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1,281 results on '"NCCR"'

1. Study of Electroencephalogram (EEG) Measurement During Different Stimulations of the Lower Urinary Tract

Author: NCCR (National Center of Competence in Resaerch, Switzerland) and Ulrich Mehnert, Executive physician
Published: 2019

2. Frequency and Origin of Dysnatremias in the Emergency Department

Author: Steering committee of the NCCR and Gregor Lindner M.D.
Published: 2015

3. Controlled motility in the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium regulates aggregate architecture

Author: Fonds National de la Recherche - FnR [sponsor], Swiss National Science Foundation [sponsor], Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [sponsor], Simons Foundation [sponsor], National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Microbiomes, Switzerland [sponsor], Pfreundt, Ulrike, Słomka, Jonasz, Schneider, Giulia, Sengupta, Anupam, Carrara, Francesco, Fernandez, Vicente, Ackermann, Martin, Stocker, Roman, Fonds National de la Recherche - FnR [sponsor], Swiss National Science Foundation [sponsor], Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [sponsor], Simons Foundation [sponsor], National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Microbiomes, Switzerland [sponsor], Pfreundt, Ulrike, Słomka, Jonasz, Schneider, Giulia, Sengupta, Anupam, Carrara, Francesco, Fernandez, Vicente, Ackermann, Martin, and Stocker, Roman
Abstract: The ocean’s nitrogen is largely fixed by cyanobacteria, including Trichodesmium, which forms aggregates comprising hundreds of filaments arranged in organized architectures. Aggregates often form upon exposure to stress and have ecological and biophysical characteristics that differ from those of single filaments. Here, we report that Trichodesmium aggregates can rapidly modulate their shape, responding within minutes to changes in environmental conditions. Combining video microscopy and mathematical modeling, we discovered that this reorganization is mediated by “smart reversals” wherein gliding filaments reverse when their overlap with other filaments diminishes. By regulating smart reversals, filaments control aggregate architecture without central coordination. We propose that the modulation of gliding motility at the single-filament level is a determinant of Trichodesmium’s aggregation behavior and ultimately of its biogeochemical role in the ocean.
Published: 2023

4. Adoptive Cell Transfer Combined With Peptide Vaccination in Transiently Immunosuppressed Melanoma Patients

Author: Fond'action contre le cancer, Barletta Foundation, and NCCR (National Center of Competence in Resaerch, Switzerland)
Published: 2005

5. Transnational migrant entrepreneurs: understanding their dependencies, fragilities, and alternatives

Author: UNINE - nccr-on the move, Sandoz, Laure, Mittmasser, Christina, Riaño, Yvonne, Izaguirre, Lorena, UNINE - nccr-on the move, Sandoz, Laure, Mittmasser, Christina, Riaño, Yvonne, and Izaguirre, Lorena
Abstract: Recent research highlights that the activities of migrant entrepreneurs increasingly extend beyond national borders, thus making them relevant actors of globalization. Nevertheless, the socio-spatial conditions that frame their cross-border activities are still poorly understood. The aim of this article is twofold: first, we apply the lens of ‘globalization from below’ to study small-scale transnational migrant entrepreneurs (TMEs), thereby providing new insights into less visible globalization processes; second, we show that TMEs are not simply free economic agents but depend on connections in local and transnational spaces. Inspired by the literature on dependencies and feminist approaches, we develop a typology to address the following research question: Under which conditions is relying on others beneficial for transnational migrant entrepreneurship, and under which conditions does it lead to precariousness? Building on 86 semi-structured interviews in Colombia, Spain, and Switzerland, we uncover the diverse nature of dependencies and reveal the unequal opportunities TMEs face.
Published: 2022

6. Colombian and Peruvian Suitcase Traders: Exploring the Transnational Social Spaces that Emerge from Informal Cross-Border Mobilities in South America

Author: University of Neuchâtel - nccr-on the move, Izaguirre, Lorena, University of Neuchâtel - nccr-on the move, and Izaguirre, Lorena
Published: 2022

7. The Next Frontier of Environmental Unknowns: Substances of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products, or Biological Materials (UVCBs)

Author: Fonds National de la Recherche - FnR [sponsor], National Institutes of Health [sponsor], European Union [sponsor], NCCR Catalysis [sponsor], Lai, Adelene, Clark, Alex, Escher, Beate, Fernandez, Marc, McEwen, Leah, Tian, Zhenyu, Wang, Zhanyun, Schymanski, Emma, Fonds National de la Recherche - FnR [sponsor], National Institutes of Health [sponsor], European Union [sponsor], NCCR Catalysis [sponsor], Lai, Adelene, Clark, Alex, Escher, Beate, Fernandez, Marc, McEwen, Leah, Tian, Zhenyu, Wang, Zhanyun, and Schymanski, Emma
Abstract: Substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCBs) are over 70 000 “complex” chemical mixtures produced and used at significant levels worldwide. Due to their unknown or variable composition, applying chemical assessments originally developed for individual compounds to UVCBs is challenging, which impedes sound management of these substances. Across the analytical sciences, toxicology, cheminformatics, and regulatory practice, new approaches addressing specific aspects of UVCB assessment are being developed, albeit in a fragmented manner. This review attempts to convey the “big picture” of the state of the art in dealing with UVCBs by holistically examining UVCB characterization and chemical identity representation, as well as hazard, exposure, and risk assessment. Overall, information gaps on chemical identities underpin the fundamental challenges concerning UVCBs, and better reporting and substance characterization efforts are needed to support subsequent chemical assessments. To this end, an information level scheme for improved UVCB data collection and management within databases is proposed. The development of UVCB testing shows early progress, in line with three main methods: whole substance, known constituents, and fraction profiling. For toxicity assessment, one option is a whole-mixture testing approach. If the identities of (many) constituents are known, grouping, read across, and mixture toxicity modeling represent complementary approaches to overcome data gaps in toxicity assessment. This review highlights continued needs for concerted efforts from all stakeholders to ensure proper assessment and sound management of UVCBs.
Published: 2022

8. Clinical predictors of antipsychotic treatment resistance: Development and internal validation of a prognostic prediction model by the STRATA-G consortium

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) South London at King's College Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, European Community (EC), European Community's Seventh Framework Program, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience at King's College London; Psychiatry Research Trust, Fondation Alamaya, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, King's College London, Maudsley Charity Research Fund., Medical Research Council, Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "SYNAPSY - The Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases" from the Swiss National Science Foundation, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, Plan Nacional de Drogas. Beca de investigación, Research and Development Office of Northern Ireland, Research Council of Norway, SENY Fundatio Research Grant, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNFS), UK Medical Research Council, UK National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Specialist Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust (SLaM), Wellcome Trust, Smart, Sophie E., Agbedjro, Deborah, Pardiñas, Antonio F., Ajnakina, Olesya, Alameda, Luis, Andreassen, Ole A., Crespo Facorro, Benedicto, MacCabe, James H., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) South London at King's College Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, European Community (EC), European Community's Seventh Framework Program, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience at King's College London; Psychiatry Research Trust, Fondation Alamaya, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, King's College London, Maudsley Charity Research Fund., Medical Research Council, Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "SYNAPSY - The Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases" from the Swiss National Science Foundation, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, Plan Nacional de Drogas. Beca de investigación, Research and Development Office of Northern Ireland, Research Council of Norway, SENY Fundatio Research Grant, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNFS), UK Medical Research Council, UK National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Specialist Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust (SLaM), Wellcome Trust, Smart, Sophie E., Agbedjro, Deborah, Pardiñas, Antonio F., Ajnakina, Olesya, Alameda, Luis, Andreassen, Ole A., Crespo Facorro, Benedicto, and MacCabe, James H.
Abstract: Introduction Our aim was to, firstly, identify characteristics at first-episode of psychosis that are associated with later antipsychotic treatment resistance (TR) and, secondly, to develop a parsimonious prediction model for TR. Methods We combined data from ten prospective, first-episode psychosis cohorts from across Europe and categorised patients as TR or non-treatment resistant (NTR) after a mean follow up of 4.18 years (s.d. = 3.20) for secondary data analysis. We identified a list of potential predictors from clinical and demographic data recorded at first-episode. These potential predictors were entered in two models: a multivariable logistic regression to identify which were independently associated with TR and a penalised logistic regression, which performed variable selection, to produce a parsimonious prediction model. This model was internally validated using a 5-fold, 50-repeat cross-validation optimism-correction. Results Our sample consisted of N = 2216 participants of which 385 (17 %) developed TR. Younger age of psychosis onset and fewer years in education were independently associated with increased odds of developing TR. The prediction model selected 7 out of 17 variables that, when combined, could quantify the risk of being TR better than chance. These included age of onset, years in education, gender, BMI, relationship status, alcohol use, and positive symptoms. The optimism-corrected area under the curve was 0.59 (accuracy = 64 %, sensitivity = 48 %, and specificity = 76 %). Implications Our findings show that treatment resistance can be predicted, at first-episode of psychosis. Pending a model update and external validation, we demonstrate the potential value of prediction models for TR.
Published: 2022

9. Gene set enrichment analysis of pathophysiological pathways highlights oxidative stress in psychosis

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Alamaya Foundation, European Union (UE), Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Valdecilla, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MINECO/FEDER, National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "SYNAPSY-The Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases" from the Swiss National Science Foundation, Plan Nacional de Drogas, SENY Fundatio Research, University of Lausanne, Pistis, Giorgio, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Fournier, Margot, Jenni, Raoul, Cleusix, Martine, Papiol, Sergi, Crespo Facorro, Benedicto, Q Do, Kim, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Alamaya Foundation, European Union (UE), Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Valdecilla, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MINECO/FEDER, National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "SYNAPSY-The Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases" from the Swiss National Science Foundation, Plan Nacional de Drogas, SENY Fundatio Research, University of Lausanne, Pistis, Giorgio, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Fournier, Margot, Jenni, Raoul, Cleusix, Martine, Papiol, Sergi, Crespo Facorro, Benedicto, and Q Do, Kim
Abstract: Polygenic risk prediction remains an important aim of genetic association studies. Currently, the predictive power of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) is not large enough to allow highly accurate discrimination between cases and controls and thus is not adequate for clinical integration. Since PRSs are rarely used to reveal biological functions or to validate candidate pathways, to fill this gap, we investigated whether their predictive ability could be improved by building genome-wide (GW-PRSs) and pathway-specific PRSs, using distance- or expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs)- based mapping between genetic variants and genes. We focused on five pathways (glutamate, oxidative stress, GABA/interneurons, neuroimmune/neuroinflammation and myelin) which belong to a critical hub of schizophrenia pathophysiology, centred on redox dysregulation/oxidative stress. Analyses were first performed in the Lausanne Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP) study (n = 340, cases/controls: 208/132), a sample of first-episode of psychosis patients and matched controls, and then validated in an independent study, the epidemiological and longitudinal intervention program of First-Episode Psychosis in Cantabria (PAFIP) (n = 352, 224/128). Our results highlighted two main findings. First, GW-PRSs for schizophrenia were significantly associated with early psychosis status. Second, oxidative stress was the only significantly associated pathway that showed an enrichment in both the TIPP (p = 0.03) and PAFIP samples (p = 0.002), and exclusively when gene-variant linking was done using eQTLs. The results suggest that the predictive accuracy of polygenic risk scores could be improved with the inclusion of information from functional annotations, and through a focus on specific pathways, emphasizing the need to build and study functionally informed risk scores.
Published: 2022

10. Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: African Migrants in the Spotlight

Author: State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), National Center of Competence in Research nccr — on the move funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Ruedin, Didier, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), National Center of Competence in Research nccr — on the move funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, and Ruedin, Didier
Abstract: This thematic issue examines questions of decision-making under limited (and contradictory) information, focusing on migration decisions. Migrants are far from a homogenous population, but they commonly use narratives as heuristics. We observe much agency among migrants to pursue migration plans, with migration decisions best understood as chains of multiple decisions rather than simple push-pull or two-step models.
Published: 2021

11. Refugee Students’ Access to Three European Universities: An Ethnographic Study

Author: National Center of Competence in Research - The Migration Mobility Nexus (NCCR – On the Move) funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Sontag, Katrin, National Center of Competence in Research - The Migration Mobility Nexus (NCCR – On the Move) funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, and Sontag, Katrin
Abstract: The article presents an ethnographic fieldwork carried out at three universities in Switzerland, Germany, and France, and analyses how access to higher education for refugees was addressed in the three cases, how and which institutional change and activities were initiated, and by which actors. The article argues that the topic cannot be addressed in isolation but has to consider four intersecting areas: the personal biography and migratory history of the students, the asylum system, the educational system, and the funding situation. For the refugee students, the challenge is that these areas need to be taken into account simultaneously, but what is more challenging is that they are not well in tune with one another. Solutions need to take this complex—and place-specific—situation into account.
Published: 2019

12. Analysing the Role of Social Visits on Migrants’ Social Capital: A Personal Network Approach

Author: NCCR Lives, Viry, Gil, Ganjour, Olga, Gauthier, Jacques-Antoine, Ravalet, Emmanuel, Widmer, Eric D., NCCR Lives, Viry, Gil, Ganjour, Olga, Gauthier, Jacques-Antoine, Ravalet, Emmanuel, and Widmer, Eric D.
Abstract: There are concerns that migrants may be embedded in far-flung networks with support being less collective. The spatial dispersion of their relatives and friends would result in fragmented networks with lower solidarity and lower mutual trust than densely connected networks based on geographical proximity. This may be particularly true for migrants who rarely meet their relatives and friends face-to-face. Yet, it is unclear what role, if any, distant visits play in migrants’ social capital. This article examines these issues using representative data from Switzerland and a combination of network and sequence analysis. Results show that migrants have more spatially dispersed networks, which, in turn, are associated with higher number of emotional support ties compared to respondents with spatially close networks, yet they are characterised by low cohesion and low trust. Distant visits only partly moderate the influence of spatial dispersion on social capital. People who frequently visit or host their far-flung relatives and friends have more transitive networks and fewer supportive ties than those who see them less often, but they do not have higher trust in them. Overall, distant visits have relatively little impact on social capital, suggesting a network effect that goes beyond dyadic relationships.
Published: 2017

13. Differing forms of democracy: how do the people rule?

Author: NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), Bochsler, Daniel, NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), and Bochsler, Daniel
Published: 2013

14. Demokratie in Megacities: Herausforderung für das 21. Jahrhundert

Author: NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), Kübler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-0926, NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), and Kübler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-0926
Published: 2013

15. The development of democracy: a long road

Author: NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), Bochsler, Daniel, NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), and Bochsler, Daniel
Published: 2013

16. Democracy in megacities: the twenty-first century challenge

Author: NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), Kübler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-0926, NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), and Kübler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-0926
Published: 2013

17. Verschiedene Formen der Demokratie: Wie herrscht das Volk?

Author: NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), Bochsler, Daniel, NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), and Bochsler, Daniel
Published: 2013

18. Basisdemokratische Abstimmung in den italienischen Fiat-Werken und die Mobilisierung für die Zukunft Italiens: Mitbestimmung am Arbeitsplatz

Author: NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), Fossati, Flavia, NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), and Fossati, Flavia
Published: 2013

19. Democracy from below: Italy's Fiat plants and mobilization for the future: Participatory decision-making in the workplace

Author: NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), Fossati, Flavia, NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), and Fossati, Flavia
Published: 2013

20. Demoicracy. The democracy of democracies

Author: NCCR Democracy, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR Democracy, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), Cheneval, Francis, NCCR Democracy, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR Democracy, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), and Cheneval, Francis
Published: 2013

21. Entwicklung und Demokratie: ein langer Weg

Author: NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), Bochsler, Daniel, NCCR, Kriesi, Hanspeter, Müller, Lars, NCCR, ( ), Kriesi, H ( Hanspeter ), Müller, L ( Lars ), and Bochsler, Daniel
Published: 2013

22. The feminization of occupations and change in wages: A panel analysis of Britain, Germany, and Switzerland

Author: University of Lausanne: NCCR LIVES [research center], Swiss National Science Foundation [sponsor], Murphy, Emily, Oesch, Daniel, University of Lausanne: NCCR LIVES [research center], Swiss National Science Foundation [sponsor], Murphy, Emily, and Oesch, Daniel
Published: 2016
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23. Processing of tumor-associated antigen by the proteasomes of dendritic cells controls in vivo T-cell responses

Author: University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland - LICR Lausanne, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (USA) - Ludwig Institute Clinical Trial Center, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland - Ludwig Institute Clinical Trial Center, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland - Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland & ISREC, Epalinges, Switzerland - Department of Biochemistry & NCCR, Molecular Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland & ISREC, Epalinges, Switzerland - LICR Lausanne & NCCR, Molecular Oncology, UCL - MD/MIGE - Département de microbiologie, d'immunologie et de génétique, Chapatte, Laurence, Ayyoub, Maha, Morel, Sandra, Peitrequin, Anne-Lise, Lévy, Nicole, Servis, Catherine, Van den Eynde, Benoît, Valmori, Danila, Lévy, Frédéric, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland - LICR Lausanne, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (USA) - Ludwig Institute Clinical Trial Center, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland - Ludwig Institute Clinical Trial Center, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland - Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland & ISREC, Epalinges, Switzerland - Department of Biochemistry & NCCR, Molecular Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland & ISREC, Epalinges, Switzerland - LICR Lausanne & NCCR, Molecular Oncology, UCL - MD/MIGE - Département de microbiologie, d'immunologie et de génétique, Chapatte, Laurence, Ayyoub, Maha, Morel, Sandra, Peitrequin, Anne-Lise, Lévy, Nicole, Servis, Catherine, Van den Eynde, Benoît, Valmori, Danila, and Lévy, Frédéric
Abstract: Dendritic cells are unique in their capacity to process antigens and prime naive CD8(+) T cells. Contrary to most cells, which express the standard proteasomes, dendritic cells express immunoproteasomes constitutively. The melanoma-associated protein Melan-A(MART1) contains an HLA-A2-restricted peptide that is poorly processed by melanoma cells expressing immunoproteasomes in vitro. Here, we show that the expression of Melan-A in dendritic cells fails to elicit T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo because it is not processed by the proteasomes of dendritic cells. In contrast, dendritic cells lacking immunoproteasomes induce strong anti-Melan-A T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the inefficient processing of self-antigens, such as Melan-A, by the immunoproteasomes of professional antigen-presenting cells prevents the induction of antitumor T-cell responses in vivo.
Published: 2006

24. Workers’ Movement out of Declining Occupations in Great Britain, Germany and Switzerland

Author: NCCR LIVES Lausanne [research center], Swiss National Science Foundation [sponsor], Murphy, Emily, NCCR LIVES Lausanne [research center], Swiss National Science Foundation [sponsor], and Murphy, Emily
Abstract: The employment structure undergoes constant change. Certain occupations grow while others decline under the pressure of technological advances, internationalization and welfare state reforms. This evolution at the aggregate level has been well documented. Our knowledge of how macro-level change in the employment structure is brought about through micro-level career adjustments is less extensive. Drawing on panel data, this paper examines the types of workers most likely to leave occupations that have declined over the past 20 years, and the most likely destination of these exits in Great Britain, Germany and Switzerland. Overall, we find that women are more likely than men to leave a declining occupation, and the most likely route out of declining occupations for female workers is towards low paid growing occupations. Clerical workers are more likely to exit to high paid growing occupations than production workers, and male production workers are at higher risk than female clerks of exiting into unemployment.
Published: 2014

25. Forschungspartnerschaften für den Süden

Author: NCCR North-South
Published: 2005
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26. Democracy : an ongoing challenge

Author: NCCR Democracy, KRIESI, Hanspeter, MÜLLER, Lars, NCCR Democracy, KRIESI, Hanspeter, and MÜLLER, Lars
Abstract: Is democracy the best form of government? What are the hallmarks of a good democracy? These questions were asked in ancient times and we are still trying to find the answers today. We have learned, at least, that there is no “perfect” democracy ! Democratically-ruled nations try to strike a difficult balance between equality and liberty, as well as between majority and minorities. They try to maintain order in society while allowing for the greatest possible expressions of opinion at the same time. Democracy demands and democracy challenges — and as a system of government, democracy is itself challenged today by globalization and the development of digital media. Against this background, and in light of political and economic events in Asia or in the Arab world, there is another incessant question: is democracy still up-to-date? But of course! Democracies perform generally better and ensure peace more successfully than do other forms of government. Democracy: An Ongoing Challenge illustrates why. This visual reader uses the power of images to complement the text, resulting in a compendium of the history and development of democracy, and offers insight into the contemporary debates.
Published: 2013

