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The paper presents an analysis of the evolution of the improvement of the civil servants in the mayoralties of Romania in the period before the COVID 19 pandemic compared to the pandemic and post COVID 19 period, focusing on the need to digitize public institutions, a strong need for the challenges posed by the pandemic to both public institutions and private organisations, and last but not least to citizens as consumers of public services. The study presented in the paper aims to analyze how the professional training process was conducted in the 3 mentioned periods, to identify the advantages, respectively, the disadvantages of carrying out professional training programs among civil servants and identify the most efficient and preferred way for civil servants to carry out professional training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first bone up on the literature as regards the relationship between universities and the business environment and its role on the development of entrepreneurship as an engine of economic growth. We continued the paper by presenting this relationship in the context of introducing projects related to entrepreneurship within the University of Petroșani. In the methodology part, on the one side, the university - business entity partnerships are statistically analyzed and on the other side, the results of a enquiry that was applied to entrepreneurs during 2019-2021 within the POCU project ”EU - ENTREPRENEUR - increase of students participation from vulnerable categories to undergraduate study programs through entrepreneurial innovation ”POCU Contract /379/6/21. The paper brings to interesting conclusions about the relationship between universities and entrepreneurs and how it can intensify the efficiency of this collaboration from the perspective of increasing the entrepreneurial skills of students.

Eastern Region of Petroşani Depression is a complex intensely modified by coal mining activity, an activity that has increased the vulnerability of the system and the formation of critical environments which evolution over time is difficult to establish. Critical environments, seen as the product of environmental system malfunction caused by human intervention, takes the form of thresholds, characterized by phenomena of disorganization of information and energy that reduce or make disappear entirely the internal capacity of the system to self-regulate and to ensure a dynamic balance.

Energy poverty has an indirect impact on several policy areas, including health, environment and productivity. Tackling fuel poverty has numerous potential benefits, including lower health expenditure for governments, reduced air pollution and CO2 emissions, greater comfort and well-being, more stable family budgets and increased economic activity. This paper aims to highlight the level of energy poverty in Romania and the need of its decrease, compared to another European Union member states, according to the electricity prices and energy potential, all in the context of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is an area of strategic importance for the fact that ensure at fair prices the economic influence through competitiveness, internal production capacity and the political authority of a country. The possibility of energy supply affects the well-being of a country and fluctuation in energy prices affect the national well-being. And not finally, the defense capacity of a country also depends on a very good energy supply. As a member of the European Union, Romania must become an energy security provider, for which purpose it will have to contribute to the support of its objectives and by appropriate actions at national level. This paper aims to point out the need of the energy security in the national economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate risk phenomena occur and manifest in the atmosphere or on the surface of the Earth and consist of a precipitation, a suspension, a deposition of liquid or solid particles, or an optical or electrical manifestation. Climate risk phenomena are forms of violent manifestation of the weather, in the short term, causing, in the medium and long term, loss of human life, material damage and environmental degradation This paper wants to analyze the risk effects of climatic phenomena on the local population, the tourist flow from the analyzed area and on the environment as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several hundreds of large, medium and small coal pits operate in Romania, whose objective is the extraction of useful rocks and construction materials. Many of them cannot be considered as factors of obvious aggression towards the environment, since the changes in the area are minor. The purpose of the current paper is to present the impact of the exploitation activity from Tismana coal pit on the atmosphere as well as the quality assessment in the human settlements located near the coal pit. In order to evaluate the air quality, air samples were collected from significant points and the indicators were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since February 2022, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has gradually escalated and deepened the concerns the world about energy security. To understand the situation today, we must understand the importance of Russia in the global energy landscape and especially in Europe since this is the region of the world which is the most dependent on the energy supply from Russia. In Europe, fossil fuels represent approximately 70% of the final energy consumption and the European Union is the largest importer of natural gas in the world. That strong dependence is now forcing European countries to find alternatives to maintain the security of supply in the region. The diversification of the energy sourcing will be the key to energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the energy sector in the global economy is obvious and this is the reason why the main objective of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the world energy industry highlighting the effects on the fossil fuel, renewable energy sectors and energy demands. The price of oil has served as an additional indicator of the pandemic impact on the global economy. The reduced return on capital and the increased volatility in fossil fuel prices is making many investors look at these assets in the post-COVID World with a greater degree of caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the sex industry ranks third in the world, after two other illegal businesses that bring huge profits, namely drugs and arms trafficking. Sex tourism is a well-known phenomenon worldwide, being a silent industry, but in full expansion. It is often assimilated to activities in the field of prostitution due to the use of the services offered by this industry in the destination country. With the emergence of this type of activities, sex tourism gave birth to an industry of over 180 billion dollars worldwide involving a very large number of people, tourists on the one hand, and sex workers on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last ten