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1. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies of mammographic density phenotypes reveal novel loci

Author

Hongjie Chen, Shaoqi Fan, Jennifer Stone, Deborah J. Thompson, Julie Douglas, Shuai Li, Christopher Scott, Manjeet K. Bolla, Qin Wang, Joe Dennis, Kyriaki Michailidou, Christopher Li, Ulrike Peters, John L. Hopper, Melissa C. Southey, Tu Nguyen-Dumont, Tuong L. Nguyen, Peter A. Fasching, Annika Behrens, Gemma Cadby, Rachel A. Murphy, Kristan Aronson, Anthony Howell, Susan Astley, Fergus Couch, Janet Olson, Roger L. Milne, Graham G. Giles, Christopher A. Haiman, Gertraud Maskarinec, Stacey Winham, Esther M. John, Allison Kurian, Heather Eliassen, Irene Andrulis, D. Gareth Evans, William G. Newman, Per Hall, Kamila Czene, Anthony Swerdlow, Michael Jones, Marina Pollan, Pablo Fernandez-Navarro, Daniel S. McConnell, Vessela N. Kristensen, NBCS Investigators, Joseph H. Rothstein, Pei Wang, Laurel A. Habel, Weiva Sieh, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Douglas F. Easton, Gretchen L. Gierach, Rulla M. Tamimi, Celine M. Vachon, and Sara Lindström

Subjects
Mammographic density, Breast cancer, Genome-wide association study (GWAS), Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Background Mammographic density (MD) phenotypes, including percent density (PMD), area of dense tissue (DA), and area of non-dense tissue (NDA), are associated with breast cancer risk. Twin studies suggest that MD phenotypes are highly heritable. However, only a small proportion of their variance is explained by identified genetic variants. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study, as well as a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), of age- and BMI-adjusted DA, NDA, and PMD in up to 27,900 European-ancestry women from the MODE/BCAC consortia. Results We identified 28 genome-wide significant loci for MD phenotypes, including nine novel signals (5q11.2, 5q14.1, 5q31.1, 5q33.3, 5q35.1, 7p11.2, 8q24.13, 12p11.2, 16q12.2). Further, 45% of all known breast cancer SNPs were associated with at least one MD phenotype at p

Published
2022
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2. Genetic modifiers of CHEK2*1100delC-associated breast cancer risk.

Author

Muranen, Taru A, Greco, Dario, Blomqvist, Carl, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Khan, Sofia, Hogervorst, Frans, Verhoef, Senno, Pharoah, Paul DP, Dunning, Alison M, Shah, Mitul, Luben, Robert, Bojesen, Stig E, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Schoemaker, Minouk, Swerdlow, Anthony, García-Closas, Montserrat, Figueroa, Jonine, Dörk, Thilo, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Hall, Per, Li, Jingmei, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Bermisheva, Marina, Kristensen, Vessela, Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise, NBCS Investigators, Peto, Julian, Dos Santos Silva, Isabel, Couch, Fergus J, Olson, Janet E, Hillemans, Peter, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Brauch, Hiltrud, Hamann, Ute, Burwinkel, Barbara, Marme, Frederik, Meindl, Alfons, Schmutzler, Rita K, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Sawyer, Elinor J, Tomlinson, Ian, Lambrechts, Diether, Moisse, Matthieu, Lindblom, Annika, Margolin, Sara, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Martens, John WM, Fasching, Peter A, Beckmann, Matthias W, Andrulis, Irene L, Knight, Julia A, kConFab/AOCS Investigators, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Ziogas, Argyrios, Giles, Graham G, Milne, Roger L, Brenner, Hermann, Arndt, Volker, Mannermaa, Arto, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Rudolph, Anja, Devilee, Peter, Seynaeve, Caroline, Hopper, John L, Southey, Melissa C, John, Esther M, Whittemore, Alice S, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Dennis, Joe, Easton, Douglas F, Schmidt, Marjanka K, and Nevanlinna, Heli

Subjects
NBCS Investigators, kConFab/AOCS Investigators, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Odds Ratio, Sequence Deletion, Penetrance, Female, Genes, Modifier, Checkpoint Kinase 2, breast cancer, Breast Cancer Association Consortium, CHEK2*1100delC, common variants, polygenic risk score, Genes, Modifier, Prevention, Cancer, Breast Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Genetics & Heredity, Genetics, Clinical Sciences
Abstract