27. (Re)making the Social World: The Politics of Transitional Justice in Burundi

Author: Doctoral Program on "Global Change, Innovation and Sustainable Development" associated with the NCCR North-South program of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Sandra Rubli; swisspeace & University of Basel, Doctoral Program on "Global Change, Innovation and Sustainable Development" associated with the NCCR North-South program of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), and Sandra Rubli; swisspeace & University of Basel
Abstract: Focusing on political parties, this article highlights divergent conceptualizations of key elements of transitional justice that are part of the current contestation of the dealing-with-the-past process in Burundi. Speaking to the emerging critical literature on transitional justice, this article attempts to look beyond claims that there is a lack of political will to comply with a certain global transitional justice paradigm. In this article, transitional justice is conceived of as a political process of negotiated values and power relations that attempts to constitute the future based on lessons from the past. This paper argues that political parties in Burundi use transitional justice not only as a strategy to protect partisan interests or target political opponents, but also as an instrument to promote their political struggles in the course of moulding a new, post-conflict society and state., Der vorliegende Artikel beleuchtet wesentliche parteipolitische Konzeptionen zu Transitional Justice, wie sie im öffentlichen Diskurs zur Aufarbeitung der Vergangenheit in Burundi erkennbar sind. Bezugnehmend auf die zunehmend kritische Literatur zu Transitional Justice versucht die Autorin, Antworten jenseits der Interpretation zu finden, der politische Wille zur Umsetzung des Transitional-Justice-Modells sei in Burundi nicht in ausreichendem Maß vorhanden. Sie versteht Transitional Justice als politischen Prozess, in dem Werte und Machtverhältnisse ausgehandelt werden und in dem versucht wird, die Zukunft des Landes auf der Basis der Lehren aus der Vergangenheit zu gestalten. Die Autorin argumentiert, dass die politischen Parteien in Burundi Transitional Justice nicht nur als Strategie nutzen, Parteiinteressen durchzusetzen oder politische Gegner zu treffen, sondern auch als Mittel, im Rahmen ihrer politischen Auseinandersetzungen den Aufbau einer Post-Konflikt-Gesellschaft und eines neuen Staates zu unterstützen.
Published: 2013

28. Hailey Bieber's Rhode Introduces New Facial Essence: Meet Glazing Milk.

Author: LOBAD, NCCR
Subjects: GLAZES, MILK, FLAVOR
Published: 2023

29. A deep hierarchy of predictions enables assignment of semantic roles in online speech comprehension

Author: Yaqing Su, Lucy J. MacGregor, Itsaso Olasagasti, Anne-Lise Giraud, Département des Neurosciences fondamentales, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research 'Evolving language' (NCCR Evolving language), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut de l'Audition [Paris] (IDA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and This work was funded by Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 320030B_182855) and NCCR Evolving Language, Swiss National Science Foundation Agreement #51NF40_180888
Subjects: [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics
Abstract: Understanding speech requires mapping fleeting and often ambiguous soundwaves to meaning. While humans are known to exploit their capacity to contextualize to facilitate this process, how internal knowledge is deployed on-line remains an open question. Here, we present a model that extracts multiple levels of information from continuous speech online. The model applies linguistic and nonlinguistic knowledge to speech processing, by periodically generating top-down predictions and incorporating bottom-up incoming evidence in a nested temporal hierarchy. We show that a nonlinguistic context level provides semantic predictions informed by sensory inputs, which are crucial for disambiguating among multiple meanings of the same word. The explicit knowledge hierarchy of the model enables a more holistic account of the neurophysiological responses to speech compared to using lexical predictions generated by a neural-network language model (GPT-2). We also show that hierarchical predictions reduce peripheral processing via minimizing uncertainty and prediction error. With this proof-of-concept model we demonstrate that the deployment of hierarchical predictions is a possible strategy for the brain to dynamically utilize structured knowledge and make sense of the speech input.
Published: 2022
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30. Determination of the lipid composition of the GPI anchor

Author: Ana Maria Perez-Linero, Sofia Rodriguez-Gallardo, Susana Sabido-Bozo, Sergio López, Manuel Muñiz, Alejandro Cortes-Gomez, Auxiliadora Aguilera-Romero, Isabelle Riezman, Howard Riezman, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Universidad de Sevilla, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Celular, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Swiss National Science Foundation (SNFS), [Aguilera-Romero,A, Sabido-Bozo,S, Lopez,S, Cortes-Gomez,A, Rodriguez-Gallardo,S, Perez-Linero,AM, Muñiz,M] Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla e Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. [Riezman,I, Riezman,H] Department of Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland., and This research was funded by the FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades—Agencia Estatal de Investigación/BFU2017-89700-P to Manuel Muñiz, 'VI Own Research Plan' of the University of Seville VIPPIT-2020-I.5 to Manuel Muñiz, by the Incentivo al Grupo de Investigación BIO-271 (2019/BIO-271) and the NCCR Chemical Biology and the Swiss National Science Foundation (51NF40-185898 and 310030_184949) to Howard Riezman. ‘V Own Research Plan’ of the University of Seville (VPPIUS) contract (cofounded by the European Social Fund) to Sergio Lopez, University of Seville fellowships to Sofia Rodriguez-Gallardo and Ana Maria Perez-Linero, Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (MECD) fellowship to Susana Sabido Bozo and contract from the University of Seville by the Youth Employment Initiative to Alejandro Cortes-Gomez.
Subjects: Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Glycoproteins::Membrane Glycoproteins::GPI-Linked Proteins [Medical Subject Headings], Glycosylphosphatidylinositols, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Fungal Proteins::Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins [Medical Subject Headings], Cell Membranes, Yeast and Fungal Models, Protein lipidation, Tandem mass spectrometry, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Ceramides [Medical Subject Headings], Lab Protocol, Genes, Reporter, Macromolecular Structure Analysis, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Glycoproteins::Membrane Glycoproteins [Medical Subject Headings], Staining, Multidisciplinary, Membrane Glycoproteins, Secretory Pathway, Lipid Analysis, biology, Chemistry, Eukaryota, Genes, reporter, Lipids, Blot, Membrane Staining, Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Glycoconjugates::Glycolipids::Glycosylphosphatidylinositols [Medical Subject Headings], Experimental Organism Systems, Cell Processes, Lípidos, Medicine, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Cellular Structures and Organelles, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Immunoprecipitation, Science, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Structures::Genome::Genome Components::Genes::Genes, Reporter [Medical Subject Headings], Ceramides, GPI-Linked Proteins, Research and Analysis Methods, Saccharomyces, Glycolipid, Model Organisms, Organisms::Eukaryota::Fungi::Ascomycota::Saccharomycetales::Saccharomyces [Medical Subject Headings], Integral Membrane Proteins, Molecular Biology, Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Cell Membrane [Medical Subject Headings], Membranes, Glicosilfosfatidilinositoles, Cell Membrane, Genes informadores, Organisms, Fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, Membrane Proteins, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, Membranas, Ceramidas, carbohydrates (lipids), Membrane protein, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Luminescent Proteins::Green Fluorescent Proteins [Medical Subject Headings], Specimen Preparation and Treatment, Animal Studies, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Chemistry Techniques, Analytical::Mass Spectrometry [Medical Subject Headings]
Abstract: In eukaryotic cells, a subset of cell surface proteins is attached by the glycolipid glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) to the external leaflet of the plasma membrane where they play important roles as enzymes, receptors, or adhesion molecules. Here we present a protocol for purification and mass spectrometry analysis of the lipid moiety of individual GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in yeast. The method involves the expression of a specific GPI-AP tagged with GFP, solubilization, immunoprecipitation, separation by electrophoresis, blotting onto PVDF, release and extraction of the GPI-lipid moiety and analysis by mass spectrometry. By using this protocol, we could determine the precise GPI-lipid structure of the GPI-AP Gas1-GFP in a modified yeast strain. This protocol can be used to identify the lipid composition of the GPI anchor of distinct GPI-APs from yeast to mammals and can be adapted to determine other types of protein lipidation., This research was funded by the FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades—Agencia Estatal de Investigación/BFU2017-89700-P to Manuel Muñiz, "VI Own Research Plan" of the University of Seville VIPPIT-2020-I.5 to Manuel Muñiz, by the Incentivo al Grupo de Investigación BIO-271 (2019/BIO-271) and the NCCR Chemical Biology and the Swiss National Science Foundation (51NF40-185898 and 310030_184949) to Howard Riezman. ‘V Own Research Plan’ of the University of Seville (VPPI-US) contract (cofounded by the European Social Fund) to Sergio Lopez, University of Seville fellowships to Sofia Rodriguez-Gallardo and Ana Maria Perez-Linero, Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (MECD) fellowship to Susana Sabido-Bozo and contract from the University of Seville by the Youth Employment Initiative to Alejandro Cortes-Gomez.
Published: 2021

31. Partir un jour, sans retour ?: Injonctions et pratiques de la mobilité internationale dans l’espaceacadémique suisse contemporain – le cas des postdocs

Author: Bataille, Pierre, Sautier, Marie, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Apprentissages en Contexte (LaRAC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Laboratoire Capitalisme, Culture et Sociétés (LACCUS), NCCR LIVES (LIVES), Centre de sociologie des organisations (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CSO), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UE (FP7), NCCR LIVES, FNS, and European Project: 611737,EC:FP7:SiS,FP7-SCIENCE-IN-SOCIETY-2013-1,GARCIA(2014)
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education
Abstract: International audience; « Faire un postdoc », « partir à l’étranger », « publier », comptent au nombre des multiples injonctions auxquelles les jeunes docteur·e·s en quête d’un poste académique stable sont encouragé·e·s à se conformer. Porté par de nombreuses institutions académiques européennes, ce discours intervient dans un contexte marqué par la forte augmentation du nombre de postdoctorant·e·s depuis le début des années 1990 (Theodosiou et al. 2012), et une internationalisation croissante du champ scientifique et des carrières des personnels académiques (Goastellec 2017). Les données analysées dans cette enquête rassemblent des questionnaires et entretiens réalisés auprès de postdoctorant·e·s ayant travaillé dans une même université suisse au cours des années 2010. Nous montrons que si l’expérience postdoctorale à l’étranger tend à s’imposer comme une des conditions sine qua non pour accéder à un poste académique stable dans le contexte vétique, ce modèle de carrière s’hybride avec des formes plus anciennes de structuration des carrières académiques, en lien avec l’histoire particulière du système universitaire suisse. Notre contribution est organisée comme suit : nous contextualisons questions de recherche dans un premier temps en rappelant les mutations récentes de l’emploi académique et la manière dont elles ont été interprétées dans la littérature contemporaine. Nous présentons ensuite les particularités de l’emploi académique suisse et détaillons le modèle analytique mobilisé pour rendre compte des logiques guidant les parcours et expériences des postdocs que nous avons rencontré·e·s. Nous proposons enfin une analyse de l’espace des carrières caractérisant nos enquêté·e·s. Nous observerons qu’au-delà des marqueurs d’excellence mis en avant par les instances évaluatrices – parmi lesquelles le nombre de publications dans des revues à comité de lecture ou encore la mobilité internationale – certains éléments de parcours comme la socialisation conjugale participent fortement à orienter les carrières.
Published: 2020