years, the growth of the spa tourism sector, which includes a wide range of services from medical to wellness & spa tourism, has become very fast in Europe and in Romania as well. This situation is due both to the aging of the populations phenomenon in developed and rich areas and to the increasing incidence of some diseases related to the generalization of urban, sedentary lifestyle. The generosity of the natural spa resources that Romania and Hunedoara county are endowed with, determined that the most resorts can provide therapeutic solutions for a wide range of conditions and this paper aims at highlighting these aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the touristic offer, of the marketing programs and of the touristic market revealed that Romania has a rich mix of unique, world-class tourist objectives, ready to be capitalized. The urban tourism in Romania has the potential to contribute to the promotion of social development and also to establish a strong link with other economic sectors. But in Romania, as well as in other Central, Eastern European and developing countries, the Government is responsible for planning and controlling the development of tourism, the expansion of tourism being almost entirely dependent on public investment, often inadequate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the latest ten years, several cities all over the world have been starting to develop their own smart strategy, aiming at improving the quality of life of citizens and reducing environmental footprint. Romania as an EU member state must take into account the example of the other smart cities from Europe, for urban communities' development and life quality improvement, considering the fact that, smart and technological means more educated, healthier, less expensive, more involved in everything the public administration process means, more opportunities for the business and citizen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnitude and intensity of change, especially in the area of technology development, were extremely accelerated especially in the second half of the twentieth century. For this reason, approaches to bio-economic science have taken corrective action that will be able to restore a much more harmonious relationship between human society and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable tourism in the Petroșani Depression, as an alternative to the closure of mining activities, should aim to achieve a balance between development and conservation, to find the best tourism activity taking into account both ecological and socioeconomic elements. of it. But, the forms of tourism practiced in the open air, are intensely conditioned by the climatic conditions such as: air temperature, amount of precipitation, thickness of the snow layer, wind speed, etc. This paper aims to present an evolution of the amount of precipitation over a period of 40 years and to highlight the problems that may occur in the hot or cold season, depending on which, tour operators should take into account in tourism planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of cities and the urban system has developed as a research direction based on systemic theory, through which the city is introduced into the equation of geographical analysis more and more as an optimally open thermodynamic and informational system, with dissipative structures and a high capacity organization. The new transition conditions of the Romanian city and Romanian urban system as a whole put their mark on their evolution. From a centralized phase of urban development we move to a relatively chaotic one, in which the structuring processes are very confusing and the lack of adequate tools to control urban development through the intervention of civil society, communities involved and specialists accentuates the disorder. the level of the regional urban systems of the cities themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal from the Petrosani Depression has long been the main energy resource in the region, being an important factor in the development of industry in Romania since the communist period. Given the national economic and political conditions, but also geopolitical ones, they led to the life cycle of this energy resource approaching the end quickly, even if in terms of quantity, it could have been exploited for decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste is one of the most acute environmental problems. Waste management policies aim to reduce the impact on the environment and health and to improve resource efficiency. The long-term goal is to transform into a recycling society, avoiding waste and using the inevitable as a resource, whenever possible. The aim is to achieve much higher levels of recycling and minimize the extraction of additional natural resources. This paper wants to highlight a few options of waste management in Hunedoara county, as a conclusion that proper waste management could be a key element in the context of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the evolution of the thermal regime of the Petroșani Depression, Hunedoara county, Romania, in the context of developing the tourist potential of the region, given that in the future the main economic sector of the region will be tourism, becouse the mining activity will be closed. Climatic factors are one of the attraction keys for tourists arriving in mountain destinations. Thus, the air temperature, the precipitation regime as well as the thickness and duration of the snow layer represent the strong point of a mountain resort aimed for winter sports. In general, all forms of outdoor activity are influenced in one way or another by the effects of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to identify the main issues of the Câmpulung Muscel area and to offer the proper solutions for economic recovery. In the paper, were studied the physical-geographical, demographic, economic and technical, social and ecological indicators at different periods of time, by comparison, which establish the level of development. The regeneration of the area, focused on stimulating economic, agricultural and tourism activities, as well as the development of basic infrastructure to increase living standards and improve individual health, must be set as objectives of a sustainable development strategy, which must be implemented as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Săcelu Resort is the only spa resort in Gorj County and its tourist potential is given by the mineral waters which have been used since ancient times to treat different disease. During the communist period, the Săcelu resort experienced a very strong development, but in the present day it does not benefit of promotion from local authorities or travel agencies. This paper aims to analyse the tourist potential and its degree of capitalization in Săcelu resort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Râuşor tourist complex is the only area arranged for winter sports, especially skiing in Haţeg area and within the Retezat Mountains, which gives it a privileged status in the context of tourist development and a future transformation into a mountain resort