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4 results on '"NFkB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells"'

2. Present cum future of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its associated control of virus-laden air pollutants leading to potential environmental threat - A Review

Author

Asmita Mishra, Hammad Siddiqi, Soumendu Boral, Bhim Charan Meikap, and Subhrajit Mukherjee

Subjects
Air pollution, ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials, 02 engineering and technology, Review Article, Pathways of Transmission, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol or Particulate Matter, MERS-CoV, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, Pandemic, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), CoV, Coronavirus, ALRI, Acute Lower Respiratory Infections, Waste Management and Disposal, API, air pollution index, IoT, Internet of Things, Airborne Virus, IHD, Ischemic Heart Disease, Dispersion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution, BCG, Bacillus Calmette Guérin, COVID-19, coronavirus disease, 2019, COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder, NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, 0210 nano-technology, Risk assessment, CSG, Coronavirus Study Group, HEME, High-Efficiency Mist Eliminator, 2019-nCoV, 2019 novel coronavirus, FCVS, filtered containment venting systems, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Control (management), EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, ISO, International organization of Standardization, ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, PM, particulate matter, Airborne transmission, WHO, World Health Organization, NFKB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, Prevention and Control Measures, ROS, reactive oxygen species, USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous waste, Novel Coronavirus, medicine, Environmental planning, VOC, volatile organic compound, UVGI, Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, NAAQS, National Ambient Air Quality Standard, SARS-CoV-2, Process Chemistry and Technology, ANN, artificial neural network, ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, COCOREC, Collaborative Study COVID Recurrence, SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), Sustainability, Business
Abstract

The world is presently infected by the biological fever of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present study is mainly related to the airborne transmission of novel coronavirus through airway. Similarly, our mother planet is suffering from drastic effects of air pollution. There are sufficient probabilities or evidences proven for contagious virus transmission through polluted airborne-pathway in formed aerosol molecules. The pathways and sources of spread are detailed along with the best possible green control technologies or ideas to hinder further transmission. The combined effects of such root causes and unwanted outcomes are similar in nature leading to acute cardiac arrest of our planet. To maintain environmental sustainability, the prior future of such emerging unknown biological hazardous air emissions is to be thoroughly researched. So it is high time to deal with the future of hazardous air pollution and work on its preventive measures. The lifetime of such an airborne virus continues for several hours, thus imposing severe threat even during post-lockdown phase. The world waits eagerly for the development of successful vaccination or medication but the possible outcome is quite uncertain in terms of equivalent economy distribution and biomedical availability. Thus, risk assessments are to be carried out even during the post-vaccination period with proper environmental surveillance and monitoring. The skilled techniques of disinfection, sanitization, and other viable wayouts are to be modified with time, place, and prevailing climatic conditions, handling the pandemic efficiently. A healthy atmosphere makes the earth a better place to dwell, ensuring its future lifecycle., Graphical abstract, Highlights • Causes and sources of air-borne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus • Pathways of airborne transmission via indoor and outdoor atmosphere • Combined effects of SARS-CoV-2 and air particulate emission over the environment • Control mechanism for aerosol particulate transmission of novel coronavirus • Potential future risk linked with COVID-19, air pollution and population

Published
2021

3. Predictive monitoring and therapeutic immune biomarkers in the management of clinical complications of COVID-19

Author

Amir Roudgari, Mehrnoosh Doroudchi, Golnar Sabetian, Shahram Paydar, Najmeh Rokhtabnak, Hamed Fouladseresht, and Hossein Abdolrahimzadehfard