32. Ceramide chain length-dependent protein sorting into selective endoplasmic reticulum exit sites

Author: Stefano Vanni, Miyako Nakano, Misako Araki, Alejandro Cortes-Gomez, Sofia Rodriguez-Gallardo, Auxiliadora Aguilera-Romero, Valeria Zoni, Atsuko Ikeda, Sergio López, Susana Sabido-Bozo, Howard Riezman, Kazuo Kurokawa, Manuel Muñiz, Miho Waga, Kouichi Funato, Akihiko Nakano, Ana Maria Perez-Linero, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Universidad de Sevilla, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss National Supercomputing Centre, National Centres of Competence in Research (Switzerland), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), [Rodriguez-Gallardo,S, Sabido-Bozo,S, Cortes-Gomez,A, Aguilera-Romero,A, Perez-Linero,AM, Lopez,S, Muñiz,M] Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. [Kurokawa,K, Waga,M, Nakano,A] Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan. [Zoni,V, Vanni, S] Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. [Ikeda,A, Araki,M, Nakano,M, Funato,K] Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. [Riezman,H] NCCR Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland., This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, grant number BFU2017-89700-P to M.M.), 'VI Own Research Plan' of the University of Seville (VIPPIT-2020-I.5 to M.M.), and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP25221103, JP17H06420, and JP18H05275 to A.N. and K. K., and JP19H02922 to M.N. and K.F.). S.V. and V.Z. acknowledge support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 163966) and from the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under project IDs s726 and s842. H.R. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the NCCR Chemical Biology (grants 184949 and 185898). This research was funded by the 'VI Own Research Plan 'of the University of Seville (VIPPIT-2020-I.5), 'V Own Research Plan' of the University of Seville (VPPI-US) contract (cofounded by the European Social Fund) to S.L., University of Seville fellowship to S.R.-G., Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport (MECD) fellowship to S.S.-B., and contract from the University of Seville by the Youth Employment Initiative to A.C.-G., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Celular, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNFS), and Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS)
Subjects: Vías secretorias, Endoplasmic Reticulum, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Ceramides [Medical Subject Headings], chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Intracellular Space::Cytoplasm::Cytoplasmic Structures::Organelles::Endoplasmic Reticulum [Medical Subject Headings], Protein targeting, Research Articles, 0303 health sciences, Secretory Pathway, Multidisciplinary, Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::Biological Transport::Protein Transport [Medical Subject Headings], Chemistry, SciAdv r-articles, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins [Medical Subject Headings], Compartmentalization (psychology), Lipids, Anatomy::Tissues::Membranes [Medical Subject Headings], Transmembrane protein, Cell biology, Protein Transport, Lípidos, Proteínas, Reticulum, Research Article, Anatomy::Animal Structures::Stomach, Ruminant::Reticulum [Medical Subject Headings], Ceramide, Cell signaling, Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids [Medical Subject Headings], Ceramides, Retículo endoplásmico, Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Glycolipids::Glycosylphosphatidylinositols [Medical Subject Headings], 03 medical and health sciences, Live cell imaging, medicine, Secretory pathway, 030304 developmental biology, Membranes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Glicosilfosfatidilinositoles, Proteins, Membrane Proteins, Membranas, Ceramidas, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol, Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::Biological Transport::Secretory Pathway [Medical Subject Headings], Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Physiological Processes::Homeostasis [Medical Subject Headings], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Protein sorting in the secretory pathway is crucial to maintain cellular compartmentalization and homeostasis. In addition to coat-mediated sorting, the role of lipids in driving protein sorting during secretory transport is a longstanding fundamental question that still remains unanswered. Here, we conduct 3D simultaneous multicolor high-resolution live imaging to demonstrate in vivo that newly synthesized glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins having a very long chain ceramide lipid moiety are clustered and sorted into specialized endoplasmic reticulum exit sites that are distinct from those used by transmembrane proteins. Furthermore, we show that the chain length of ceramide in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is critical for this sorting selectivity. Our study provides the first direct in vivo evidence for lipid chain length-based protein cargo sorting into selective export sites of the secretory thway., This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO; grant number BFU2017-89700-P to M.M.), “VI Own Research Plan” of the University of Seville (VIPPIT-2020-I.5 to M.M.), and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP25221103, JP17H06420, and JP18H05275 to A.N. and K. K.; and JP19H02922 to M.N. and K.F.). S.V. and V.Z. acknowledge support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 163966) and from the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under project IDs s726 and s842. H.R. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the NCCR Chemical Biology (grants 184949 and 185898). This research was funded by the “VI Own Research Plan “of the University of Seville (VIPPIT-2020-I.5); “V Own Research Plan” of the University of Seville (VPPI-US) contract (cofounded by the European Social Fund) to S.L.; University of Seville fellowship to S.R.-G.; Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport (MECD) fellowship to S.S.-B.; and contract from the University of Seville by the Youth Employment Initiative to A.C.-G.
Published: 2020

33. Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

Author: Argaud, Soizic, Vérin, Marc, Sauleau, Paul, Grandjean, Didier, Comportement et noyaux gris centraux = Behavior and Basal Ganglia [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes = Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Rennes (INCR), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Swiss Center for Affective Sciences (CISA), Belgian pharmaceutical company UCB Pharma, National Association of Patients with Parkinson's Disease, France Parkinson, NCCR Affective Sciences, 51NF40-104897, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Affective Sciences - Emotions in Individual Behaviour and Social Processes, 51NF40-104897, Association des Parkinsoniens d'Ille-et-Vilaine (APIV), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), University of Geneva [Switzerland], and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences
Subjects: facial emotion recognition, Dopamine, Parkinson's disease, Emotions, Parkinson Disease, Review, Databases, Bibliographic, Embodied simulation, ddc:128.37, ddc:150, embodied simulation, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, basal ganglia, Basal ganglia, Humans, Facial emotion recognition, dopamine, Facial Recognition
Abstract: International audience; Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder classically characterized by motor symptoms. Among them, hypomimia affects facial expressiveness and social communication and has a highly negative impact on patients' and relatives' quality of life. Patients also frequently experience nonmotor symptoms, including emotional-processing impairments, leading to difficulty in recognizing emotions from faces. Aside from its theoretical importance, understanding the disruption of facial emotion recognition in PD is crucial for improving quality of life for both patients and caregivers, as this impairment is associated with heightened interpersonal difficulties. However, studies assessing abilities in recognizing facial emotions in PD still report contradictory outcomes. The origins of this inconsistency are unclear, and several questions (regarding the role of dopamine replacement therapy or the possible consequences of hypomimia) remain unanswered. We therefore undertook a fresh review of relevant articles focusing on facial emotion recognition in PD to deepen current understanding of this nonmotor feature, exploring multiple significant potential confounding factors, both clinical and methodological, and discussing probable pathophysiological mechanisms. This led us to examine recent proposals about the role of basal ganglia-based circuits in emotion and to consider the involvement of facial mimicry in this deficit from the perspective of embodied simulation theory. We believe our findings will inform clinical practice and increase fundamental knowledge, particularly in relation to potential embodied emotion impairment in PD. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Published: 2018
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34. Anion–π Catalysis on Carbon Nanotubes

Author: Bornhof A.-B., Vázquez-Nakagawa M., Rodríguez-Pérez L., Ángeles Herranz M., Sakai N., Martín N., Matile S., López-Andarias J. and We thank the NMR and the MS platforms for services, and the University of Geneva, the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering, the NCCR Chemical Biology and the Swiss NSF for financial support. This work was also supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci?n y Universidades (CIENCIA) of Spain (Projects CTQ2017-83531-R and CTQ2017-84327-P), and the CAM (QUIMTRONIC, Project Y2018/NMT-4783). J.L.A. acknowledges a MSCA fellowship (project 740288).
Published: 2019

35. Ce « qu'être postdoc » veut dire. Cheminements postdoctoraux en Suisse, circa 2010

Author: Pierre Bataille, Marie Sautier, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Apprentissages en Contexte (LaRAC), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), NCCR LIVES (LIVES), University of Lausanne (UNIL), FNS/NCCR LIVES, UE (FP7), Centre de sociologie des organisations (CSO), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bataille, Pierre
Subjects: Mobilité, Circulation, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Méthodes mixtes, Marché académique, Méthodes mixtes, Carrière, Circulation, Mobilité, Carrière, Marché académique
Abstract: In most countries and scientific fields, academic careers have become increasingly precarious since the early 1990s as emphasized by the sharp increase in the number of postdoctoral fellowships compared to steady number of permanent positions. At the same time, many academic institutions promote internationalization and often urge researchers to partake in "international mobility" and travel early in their careers. However, despite the pervasiveness of internationalization, national career models-which significantly vary from one country to another because of the specific history of each national academic space-still prevail. Based on quantitative and qualitative data on early academic careers in Switzerland, our article points out how the imperative of international mobility-particularly strong in contemporary Switzerland-blends with the career model that has been in place since the beginning of the 20th century. We conduct a cross-analysis of the structural determinants of early academic careers and postdoctoral researchers' narratives to understand the different ways of being a "postdoc" and the potential (dis)illusions that come alongside with this status. We highlight the social frame of these experiences and, in particular, the impact of gender. Finally, our analysis offers a general insight into the tensions that have emerged in the Swiss academic space upon internationalization., La multiplication des contrats à durée déterminée constitue une caractéristique importante des marchés académiques contemporains. Ce phé-nomène de précarisation, observable dans plusieurs contextes disciplinaires et nationaux, se manifeste notamment par l'augmentation marquée, depuis les années 1990, du nombre d'emplois postdoctoraux, proportionnellement au nombre de postes stabilisés. Parallèlement, les chercheur·e·s en début de carrière sont largement confronté·e·s à des discours institutionnels faisant la promotion des mobilités académiques et des collaborations internationales. L'abondance des discours autour de la mobilité des jeunes chercheur·e·s tend cependant à masquer la pérennité des modèles de carrières nationaux, très variables d'un pays à l'autre du fait de l'histoire particulière des espaces concernés. À partir des données quantitatives et qualitatives sur les expériences de début de carrière académique en Suisse, notre article vise à pointer comment l'impératif de mobilité internationale-particulièrement fort dans le contexte helvétique contemporain-s'hybride avec le modèle de carrière en vigueur depuis le début du xx e siècle. L'analyse croisée des déterminants structurels des débuts de carrières académiques et des récits des « postdocs » permet de com-prendre les différentes manières « d'être » postdoctorant·e·s et les potentielles (dés)illusions qui les accompagnent, tout en pointant le caractère socialement situé de ces expériences-notamment en termes de genre. Elle offre également un éclairage plus général sur les tensions qui structurent l'espace académique suisse à l'heure de son internationalisation.
Published: 2019

