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An attendant exerts all his strength to squeeze in as many passengers as possible into a car at the 28th Street Station in New York. The most prominent passenger feature is the contorting face of a Black man. He is surrounded by white riders, one of whom is trying his best to read the newspaper, a little girl, who stands with her legs akimbo, and a white woman, obscured by the window. The hectic scene muddles the identity of body parts, more akin to a game of Twister than a fantasy of public mobility across an urban landscape. Reduced to limbs and faces, the diverse passengers portrayed in Bernard Brussel-Smith's 1940 lithograph demonstrate its title: Subway Crush. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on four experiments aiming to examine immediate post-sentential recall of core sentence information (conveyed by direct objects), and optional/additional information (conveyed by temporal or locative adjuncts). Participants read simple and unambiguous Czech sentences such as Starší důchodce velmi pečlivě pročetl noviny v neděli v knihovně : "An older retiree read the newspaper very carefully on Sunday in the library." Sentences always appeared as a whole after pressing a space bar. Immediately after the sentence disappeared, an open-ended (free response) question was presented targeting either the direct object (e.g., newspaper), temporal adjunct (e.g., on Sunday), or locative adjunct (e.g., in the library). Altogether, it was found that the core information (conveyed by the direct object) was recalled almost perfectly, whereas additional information, conveyed by temporal and locative adjuncts, was recalled with significantly lower accuracy rates. Information structure also played a role: if the temporal or locative adjunct was focused, it was recalled better than if it was unfocused. The present article thus shows systematic differences in recall success for different pieces of information. These findings suggest the presence of selective attention mechanisms during early stages of sentence processing. Factors such as syntactic function or information structure influence the degree of attention to different pieces of information conveyed by a sentence. In turn, certain pieces of information may not be consciously accessible already after the sentence is processed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies show that female politicians face greater obstacles in their access to power that are normalized and enhanced by the role of the media. Contrary to their male counterparts, women in politics tend to receive different treatment by the media. This article analyzes the problem of gender stereotypes as drivers that frame opinion through the media coverage of the electoral campaigns and periods of government of Claudia López in Colombia and Manuela Carmena in Spain. The methodology used is mixed, and a total of 394 publications from the two most widely read digital newspapers in each country are analyzed, with the aim of identifying stereotypical frames. Following this, the analysis elaborates two variables: the intimate sphere and the traits related with gender roles and leadership. It can be seen from the results that eltiempo. com and semana.com in Colombia, as well as elmundo.es and elpais.es in Spain, demonstrate that the media continue to use frames that reinforce sexism, translated into differentiated media coverage, which also varies in times of campaign and government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walter Benjamin's critique and interpretation of journalistic form may be understood against the background of the longer-running philosophical preoccupation with newspaper reading and journalistic writing. His own contribution to this tradition takes shape in large part through his engagement with the work of Karl Kraus, the Austrian writer who, for Benjamin, embodied journalism "in its most paradoxical form." As this article shows, the work of Kraus is treated as the model of an "originary" journalism, reminiscent of the neue Zeitungen circulating at the threshold of the modern age, chronicling a history grasped as continuous catastrophe. But the ur-journalism modelled on Kraus does not stop at lamenting a world that has reached its fateful end; in Benjamin's rendering, it also turns every world-historical "now" into a "courtroom" where the present world both demands its liberation and prefigures the realization of this demand. (TV) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research evaluates the media treatment given to translators and interpreters during the war in Ukraine, with the main objective of finding out the coverage they have received in El Mundo, one of the most widely read newspapers in Spain. To this end, its publications from 24 February to 14 April 2022 were analysed quanti-qualitatively. The resulting corpus yielded a total of 49 texts/60,000 words and revealed the media invisibility of these professionals in the Spanish press, despite their important role in conflict situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores, through a close reading of newspapers and publications connected to the Portuguese libertarian movement, anarchist discourses and practices around understandings of "race" in Portugal in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A contribution is made both to studies of Lusophone anarchism as well as broader labour movement history where analyses of the interconnections between race and colonialism have been sparse. Portuguese anarchist understandings of race are placed within the context of broader ideas on internationalism within the anarchist movement, contemporary theories of the inheritance of racial characteristics and contestations against notions of nationhood and nationalism. The specific context of Portuguese colonialism and the development of anthropology in the country form the backdrop against which anarchist ideas are analysed. The article argues that while anarchism disrupted certain tropes within racial and colonialist discourse, it also reinforced some cultural categories and rigidified understandings of race, culture and social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As early as the period of the War of Liberation, the newspaper business in Shanxi revolutionary base area has been developed to a certain extent, and it has had an important impact on the public production and life. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, in order to restore agricultural production, closely contact the masses, and consolidate grass-roots rural organizations, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a national press conference in April 1950, which proposed to establish a newspaper reading group in grass-roots rural areas. Newspapers with a certain mass base and low cost were the main tool for governments at all levels to connect with the masses at that time. The newspaper reading group system played an important role in the 1950s in rural Shanxi, helping farmers to timely and effectively understand the policies related to agricultural production, promoting agricultural technology, developing agricultural production, and consolidating the mutual aid and cooperation movement in Shanxi rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Qajar era, manifestations of the new civilization were first established in the centers of modernity such as Tehran and Tabriz. Despite numerous obstacles, it gradually reached other provinces. From institutions and new manifestations, we can name the school and the newspaper that had a great impact on the social and intellectual transformation of the society. In the city of Zanjan, the manifestations of civilization were created with delay despite the fact that this city is located between the two important centers of Tehran and Tabriz. It was due to the social, political, and cultural creation of Zanjan. However, gradually new institutions impress their influence on Zanjan society among some classes and groups. This issue has not yet been the subject of an independent study and its vacancy is felt in studies on the process of establishing the manifestations of a new civilization in different provinces. In this regard, the present study seeks to examine the establishment of schools with newspapers and newspaper reading and those who try this path by explaining the obstacles, difficulties, effects, and results. According to the research claim, due to the relatively free conditions of the Mozaffari era and the cooperation of the executive elements of the government with the reformists, new manifestations were established in Zanjan and were accompanied by some successes. But the competition of the scholars in form of opposing groups that affected different strata created serious obstacles for new institutions and those interested in new manifestations. This study deals with the issue using a descriptive-explanatory method, relying on original sources, newspapers, and archival and family documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates 'newspaper reading groups' (dubaozu) in the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1951–1955, and how these groups reflected the daily practice, possibilities, and limits of a particular news culture in China under high socialism. As local newspaper reading group leaders translated national and provincial news into locally intelligible form, they were encouraged to combat boredom among audiences by choosing sensational news stories and transmitting this news in an entertaining fashion, adding music, song, and storytelling methods to embellish the 'dead' text of the newspaper at hand. By researching the particular methods of the newspaper reading group, this paper revisits the role of emotion in creating political meaning among audiences in what has been deemed one of the most propaganda-oriented societies of the twentieth century, encouraging a reassessment of how propaganda systems function not only in Chinese contexts but also among low-literacy communities the world over. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, China's higher education has developed rapidly, and the overall English proficiency of college students has improved significantly. In order to improve the English proficiency of students in higher education, English newspaper reading courses are offered, many of which are elective courses. Reading English newspapers in English can help college students improve their overall English proficiency and benefit them in their future lives. Reading English newspapers can improve students' English in many ways as part of college English teaching activities. For example, it helps students to accumulate common and authentic words and phrases, improve their English reading efficiency and level, and gain a broader perspective. This paper examines the role of English newspaper reading in college English teaching, proposes an effective analysis method of teaching English newspaper reading based on deep learning from the perspective of online and offline hybrid teaching, and tests the effectiveness of the model. Finally, the specific characteristics of English newspapers are combined to propose suggestions for