PurposeCHEK2*1100delC is a founder variant in European populations that confers a two- to threefold increased risk of breast cancer (BC). Epidemiologic and family studies have suggested that the risk associated with CHEK2*1100delC is modified by other genetic factors in a multiplicative fashion. We have investigated this empirically using data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC).MethodsUsing genotype data from 39,139 (624 1100delC carriers) BC patients and 40,063 (224) healthy controls from 32 BCAC studies, we analyzed the combined risk effects of CHEK2*1100delC and 77 common variants in terms of a polygenic risk score (PRS) and pairwise interaction.ResultsThe PRS conferred odds ratios (OR) of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.21-2.09) per standard deviation for BC for CHEK2*1100delC carriers and 1.58 (1.55-1.62) for noncarriers. No evidence of deviation from the multiplicative model was found. The OR for the highest quintile of the PRS was 2.03 (0.86-4.78) for CHEK2*1100delC carriers, placing them in the high risk category according to UK NICE guidelines. The OR for the lowest quintile was 0.52 (0.16-1.74), indicating a lifetime risk close to the population average.ConclusionOur results confirm the multiplicative nature of risk effects conferred by CHEK2*1100delC and the common susceptibility variants. Furthermore, the PRS could identify carriers at a high lifetime risk for clinical actions.Genet Med advance online publication 06 October 2016.

Published
2017

3. No evidence that protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with breast cancer risk: implications for gene panel testing.

Author

Easton, Douglas F, Lesueur, Fabienne, Decker, Brennan, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Li, Jun, Allen, Jamie, Luccarini, Craig, Pooley, Karen A, Shah, Mitul, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Ahmad, Jamil, Thompson, Ella R, Damiola, Francesca, Pertesi, Maroulio, Voegele, Catherine, Mebirouk, Noura, Robinot, Nivonirina, Durand, Geoffroy, Forey, Nathalie, Luben, Robert N, Ahmed, Shahana, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Baynes, Caroline, Beckman, Matthias W, Benitez, Javier, Van Den Berg, David, Blot, William J, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Brenner, Hermann, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chia, Kee Seng, Choi, Ji-Yeob, Conroy, Don M, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Darabi, Hatef, Devilee, Peter, Eriksson, Mikael, Fasching, Peter A, Figueroa, Jonine, Flyger, Henrik, Fostira, Florentia, García-Closas, Montserrat, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, González-Neira, Anna, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Per, Hart, Steven N, Hartman, Mikael, Hooning, Maartje J, Hsiung, Chia-Ni, Ito, Hidemi, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul A, John, Esther M, Johnson, Nichola, Jones, Michael, Kabisch, Maria, Kang, Daehee, kConFab Investigators, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Kristensen, Vessela, Lambrechts, Diether, Li, Na, Lifepool Investigators, Lindblom, Annika, Long, Jirong, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lubinski, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Matsuo, Keitaro, Meindl, Alfons, Mitchell, Gillian, Muir, Kenneth, NBCS Investigators, Nevelsteen, Ines, van den Ouweland, Ans, Peterlongo, Paolo, Phuah, Sze Yee, Pylkäs, Katri, Rowley, Simone M, Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Schmutzler, Rita K, Shen, Chen-Yang, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Southey, Melissa C, Surowy, Harald, Swerdlow, Anthony, and Teo, Soo H

Subjects
Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, kConFab Investigators, Lifepool Investigators, NBCS Investigators, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, RNA Helicases, DNA-Binding Proteins, Risk, Cohort Studies, Mutation, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins, Genetic Association Studies, Cancer: breast, Genetics & Heredity, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

BACKGROUND:BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) is one of the Fanconi Anaemia Complementation (FANC) group family of DNA repair proteins. Biallelic mutations in BRIP1 are responsible for FANC group J, and previous studies have also suggested that rare protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. These studies have led to inclusion of BRIP1 on targeted sequencing panels for breast cancer risk prediction. METHODS:We evaluated a truncating variant, p.Arg798Ter (rs137852986), and 10 missense variants of BRIP1, in 48 144 cases and 43 607 controls of European origin, drawn from 41 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Additionally, we sequenced the coding regions of BRIP1 in 13 213 cases and 5242 controls from the UK, 1313 cases and 1123 controls from three population-based studies as part of the Breast Cancer Family Registry, and 1853 familial cases and 2001 controls from Australia. RESULTS:The rare truncating allele of rs137852986 was observed in 23 cases and 18 controls in Europeans in BCAC (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.03, p=0.79). Truncating variants were found in the sequencing studies in 34 cases (0.21%) and 19 controls (0.23%) (combined OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.70, p=0.75). CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that truncating variants in BRIP1, and in particular p.Arg798Ter, are not associated with a substantial increase in breast cancer risk. Such observations have important implications for the reporting of results from breast cancer screening panels.

