of ectoparasitic insects: Linognatus stenopsis, Linognathus africanus, Bovicola caprae, Pulex irritans, Hippobosca equina and Lipoptena cervi. Amongst them B. caprae, L. stenopsis, L. africanus and P. irritans are widely distributed. Under climatic conditions in Bulgaria, linognathosis and bovicolosis in goats were outlined with pronounced winter prevalence. The results demonstrated that young goats in bad condition are more frequently infested with fleas and lice. Changes were found out in some haematological and blood biochemical parameters: normocytic hypochromic anaemia in animals infected with sucking lice. The efficacy of preparations ivermectin, eprinomectin and amitraz against B. caprae on the 60th day post treatment was 73%, 100% and 98%, respectively; whereas respective rates against L. stenopsis were 92%, 100% and 92%., Настоящият труд има за цел да уточни видовият състав и разпространението на ектопаразитните насекоми по козите в България, да представи по-подробна информация за тяхната морфология, популационна структура, специфична локализация и терапия, както и за по-важните особености в епидемиологията, патогенезата и клиниката на причиняваните от тях ентомози. В рамките на 2-годишен период - от 2018 до 2019 г., в различните проучвания бяха включени общо 4599 естествено инвазирани с ектопаразитни насекоми кози. По козите в България паразитират общо 6 вида ектопаразитни насекоми: Linognathus stenopsis, Linognathus africanus, Bovicola caprae, Pulex irritans, Hippobosca equina и Lipoptena cervi. От тях широко разпространени в България са B. caprae, L. stenopsis, L. africanus и P. irritans. При климатичните условия на България, линогнатозата и бовиколозата по козите имат ясно изразена зимна сезонност. Получените резултати разкриха, че младите кози в лоша кондиция са по-често инвазирани с въшки и бълхи. Установени са промените в някои хематологични и биохимични показатели: нормоцитна хипохромна анемия при опаразитяване с кръвосмучещи въшки; левкоцитоза при опаразитяване с хапещи въшки; хиперпротеинемия и хипералбуминемия при инвазия с B. caprae; хипоферемия при инвазия с L. stenopsis. Ефективността на препаратите ivermectin, eprinomectin и amitraz на 60-ия ДСТ срещу B. caprae е съответно: 73%, 100% и 98%, а срещу L. stenopsis - 92%, 100% и 92%.