36. Controlled motility in the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium regulates aggregate architecture

Author: Ulrike Pfreundt, Jonasz Słomka, Giulia Schneider, Anupam Sengupta, Francesco Carrara, Vicente Fernandez, Martin Ackermann, Roman Stocker, Fonds National de la Recherche - FnR [sponsor], Swiss National Science Foundation [sponsor], Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [sponsor], Simons Foundation [sponsor], and National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Microbiomes, Switzerland [sponsor]
Subjects: Environmental sciences & ecology [F08] [Life sciences], Sciences de l'environnement & écologie [F08] [Sciences du vivant], Trichodesmium, Multidisciplinary, motility, filamentous, Multidisciplinary, general & others [G99] [Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences], aggregation, cyanobacteria, Multidisciplinaire, général & autres [G99] [Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre]
Abstract: The ocean’s nitrogen is largely fixed by cyanobacteria, including Trichodesmium , which forms aggregates comprising hundreds of filaments arranged in organized architectures. Aggregates often form upon exposure to stress and have ecological and biophysical characteristics that differ from those of single filaments. Here, we report that Trichodesmium aggregates can rapidly modulate their shape, responding within minutes to changes in environmental conditions. Combining video microscopy and mathematical modeling, we discovered that this reorganization is mediated by “smart reversals” wherein gliding filaments reverse when their overlap with other filaments diminishes. By regulating smart reversals, filaments control aggregate architecture without central coordination. We propose that the modulation of gliding motility at the single-filament level is a determinant of Trichodesmium ’s aggregation behavior and ultimately of its biogeochemical role in the ocean.
Published: 2023
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37. Dynamic remodeling of the dynamin helix during membrane constriction

Author: Nicolas Chiaruttini, Simon Scheuring, Lorena Redondo-Morata, Adai Colom, Aurélien Roux, Department of Biochemistry [Geneva, Switzerland], University of Geneva [Switzerland], Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology (NCCR-Chemical Biology), BIO-AFM-LAB Bio Atomic Force Microscopy Laboratory (Bio-AFM-Lab), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Physiology and Biophysics [New York, USA], Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Department of Anesthesiology [New York, USA], European Research Council (ERC) Starting (Consolidator) Grant 310080-MEM-STRUCT-AFM. The A.R. group acknowledges funding support from Human Frontier Science Program, Young Investigator Grant RGY0076-2008, the ERC, Starting (Consolidator) Grant 311536-MEMFIS, and the Swiss National Fund for Research, Grants 131003A_130520 and 131003A_149975., ANR-12-BSV8-0006,AFM-2-BioMed,Assemblage des proteines dans des membranes de tissus sains et pathologiques par Microscopie à Force Atomique(2012), ANR-12-BS10-0009,Opt-Spect-HS-AFM,Intégration de la microscopie optique avec la microscopie à forces atomiques à haute vitesse et développement de la spectroscopie moléculaire de forces à haute vitesse(2012), European Project: 310080,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111109,MEM-STRUCT-AFM(2013), European Project: 311536,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111109,MEMFIS(2013), REDONDO MORATA, Lorena, BLANC - Assemblage des proteines dans des membranes de tissus sains et pathologiques par Microscopie à Force Atomique - - AFM-2-BioMed2012 - ANR-12-BSV8-0006 - BLANC - VALID, BLANC - Intégration de la microscopie optique avec la microscopie à forces atomiques à haute vitesse et développement de la spectroscopie moléculaire de forces à haute vitesse - - Opt-Spect-HS-AFM2012 - ANR-12-BS10-0009 - BLANC - VALID, The Structure and Assembly of Membrane Proteins in Native Membranes studied by AFM - MEM-STRUCT-AFM - - EC:FP7:ERC2013-01-01 - 2017-12-31 - 310080 - VALID, Mechanical Understanding of Membrane Fission in Endocytosis and Cytokinesis - MEMFIS - - EC:FP7:ERC2013-01-01 - 2017-12-31 - 311536 - VALID, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology [Geneva, Switzerland] ( NCCR-Chemical Biology ), BIO-AFM-LAB Bio Atomic Force Microscopy Laboratory ( Bio-AFM-Lab ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), ANR : ANR-12-BSV8-0006-01,ANRBiochimie, Biologie Moléculaire et Structurale (BBMS), ANR : Grants ANR-Nano,ANR-12-BS10-009-01, European Project : 310080,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111109,MEM-STRUCT-AFM ( 2013 ), and European Project : 311536,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111109,MEMFIS ( 2013 )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Dynamins, high-speed atomic force microscopy, membrane fission, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Endocytic cycle, GTPase, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Endocytosis, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Cell membrane, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Membrane fission, dynamin, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Dynamin, Multidisciplinary, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Chemistry, Cell Membrane, Biological Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Crystallography, 030104 developmental biology, Membrane, medicine.anatomical_structure, ddc:540, Biophysics, Guanosine Triphosphate, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Alpha helix
Abstract: International audience; Dynamin is a dimeric GTPase that assembles into a helix around the neck of endocytic buds. Upon GTP hydrolysis, dynamin breaks these necks, a reaction called membrane fission. Fission requires dynamin to first constrict the membrane. It is unclear, however, how dynamin helix constriction works. Here we undertake a direct high-speed atomic force microscopy imaging analysis to visualize the constriction of single dynamin-coated membrane tubules. We show GTP-induced dynamic rearrangements of the dynamin helix turns: the average distances between turns reduce with GTP hydrolysis. These distances vary, however, over time because helical turns were observed to transiently pair and dissociate. At fission sites, these cycles of association and dissociation were correlated with relative lateral displacement of the turns and constriction. Our findings show relative longitudinal and lateral displacements of helical turns related to constriction. Our work highlights the potential of high-speed atomic force microscopy for the observation of mechanochemical proteins onto membranes during action at almost molecular resolution.
Published: 2017
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38. Bidirectional reflectance and VIS-NIR spectroscopy of cometary analogues under simulated space conditions

Author: Bernhard Jost, Nicolas Thomas, Nathalie Carrasco, Sonia Fornasier, Clement Feller, Zurine Yoldi, Olivier Poch, Pedro Hasselmann, Cyril Szopa, Antoine Pommerol, Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), National Centre of Competence in Research PlanetS (NCCR PlanetS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatorio Nacional [Rio de Janeiro], Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern], National Centre of Competence in Research PlanetS ( NCCR PlanetS ), Swiss National Science Foundation ( SNSF ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique ( LESIA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern]-Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hyperspectral imaging, Comet, Analytical chemistry, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Optics, Organics, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Comets, Surface layer, Porosity, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tholin, [ SDU.ASTR.EP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Water ice, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Sublimation (phase transition), business, [ SDU.ASTR.SR ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR]
Abstract: International audience; This work is intended to be the second publication in a series of papers reporting on the spectro-photometric properties of cometary analogues measured in the laboratory. Herein, we provide in-situ hyperspectral imaging data in the 0.40–2.35 μm range from three sublimation experiments under simulated space conditions in thermal vacuum from samples made of water ice, carbonaceous compounds and complex organic molecules. The dataset is complemented by measurements of the bidirectional reflectance in the visible (750 nm) spectral range before and after sublimation. A qualitative characterization of surface evolution processes is provided as well as a description of morphological changes during the simulation experiment.The aim of these experiments is to mimic the spectrum of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) as acquired by the Rosetta mission by applying sublimation experiments on the mixtures of water ice with a complex organic material (tholins) and carbonaceous compounds (carbon black; activated charcoal) studied in our companion publication (Jost et al., submitted). Sublimation experiments are needed to develop the particular texture (high porosity), expected on the nucleus' surface, which might have a strong influence on spectro-photometric properties. The spectrally best matching mixtures of non volatile organic molecules from Jost et al. (submitted) are mixed with fine grained water ice particles and evolved in a thermal vacuum chamber, in order to monitor the influence of the sublimation process on their spectro-photometric properties.We demonstrate that the way the water ice and the non-volatile constituents are mixed, plays a major role in the formation and evolution of a surface residue mantle as well as having influence on the consolidation processes of the underlying ice. Additionally it results in different activity patterns under simulated insolation cycles. Further we show that the phase curves of samples having a porous surface mantle layer display higher coincidence with data of 67P than the phase curves of the samples having a more compact surface layer with smooth texture.The analysis of spectral absorption bands of water ice in the near-infrared (NIR) range, similar to those acquired by the VIRTIS instrument onboard Rosetta, allows to link compositional considerations with surface activity and texture.
Published: 2017
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39. Dimers and circle patterns

Author: Kenyon, Richard, Lam, Wai Yeung, Ramassamy, Sanjay, Russkikh, Marianna, Department of Mathematics [Yale University], Yale University [New Haven], Department of Mathematics, Brown University, Brown University, Département de Mathématiques et Applications - ENS Paris (DMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Genève (UNIGE), NSF grant DMS-1713033, Simons Foundation award 327929, Fondation Simone et Cino del Duca, Chaire ENS-MHI, Fondation Sciences Mathématiques de Paris, NCCR SwissMAP of the SNSF, ANR-18-CE40-0033,DIMERS,Dimères : de la combinatoire à la mécanique quantique(2018), European Project: 340340,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-ADG,COMPASP(2014), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: Mathematics - Complex Variables, 52C26 82B20, General Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], FOS: Physical sciences, Geometric Topology (math.GT), [MATH.MATH-CV]Mathematics [math]/Complex Variables [math.CV], Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Dynamical Systems (math.DS), Mathematics - Geometric Topology, [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], [MATH.MATH-GT]Mathematics [math]/Geometric Topology [math.GT], FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Complex Variables (math.CV), Mathematical Physics
Abstract: We establish a correspondence between the dimer model on a bipartite graph and a circle pattern with the combinatorics of that graph, which holds for graphs that are either planar or embedded on the torus. The set of positive face weights on the graph gives a set of global coordinates on the space of circle patterns with embedded dual. Under this correspondence, which extends the previously known isoradial case, the urban renewal (local move for dimer models) is equivalent to the Miquel move (local move for circle patterns). As a consequence the Miquel dynamics on circle patterns is governed by the octahedron recurrence. As special cases of these circle pattern embeddings, we recover harmonic embeddings for resistor networks and s-embeddings for the Ising model., Comment: 39 pages, 13 figures. To appear in Annales scientifiques de l'\'Ecole normale sup\'erieure
Published: 2022
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40. Clinical predictors of antipsychotic treatment resistance: Development and internal validation of a prognostic prediction model by the STRATA-G consortium