Published
2016

4. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies of mammographic density phenotypes reveal novel loci

Author

Chen, Hongjie, Fan, Shaoqi, Stone, Jennifer, Thompson, Deborah J, Douglas, Julie, Li, Shuai, Scott, Christopher, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joseph, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Li, Christopher, Peters, Ulrike, Hopper, John L, Southey, Melissa C, Nguyen-Dumont, Tu, Nguyen, Tuong L, Fasching, Peter A, Behrens, Annika, Cadby, Gemma, Murphy, Rachel A, Aronson, Kristan, Howell, Anthony, Astley, Susan, Couch, Fergus, Olson, Janet, Milne, Roger L, Giles, Graham G, Haiman, Christopher A, Maskarinec, Gertraud, Winham, Stacey, John, Esther M, Kurian, Allison, Eliassen, Heather, Andrulis, Irene, Evans, D Gareth, Newman, William G, Hall, Per, Czene, Kamila, Swerdlow, Anthony, Jones, Michael, Pollan, Marina, Fernandez-Navarro, Pablo, McConnell, Daniel S, Kristensen, Vessela N, NBCS Investigators, Rothstein, Joseph H, Wang, Pei, Habel, Laurel A, Sieh, Weiva, Dunning, Alison M, Pharoah, Paul, Easton, Douglas F, Gierach, Gretchen L, Tamimi, Rulla M, Vachon, Celine M, Lindström, Sara, Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation, Government of Quebec (Canadá), National Institutes of Health (Estados Unidos), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. 7 Programa Marco, Cancer Research UK (Reino Unido), Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation (Astrualia), Australian Breast Cancer Family Study, NIH - National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Estados Unidos), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), New South Wales Cancer Council (Reino Unido), Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, Victorian Cancer Agency, National Breast Cancer Foundation (Australia), Cancer Australia, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen (Alemania), Cancer Council Western Australia (Australia), Consorcio Gallego de Cáncer de Mama (BREOGAN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), Galicia Sur Biomedical Foundation, Xunta de Galicia (España), Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Canadian Cancer Society, NIHR - Manchester Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Council Queensland (Australia), Cancer Council New South Wales (Australia), Cancer Council Victoria (Australia), Cancer Council Tasmania (Australia), Cancer Council South (Australia), United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, NIH - NCI-Specialized Programs of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (Estados Unidos), The Research Council of Norway (Noruega), Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (Noruega), Norwegian Cancer Society, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (Singapur), Institute of Cancer Research (Reino Unido), NIHR - Biomedical Research Centre (Reino Unido), Dennis, Joseph [0000-0003-4591-1214], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], Lindström, Sara [0000-0002-7137-7281], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Genome-wide association study (GWAS), Manchester Cancer Research Centre, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc, Breast Neoplasms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Breast cancer, Phenotype, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Transcriptome, Mammographic density, Research Article, Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), Breast Density, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Background: Mammographic density (MD) phenotypes, including percent density (PMD), area of dense tissue (DA), and area of non-dense tissue (NDA), are associated with breast cancer risk. Twin studies suggest that MD phenotypes are highly heritable. However, only a small proportion of their variance is explained by identified genetic variants. Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study, as well as a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), of age- and BMI-adjusted DA, NDA, and PMD in up to 27,900 European-ancestry women from the MODE/BCAC consortia. Results: We identified 28 genome-wide significant loci for MD phenotypes, including nine novel signals (5q11.2, 5q14.1, 5q31.1, 5q33.3, 5q35.1, 7p11.2, 8q24.13, 12p11.2, 16q12.2). Further, 45% of all known breast cancer SNPs were associated with at least one MD phenotype at p

Published
2022
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5. Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of Breast, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer Association Studies Identify Multiple New Susceptibility Loci Shared by at Least Two Cancer Types