improving the effectiveness of English teaching activities for college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, adopting the Foucauldian lenses of citizenship, investigates how a group of students understand the prevailing social discourses and how such understanding and perceptions influence students' sense of citizenship and coping strategies. Drawing on in-depth individual interviews with 28 participants from six universities in Hong Kong, the findings suggest that multiple factors have impacts on the university students' sense of citizenship, including the media as technologies to shape citizenship, the essentialized ideological differences as an apparatus of intervention to shape and act upon individuals, and the legitimacy and discordance of opinions among individuals within both physical and virtual communities. The participants were found to gradually develop an awareness of the discursive construction of the social. They were found to search for their sense of citizenship through (a) opting for one ideological stance and/or keeping silent to avoid being othered within the social discourses existing at the social, community, and family levels; (b) adopting different coping strategies when dealing with their confusion towards conflicting comments; or (c) developing news reading literacy and coming to the realization of the role media plays in discursively constructing new citizens and exercising influence over existing and potential members of communities. The implications of the findings for curriculum design and policy making to develop support measures to facilitate students' positive learning and whole-person development are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1927, the neoromantic poet Zalman Shneour made a fundamental shift from poetry to prose and from Hebrew to Yiddish. Rather than single out for praise the one work that he himself later refashioned into Hebrew, this essay proceeds from his composite Yiddish masterpiece: the comic vignettes about life in the prerevolutionary Belorussian shtetl of Shklov that appeared in Shklover yidn (1929), Feter Zhome (1930), and Shklover kinder (1951). Rather than view Shneour as an epigone, the Shklov Cycle reveals his profound understanding of Sholem Aleichem's comédie humaine, which Shneour sought to augment and update, as vividly illustrated by "Reading Newspapers," his recycled version of "Dreyfus in Kasrilevke." Where everything was animated, everything became a potential source of vitalism, which in Shneour's scheme of things always carried an aural quality. These stories, furthermore, were wildly dialogical; speech acts always trumped that which was merely textual, monological, or traditional. Shtetlspeak, in Shneour's comic oeuvre, became the dialogical baseline against which to judge the monological claims and strictures of religion, society, and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If we were to use the categories of historiographical controversy, we would have to conclude that the the story of Gregorio Carruggio represented one of the few cases of intellectual anti-fascism militant in Salento: in fact, from the news we recovered, there were no other malicious cases in Lecce of public fires of the printing machines, such as the one that touched the "Italia Meridionale" paper, directed by Carruggio. And this would be enough. By reading the newspaper, we can know the profile of a free man like few others, who produces a thought and a work, which they did not want to foment revolting masses, but like few other intellectuals were able to surround a class with a void inadequate, false, and often even ridiculous manager. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been an emphasis on runaway slave advertisements in Quebec's eighteenth-century newspapers as part of the recovery of Canada's marginalised slaveholding past. However, as a close and holistic reading of the newspapers shows, the advertisements circulated alongside a higher number of texts relating to slavery in the wider Americas. The editors of the Quebec Gazette and the Montreal Gazette reprinted texts first published in Britain and France during the international slave-trade debates and from these they constructed a coherent local anti-slave-trade sentiment. Editors placed runaway slave advertisements alongside a general anti-slave-trade sentiment, and these contradictory texts circulated alongside one another. Canadian newspapers, their editors and readers were far more engaged with transatlantic slave-trade debates than has previously been understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation movements in societies emerge as a reaction to some sociological negative factors. Educational institutions, led by social institutions, are obliged to respond to the needs of the societies they belong to. However, in the historical process, some old-style madrasahs could not adequately meet the education needs of the people. At this point, new searches and needs in the field of education have begun to emerge. The most important representative of innovation movements in the Turkish world undoubtedly belongs to Ismail Gaspirali with his unique services through the newspaper Tercuman, which he published for more than 30 years. Gilman Kerimi, who adopted a strict traditional understanding of education at first, started to follow the activities of Ismail Gaspirali, whom he became aware of when his son Fatih read the Tercuman newspaper. After this meeting, Gilman Kerimi, who will put into practice the new method of education in the schools he opened, also laid the foundation of Tatar