Author: Smart, Sophie E., Agbedjro, Deborah, Pardiñas, Antonio F., Ajnakina, Olesya, Alameda, Luis, Andreassen, Ole A., Crespo Facorro, Benedicto, MacCabe, James H., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) South London at King's College Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, European Community (EC), European Community's Seventh Framework Program, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience at King's College London, Psychiatry Research Trust, Fondation Alamaya, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, King's College London, Maudsley Charity Research Fund., Medical Research Council, Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) 'SYNAPSY - The Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases' from the Swiss National Science Foundation, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, Plan Nacional de Drogas. Beca de investigación, Research and Development Office of Northern Ireland, Research Council of Norway, SENY Fundatio Research Grant, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNFS), UK Medical Research Council, UK National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Specialist Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust (SLaM), and Wellcome Trust
Subjects: First episode psychosis, Prospective longitudinal cohort, Machine learning, Prediction modelling, Stratification, Treatment resistant schizophrenia
Abstract: Introduction Our aim was to, firstly, identify characteristics at first-episode of psychosis that are associated with later antipsychotic treatment resistance (TR) and, secondly, to develop a parsimonious prediction model for TR. Methods We combined data from ten prospective, first-episode psychosis cohorts from across Europe and categorised patients as TR or non-treatment resistant (NTR) after a mean follow up of 4.18 years (s.d. = 3.20) for secondary data analysis. We identified a list of potential predictors from clinical and demographic data recorded at first-episode. These potential predictors were entered in two models: a multivariable logistic regression to identify which were independently associated with TR and a penalised logistic regression, which performed variable selection, to produce a parsimonious prediction model. This model was internally validated using a 5-fold, 50-repeat cross-validation optimism-correction. Results Our sample consisted of N = 2216 participants of which 385 (17 %) developed TR. Younger age of psychosis onset and fewer years in education were independently associated with increased odds of developing TR. The prediction model selected 7 out of 17 variables that, when combined, could quantify the risk of being TR better than chance. These included age of onset, years in education, gender, BMI, relationship status, alcohol use, and positive symptoms. The optimism-corrected area under the curve was 0.59 (accuracy = 64 %, sensitivity = 48 %, and specificity = 76 %). Implications Our findings show that treatment resistance can be predicted, at first-episode of psychosis. Pending a model update and external validation, we demonstrate the potential value of prediction models for TR.
Published: 2022

41. Les enfants présentant un retard de croissance présentent une colonisation ectopique de l'intestin grêle par des bactéries buccales, qui provoquent une malabsorption des lipides dans des modèles expérimentaux

Author: Vonaesch, P., Araújo, J. R., Gody, J. C., Mbecko, J. R., Sanke, H., Andrianonimiadana, L., Naharimanananirina, T., Ningatoloum, S. N., Vondo, S. S., Gondje, P. B., Rodriguez-Pozo, A., Rakotondrainipiana, M., Kandou, K. J. E., Nestoret, A., Kapel, N., Djorie, S. G., Finlay, B. B., Wegener Parfrey, L., Collard, J. M., Randremanana, R. V., Sansonetti, P. J., Afribiota Investigators, Pathogénie microbienne moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Basel (Unibas), Centre pédiatrique de Bangui, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHUJRA), Immunologie Translationnelle - Translational Immunology lab, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of British Columbia (UBC), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), This project was funded by the Total Foundation, the Institut Pasteur, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant OPP1204689, the Fondation Petram, Nutricia Foundation Grant NRF 2016-10, and a donation from the Odyssey Re-Insurance Company. P.V. was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation Early Postdoctoral Fellowship P2EZP3_152159, Advanced Postdoctoral Fellowship P300PA_177876, and Return Grant P3P3PA_17877, a Roux-Cantarini fellowship (2016), a L’Oréal–UNESCO for Women in Science France fellowship (2017), and an Excellence Scholarship from the University of Basel (Forschungsfonds, 2019). Her group is funded through the NCCR Microbiomes, a National Centre of Competence in Research, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 180575). Work in the group of L.W.P. is funded by Human Frontier Science Program Grant RGY0078/2015. P.J.S. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Senior Foreign Scholar and CIFAR scholar in the human microbiome consortium., We thank all children and their families who participated in the Afribiota project. Further, we thank the Afribiota Consortium, the participating hospitals in Bangui and Antananarivo, the Institut Pasteur, the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, the Institut Pasteur de Bangui, and members of the scientific advisory boards for their continuous support, and we thank the Centre de Recherche Translationelle and the Direction Internationale of the Institut Pasteur (especially Paméla Palvadeau, Jane Lynda Deuve, Cécile Artaud, Nathalie Jolly, Sophie Jarrijon, Mamy Ratsialonina, and Jean-François Damaras) for help in setting up and steering the Afribiota project. We also thank J.-M.C., Pierre-Alain Rubbo, Dieu-Merci Welekoi-Yapondo, L.A., Laurence Arowas, and Marie-Noelle Ungeheuer for managing the biobank, the members of the animal facility at the Institut Pasteur for taking care of the mice, the Centre d’Immunolgoie Humaine of the Institut Pasteur, especially Milena Hasan, Tarshana Stephen, and Esma Karkeni, for help with setting up the LUMINEX assays at their platform, Asmaa Tazi for identification of the bacteria by MALDI-TOF spectroscopy, Estelle Martineau at the Platform Spectrometries Capacités at the University of Nantes for quantification of the fermentation products, Kelsey Huus for critical reading of the manuscript, and Munir Winkel for streamlining of the R code., and Liste of Afribiota Inverstigators : Laurence Barbot-Trystram, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France Robert Barouki, Hôpital Necker- Enfants maladies, Paris, France Alexandra Bastaraud, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar Jean-Marc Collard, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar Maria Doria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Darragh Duffy, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France B. Brett Finlay, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Serge Ghislain Djorie, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Tamara Giles-Vernick, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Bolmbaye Privat Gondje, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Jean-Chrysostome Gody, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Milena Hasan, Institut Pasteur, France Francis Allen Hunald, Service de Chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHU-JRA), Antananarivo, Madagascar Nathalie Kapel, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France Jean-Pierre Lombart, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Alexandre Manirakiza, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Synthia Nazita Nigatoloum, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Laura Wegener Parfrey, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Lisette Raharimalala, Centre de Santé Materno-Infantile, Tsaralalana, Antananarivo, Madagascar Maheninasy Rakotondrainipiana, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar Rindra Vatosoa Randremanana, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar Harifetra Mamy Richard Randriamizao, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHU-JRA), Antananarivo, Madagascar Frédérique Randrianirina, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar Annick Robinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant de Tsaralalana, Antananarivo, Madagascar Pierre-Alain Rubbo, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine Philippe Sansonetti, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Laura Schaeffer, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Ionela Gouandjika-Vassilache, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine Pascale Vonaesch, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Sonia Sandrine Vondo, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Inès Vigan-Womas, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagasca
Subjects: Mouth, Multidisciplinary, Bacteria, lipid malabsorption, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Models, Theoretical, Lipid Metabolism, Lipids, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Mice, Cross-Sectional Studies, Malabsorption Syndromes, stunted child growth, Child, Preschool, Intestine, Small, environmental enteric dysfunction, low-grade inflammation, Animals, Humans, Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex, small intestine, Growth Disorders
Abstract: International audience; Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an inflammatory syndrome postulated to contribute to stunted child growth and to be associated with intestinal dysbiosis and nutrient malabsorption. However, the small intestinal contributions to EED remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess changes in the proximal and distal intestinal microbiota in the context of stunting and EED and to test for a causal role of these bacterial isolates in the underlying pathophysiology. We performed a cross-sectional study in two African countries recruiting roughly 1,000 children aged 2 to 5 years and assessed the microbiota in the stomach, duodenum, and feces. Upper gastrointestinal samples were obtained from stunted children and stratified according to stunting severity. Fecal samples were collected. We then investigated the role of clinical isolates in EED pathophysiology using tissue culture and animal models. We find that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is extremely common (>80%) in stunted children. SIBO is frequently characterized by an overgrowth of oral bacteria, leading to increased permeability and inflammation and to replacement of classical small intestinal strains. These duodenal bacterial isolates decrease lipid absorption in both cultured enterocytes and mice, providing a mechanism by which they may exacerbate EED and stunting. Further, we find a specific fecal signature associated with the EED markers fecal calprotectin and alpha-antitrypsin. Our study shows a causal implication of ectopic colonization of oral bacterial isolated from the small intestine in nutrient malabsorption and gut leakiness in vitro. These findings have important therapeutic implications for modulating the microbiota through microbiota-targeted interventions.
Published: 2022
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42. Gene set enrichment analysis of pathophysiological pathways highlights oxidative stress in psychosis

Author: Pistis, Giorgio, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Fournier, Margot, Jenni, Raoul, Cleusix, Martine, Papiol, Sergi, Crespo Facorro, Benedicto, Q Do, Kim, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Alamaya Foundation, European Union (UE), Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Valdecilla, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MINECO/FEDER, National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) 'SYNAPSY-The Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases' from the Swiss National Science Foundation, Plan Nacional de Drogas, SENY Fundatio Research, and University of Lausanne
Abstract: Polygenic risk prediction remains an important aim of genetic association studies. Currently, the predictive power of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) is not large enough to allow highly accurate discrimination between cases and controls and thus is not adequate for clinical integration. Since PRSs are rarely used to reveal biological functions or to validate candidate pathways, to fill this gap, we investigated whether their predictive ability could be improved by building genome-wide (GW-PRSs) and pathway-specific PRSs, using distance- or expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs)- based mapping between genetic variants and genes. We focused on five pathways (glutamate, oxidative stress, GABA/interneurons, neuroimmune/neuroinflammation and myelin) which belong to a critical hub of schizophrenia pathophysiology, centred on redox dysregulation/oxidative stress. Analyses were first performed in the Lausanne Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP) study (n = 340, cases/controls: 208/132), a sample of first-episode of psychosis patients and matched controls, and then validated in an independent study, the epidemiological and longitudinal intervention program of First-Episode Psychosis in Cantabria (PAFIP) (n = 352, 224/128). Our results highlighted two main findings. First, GW-PRSs for schizophrenia were significantly associated with early psychosis status. Second, oxidative stress was the only significantly associated pathway that showed an enrichment in both the TIPP (p = 0.03) and PAFIP samples (p = 0.002), and exclusively when gene-variant linking was done using eQTLs. The results suggest that the predictive accuracy of polygenic risk scores could be improved with the inclusion of information from functional annotations, and through a focus on specific pathways, emphasizing the need to build and study functionally informed risk scores.
Published: 2022

43. X-SHYNE: X-shooter spectra of young exoplanet analogs. I. A medium-resolution 0.65-2.5$\mathrm{\mu m}$ one-shot spectrum of VHS\,1256-1257 b