Author

Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska, Usha Menon, Melissa C. Southey, Diana Eccles, Robert Winqvist, Keitaro Matsuo, Matthias W. Beckmann, Robert A. Stephenson, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Elizabeth M. Poole, Paul Brennan, Wojciech Kluzniak, Liesel M. FitzGerald, Alice S. Whittemore, Kunle Odunsi, Mary Anne Rossing, Craig C. Teerlink, Javier Benitez, Arif B. Ekici, Thilo Dörk, Per Hall, C. Slavov, Matthieu Moisse, Jennifer B. Permuth, Hermann Brenner, Apcb BioResource, Julia A. Knight, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Douglas A. Levine, Alicja Wolk, Sofia Maia, Kamila Czene, Vessela N. Kristensen, Radka Kaneva, Hoda Anton-Culver, Jonathan Tyrer, Manjeet K. Bolla, Maureen Sanderson, Fengju Song, Veli-Matti Kosma, Dieter Flesch-Janys, Douglas F. Easton, John L. Hopper, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Jolanta Kupryjanczyk, Amanda B. Spurdle, Nicolas Wentzensen, kConFab Investigators, Peter A. Fasching, Leon F.A.G. Massuger, Jonathan Beesley, Qin Wang, Pascal Guénel, Penelope M. Webb, Paolo Peterlongo, Daniel C. Tessier, Peter Kraft, Jennifer A. Doherty, Daehee Kang, Christine B. Ambrosone, Weiva Sieh, Anja Rudolph, Ignace Vergote, Hiltrud Brauch, Celeste Leigh Pearce, Robert N. Hoover, Paula Paulo, Nbcs Investigators, Rosalind A. Eeles, Honglin Song, Fergus J. Couch, Brian E. Henderson, Lisa A. Cannon-Albright, William J. Blot, Soo-Chin Lee, Abctb Investigators, Ute Hamann, Angela Cox, Peter Devilee, Andrzej M. Kierzek, Qiuyin Cai, Elinor J. Sawyer, Jacek Gronwald, Janet L. Stanford, Soo-Hwang Teo, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Susanne K. Kjaer, Christa Stegmaier, Thomas Brüning, Graham G. Giles, Catriona McLean, Thomas A. Sellers, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Ellen L. Goode, Maartje J. Hooning, Kathleen Herkommer, Jenny L Donovan, Fiona Bruinsma, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Marc T. Goodman, Volker Arndt, Estrid Høgdall, Yu-Tang Gao, Ruth C. Travis, Claus Høgdall, Celine M. Vachon, Jan Lubinski, Qiyuan Li, Vanio Mitev, Argyrios Ziogas, Julie M. Cunningham, Ming-Feng Hou, Marjorie J. Riggan, David J. Hunter, T. Wahlfors, Michael Jones, Diether Lambrechts, Hui-Yi Lim, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Kenneth Offitt, Stig E. Bojesen, Kexin Chen, Harvey A. Risch, Fredrik Wiklund, Hans-Ulrich Ulmer, Natalia Bogdanova, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Kristiina Aittomäki, Helga B. Salvesen, Markus Aly, Hatef Darabi, Christopher A. Haiman, Shelley S. Tworoger, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Judith A. Clements, Andrew Berchuck, Francesmary Modugno, Drakoulis Yannoukakos, Catherine M. Phelan, Julian Peto, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Simon A. Gayther, Barbara Burwinkel, Nazneen Rahman, Todd L. Edwards, Wei Zheng, Ralf Bützow, Siddhartha Kar, Manuel R. Teixeira, Anna H. Wu, Stephen J. Chanock, Kirsten B. Moysich, Per Broberg, Ana Peixoto, Sara Lindström, Daniel J. Schaid, Sonja I. Berndt, Dominika Wokozorczyk, Jonine D. Figueroa, Aida Karina Dieffenbach, Anna González-Neira, Reidun K. Kopperud, Jacques Simard, Alvaro N.A. Monteiro, David E. Neal, Tanja Pejovic, Florian Heitz, Beth Y. Karlan, Elza Khusnutdinova, Anthony J. Swerdlow, Joe Dennis, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Heli Nevanlinna, Christiane Maier, Walther Vogel, Henrik Grönberg, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Kay-Tee Khaw, Jenny Chang-Claude, Carl Blomqvist, Susan M. Gapstur, Adam S. Kibel, Daniel W. Cramer, Manuel Luedeke, Robert J. MacInnis, Agnieszka Michael, Daniel O. Stram, Michelle A.T. Hildebrandt, Xiao-Ou Shu, Roberta B. Ness, Ian G. Campbell, Nora Pashayan, Timothy J. Key, Julio M. Pow-Sang, Hardev Pandha, Karen Lu, Elisa V. Bandera, Freddie C. Hamdy, Håkan Olsson, Sara H. Olson, Ali Amin Al Olama, Iain A. McNeish, Alison M. Dunning, Matthew L. Freedman, Kenneth Muir, Nhu D. Le, Linda S. Cook, Annika Lindblom, Sara Benlloch, Roger L. Milne, Kate Lawrenson, Digna R. Velez Edwards, Michael Lush, Hans Wildiers, Deborah J. Thompson, Susan J. Ramus, Kyriaki Michailidou, Rita K. Schmutzler, Nick Orr, Jyotsna Batra, Malcolm C. Pike, Cezary Cybulski, Shannon K. McDonnell, Jong Y. Park, Johanna Schleutker, Medical Oncology, Clinical Genetics, Amin Al Olama, Ali [0000-0002-7178-3431], Tyrer, Jonathan [0000-0003-3724-4757], Thompson, Deborah [0000-0003-1465-5799], Song, Honglin [0000-0001-5076-7371], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Khaw, Kay-Tee [0000-0002-8802-2903], Dunning, Alison [0000-0001-6651-7166], Easton, Douglas [0000-0003-2444-3247], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Datasets as Topic, Genome-wide association study, Prostate cancer, Gene Regulatory Networks, Ovarian Neoplasms, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 17], Chromosome Mapping, prostate cancer, 3. Good health, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, ovarian cancer, Oncology, Organ Specificity, Centre for Surgical Research, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 15], Female, Signal Transduction, Quantitative Trait Loci, Population, Breast Neoplasms, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, breast cancer, Meta-Analysis as Topic, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, pleiotropy, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, education, Genetic association, Prostatic Neoplasms, Cancer, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Loci, Case-Control Studies, Expression quantitative trait loci, genome-wide association studies, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers are hormone-related and may have a shared genetic basis, but this has not been investigated systematically by genome-wide association (GWA) studies. Meta-analyses combining the largest GWA meta-analysis data sets for these cancers totaling 112,349 cases and 116,421 controls of European ancestry, all together and in pairs, identified at P < 10−8 seven new cross-cancer loci: three associated with susceptibility to all three cancers (rs17041869/2q13/BCL2L11; rs7937840/11q12/INCENP; rs1469713/19p13/GATAD2A), two breast and ovarian cancer risk loci (rs200182588/9q31/SMC2; rs8037137/15q26/RCCD1), and two breast and prostate cancer risk loci (rs5013329/1p34/NSUN4; rs9375701/6q23/L3MBTL3). Index variants in five additional regions previously associated with only one cancer also showed clear association with a second cancer type. Cell-type–specific expression quantitative trait locus and enhancer–gene interaction annotations suggested target genes with potential cross-cancer roles at the new loci. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of death receptor signaling genes near loci with P < 10−5 in the three-cancer meta-analysis. Significance: We demonstrate that combining large-scale GWA meta-analysis findings across cancer types can identify completely new risk loci common to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. We show that the identification of such cross-cancer risk loci has the potential to shed new light on the shared biology underlying these hormone-related cancers. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 1052–67. ©2016 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 932