periodicals with the printing house he bought. In this study, in which the relations of these two reformist figures of the Turkish World with each other, as well as the jadidist activities, will be discussed, the changes and breaking moments that occurred after meeting with Ismail Gaspirali, especially in Gilman Kerimi's understanding of education, will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading is a process which involves recognition and understanding. This study which is based on a survey attempts to analyze the newspaper reading culture amongst the University students. The habit of newspaper reading can prove to be beneficial to the students as they deliver great educational merits. The study reveals various aspects like reading frequency, preferred form of newspaper, whether print or electronic, its value in providing information, its effect on vocabulary of students, various factors which drive the students to read newspaper, type of news read in the newspaper and more. We can also observe in this study whether students’ reading habits have been affected due to lockdown situation caused by COVID pandemic as well as their overall experience of newspaper reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents data from a quantitative survey carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, with the participation of roughly 150 readers of Joca, a Brazilian newspaper for children and youths. Joca is a news publication dedicated to general coverage of current events that increased its digital circulation during the quarantine. The objective of the survey was to investigate journalistic content consumption by children and adolescents during social isolation. Through this survey, it was indisputable to notice the importance of teacher's mediation for newspaper reading during the quarantine (the same thing did not happen for parents' mediation) - although autonomous consumption also occurs in a third of the cases. In addition, almost 60% of respondents said that, during the pandemic, they see or listen more to the news than before the isolation period (even if these are not directed to them) to keep updated with different world events or to learn more about the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union, popularly known as Brexit, has a great media coverage in Spain. Thus, this paper analyses the journalistic treatment and the ideological bias that this political event received. To do this, a study of the semantic prosody of the term 'Brexit' in the Spanish press was carried out. The study covers a broad period of time, from the exit referendum in June 2016 to the second extension in October 2019. To achieve the analysis, a corpus for specific purposes was compiled made up of the most widely read newspapers in Spain according to the Estudio General de Medios. Specifically, four generalist newspapers (El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia and ABC) and three economic newspapers (Expansión, Cinco Días and El Economista). The data obtained showed that Brexit received mostly negative coverage in all newspapers, especially economic newspapers that presented a greater number of negative co-occurrences with the term Brexit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has important implications for European solidarity. In this study, it is proposed to consider the role of information and media use for citizens' attitudes towards European solidarity given the accelerated information supply alongside an increase in information-seeking behaviour among citizens. These factors have previously received little attention in the extant literature. In particular, we examine three dimensions of transnational solidarity (fiscal, medical and border solidarity) and present results from a four-wave panel survey conducted in the Netherlands between April and July 2020. It will be shown that solidarity support changes as the pandemic unfolds. Variation in general media use is only marginally related to solidarity, possibly due to an increase in media use during the pandemic. Yet, there are some effects at the media outlet level, particularly for newspaper reading. This research note highlights important implications for future research on European solidarity during and in the aftermath of crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate and compare the visual performance and quality of life (QOL) associated with refractive/extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) and diffractive trifocal IOLs in refractive lens exchange patients. This was a comparative interventional study of patients undergoing implantation of Lucidis (Swiss Advanced Vision, SAV‑IOL SA, Neuchâtel, Switzerland) or AT LISA tri 839MP (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany) IOLs. Near, intermediate, and distance best corrected and uncorrected visual acuities were collected at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The vision-related QOL was evaluated 1 and 3 months after surgery, using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-14 (VF-14 QOL questionnaire). A total of 74 patients underwent refractive lens exchange and IOL implantation, with 38 patients in the EDOF group and 36 in the trifocal group. Among all visual acuities, uncorrected near visual acuity was statistically significantly better with the Lucidis IOL at the first month (p =.02) and diminished at the third-month visit (p =.16). When we compared the VF-14 QOL questionnaire scores, reading small print, reading a newspaper or book, and driving at night were statistically significantly better in the Lucidis group at the