Author: S. Petrus, G. Chauvin, M. Bonnefoy, P. Tremblin, B. Charnay, P. Delorme, G.-D. Marleau, A. Bayo, E. Manjavacas, A.-M. Lagrange, P. Mollière, P. Palma-Bifani, B. Biller, J.-S. Jenkins, J.-M. Goyal, K. Hoch, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Maison de la Simulation (MDLS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: MA 9185/1, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-14-CE33-0018, ANR-20-CE31-0012, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF: 200021_204847, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID: NCN19_171, We would like to thank the staff of ESO VLT for their support at the telescope at Paranal and La Silla, and the preparation of the observation at Garching. This publication made use of the SIMBAD and VizieR database operated at the CDS, Strasbourg, France. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia ( https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consor576u tium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. We acknowledge support in France from the French National Research Agency (ANR) through project grants ANR-14-CE33-0018 and ANR-20-CE31-0012. S.-P. acknowledges the support of ANID, – Millennium Science Initiative Program – NCN19_171. G-DM acknowledges the support of the DFG priority program SPP 1992 'Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets' (MA 9185/1) and from the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant 200021_204847 'PlanetsInTime'. Parts of this work have been carried out within the framework of the NCCR PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation., ANR-14-CE33-0018,GIPSE,Exploration des planetes géantes extrasolaires(2014), and ANR-20-CE31-0012,FRAME,Détection et Caractérisation des Exoplanètes en Formation(2020)
Subjects: Planets and satellites: formation, Planets and satellites: Atmospheres, Infrared: planetary systems, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Techniques: spectroscopic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Physik (inkl. Astronomie), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present simultaneous 0.65-2.5 microns medium resolution (3300 < R < 8100) VLT/X-Shooter spectra of the young low-mass (19+/-5MJup) L-T transition object VHS 1256-1257 b, a known spectroscopic analogue of HR8799d. The companion is a prime target for the JWST Early Release Science (ERS) and one of the highest-amplitude variable brown-dwarf known to date. We compare the spectrum to the custom grids of cloudless ATMO models exploring different atmospheric composition with the Bayesian inference tool ForMoSA. We also re-analyze low-resolution HST/WFC3 1.10-1.67 microns spectra at minimum and maximum variability to contextualize the X-Shooter data interpretation. The models reproduce the slope and most molecular absorption from 1.10 to 2.48 microns self-consistently but fail to provide a radius consistent with evolutionary model predictions. They do not reproduce consistently the optical spectrum and the depth of the K I doublets in the J-band. We derive Teff = 1380+/-54 K, log(g) = 3.97+/-0.48 dex, [M/H] = 0.21+/-0.29, and C/O > 0.63. Our inversion of the HST/WFC3 spectra suggests a relative change of 27+6-5 K of the disk-integrated Teff correlated with the near-infrared brightness. Our data anchor the characterization of that object in the near-infrared and could be used jointly to the ERS mid-infrared data to provide the most detailed characterization of an ultracool dwarf to date., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2022
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44. A mRNA Vaccine Encoding for a RBD 60-mer Nanoparticle Elicits Neutralizing Antibodies and Protective Immunity Against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Transgenic K18-hACE2 Mice

Author: Brandys, Pascal, Montagutelli, Xavier, Merenkova, Irena, Barut, Güliz T, Thiel, Volker, Schork, Nicholas J, Trüeb, Bettina, Conquet, Laurine, Deng, Aihua, Antanasijevic, Aleksandar, Lee, Hyun-Ku, Valière, Martine, Sindhu, Anoop, Singh, Gita, Herold, Jens, Phylex BioSciences, Génétique de la souris - Mouse Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Bern, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], Abeomic, Aldevron GmbH, VT received support for the Swiss National Science Foundation as a part of the NCCR RNA & Disease (grant 182880), a National Centre of Competence (or Excellence) in Research. AA is supported by amfAR Mathilde Krim Fellowships in Biomedical Research no. 110182-69-RKVA., and We are grateful to Etienne Simon-Loriere (Institut Pasteur, Paris, France) for helping in the design of in vivo challenge experiment and to Matthieu Prot (Institut Pasteur) for producing the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant stock and inoculum. We thank Dr. Gert Zimmer and Dr. Obdulio Garcia (Institute of Virology and Immunology and University of Bern, Switzerland) for assistance on SARS-CoV-2 based neutralization assays. We thank Dr. Andrew Ward (The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA) for assistance on electron microscopy. We thank Dr. Anton Maximov (The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA) for providing a pHL-sec plasmid and Pr. E. Yvonne Jones (Welcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK) for agreeing to transfer this plasmid for cloning and transient expression of RBD-NP. We thank Dr. Sujay Singh and Pershing Billings (Abeomics, San Diego, CA, USA) for assistance on RBD-NP transient expression. Constructs for mRNA transcription were generated and cloned by Eton Bioscience in San Diego, CA, USA.
Subjects: Mice, Inbred BALB C, delta variant, 630 Agriculture, SARS-CoV-2, nanoparticle, Immunology, COVID-19, neutralizing antibody, Mice, Transgenic, K18-hACE2, Antibodies, Viral, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Mice, mRNA vaccine, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Animals, Humans, Nanoparticles, Immunology and Allergy, 630 Landwirtschaft, mRNA Vaccines, receptor-binding domain, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, Pandemics
Abstract: PB and JH are the founders and owners of Phylex BioSciences, Inc., the company that holds IP related to RBD-NP; PB is a named inventor on several RBD-NP vaccine patents; AD is employed by BTS Research; GS and H-KL are employed by Abeomics, Inc.; AS was employed by Aldevron LLC.The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.; International audience; Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic there is still a need for vaccines to effectively control the spread of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and associated cases of severe disease. Here we report a messenger RNA vaccine directly encoding for a nanoparticle displaying 60 receptor binding domains (RBDs) of SARS-CoV-2 that acts as a highly effective antigen. A construct encoding the RBD of the Delta variant elicits robust neutralizing antibody response, and also provides protective immunity against the Delta variant in a widely used transgenic mouse model. We ultimately find that the proposed mRNA RBD nanoparticle-based vaccine provides a flexible platform for rapid development and will likely be of great value in combatting current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Published: 2022
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45. Reflection, emission, and polarization properties of surfaces made of hyperfine grains, and implications for the nature of primitive small bodies

Author: Sultana, Robin, Poch, Olivier, Beck, Pierre, Schmitt, B., Quirico, E., Spadaccia, Stefano, Patty, Lucas, Pommerol, Antoine, Maturilli, Alessandro, Helbert, Jörn, Alemanno, Giulia, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, National Centre of Competence in Research PlanetS (NCCR PlanetS), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), European Project: ERC-CoG2017-771691,SOLARYS, and European Project: 654208,Europlanet-2020 RI
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), asteroids, spectroscopy, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), small bodies, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: There are various indications that the most primitive small bodies (P, D-type asteroids, comets) have surfaces made of intimate mixtures of opaque minerals and other components (silicates, carbonaceous compounds, etc.) in the form of sub-micrometre-sized grains, smaller than the wavelength at which they are observed, so-called hyperfine grains. Here, we investigate how the Vis-NIR-MIR spectral and V-band polarimetric properties of surfaces made of hyperfine grains are influenced by the relative abundance of such hyperfine materials, having strongly different optical indexes. Mixtures of grains of olivine and iron sulfide (or anthracite), as analogues of silicates and opaque minerals present on small bodies, were prepared at different proportions. The measurements reveal that these mixtures of hyperfine grains have spectral and polarimetric Vis-NIR properties varying in strongly nonlinear ways. When present at even a few percent, opaque components dominate the Vis-NIR spectral and polarimetric properties, and mask the silicate bands at these wavelengths. The Vis-NIR spectral slope ranges from red (positive slope), for pure opaque material, to blue (negative slope) as the proportion of silicates increases, which is reminiscent of the range of spectral slopes observed on P, D, X, C- and B-types asteroids. The spectra of the darkest mixtures in the Vis-NIR exhibit the absorption bands of Si-O in olivine around 10 m in the MIR, which is observed in emission for several small bodies. This work shows that both the contrasted optical indexes of the components, and the dispersion or aggregation (depending on their relative proportions) of their hyperfine grains, induce different light scattering regimes in the Vis-NIR and MIR, as observed for primitive small bodies. The optical separation of hyperfine grains seems to be a major parameter controlling the optical properties of these objects., accepted in Icarus
Published: 2023
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46. Epithelial cells adapt to curvature induction via transient active osmotic swelling

Author: Caterina Tomba, Valeriy Luchnikov, Luca Barberi, Carles Blanch-Mercader, Aurélien Roux, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center of Competence in Research Chemical Biology, University of Geneva (NCCR), and Tomba, Caterina
Subjects: [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, Osmosis, [SDV.BBM.BP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, Epithelial Cells, Cell Biology, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Actins, Epithelium, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cell Size, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Generation of tissue curvature is essential to morphogenesis. However, how cells adapt to changing curvatureis still unknown because tools to dynamically control curvature in vitro are lacking. Here, we developedself-rolling substrates to study how flat epithelial cell monolayers adapt to a rapid anisotropic change ofcurvature. We show that the primary response is an active and transient osmotic swelling of cells. This cellvolume increase is not observed on inducible wrinkled substrates, where concave and convex regions alternateeach other over short distances; and this finding identifies swelling as a collective response to changesof curvature with a persistent sign over large distances. It is triggered by a drop in membrane tension andactin depolymerization, which is perceived by cells as a hypertonic shock. Osmotic swelling restores tensionwhile actin reorganizes, probably to comply with curvature. Thus, epithelia are unique materials that transientlyand actively swell while adapting to large curvature induction.
Published: 2022
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47. The Next Frontier of Environmental Unknowns: Substances of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products, or Biological Materials (UVCBs)

Author: Lai, Adelene, Clark, Alex, Escher, Beate, Fernandez, Marc, McEwen, Leah, Tian, Zhenyu, Wang, Zhanyun, Schymanski, Emma, Fonds National de la Recherche - FnR [sponsor], National Institutes of Health [sponsor], European Union [sponsor], and NCCR Catalysis [sponsor]
Subjects: Chemistry [G01] [Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences], Earth sciences & physical geography [G02] [Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences], Toxicity, Chemical structure, Fossil fuels, Science Policy, Mixtures, Cheminformatics, Chimie [G01] [Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre], Sciences de la terre & géographie physique [G02] [Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre], Testing and Assessment, Environmental Pollution, Exposure
Abstract: Substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCBs) are over 70 000 “complex” chemical mixtures produced and used at significant levels worldwide. Due to their unknown or variable composition, applying chemical assessments originally developed for individual compounds to UVCBs is challenging, which impedes sound management of these substances. Across the analytical sciences, toxicology, cheminformatics, and regulatory practice, new approaches addressing specific aspects of UVCB assessment are being developed, albeit in a fragmented manner. This review attempts to convey the “big picture” of the state of the art in dealing with UVCBs by holistically examining UVCB characterization and chemical identity representation, as well as hazard, exposure, and risk assessment. Overall, information gaps on chemical identities underpin the fundamental challenges concerning UVCBs, and better reporting and substance characterization efforts are needed to support subsequent chemical assessments. To this end, an information level scheme for improved UVCB data collection and management within databases is proposed. The development of UVCB testing shows early progress, in line with three main methods: whole substance, known constituents, and fraction profiling. For toxicity assessment, one option is a whole-mixture testing approach. If the identities of (many) constituents are known, grouping, read across, and mixture toxicity modeling represent complementary approaches to overcome data gaps in toxicity assessment. This review highlights continued needs for concerted efforts from all stakeholders to ensure proper assessment and sound management of UVCBs.
Published: 2022