Published
2016

6. No evidence that protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with breast cancer risk: implications for gene panel testing

Author

Easton, D.F., Lesueur, F., Decker, B., Michailidou, K., Li, J., Allen, J., Luccarini, C., Pooley, K.A., Shah, M., Bolla, M.K., Wang, Q., Dennis, J., Ahmad, J., Thompson, E.R., Damiola, F., Pertesi, M., Voegele, C., Mebirouk, N., Robinot, N., Durand, G., Forey, N., Luben, R.N., Ahmed, S., Aittomaki, K., Anton-Culver, H., Arndt, V., Baynes, C., Beckman, M.W., Benitez, J., Berg, D. van den, Blot, W.J., Bogdanova, N.V., Bojesen, S.E., Brenner, H., Chang-Claude, J., Chia, K.S., Choi, J.Y., Conroy, D.M., Cox, A., Cross, S.S., Czene, K., Darabi, H., Devilee, P., Eriksson, M., Fasching, P.A., Figueroa, J., Flyger, H., Fostira, F., Garcia-Closas, M., Giles, G.G., Glendon, G., Gonzalez-Neira, A., Guenel, P., Haiman, C.A., Hall, P., Hart, S.N., Hartman, M., Hooning, M.J., Hsiung, C.N., Ito, H., Jakubowska, A., James, P.A., John, E.M., Johnson, N., Jones, M., Kabisch, M., Kang, D., Kosma, V.M., Kristensen, V., Lambrechts, D., Li, N., Lindblom, A., Long, J., Lophatananon, A., Lubinski, J., Mannermaa, A., Manoukian, S., Margolin, S., Matsuo, K., Meindl, A., Mitchell, G., Muir, K., Nevelsteen, I., Ouweland, A. van den, Peterlongo, P., Phuah, S.Y., Pylkas, K., Rowley, S.M., Sangrajrang, S., Schmutzler, R.K., Shen, C.Y., Shu, X.O., Southey, M.C., Surowy, H., Swerdlow, A., Teo, S.H., Tollenaar, R.A.E.M., Tomlinson, I., Torres, D., Truong, T., Vachon, C., Verhoef, S., Wong-Brown, M., Zheng, W., Zheng, Y., Nevanlinna, H., Scott, R.J., Andrulis, I.L., Wu, A.H., Hopper, J.L., Couch, F.J., Winqvist, R., Burwinkel, B., Sawyer, E.J., Schmidt, M.K., Rudolph, A., Dork, T., Brauch, H., Hamann, U., Neuhausen, S.L., Milne, R.L., Fletcher, O., Pharoah, P.D.P., Campbell, I.G., Dunning, A.M., Calvez-Kelm, F. le, Goldgar, D.E., Tavtigian, S.V., Chenevix-Trench, G., Australian Ovarian Canc Study Grp, kConFab Investigators, Lifepool Investigators, NBCS Investigators, Luben, Robert N [0000-0002-5088-6343], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Clinical Genetics, Medical Oncology, and Molecular Genetics

