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Background: Genital tract is the portal of entry for numerous sexually and non-sexually transmitted diseases. A number of bacterial and non-bacterial infections exist that affect the female reproductive tract and cause vaginal discharge. Candida species are among important opportunistic pathogens causing candidiasis in human worldwide. These yeast species are of public health concern nowadays. Aim: This study aimed at comparing the prevalence of candidiasis among single and married women attending Rwanda Military Hospital. The study population comprises of single and married women. Methodology: This was a retrospective study where data was collected from Rwanda Military Hospital. Results: The results of this study showed that the incidence of candidiasis was higher in married women when compared with single women. The prevalence of candidiasis in married women was 128(74.4%), while in single women is 44(25.6%). It was observed in this study that the distribution of candidiasis among married and single is statistically significant (p<0.05). Results also show that out of 172 single and married women, more cases of candidiasis were observed within the age range of 21-30 years, 66 (44.2%) were infected with candida albicans, 31-40 years had a prevalence of 55(32%) and 11-20 years had a prevalence of 13(7.6%). The overall of cases of candida other than C. albicans observed was 15.1%. Conclusion: This study showed that married and single women are predisposed to candidiasis. It is therefore important to give opportunistic pathogens like Candida species attention in women especially among married ones as they are mostly affected by this candidiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electronic devices have become one of the most essential accessories being used in daily lives including schools. Those devices increase the communication and using them makes learning much easier. Microbial contamination of electronic devices and inanimate surface of electronic equipment at INES-Ruhengeri can have a significant role for transmission of pathogenic bacteria. Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria from electronic devices used by students and staffs at INES-Ruhengeri University. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done on 40 electronic devices such as computers, microscopes, global positioning system (GPS) and total stations A random sampling method was applied from sterile swab soaked in peptone water solution by the technique of bearing on the surface of the entire devices and then placed in a transport medium. Collected samples were then taken in INES-Ruhengeri Microbiology laboratory for further experiments. Results: All 40 electronic devices were contaminated with bacteria. The most predominant bacteria isolated from electronic devices was S.aureus (25.9%) followed by Bacillus spp(24.1%), K.pneumonia(12.9%), S.epidermis(12.9%), Micrococcus spp(7.4%), P.aeruginosa(5.5%), E.coli(3.3%), Salmonella spp(3.3%) and Shigella spp(3.3%). Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of selected antibiotics was performed. Norfloxin was the most sensitive antibiotic on all isolated bacteria. Chloramphenicol antibiotic shown no activity over any of the isolated bacteria, to imply that all bacteria had resistance on it. Conclusion: This study shown that there is bacterial contamination to all devices and antibiotic susceptibility test shown that some antibiotics were sensitive and resistant to the isolated bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]