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This document is a letter to the editor in response to an article titled "An examination of the ability of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) to mitigate nitrogen leaching from pasture systems." The authors of the letter express their disagreement with certain aspects of the article, specifically regarding the role of dairy cow urinary nitrogen in leaching from pasture systems. They argue that urine is a major source of nitrate leaching and cite previous studies to support their claim. They also criticize the article for focusing on a specific rate of nitrogen in urine patches, which they believe is not widely used in policy or reputable models. The authors conclude that the article's conclusions are confusing and unhelpful for understanding the role of urinary nitrogen in New Zealand's water quality challenges. [Extracted from the article]

This article considers developments in History staffing in Australian and New Zealand universities between 2016 and 2022. The COVID pandemic and the ongoing effects of the corporatised university have worn away at History student and staffing numbers, much exacerbated in Australia by the fee changes introduced by the Morrison government in 2020. There are positive developments, such as the near-disappearance of gender disadvantage for women and increasing levels of first nations representation, but these have occurred against a backdrop of overall decline. The gradual fall in staffing numbers over past decades has sharpened considerably recently, and is accompanied by declining student enrolments. History in Australian universities is in a particularly difficult situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the British invasion of Loonwonnylowe (now Bruny Island), examining its historical significance and impact on Tasmanian Aboriginal communities. Topics include the geographical and ecological characteristics of Bruny Island, the socio-economic interactions between indigenous tribes and British settlers, and the ecological changes following European colonization.

This article explores the field of digital history and its impact on the discipline. It discusses the use of computational methods to analyze and disseminate knowledge about the past. The article highlights how digital technologies have changed approaches to understanding history, including online searches for historical information, publishing research online, and engaging with computational methods. It also examines the role of digital history in public engagement, inquiry-based learning, and the purposes of history. The article emphasizes the importance of critical reflection on the use of digital technologies in historical research and education. It discusses the challenges and benefits of adopting digital tools, as well as the need for students to develop both historical and digital literacies. The text acknowledges the changes brought about by digital technologies in historical research and education, but also notes the need for educators to equip future historians with necessary digital literacy skills. [Extracted from the article]

John Greville Agard Pocock, a prominent intellectual historian and historian of political thought, passed away in December 2023. He was known for his contributions to the study of early modern British political thought and his methodological approach that emphasized historical context. Pocock's career took him from New Zealand to Cambridge and eventually to the United States, where he held academic positions at Washington University and Johns Hopkins University. His most enduring work, "The Machiavellian Moment," traced the influence of Florentine political thought on the development of republicanism in England and America. Pocock also made significant contributions to methodological reflections and edited original sources for accessibility. He was unafraid to express his political views, including his support for Brexit. Despite intellectual differences, Pocock's scholarship continues to have a lasting impact on the field of intellectual history. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: The mid-Cretaceous is an important time for the diversification of forests globally, including the rise to dominance of the angiosperms and the beginning of the isolation of Zealandia. In New Zealand, little information is available on the mid-Cretaceous xyloflora. New specimens of fossil wood from the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation were collected from Waihere Bay, Pitt Island, Chatham Islands, of which 16 well-preserved samples were identified, representing Araucariaceae (Agathoxylon , 5 samples), Cupressaceae (Taxodioxylon and Cupressinoxylon , one sample each), Podocarpaceae (Protophyllocladoxylon , one sample), and the 'Group B' and 'Group C' Mesozoic conifers (four samples each) defined in Bamford & Philippe (2008). Of these, only Taxodioxylon had been identified previously from the Tupuangi Formation. Two new species are erected, Cupressoxylon dianneae sp. nov. and Protophyllocladoxylon jacobusii sp. nov. These records are important for understanding the mid-Cretaceous flora of New Zealand and the history of the unique modern flora of New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Greville Agard Pocock, a renowned historian, passed away in 2023 at the age of 99. He was known for his contributions to political theory, history, historiography, and the history of political thinking. Pocock's work has been translated into multiple languages and he is considered one of New Zealand's greatest historians. His reputation is based on his masterpieces, including "The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law," "The Machiavellian Moment," and a six-volume study of Edward Gibbon's "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire." Pocock's writings were complex and required concentration, making him more of a historian's historian rather than a popular historian. Despite spending most of his life overseas, Pocock maintained a connection to New Zealand through his family and academic achievements. This text provides a brief overview of John Greville Agard Pocock's career and influences. [Extracted from the article]