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Bioinformatics, Medical and Health Sciences, Cohort Studies, Breast cancer screening, 0302 clinical medicine, Medizinische Fakultät, Missense mutation, Genetics (clinical), Genetics & Heredity, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, Biological Sciences, Middle Aged, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins, 3. Good health, ddc, DNA-Binding Proteins, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, kConFab Investigators, Female, RNA Helicases, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Adult, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, PALB2, Population, European Continental Ancestry Group, Breast Neoplasms, NBCS Investigators, Biology, Article, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Molecular genetics, Genetics, medicine, breast [Cancer], Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Testing, ddc:610, Allele, education, Genetic Association Studies, Aged, Cancer: breast, BRIP1, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Lifepool Investigators, Mutation
Abstract

Background: BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) is one of the Fanconi Anaemia Complementation (FANC) group family of DNA repair proteins. Biallelic mutations in BRIP1 are responsible for FANC group J, and previous studies have also suggested that rare protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. These studies have led to inclusion of BRIP1 on targeted sequencing panels for breast cancer risk prediction. Methods: We evaluated a truncating variant, p.Arg798Ter (rs137852986), and 10 missense variants of BRIP1, in 48 144 cases and 43 607 controls of European origin, drawn from 41 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Additionally, we sequenced the coding regions of BRIP1 in 13 213 cases and 5242 controls from the UK, 1313 cases and 1123 controls from three population-based studies as part of the Breast Cancer Family Registry, and 1853 familial cases and 2001 controls from Australia. Results: The rare truncating allele of rs137852986 was observed in 23 cases and 18 controls in Europeans in BCAC (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.03, p=0.79). Truncating variants were found in the sequencing studies in 34 cases (0.21%) and 19 controls (0.23%) (combined OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.70, p=0.75). Conclusions: These results suggest that truncating variants in BRIP1, and in particular p.Arg798Ter, are not associated with a substantial increase in breast cancer risk. Such observations have important implications for the reporting of results from breast cancer screening panels.

Published
2015

7. Common germline polymorphisms associated with breast cancer-specific survival

Author

Pirie, Ailith, Guo, Qi, Kraft, Peter, Canisius, Sander, Eccles, Diana M, Rahman, Nazneen, Nevanlinna, Heli, Chen, Constance, Khan, Sofia, Tyrer, Jonathan, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Lush, Michael, Dunning, Alison M, Shah, Mitul, Czene, Kamila, Darabi, Hatef, Eriksson, Mikael, Lambrechts, Dieter, Weltens, Caroline, Leunen, Karin, van Ongeval, Chantal, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Nielsen, Sune F, Flyger, Henrik, Rudolph, Anja, Seibold, Petra, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Blomqvist, Carl, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Fagerholm, Rainer, Muranen, Taru A, Olsen, Janet E, Hallberg, Emily, Vachon, Celine, Knight, Julia A, Glendon, Gord, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Broeks, Annegien, Cornelissen, Sten, Haiman, Christopher A, Henderson, Brian E, Schumacher, Frederick, Le Marchand, Loic, Hopper, John L, Tsimiklis, Helen, Apicella, Carmel, Southey, Melissa C, Cross, Simon S, Reed, Malcolm Wr, Giles, Graham G, Milne, Roger L, McLean, Catriona, Winqvist, Robert, Pylkäs, Katri, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Grip, Mervi, Hooning, Maartje J, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Martens, John Wm, van den Ouweland, Ans Mw, Marme, Federick, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Yang, Rongxi, Burwinkel, Barbara, Figueroa, Jonine, Chanock, Stephen J, Lissowska, Jolanta, Sawyer, Elinor J, Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael J, Miller, Nicola, Brenner, Hermann, Butterbach, Katja, Holleczek, Bernd, Kataja, Vesa, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Hartikainen, Jaana M, Li, Jingmei, Brand, Judith S, Humphreys, Keith, Devilee, Peter, Tollenaar, Robert Aem, Seynaeve, Caroline, Radice, Paolo, Peterlongo, Paolo, Manoukian, Siranoush, Ficarazzi, Filomena, Beckmann, Matthias W, Hein, Alexander, Ekici, Arif B, Balleine, Rosemary, Phillips, Kelly-Anne, kConFab Investigators, Benitez, Javier, Zamora, M Pilar, Perez, Jose Ignacio Arias, Menéndez, Primitiva, Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Gronwald, Jacek, Durda, Katarzyna, Hamann, Ute, Kabisch, Maria, Ulmer, Hans Ulrich, Rüdiger, Thomas, Margolin, Sara, Kristensen, Vessela, Nord, Siljie, NBCS Investigators, Evans, D Gareth, Abraham, Jean, Earl, Helena, Poole, Christopher J, Hiller, Louise, Dunn, Janet A, Bowden, Sarah, Yang, Rose, Campa, Daniele, Diver, W Ryan, Gapstur, Susan M, Gaudet, Mia M, Hankinson, Susan, Hoover, Robert N, Hüsing, Anika, Kaaks, Rudolf, Machiela, Mitchell J, Willett, Walter, Barrdahl, Myrto, Canzian, Federico, Chin, Suet-Feung, Caldas, Carlos, Hunter, David J, Lindstrom, Sara, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Couch, Fergus J, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Mannermaa, Arto, Andrulis, Irene L, Hall, Per, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Easton, Douglas F, Bojesen, Stig E, Cox, Angela, Fasching, Peter A, Pharoah, Paul Dp, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Tyrer, Jonathan [0000-0003-3724-4757], Wang, Jean [0000-0002-9139-0627], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Dunning, Alison [0000-0001-6651-7166], Abraham, Jean [0000-0003-0688-4807], Earl, Helena [0000-0003-1549-8094], Chin, Suet-Feung [0000-0001-5697-1082], Caldas, Carlos [0000-0003-3547-1489], Easton, Douglas [0000-0003-2444-3247], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Clinical Genetics, and Medical Oncology