of local interest. The aim of this paper is to analyse the infrastructure and tourist traffic of the resort and also to show the increase of tourist interest in this area as a result of financial investment in tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to suggest some ways of functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of lands affected by mining activity within the western part of Petroșani Depression and especially of Lupeni town. The study wants to show the great potential of these anthropic landforms which can be used for tourism development the area. The landscape is an important resource, being a remarkable natural and cultural heritage that is appreciated for its beauty and aesthetics, but also its contribution to the identity of a region. Beyond how the landscape sheds light on ways of looking at the world, it also confronts us with the issues of nature and how we relate to it. On the other hand, the urban and industrial development forces us to talk about urban landscape, industrial landscape, or technological landscape. The mining landscape from the periphery of Lupeni town can be a subject of touristic development, taking into account the economic problems of the area and the environmental issues made by the the mining activities through time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing the system’s degradation stage at regional level is essential for the strategy design, implementation of the rehabilitation solutions and restoration of the degraded land which must become an integral part of the mining reality. The present paper aims to suggest some ways of functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of sterile dumps within the administrative territory of Petroșani Depression and especially of Vulcan town. The study wants to show the great potential of these anthropic landforms which can be used for tourism development the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape is an important resource, being a remarkable natural and cultural heritage that is appreciated for its beauty and aesthetics, but also its contribution to the identity of a region. Beyond how the landscape sheds light on ways of looking at the world, it also confronts us with the issues of nature and how we relate to it. On the other hand, the urban and industrial development forces us to talk about urban landscape, industrial landscape, or technological landscape. The mining landscape from the periphery of Lupeni town can be a subject of touristic development, taking into account the economic problems of the area and the environmental issues made by the the mining activities through time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Petrosani Depression, considered to be the most important exponent of the hard coal mining industry in Romania, represents today an area characterized by serious social and economic problems. The economy of this region still depends strongly on the mining industry, which makes the other sectors underdeveloped. The failure of the restructuring process from the Petrosani Depression generated a series of serious consequences such as the reduction of the employed population, to which is added the difficulty of finding a new job, either due to the low supply of jobs compared to the demand, or due to the technical specialization of mining employees, which limited their employment opportunities in other economic sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate has always been variable, but today there is a growing concern over climate change issues, perhaps because the magnitude of the change seems to be unprecedented but, more importantly, because some scientists say that there is a strong evidence to suggest that humanity might be directly responsible for climate change. Any change in climate would lead to destabilization of environmental and social conditions in Europe and all around the globe. These disturbances could jeopardize the conservation of natural ecosystems and sustainability of social and economic systems. The EU faces major challenges from the increased threats of climate change, with serious consequences in the energy sector, where urgent issues are arising concerning the national production mix of each member state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape is the world around us, including everything we see or feel wherever we are. It is continuously in space and time: in space as a series of physical and social events, and over time as a continuity of these events that constantly change the space. Through this paper we wanted to make a quality assessment of the urban landscape of Petroşani town to highlight certain characteristics specific to the mono-industrial towns, which identity was lost along with the territorial, urban and socio-economic evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 60 years, tourism has become one of the most profitable industries, being in continuous development, which tends, however, to be a risky investment when this activity is dependent on climate, because not all years are successful and not all regions are up to the standards imposed by competition. Petrosani Depression is a territory with a real tourism potential waiting to be exploited, especially now, when the economic constraints are increasingly felt, due to the increasing reduction of activity in the mining field. Thus, we believe that tourism is an economic alternative integrated into the sustainable development of the micro-region. This paper aims to present the fundamental characteristics of tourism in this area, identifying the major problems and propose solutions to overcoming obstacles encountered in the development of sustainable tourism in Petrosani Depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosiuta coal pit is part of the Motru coal pits whose activity performed within the current lignite coal pit and has a capacity of about 3 million tons per year. During the studies it was found that all mining activity occurs due to its specific, multiple and varied adverse effects on the environment and consequently on population, as exemplified by: changes in the landscape, occupying large areas of land for operating activities, stockpiles, storage minerals, industrial plants, roadways, etc., land degradation, watershed polluted surface and groundwater, the groundwater hydrodynamic imbalance, negative influences on the atmosphere, flora and fauna, soil chemical pollution, noise, vibration and radiation spread into the environment, with a strong adverse action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the mining activities and minerals processing, spaces in relative equilibrium, change their dynamics through a regressive acceleration, generating other landscapes which operate in a high degree of entropy. Geomorphologic elements are modified, new superficial formations are created and accelerates the soil physicochemical processes. The total area from Petrila town which was affected by the coal exploitation and which must be rehabilitated is over 30 ha. The aim of this paper is to present a rehabilitation model of this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All mining activity occurs due to