first month (p =.00, for each). That difference persisted only in driving at night at the third-month visit (p =.04). Reading small print, driving at night, and doing fine handwork were the most difficult tasks in the AT LISA group at the first month, and only driving at night remained so at the third-month visit. The refractive results and visual outcomes at all distances of EDOF and trifocal IOLs were highly satisfactory. However, the EDOF design in the Lucidis IOL achieves lower rates of glare in the early period after refractive lens exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newspaper globally known as the Guardian began its life in Manchester as the Manchester Guardian. This paper examines the reactions of readers of the newspaper in the context of the decision to remove the word 'Manchester' from the its title in 1959. It uses 251 letters on the subject sent to the newspaper to assess the usefulness of Anthony Cohen's idea of readers as a symbolic community. This approach defines community in terms of a shared symbol whose meaning may be interpreted differently by individuals. The study concludes that there were two aspects to the readers' relationship with the newspaper – they were attached to ideas about the symbolic nature of Manchester and the north of England more generally but the meaning they ascribed to being part of a community of readers differed in a nuanced way and according to individual interpretations. The newspaper's determination to re-brand as a national rather than a provincial paper caused its readers to try to redefine their identities as members of the symbolic community of the Manchester Guardian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the relations between the readers or "customers" and the Anatoli newspaper which forms the most important representative of the periodical press in Karamanlidika and also is one of the oldest and long lived newspapers of the Ottoman Empire. Topics like the number of the subscribers, the "freeloaders", those customers who paid late or incomplete their subscription fees, the representatives in the country were not discussed only as sources that caused financial distress to the paper threatening to hamper its development but also as elements enabling us to understand the experience itself of publishing a newspaper and reading it in the second half of the nineteenth century late Ottoman context. Also these elements enable us to better evaluate the ideological impact of the newspaper concerning the Turkish speaking Anatolian Orthodox. These reveal many things about the nature, ideological content and limitations of Karamanlidhika journalism and most importantly that this literary production was seen by the contemporaries themselves as a transitory phase that will cease to exist when the Turkish speaking Anatolian Orthodox will "regain" completely their "lost" language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper exposes a rhetorical-argumentative study of the Spanish journalistic discourses about de "Troika" during 2015. This denomination, became popular by the press, has been used to refer to the economic decision group formed by the European Commission, the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank. The analysis of the corpus (consisting of texts of the two most read newspapers in Spain) is made within the theoretical and methodological framework provided by the Constructivist Rhetoric. Thus, a study of journalistic discourses has been carried out according to the location, description and interpretation of the rhetorical, tropological and argumentative structures used by journalists. The results obtained shows that there is a discursive construction of the "Troika" in the Spanish press that: 1) identify it as a dark and impersonal entity by the use of different metonymies and synecdoches; 2) describe it metaphorically by a relationship of forces or power; 3) and insert it into a tragic narrative plot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much has been written about the crisis of print newspapers, but with more attention paid to issues of production and distribution rather than reception. Furthermore, the scholarship on contemporary print newspaper reception has been limited by a focus on the information dimension and on countries in the Global North. To help overcome these limitations, in this paper we ask two questions that inquire into the reception of print newspapers in the contemporary media environment, and do so within a country from the Global South. Drawing upon an analysis of 158 semi-structured interviews conducted in the City of Buenos Aires and other parts of the country, we find that people continue reading print newspapers not solely, or even primarily, for the information contained in their pages, but for dynamics that tie together news content with materiality, routinization, and larger practices of incorporation of this media artifact into their daily lives. These dynamics are partly shaped by distinctive aspects of the Argentine context, including business strategies, family rituals, urban patterns, and a culture of nostalgia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical discourse analysis of immigration in the media has been a matter of interest for many researchers in recent years. We cannot say the same about the discourse on the international refuge, as an independent and differentiated phenomenon within the migratory processes. In any case, the actor's category constitutes one of the most significant focuses of the analysis.We consider that the use of reported speech is one of the keys to observe the presence -also the absence- of the actors within the written press, since it allows inserting the voices of the characters one speaks in the journalist narrative. In this case, we analyze the refugee'scitations appearing in the publications of the most read newspapers during 2015, 2016 and 2017. Our investigation has a mixed orientation, in which we combine the techniques of Critical Discourse Analysis with those of Content Analysis. The research focuses mainly on the evaluation offered by the 'microactors' - the refugees, as the subjects of the statement - but we cannot forget that the 'macroactors' -the media, like the subjects of the enunciation- can greatly influence the transmission of the quote. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims at investigating the effect of gender on the reading habits, reading preferences and attitudes towards reading among the school students. Survey research with a well-structured questionnaire was employed by the researchers. Five matriculation schools of Madurai City, Tamil Nadu State, India are the unit of study. The secondary and higher secondary students form the sample of the study. Out of 250 questionnaires distributed, 200 duly filled questionnaires were received back. The study reveals that : More boys than girls prefer non-fiction, prefer science fiction, crime and fantasy stories, prefer biographies and autobiographies and essays, spend 1-2 hours per week on reading, prefer Tamil language materials to read, read to pass time and get a job, prefer lips reading, decide to read a book based on table of contents, depend on school library, prefer to read in the early morning, spend 5-10 minutes to read newspaper every day, read GK magazines, visit the library daily, visit the library to borrow books and read newspapers, prefer to visit the library during lunch breaks and read e-magazines. More girls than boys prefer horror stories, motivational books, spend 3-4 hours per week on reading, read to improve knowledge and relax, decide to read a book based on authors, depend on own collection, prefer to read before bed hours, read comics, visit the library once in a week, visit the library to read books, prefer to visit the library during library hours and read e-newspapers. Both boys and girls prefer both fiction and non-fiction, prefer to read English language materials, prefer silent reading, prefer to read at home, prefer Tamil newspapers, prefer to read newspapers in the morning, look for local news and entertainment news in the newspaper, prefer Dinamalar newspaper, prefer Tamil magazines, read subject magazines, prefer to use laptops and desktops, spend less than one hour, read e-books, use search engines to access required e-materials, e-read for time pass, prefer PDF files. Thus, there are instances where gender influences and there are few instances where gender does not influence the reading habits and preferences of the school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutical project, emplotment is a moment of its threefold mimesis that establishes a narrative configuration of a prefigured world towards the refiguration of a world, articulating a synthesis of the heterogeneous that organizes events and associates them with actions, causes and intentions. We analyze emplotment in news media narratives on urban violence, going through Ricoeur's threefold mimesis in order to understand elements and strategies aligned by the plot in news media narrativization. We carry out a reading of accounts on violent deaths published in the police sections of the newspapers Diário do Pará and O Liberal, on January 23, March 15 and May 2, 2017. We make use of the Ricoeurian project of a hermeneutics of the text and narrative. The readings of the newspapers allow us to understand a plot construction that presents the narratives as unique and episodic, marking an eventful course through which violence is to be narratively explained and understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research is ongoing about how the New Media impact on Traditional Media. Despite rapid change in the options for how we can interact with and consume media, some of our preferences for needs to consume have not shifted dramatically. This research aims to investigate the patterns of media consumption, and assesses the amount of time people allocate to different media. The study is informed by uses and gratifications theory (UGT), channel complementarity theory and time allocation theory. The article looks at the amount of time spent reading newspapers and magazines, watching television, listening to the radio, using the old or new media, and activities online and offline while at work or out of the work. It investigates whether traditional media are still relevant in this new media environment and identifies consumption practices. A survey was held among consumers who have various media experiences (N = 400) - and for the first time in Zimbabwe. Differences between consumers (media users) using traditional media channels and those using new media platforms are identified and discussed. However, some challenges exist, such as the limited number of Apple iPads and tablets. These findings implied that targeting the millennials remains a challenge as respondents are fragmented across various media platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the motives and attitudes of students with nonlinguistic major studying English as a foreign language in a higher educational institution. Nowadays, having a good command of English both oral and written is a prerequisite for a successful promotion in every