Subjects
PROGNOSIS, SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, THAN-T POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, ADJUVANT THERAPY, RISK, OUTCOMES, VARIANTS, GENOTYPE, Breast Neoplasms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RC0254, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Medizinische Fakultät, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, skin and connective tissue diseases, Genetic Association Studies, Medicine(all), Prognosis, Germ Cells, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Research Article
Abstract

Introduction Previous studies have identified common germline variants nominally associated with breast cancer survival. These associations have not been widely replicated in further studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of previously reported SNPs with breast cancer-specific survival using data from a pooled analysis of eight breast cancer survival genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Methods A literature review was conducted of all previously published associations between common germline variants and three survival outcomes: breast cancer-specific survival, overall survival and disease-free survival. All associations that reached the nominal significance level of P value

Published
2015

8. No evidence that protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with breast cancer risk: implications for gene panel testing

Author

Easton, Douglas F, Lesueur, Fabienne, Decker, Brennan, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Li, Jun, Allen, Jamie, Luccarini, Craig, Pooley, Karen A, Shah, Mitul, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Ahmad, Jamil, Thompson, Ella R, Damiola, Francesca, Pertesi, Maroulio, Voegele, Catherine, Mebirouk, Noura, Robinot, Nivonirina, Durand, Geoffroy, Forey, Nathalie, Luben, Robert N, Ahmed, Shahana, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Baynes, Caroline, Beckman, Matthias W, Benitez, Javier, Van Den Berg, David, Blot, William J, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Brenner, Hermann, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chia, Kee Seng, Choi, Ji-Yeob, Conroy, Don M, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Darabi, Hatef, Devilee, Peter, Eriksson, Mikael, Fasching, Peter A, Figueroa, Jonine, Flyger, Henrik, Fostira, Florentia, García-Closas, Montserrat, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, González-Neira, Anna, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Per, Hart, Steven N, Hartman, Mikael, Hooning, Maartje J, Hsiung, Chia-Ni, Ito, Hidemi, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul A, John, Esther M, Johnson, Nichola, Jones, Michael, Kabisch, Maria, Kang, Daehee, KConFab Investigators, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Kristensen, Vessela, Lambrechts, Diether, Li, Na, Lifepool Investigators, Lindblom, Annika, Long, Jirong, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lubinski, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Matsuo, Keitaro, Meindl, Alfons, Mitchell, Gillian, Muir, Kenneth, NBCS Investigators, Nevelsteen, Ines, Van Den Ouweland, Ans, Peterlongo, Paolo, Phuah, Sze Yee, Pylkäs, Katri, Rowley, Simone M, Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Schmutzler, Rita K, Shen, Chen-Yang, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Southey, Melissa C, Surowy, Harald, Swerdlow, Anthony, Teo, Soo H, Tollenaar, Rob AEM, Tomlinson, Ian, Torres, Diana, Truong, Thérèse, Vachon, Celine, Verhoef, Senno, Wong-Brown, Michelle, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Ying, Nevanlinna, Heli, Scott, Rodney J, Andrulis, Irene L, Wu, Anna H, Hopper, John L, Couch, Fergus J, Winqvist, Robert, Burwinkel, Barbara, Sawyer, Elinor J, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Rudolph, Anja, Dörk, Thilo, Brauch, Hiltrud, Hamann, Ute, Neuhausen, Susan L, Milne, Roger L, Fletcher, Olivia, Pharoah, Paul DP, Campbell, Ian G, Dunning, Alison M, Le Calvez-Kelm, Florence, Goldgar, David E, Tavtigian, Sean V, and Chenevix-Trench, Georgia