Subjects
ssRNA, single-stranded RNA, CT, computerized tomography, Complications, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, RA, rheumatoid arthritis, Ab, antibody, LY6E, lymphocyte antigen 6 family member E, AT1R, Ang II receptor type 1, MDA-5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5, Immunopathology, GzmB, granzyme B, SAA, serum amyloid A, SARS, severe acute respiratory, Medicine, DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ORF-1ab, open reading frame 1ab, RT-qPCR, real-time PCR-quantitative PCR, Fio2, fraction of inspired oxygen, Lung, COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019, LDH, lactate dehydrogenase, AICD, activation-induced cell death, IRF-1, IFN regulatory factor 1, C3 and C5, complement proteins, RBD, receptor-binding domain, IP-10, interferon (IFN-γ inducible protein-10, CXCR, chemokine (C-X-C motifligand receptor, Acquired immune system, Prognosis, KL-6, Krebs von den Lungen-6, JUN, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, NSP, non-structural proteins, Cytokines, BEC, bronchial epithelial cell, rhIL-1ra, recombinant human IL-1 receptor, Antibody, Cytokine Release Syndrome, GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, NK, natural killer, WBC, white blood cell, MOF, multiple organ failure, CP, convalescent plasma, PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios, FcγR, Fc gamma receptor, Immunology, HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, PKR, protein kinase R, MERS, middle east respiratory syndrome, nAb, neutralizing antibody, LWR, lymphocyte-to-WBCs ratio, PT, prothrombin time, IVIg, intravenous immunoglobulin, Humans, mAb, monoclonal antibody, APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time, NFkB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome, Monitoring, Physiologic, ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rIL7, recombinant IL-7, Pao2, partial pressure of oxygen, rBP-C33, Leurecombinant surfactant protein C analogue, HLA, human leukocyte antigen, MUC, mucin, scFv, single-chain variable fragment, Biomarker, medicine.disease, CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, Immunity, Innate, IL, interleukin, RAS, regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, Clinical trial, TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor, APC, antigen-presenting cell, siRNA, small interfering RNA, CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motifligand, PRR, pattern recognition receptors, NLRP3, nod-like receptor protein 3, TMPRSS2, transmembrane serine protease 2, S-protein, spike-protein, Biomarkers, ACEI, ACE inhibitor, LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3, MIP, macrophage inflammatory proteins, Chemokine, NCT, clinicaltrials.gov identifier, CCL, chemokine (C-C motifligand, TLR, toll like receptor, CQ, chloroquine, NKRF, NFkB repressing factor, Cytokine storm, C-GAS-STING, cGAMP binds to stimulator of interferon genes, rhACE2-Fc fusion proteins, recombinant human ACE2-Fc fusion proteins, srhACE2, soluble recombinant human (srhACE2, CRP, c-reactive protein, BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, Immunology and Allergy, TGF, transforming growth factor, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, BTK, Bruton tyrosine kinase, biology, ICU, admissions to intensive care units, IFITM, interferon-induced transmembrane protein, PD1, programmed cell death protein 1, CRS, cytokine release syndrome, VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor, ISG, induction of IFN-stimulated gene, PCT, procalcitonin, S1PR, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, RIG, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I, CCR, chemokine (C-C motifligand receptor, TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3, Ang, angiotensin, Biomarker (medicine), AAK-1, activated protein (AP2 associated kinase 1, Chemokines, AEC, alveolar epithelial cells, ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme, SP, surfactant, NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, ChiCTR, chinese clinical trial registry, JAK, janus kinase, Th, helper T cell, Immune system, IFN, interferon, NTD, N terminal domain, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, HR-2, heptad repeat region-2, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, HCQ, hydroxychloroquine, SPo2, arterial oxygen saturation, MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein, Treg, regulatory T cells, RLR, RIG-I-like receptors, biology.protein, ARB, Ang II receptor blocker, dsRNA, double-stranded RNA, business, GAK, G-associated kinase, N, nucleocapsid
Abstract

Graphical abstract, The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), appears with a wide spectrum of mild-to-critical clinical complications. Many clinical and experimental findings suggest the role of inflammatory mechanisms in the immunopathology of COVID-19. Hence, cellular and molecular mediators of the immune system can be potential targets for predicting, monitoring, and treating the progressive complications of COVID-19. In this review, we assess the latest cellular and molecular data on the immunopathology of COVID-19 according to the pathological evidence (e.g., mucus and surfactants), dysregulations of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines and chemokines), and impairments of innate and acquired immune system functions (e.g., mononuclear cells, neutrophils and antibodies). Furthermore, we determine the significance of immune biomarkers for predicting, monitoring, and treating the progressive complications of COVID-19. We also discuss the clinical importance of recent immune biomarkers in COVID-19, and at the end of each section, recent clinical trials in immune biomarkers for COVID-19 are mentioned.

Published
2020

4. Present cum future of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its associated control of virus-laden air pollutants leading to potential environmental threat - A global review.

Author

Mukherjee S, Boral S, Siddiqi H, Mishra A, and Meikap BC

Abstract

The world is presently infected by the biological fever of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present study is mainly related to the airborne transmission of novel coronavirus through airway. Similarly, our mother planet is suffering from drastic effects of air pollution. There are sufficient probabilities or evidences proven for contagious virus transmission through polluted airborne-pathway in formed aerosol molecules. The pathways and sources of spread are detailed along with the best possible green control technologies or ideas to hinder further transmission. The combined effects of such root causes and unwanted outcomes are similar in nature leading to acute cardiac arrest of our planet. To maintain environmental sustainability, the prior future of such emerging unknown biological hazardous air emissions is to be thoroughly researched. So it is high time to deal with the future of hazardous air pollution and work on its preventive measures. The lifetime of such an airborne virus continues for several hours, thus imposing severe threat even during post-lockdown phase. The world waits eagerly for the development of successful vaccination or medication but the possible outcome is quite uncertain in terms of equivalent economy distribution and biomedical availability. Thus, risk assessments are to be carried out even during the post-vaccination period with proper environmental surveillance and monitoring. The skilled techniques of disinfection, sanitization, and other viable wayouts are to be modified with time, place, and prevailing climatic conditions, handling the pandemic efficiently. A healthy atmosphere makes the earth a better place to dwell, ensuring its future lifecycle., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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