48. Rhythmic modulation of prediction errors: a possible role for the beta-range in speech processing

Author: Sevada Hovsepyan, Itsaso Olasagasti, Anne-Lise Giraud, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institut de l'Audition [Paris] (IDA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and This work was funded by a grant from the NCCR Evolving Language, Swiss National Science Foundation Agreement #51NF40_180888
Subjects: [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences
Abstract: Natural speech perception requires processing the current acoustic input while keeping in mind the preceding one and predicting the next. This complex computational problem could be handled by a multi timescale hierarchical inferential process that coordinates information flow up and down the language hierarchy. While theta and low-gamma neural frequency scales are convincingly involved in bottom-up syllable-tracking and phoneme-level speech encoding, the beta rhythm is more loosely associated with top-down processes without being assigned yet a specific computational function. Here we tested the hypothesis that the beta rhythm drives the precision of states during the speech recognition hierarchical inference process. We used a predictive coding model that recognizes syllables on-line in natural sentences, in which the precision of prediction errors is rhythmically modulated, resulting in alternating bottom-up vs. top-down processing regimes. We show that recognition performance increases with the rate of precision updates, with an optimal efficacy in the beta range (around 20 Hz). The model further performs when prediction errors pertaining respectively to syllable timing and syllable identity oscillate in antiphase. These results suggest that online syllable recognition globally benefits from the alternation of bottom-up and top-down dominant regime at beta rate, and that the gain is stronger when different features are also analyzed in alternation. These results speak to a discontinuous account of inferential operations in speech processing.
Published: 2022
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49. Imagined speech can be decoded from low- and cross-frequency intracranial EEG features

Author: Timothée Proix, Jaime Delgado Saa, Andy Christen, Stephanie Martin, Brian N. Pasley, Robert T. Knight, Xing Tian, David Poeppel, Werner K. Doyle, Orrin Devinsky, Luc H. Arnal, Pierre Mégevand, Anne-Lise Giraud, Department of Basic Neurosciences, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), New York University [Shanghai], NYU System (NYU), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, New York University [New York] (NYU), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Institut de l'Audition [Paris] (IDA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and This work was funded by EU FET-BrainCom project (A.G.), NCCR Evolving Language, Swiss National Science Foundation Agreement #51NF40_180888 (A.G.), NINDS R3723115 (R.T.K.), Swiss National Science Foundation project grant 163040 (A.G.), National Natural Science Foundation of China 32071099 (X.T.), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai 20ZR1472100 (X.T.), Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities, Base B16018 (X.T.), NYU Shanghai Boost Fund (X.T.), Fondation Pour l’Audition FPA RD-2020-10 (L.A.), Swiss National Science Foundation career grant 167836 (P.M.), and Swiss National Science Foundation career grant 193542 (T.P.).
Subjects: Adult, Male, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Young Adult, Phonetics, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, Speech, Electrodes, Language, Brain Mapping, Multidisciplinary, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Brain, General Chemistry, Middle Aged, ddc:616.8, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Brain-Computer Interfaces, Imagination, Female, Electrocorticography, Neuroscience
Abstract: Reconstructing intended speech from neural activity using brain-computer interfaces holds great promises for people with severe speech production deficits. While decoding overt speech has progressed, decoding imagined speech has met limited success, mainly because the associated neural signals are weak and variable compared to overt speech, hence difficult to decode by learning algorithms. We obtained three electrocorticography datasets from 13 patients, with electrodes implanted for epilepsy evaluation, who performed overt and imagined speech production tasks. Based on recent theories of speech neural processing, we extracted consistent and specific neural features usable for future brain computer interfaces, and assessed their performance to discriminate speech items in articulatory, phonetic, and vocalic representation spaces. While high-frequency activity provided the best signal for overt speech, both low- and higher-frequency power and local cross-frequency contributed to imagined speech decoding, in particular in phonetic and vocalic, i.e. perceptual, spaces. These findings show that low-frequency power and cross-frequency dynamics contain key information for imagined speech decoding., Reconstructing imagined speech from neural activity holds great promises for people with severe speech production deficits. Here, the authors demonstrate using human intracranial recordings that both low- and higher-frequency power and local cross-frequency contribute to imagined speech decoding.
Published: 2022
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50. Stunted children display ectopic small intestinal colonization by oral bacteria, which cause lipid malabsorption in experimental models

Author: Vonaesch, Pascale, Araújo, João, Gody, Jean-Chrysostome, Mbecko, Jean-Robert, Sanke, Hugues, Andrianonimiadana, Lova, Naharimanananirina, Tanteliniaina, Ningatoloum, Synthia Nazita, Vondo, Sonia Sandrine, Gondje, Privat Bolmbaye, Rodriguez-Pozo, Andre, Rakotondrainipiana, Maheninasy, Kandou, Kaleb Jephté Estimé, Nestoret, Alison, Kapel, Nathalie, Djorie, Serge Ghislain, Finlay, B. Brett, Wegener Parfrey, Laura, Collard, Jean-Marc, Randremanana, Rindra Vatosoa, Sansonetti, Philippe, Collard, Jean-Marc, Pathogénie microbienne moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Basel (Unibas), Centre pédiatrique de Bangui, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHUJRA), Immunologie Translationnelle - Translational Immunology lab, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of British Columbia (UBC), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), This project was funded by the Total Foundation, the Institut Pasteur, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant OPP1204689, the Fondation Petram, Nutricia Foundation Grant NRF 2016-10, and a donation from the Odyssey Re-Insurance Company. P.V. was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation Early Postdoctoral Fellowship P2EZP3_152159, Advanced Postdoctoral Fellowship P300PA_177876, and Return Grant P3P3PA_17877, a Roux-Cantarini fellowship (2016), a L’Oréal–UNESCO for Women in Science France fellowship (2017), and an Excellence Scholarship from the University of Basel (Forschungsfonds, 2019). Her group is funded through the NCCR Microbiomes, a National Centre of Competence in Research, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 180575). Work in the group of L.W.P. is funded by Human Frontier Science Program Grant RGY0078/2015. P.J.S. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Senior Foreign Scholar and CIFAR scholar in the human microbiome consortium., We thank all children and their families who participated in the Afribiota project. Further, we thank the Afribiota Consortium, the participating hospitals in Bangui and Antananarivo, the Institut Pasteur, the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, the Institut Pasteur de Bangui, and members of the scientific advisory boards for their continuous support, and we thank the Centre de Recherche Translationelle and the Direction Internationale of the Institut Pasteur (especially Paméla Palvadeau, Jane Lynda Deuve, Cécile Artaud, Nathalie Jolly, Sophie Jarrijon, Mamy Ratsialonina, and Jean-François Damaras) for help in setting up and steering the Afribiota project. We also thank J.-M.C., Pierre-Alain Rubbo, Dieu-Merci Welekoi-Yapondo, L.A., Laurence Arowas, and Marie-Noelle Ungeheuer for managing the biobank, the members of the animal facility at the Institut Pasteur for taking care of the mice, the Centre d’Immunolgoie Humaine of the Institut Pasteur, especially Milena Hasan, Tarshana Stephen, and Esma Karkeni, for help with setting up the LUMINEX assays at their platform, Asmaa Tazi for identification of the bacteria by MALDI-TOF spectroscopy, Estelle Martineau at the Platform Spectrometries Capacités at the University of Nantes for quantification of the fermentation products, Kelsey Huus for critical reading of the manuscript, and Munir Winkel for streamlining of the R code., and Liste of Afribiota Inverstigators : Laurence Barbot-Trystram, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France Robert Barouki, Hôpital Necker- Enfants maladies, Paris, France Alexandra Bastaraud, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar Jean-Marc Collard, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar Maria Doria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Darragh Duffy, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France B. Brett Finlay, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Serge Ghislain Djorie, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Tamara Giles-Vernick, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Bolmbaye Privat Gondje, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Jean-Chrysostome Gody, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Milena Hasan, Institut Pasteur, France Francis Allen Hunald, Service de Chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHU-JRA), Antananarivo, Madagascar Nathalie Kapel, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France Jean-Pierre Lombart, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Alexandre Manirakiza, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Synthia Nazita Nigatoloum, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Laura Wegener Parfrey, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Lisette Raharimalala, Centre de Santé Materno-Infantile, Tsaralalana, Antananarivo, Madagascar Maheninasy Rakotondrainipiana, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar Rindra Vatosoa Randremanana, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar Harifetra Mamy Richard Randriamizao, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHU-JRA), Antananarivo, Madagascar Frédérique Randrianirina, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar Annick Robinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant de Tsaralalana, Antananarivo, Madagascar Pierre-Alain Rubbo, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine Philippe Sansonetti, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Laura Schaeffer, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Ionela Gouandjika-Vassilache, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine Pascale Vonaesch, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Sonia Sandrine Vondo, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic Inès Vigan-Womas, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagasca
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], stunted child growth, lipid malabsorption, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], environmental enteric dysfunction, low-grade inflammation, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, small intestine, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology
Abstract: International audience; Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an inflammatory syndrome postulated to contribute to stunted child growth and to be associated with intestinal dysbiosis and nutrient malabsorption. However, the small intestinal contributions to EED remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess changes in the proximal and distal intestinal microbiota in the context of stunting and EED and to test for a causal role of these bacterial isolates in the underlying pathophysiology. We performed a cross-sectional study in two African countries recruiting roughly 1,000 children aged 2 to 5 years and assessed the microbiota in the stomach, duodenum, and feces. Upper gastrointestinal samples were obtained from stunted children and stratified according to stunting severity. Fecal samples were collected. We then investigated the role of clinical isolates in EED pathophysiology using tissue culture and animal models. We find that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is extremely common (>80%) in stunted children. SIBO is frequently characterized by an overgrowth of oral bacteria, leading to increased permeability and inflammation and to replacement of classical small intestinal strains. These duodenal bacterial isolates decrease lipid absorption in both cultured enterocytes and mice, providing a mechanism by which they may exacerbate EED and stunting. Further, we find a specific fecal signature associated with the EED markers fecal calprotectin and alpha-antitrypsin. Our study shows a causal implication of ectopic colonization of oral bacterial isolated from the small intestine in nutrient malabsorption and gut leakiness in vitro. These findings have important therapeutic implications for modulating the microbiota through microbiota-targeted interventions.
Published: 2022
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