This article introduces a special issue of the New Zealand Journal of History that focuses on gender and women's history in 2020s Aotearoa. The issue features the work of new scholars and is a result of a workshop held in 2023. The articles cover various topics and time periods, including Ngāi Tahu memory, a 19th-century song, bigamy on the goldfields, and activism in the 1970s. The article emphasizes the importance of gender analysis in addressing social and planetary crises. It also discusses the field of women's and gender history in New Zealand, highlighting the contributions of scholars and the need to challenge traditional narratives that marginalize women and gender. The text mentions recent publications and conferences that focus on women's history and the intersectionality of race and gender. It emphasizes the need for decolonizing methodologies and the inclusion of indigenous perspectives in historical research. The article provides an overview of the current state of women's and gender history in New Zealand. Additionally, a list of books on the history and experiences of women in New Zealand is provided, offering valuable insights into the diverse perspectives and contributions of women in the country. [Extracted from the article]

Many avian species endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand were driven to extinction or reduced to relict populations following successive waves of human arrival, due to hunting, habitat destruction and the introduction of mammalian predators. Among the affected species were the large flightless South Island takahē (Porphyrio hochstetteri) and the moho (North Island takahē; P. mantelli), with the latter rendered extinct and the former reduced to a single relictual population. Little is known about the evolutionary history of these species prior to their decline and/or extinction. Here we sequenced mitochondrial genomes from takahē and moho subfossils (12 takahē and 4 moho) and retrieved comparable sequence data from takahē museum skins (n = 5) and contemporary individuals (n = 17) to examine the phylogeny and recent evolutionary history of these species. Our analyses suggest that prehistoric takahē populations lacked deep phylogeographic structure, in contrast to moho, which exhibited significant spatial genetic structure, albeit based on limited sample sizes (n = 4). Temporal genetic comparisons show that takahē have lost much of their mitochondrial genetic diversity, likely due to a sudden demographic decline soon after human arrival (~750 years ago). Time‐calibrated phylogenetic analyses strongly support a sister species relationship between takahē and moho, suggesting these flightless taxa diverged around 1.5 million years ago, following a single colonisation of New Zealand by a flighted Porphyrio ancestor approximately 4 million years ago. This study highlights the utility of palaeogenetic approaches for informing the conservation and systematic understanding of endangered species whose ranges have been severely restricted by anthropogenic impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review the major phylogeographic patterns in Aotearoa New Zealand's terrestrial flora and fauna that have been associated with the Ōtira Glaciation of the Pleistocene, the end of which coincides with the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We focus on (1) the complexity of biogeographic histories of New Zealand species, with LGM-driven phenomena overlaying the impacts of mountain-building and other drivers of phylogeographic structure; (2) the locations of glacial refugia and sets of taxa which may have shared refugia; and (3) the role of glaciation in driving diversification. We end with a brief focus on the next directions, including what can we learn about New Zealand's glacial history by expanding our phylogeographic toolbox to include genomic methods and hypothesis-driven inference methods. We provide follow-up questions which take advantage of the wealth of phylogeographic data for New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both settler states and Indigenous peoples have mobilised sovereignty to either entrench or challenge the structure of settler colonialism. However, this historical deployment of co-existing and competing 'politics of sovereignty' is deeply missed by the predominant fixed and state-centrist analysis of sovereignty. Based on archival and documentary analysis discussing two pivotal moments of Aotearoa/New Zealand history, I expose how the Crown discourses and practices of sovereignty aim at policing a Euro-modern resonance, whereas the Māori ones contain the potential for a resistance and alternative. Findings reveal how these particular politics of sovereignty function as (dis)empowering and (de-)authorising political devices respectively linked to processes of colonisation and decolonisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Zealand Journal of History published a review of the podcast "Conversations with My Immigrant Parents (Season Three)." The podcast, created and produced by Saraid de Silva and Julie Zhu, focuses on families with immigrant backgrounds living in New Zealand. Each season consists of six to nine episodes, ranging from 30 to 60 minutes in length, accompanied by short videos of the families. The podcast allows parents and children to have intimate conversations with limited intervention from the hosts, covering topics such as identity, language, home, and belonging. The conversations explore the frictions, similarities, and connections between generations and frequently touch on issues of racism and white supremacy. The hosts handle these complex topics tactfully, emphasizing the love between family members. The podcast provides a personal and authentic perspective on settlement, migration, place, family, identity, and emotions, making it highly recommended for historians interested in these themes. The recordings take place in the families' own homes, creating a sense of familiarity and comfort. The hosts have made efforts to ensure the families feel comfortable, leading to intimate and vulnerable conversations. While the families primarily self-selected to participate in the podcast, the conversations do not shy away from challenging topics such as divorce, sexuality, gender, and colonization. Historical context is provided to give more information about specific events, although more context about the broader history of settlement and migration would be appreciated. Overall, the podcast serves as a powerful example of intergenerational storytelling and the insights and connections that can come [Extracted from the article]