field, students must learn how to communicate by means of a foreign language on a very high level. The aim of this paper is to show the efficiency of reading activities for motivating students during their studies, as well as to emphasize the relevance of reading authentic newspaper articles. Significance of the work is contained in finding and using new methods and teaching means for improvement of students' competence in reading in a foreign language. Results of the empirical study conducted by the authors represent evaluation of authentic newspaper articles' potential for reading comprehension in a classroom and, furthermore, demonstrate effectiveness of this method for EFL and ESL teaching. In other words, the use of authentic text materials from modern Russian and English newspapers with their adaptation and application of various types of communicative tasks before and after the process of reading has been proved to increase the motivation of students to learn English. Reading newspaper articles, therefore, has been also detected to be an effective tool for development of intercultural competences. The experimental part of the investigation was conducted in the Kazan Federal University (Russia), and consisted of a questionnaire that was filled in anonymously by various groups of students, answers to which helped to determine the popularity of reading newspapers among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines business trends for African American newspapers from 1993 to 2013, the period in which digital distribution emerged and the Great Recession occurred. By 2013, roughly 151 weeklies existed, a net loss of 30 weeklies over two decades. During this time, paid circulation declined, free circulation increased, open line advertising rates increased, and the percentage of weeklies owned by groups increased slightly. African American newspapers were more aggressive than general circulation weeklies in adding websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines individuals’ understanding and judgment of news information graphics. Specifically, an experimental design was used to examine the effects of deceptive design practices on the amount of time the user spent on the graphic, information recall and perceptions of credibility. These effects were examined in a general and political news context. In the sample (N = 239), participants recalled more information from the deceptive graphic and found it less credible than the non-biased graphic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A methodological comparison was conducted between copy testing, eye-tracking and a relatively new scan method, where panelists record where they stop reading a news item. Results show: news item characteristics that proved most influential in previous research also significantly affect reading behavior measured with the scan method. By being precise and more practicable than copy testing and eye-tracking, the scan method can help the struggling newspaper industry to better understand their readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of campus sexual assault has received much media attention recently, prompting scholars to examine media effects on students’ attitudes and behaviors. A survey of 567 American college students examined how their media exposure is related to issue engagement, perceived responsibility, and acceptance of rape myths. Results indicated that reading newspaper stories about campus sexual assault might contribute to college students’ victim blaming. Among other media channels examined, social media were found to be highly correlated with students’ engagement with the issue. We also found that victim blaming and acceptance of rape myths could be reduced by raising students’ perceived importance of the issue. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Political knowledge and political interest are generally positively influenced by news media exposure. Yet, at the same time, knowledge and interest are among the most important predictors of news media exposure in the first place. We conduct a field experiment ( N = 393) as a test of this dual function of knowledge and interest in a realistic news media choice setting. We examine whether preexisting interest and knowledge predict which individuals can be encouraged to read an unfamiliar information-rich newspaper, and if using this newspaper, in turn, has effects on interest and knowledge. Results show that interest and knowledge are predictors of compliance in the experiment. While political knowledge shows some response to the additional news exposure, interest remains stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article adapts and develops the idea of a cynical or 'stealth' understanding of politics to explore how citizens' estrangement from formal politics is processed cognitively through a populist lens. Earlier work has shown the widespread presence of stealth attitudes in the United States and Finland. We show that stealth attitudes are also well established in Britain, demonstrate their populist character and reveal that age, newspaper readership and concerns about governing practices help predict their adoption by individuals. Yet our survey findings also reveal a larger body of positive attitudes towards the practice of democracy suggesting that there is scope for challenging populist cynicism. We explore these so-called 'sunshine' attitudes and connect them to the reform options favoured by British citizens. If we are to challenge populist negativity towards politics, we conclude that improving the operation of representative politics