its specific, multiple and varied adverse effects on the environment and consequently on population, as exemplified by: changes in the landscape, occupying large areas of land for operating activities, stockpiles, storage minerals, industrial plants, roadways etc., land degradation, watershed polluted surface and groundwater, the groundwater hydrodynamic imbalance, negative influences on the atmosphere, flora and fauna, soil chemical pollution, noise, vibration and radiation spread into the environment, with a strong adverse action. Roşiuţa coal pit is part of the Motru coal pits whose activity performed within the current lignite coal pit and has a capacity of about 3 million tons per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the religious structure of the population in three counties of the geographical-historical province of Transylvania: Harghita, Covasna and Mureș census registered on October 20, 2011, data on this issue, the source is National Institute of Statistics. Regarding to religious structure in the mentioned area, the information is available for 1,031,652 people (of a total of 1,071,890 inhabitants), the majority being Orthodox cult followers (35.11%), followed by Roman Catholic (322,932 people, 31.30%), Protestants (242,680 people, 23.52%), Unitarian (41,905 people, 4.06%), Pentecostal (14,656 people, 1.42%), Greek Catholic (11,834 persons, 1.14%), Seventh-Day Adventists (10,346 people, 1.00%) and a group of other religions, people without religion with 2,167 people each (0.21%) and information unavailable (40,238 persons, 3.75 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomorphologic system response is primarily dependent on the intensity and frequency of anthropogenic exploitation activities held on a geomorphologic resources, and secondly, by the geological, meteorological and soil variables. The most important environmental variables are: quantity of precipitation, wind intensity, type of rock, soil erosion etc. Using the proposed calculation method, we want to quantify the result of the exploitation of mineral resources on the relief. The end result, expressed in value, being in fact the geomorphological system response to these human-induced disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of being part of European organizations, Romania took responsibility to produce until 2020 about 24% of its energy from renewable sources. Energy wise nowadays, hard coal gives 5-7% of the electrical energy produced in Romania. Based on this fact, but given the context of East-European conflict which can rewrite local and regional energy scenario, this paper analysis the opportunities of coal valorization, framed by the wider perspective of mineral production technologies, energy factors and geological reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To satisfy consumer demands for goods and services, and not only, has it been developed a better system of planning and organization of goods supply, and sell-off, respectively of distribution and conveyance facilities. In this case, for a more efficiently goods conveyance from supplier to customer, logistics sites have emerged, including modern storage premises, as components of an effective logistics system. Site logistics concept has been proposed to eliminate as much as possible the traffic congestion, from backbone road transport and urban distribution system of goods and also to reduce energy consumption and pollutant effects. This paper presents a simulation model for a design/sizing of a logistic site in conjunction with the particularity of activities taking place within such a site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spring of the indignations against the presidents of the North African states and in the Middle East has aroused worldwide interest, not only in terms of their political effects in those states, but rather in terms of how these events have been suppressed by authoritarian regimes and the effects on the global economy and geopolitics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of human impact on the relief is a challenge, because the assessment methods are very rare, due to the priority of assessing the human impact on other environmental components (water, air, soil, human communities) which are often ineffective when the term "relief" is considered synonymous with the term "landscape." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social and economic development determines the acceleration of the environmental components by changing the status and their response is apparent by highlighting conflicted relations in the territory. As technological development and anthropic areas within, started to extend, there has been a contradictory enhancement with the natural environment. Following this feed-back, it will be generated a new territorial dimension and architectural space, resulting in the relief by the appearance of the inversions and critical environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining pits are the result of the morphological process of rock excavation site with a reserve of useful mineral substances. Mining pit's morphology is particularly spectacular in terms of dimensional and designed landscape being characterized by an inversion of relief. Because of strong visual impact, measures to rehabilitate land affected by mining must seek aesthetic problem with industrial design projects, for a restful ambience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an objective necessity of restriction the scope of the steel timbering used for the current metal support of the underground excavations, resulting from the not correlation of the symmetric construction supporting system with uneven maximum vector manifestation of pressure, as well as economic considerations, generated by the high costs and labor for the lamination of metal profiles, by applying to the supplier a additional treatments improve, it becomes increasingly necessary to introduce and generalization on how to consolidate rocks by anchored support. The paper analyzes the possibility of generalization the anchored support for underground excavations, as well as the specific features of this support system in its interaction with the surrounding rock, with the aim of making the option for choosing this method of consolidation the rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality issues of rolled sections type SG for the metal sliding fittings of supporting, was and remains a matter of real concern, having in mind that the type of steels for machining and lamination processes to which they are subject, are the causes of obtaining, whether or not the optimal technical conditions, both during subsequent processing of the metal elements(cutting and curving)as well, especially during the mounting and operation of service for underground. In the spirit of the promotion and adoption of suitable sttels, this paper discusses the quality conditions which must meet, and how these factors influence the quality of the steel, and the quality of SG rolled sections manufactured in our country in terms of the elements and chemical analysis of a mechanical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]