The given text is a collection of book reviews from the New Zealand Journal of History. The first review discusses a book called "Sure to Rise," which explores the history of the Edmonds cookery book and brand in New Zealand. The reviewer praises the book for its informative and visually appealing content, but also mentions some minor criticisms. The second review discusses a book titled "Rugby League in New Zealand: A People's History" by Ryan Bodman. The reviewer commends the book for its comprehensive coverage of rugby league in New Zealand, highlighting its significance as a standalone sport rather than just a counterpart to rugby union. The reviewer also mentions the book's exploration of class tensions, the role of Māori and Pasifika communities, and the impact of neoliberalism on the sport. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a book titled "'I Don't Believe in Murder': Standing up for Peace in World War I Canterbury" by Margaret Lovell-Smith. The book focuses on the history of conscientious objection in Aotearoa New Zealand during World War I, particularly in Christchurch. It explores the resistance of socialist, pacifist, and religious objectors to militarism and the war, highlighting their voices and experiences. The book also examines the role of women in the peace movement and addresses the shifting politics within the movement. Overall, it provides a well-researched and accessible account of the objectors' stand against war. [Extracted from the article]

"Our Land in Colour: A History of Aotearoa New Zealand, 1860-1960" is a book that explores the history of Auckland, New Zealand's largest city. The book covers various topics such as economic activity, infrastructure, settlements, and family life through the use of 200 colorized images. The author, Brendan Graham, is a digital colorization practitioner who aims to provide readers with a better understanding of New Zealand's past and a desire to learn more about the country. The book is recommended for schools teaching New Zealand's history curriculum and provides a valuable resource for research on Auckland's history. [Extracted from the article]

"The Fate of the Land, Ko ngā Ākina a ngā Rangatira: Māori Political Struggle in the Liberal Era, 1891-1912" is a book that explores Māori engagement with the Ballance, Seddon, and Ward Liberal governments in New Zealand from 1891 to 1912. The author, Danny Keenan, provides a Māori perspective on this era and includes personal accounts from various Māori leaders and MPs of the time. The book highlights the accelerated loss of Māori land during this period, the fragmentation of Māori society, and the role of the Liberal Government in controlling Māori resistance. However, it is noted that the book focuses on political history and does not extensively cover social history or the role of women and religious movements. Overall, the book offers valuable insights into Māori political struggle during the Liberal era. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses two books: "Blood & Dirt: Prison Labour and the Making of New Zealand" by Jared Davidson and "The Forgotten Prophet: Tāmati Te Ito and His Kaingārara Movement" by Jeffrey Sissons. The first book explores the role of prison labor in the emergence of capitalism and its impact on working-class history in New Zealand. The author argues that prison labor was essential to colonization and examines the conditions and resistance of prisoners. The second book focuses on the prophet Tāmati Te Ito and his Kaingārara movement in Taranaki during the 1850s and 1860s. It explores Te Ito's efforts to free the land and its people from pre-Christian influences and his involvement in the first Taranaki War. Both books provide valuable insights into New Zealand's history and have gained popularity beyond scholarly circles. [Extracted from the article]