is more important than offering citizens new forms of more deliberative participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using framing analysis, this article explores how the English language press organized coverage of the 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. The coverage began with a standard "outbreak" narrative that defined the problem in terms of "primitive" lifeways and inadequate humanitarian aid However, after the World Health Organization declared an international emergency and after Ebola carriers began to appear in the West, the framing changed toward a "pandemic" narrative that shifted attention away from medical solutions, humanitarian aid, and national safety toward government and military action, biosecurity, and the global species network. This change in the press narrative makes sense to populations in the West because they increasingly live within a "pandemic culture" that has become characteristic of globalized societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including print news in early modern period, reading newspapers in seventeenth-century Dutch Republic and public opinion during the Fronde.

Printed newspapers were widely read in the Dutch Republic since their emergence around 1618. Initially, the corantos were distrusted by the urban elite because of their low price and their broad appeal. As they gradually became a part of everyday life, their reputation as credible vehicles of domestic and (mostly) foreign news increased. This article examines why and how these newspapers were being read. It distinguishes four different reading habits as strategies for early modern readers of managing the continuous and often unreliable flow of news. The analysis combines surviving collections of printed newspapers with primary sources not usually employed for this purpose by scholars of early modern media, including images, private letters, diaries, and newspaper advertisements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When do the first representations of newspaper reading women in the 19th Century Argentina begin to appear? What is the relevance of their profile in the politicalcultural debates of the revolutionary era? What do women read in the press, and how do they answer to the call of writers designing educational policies and reading programs for them? This article aims to answer these questions by means of a select corpus of newspapers from the beginning of the century (El Telégrafo Mercantil, El Semanario de Agricultura y Comercio, El Correo del Comercio, El Observador Americano, La Gazeta de Buenos Aires). Likewise, the article delves into literary and artistic representations to figure out the imaginaries and practices of reading women at the origins of the formation of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment examines how attributes of reader comments about online news stories affect perceptions of the story as well as readers’ intentions to share it. Attributes of both the comment and the commenter play a role in how and whether readers will react to the story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study of types of corrections in newspapers finds that readers consider objective, high-impact corrections more important than errors that are objective and low-impact. The findings do not directly support previous research that suggested corrections help foster credibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article contributes to the research on media management by approaching the audience as consisting of communities, instead of considering it a mass audience. By developing audience community as a concept in media management and audience research and investigating mainstream newspapers’ perceptions and practices of audience community relations, the study aims to provide a future outlook for the changing community nature of audiences. Newspaper organizations are starting to perceive the audience as a more concrete network of people, and journalistic processes can increasingly consist of generating platforms and practices for communication and communal activities with and among the audience. In the article, these processes are studied empirically by means of a qualitative study carried out in Finnish, Japanese, and Korean newspapers. Interestingly, the findings indicate that audience communities do not, after all, play an important role in the daily practices of the newspapers. The engagement with audience communities in social media is only occasional, intermittent, and by no means systematic. By contrast, interaction with offline communities seems to be more familiar and considered more valuable than connecting with audience communities in social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on second screening for news, a hybrid media process that combines watching news on television and a second, web-connected screen (i.e., smart-phone, laptop). Based on U.S.-national, 2-wave panel data, the paper (a) examines people's motivations to engage in second screen use, and then (b) advances the relationship between second screening and online political behaviors. Discussing and pursuing further information are both central motivations for second screen use. Furthermore, results suggest second screening for news is a significant predictor of online political participation and a key link between TV news and political engagement as this relationship is fully mediated. The study advances theoretically and empirically ways in which an informed public opinion may partake of a more engaged democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]