The article titled "Foreword: Reflections on the role of mining in the history of Australia and New Zealand" by Geoffrey Blainey discusses the significant impact of mining on the history and development of Australia and New Zealand. The author highlights the influence of gold rushes in attracting immigrants and rapidly increasing the population of both countries. Mining also played a role in shaping the hierarchy of Australian colonies and the population growth of New Zealand. The article acknowledges the differing perspectives on the importance of gold mining in history and mentions the influence of Australian and New Zealand geologists and engineers on other parts of the world. The author also notes the decline of economic history in universities and the rise of other fields of study, but highlights the continued relevance and success of the Journal of Australasian Mining History. [Extracted from the article]

This study examines the 50‐year history of the Australian New Zealand Student Services Association, the key association in the region. Specific initiatives on how the association has evolved and pivoted over time to meet the needs of its members, the students the members support, and their institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Secret History: State Surveillance in New Zealand, 1900–1956" by Richard S. Hill and Steven Loveridge is a groundbreaking book that explores the history of state surveillance in New Zealand. The authors challenge the perception of New Zealand as a "free and open society" by revealing the extensive role played by the New Zealand Police Force in state surveillance. The book highlights the focus on left-wing threats and the lack of oversight in the surveillance system. This meticulously researched study provides valuable insights into New Zealand's history and challenges the idealized image of the country. [Extracted from the article]

John Anthony Moses, a professional historian and Anglican priest, made significant contributions to the study of Pacific history, particularly in relation to the German empire's intentions and colonial rule in the Pacific. Born in Atherton, Queensland, Moses grew up in a multicultural family and became Anglican, which was unusual given his background. He taught history at the University of Queensland for 28 years, where he emphasized the rigorous study of German scholarship and encouraged students to explore European colonial ambitions in the Pacific. Moses published numerous articles and books on various historical topics, including the role of Germany in the First World War and the religious origins of Australia's Anzac Day. He passed away in Canberra in 2024 at the age of 93. [Extracted from the article]

The study of classics has been part of Australian and New Zealand higher education from the beginnings of tertiary education in these countries, followed shortly after by the study of ancient history. This article offers an analysis of current units of study in each Australian and New Zealand public university that continues to teach classics and ancient history. Set in the context of the origins of this field in both countries and contemporary debates on the value of studying not only the humanities in general but also classics and ancient history in particular, this article offers detailed analysis of what is taught and how universities conceptualize the merit and usefulness of this field of study. Analysis reveals some decline in more traditional areas, but also identifies the evolutionary trajectories that classics and ancient history have followed, including departures from the 'sober' political history to offerings that have been enabled by methodologies prevalent in social and gender history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The New Zealand species of a genus of black fungus gnats show clear phylogeographic patterns, at the species level and above. North Island harbours more species than South Island, and according to our phylogeographic analyses, was more often the starting point of dispersal events to South Island than vice versa. We therefore deduce that North Island is a radiation centre. Initial colonisations of New Zealand took place three times, most likely starting from Australia, with the earliest in the late Miocene. Sciaridae (Diptera) is a widespread insect family of which some species can reach high abundances in arboreal habitats. This trait, together with their (passive) mobility, enables them to quickly colonise suitable habitats. To reveal the biogeographic history of the New Zealand members of the sciarid genus Pseudolycoriella, we analysed three molecular markers of selected species and populations in a Bayesian approach. At the intra- and interspecific levels, we detected a pattern of northern richness vs. southern purity, which has probably developed as a result of Pleistocene glacial cycles. Since the late Miocene, we identified 13 dispersal events across the sea strait separating New Zealand's main islands. As nine of these dispersal events were south-directed, North Island can be considered the centre of radiation for this genus. An unequivocal re-colonisation of North Island was only observed once. Based on the inclusion of three undescribed species from Tasmania and on previously published data, three colonisations of New Zealand are likely, all of them assumed to be of Australian origin. One of these most probably took place during the late Miocene, and the other two during the late Pliocene or at the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seabirds on islands create a circular seabird economy—they feed in the ocean, transport marine‐derived nutrients onshore to their breeding colonies, and then seabird‐derived nutrients runoff into the ocean, enriching nearshore ecosystems. Invasive predators reduce seabird‐driven nutrient subsidies; thus, predator eradication is critical for restoring seabird islands. Terrestrial recovery of seabird nutrients following predator eradication can take mere decades or longer, but few studies have linked nearshore marine recovery to terrestrial ecosystem attributes. We tested the influence of season, seabird variables, terrestrial abiotic variables, and marine variables on nearshore algal communities surrounding islands in a New Zealand island archipelago. The link from terrestrial to marine proved strong, with over 40% of the variation in macroalgae community composition being driven by a combination of seabird and terrestrial abiotic variables. Season and depth were the strongest contributors to nitrogen enrichment. Two macroalgae species had seabird‐derived nitrogen levels similar on eradicated and never invaded islands, but four more had lower seabird‐derived nitrogen on eradicated versus never invaded islands. Our results suggest seabird land–sea linkages are disrupted when predators invade, and are not restored three decades after invasive predator removal in the studied archipelago. Moreover, some marine algae species are better indicators of seabird influence than others. This study provides baseline information about which abiotic and ecological variables are important when studying the linkages from land to sea in island ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fox News Channel is a mass media that has ideological ties to the United States Republican Party. Fox & Friends is claimed to be the highest rating cable news program in the US since 2001. In 2019, Fox & Friends reported Christchurch Shooting. The Christchurch incident is the deadliest mass shooting in New Zealand history. FNC constructed reality potentially influenced the public's understanding of Christchurch shooting. This research examines and explores FNC constructed reality by analyzing how the perpetrators, motives, and impacts are framed. Based on research findings, FNC constructed reality denied the Christchurch shooting as an act of terror. It also tried to influence public understanding that the perpetrator has no ideological connection with Donald Trump. When compared with the Utrecht shooting, FNC chose to use word terror in describing the event, even before the Dutch government gave an official statement regarding the incident. FNC constructed reality shows bias and favoritism towards perpetrators of a certain race, which contradicts the company's slogan that claims to produce fair and balanced coverages. Thus, to carry out the journalistic functions in a democratic country, FNC must educate the public about the realities, instead of spreading biased and discriminatory reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent earthquake case histories in Japan and New Zealand revealed that soil sites can experience liquefaction multiple times under a sequence of earthquake shaking. Field observation showed that the reliquefaction resistance of granular soils can be considerably different. Although geotechnical community has known that fabric change during the liquefaction and reconsolidation process may be responsible for the vastly different reliquefaction resistance, direct observation of fabric change over multiple-liquefaction stages has been rarely achieved in previous studies. In this study, 3D clumped DEM simulations are conducted to trace the microstructure evolution of soils in the multiple-liquefaction process. The use of clumped particles enables generation of soil samples with realistic particle shapes, initial void ratios and reconsolidation process, which is particularly important for modeling multiple-liquefaction phenomenon. Cyclic liquefaction and reconsolidated tests are carried out alternately until ten times, while fabric evolution and its connection to volumetric compression are characterized, seeking a linkage between soil fabric anisotropy and liquefaction resistance in multiple stages. This study reveals that strain history has a significant effect on the liquefaction resistance N liq during multiple stages. Ultimately, a unified multiple-liquefaction resistance relationship is established by introducing soil fabrics Z and a c for all liquefaction tests, providing a critical link between fabric and liquefaction resistance in multiple-liquefaction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review of: Crafting Aotearoa: A Cultural History of Making in New Zealand and the Wider Moana Oceania, Karl Chitham, Kolokesa U. Māhina-Tuai and Damian Skinner (eds), researched by Rigel Sorzano (2019) Wellington: Te Papa Press, 496 pp., ISBN 978 0 99413 627 5 (hbk), NZ$85.00 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the history of juries, particularly the absence of women and Indigenous jurors, in Australia and Ireland, as well as feminist women's groups' advocacy for women's jury participation. Topics include attempts to provide women with the right to jury participation, including the debates in Queensland and Tasmania; and lack of jury rights accorded to Indigenous Australians throughout the twentieth century and potential impact of all-male juries on criminal trials.

The Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES), which includes the 2010 and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes, is one of the deadliest disasters in New Zealand history. Following the CES, displacement of the affected population occurred, leading to an out‐migration from affected areas and changes to places of residence. This paper investigates the spatial changes in population following the CES, using a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) analysis approach to examine if there is a relationship between population change within the Canterbury region, and potential driving forces across two time periods: 2006–2013 and 2013–2018. The findings of this study could assist in informing future decision making and planning for earthquake events and to increase the effectiveness of land use policy decisions for post‐disaster recovery in New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]