Subjects
Adult, Risk, Cancer: breast, Breast Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins, White People, 3. Good health, Cohort Studies, DNA-Binding Proteins, Mutation, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Association Studies, RNA Helicases, Aged
Abstract

BACKGROUND: BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) is one of the Fanconi Anaemia Complementation (FANC) group family of DNA repair proteins. Biallelic mutations in BRIP1 are responsible for FANC group J, and previous studies have also suggested that rare protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. These studies have led to inclusion of BRIP1 on targeted sequencing panels for breast cancer risk prediction. METHODS: We evaluated a truncating variant, p.Arg798Ter (rs137852986), and 10 missense variants of BRIP1, in 48 144 cases and 43 607 controls of European origin, drawn from 41 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Additionally, we sequenced the coding regions of BRIP1 in 13 213 cases and 5242 controls from the UK, 1313 cases and 1123 controls from three population-based studies as part of the Breast Cancer Family Registry, and 1853 familial cases and 2001 controls from Australia. RESULTS: The rare truncating allele of rs137852986 was observed in 23 cases and 18 controls in Europeans in BCAC (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.03, p=0.79). Truncating variants were found in the sequencing studies in 34 cases (0.21%) and 19 controls (0.23%) (combined OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.70, p=0.75). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that truncating variants in BRIP1, and in particular p.Arg798Ter, are not associated with a substantial increase in breast cancer risk. Such observations have important implications for the reporting of results from breast cancer screening panels.

9. Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of Breast, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer Association Studies Identify Multiple New Susceptibility Loci Shared by at Least Two Cancer Types

Author

Kar, Siddhartha P, Beesley, Jonathan, Amin Al Olama, Ali, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Tyrer, Jonathan, Kote-Jarai, ZSofia, Lawrenson, Kate, Lindstrom, Sara, Ramus, Susan J, Thompson, Deborah J, ABCTB Investigators, Kibel, Adam S, Dansonka-Mieszkowska, Agnieszka, Michael, Agnieszka, Dieffenbach, Aida K, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Whittemore, Alice S, Wolk, Alicja, Monteiro, Alvaro, Peixoto, Ana, Kierzek, Andrzej, Cox, Angela, Rudolph, Anja, Gonzalez-Neira, Anna, Wu, Anna H, Lindblom, Annika, Swerdlow, Anthony, AOCS Study Group & Australian Cancer Study (Ovarian Cancer), APCB BioResource, Ziogas, Argyrios, Ekici, Arif B, Burwinkel, Barbara, Karlan, Beth Y, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Blomqvist, Carl, Phelan, Catherine, McLean, Catriona, Pearce, Celeste Leigh, Vachon, Celine, Cybulski, Cezary, Slavov, Chavdar, Stegmaier, Christa, Maier, Christiane, Ambrosone, Christine B, Høgdall, Claus K, Teerlink, Craig C, Kang, Daehee, Tessier, Daniel C, Schaid, Daniel J, Stram, Daniel O, Cramer, Daniel W, Neal, David E, Eccles, Diana, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Edwards, Digna R Velez, Wokozorczyk, Dominika, Levine, Douglas A, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Sawyer, Elinor J, Bandera, Elisa V, Poole, Elizabeth M, Goode, Ellen L, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Høgdall, Estrid, Song, Fengju, Bruinsma, Fiona, Heitz, Florian, Modugno, Francesmary, Hamdy, Freddie C, Wiklund, Fredrik, Giles, Graham G, Olsson, Håkan, Wildiers, Hans, Ulmer, Hans-Ulrich, Pandha, Hardev, Risch, Harvey A, Darabi, Hatef, Salvesen, Helga B, Nevanlinna, Heli, Gronberg, Henrik, Brenner, Hermann, Brauch, Hiltrud, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Song, Honglin, Lim, Hui-Yi, McNeish, Iain, Campbell, Ian, Vergote, Ignace, Gronwald, Jacek, Lubiński, Jan, Stanford, Janet L, Benítez, Javier, Doherty, Jennifer A, Permuth, Jennifer B, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Donovan, Jenny L, Dennis, Joe, Schildkraut, Joellen M, Schleutker, Johanna, Hopper, John L, Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta, Park, Jong Y, Figueroa, Jonine, Clements, Judith A, Knight, Julia A, Peto, Julian, Cunningham, Julie M, Pow-Sang, Julio, Batra, Jyotsna, Czene, Kamila, Lu, Karen H, Herkommer, Kathleen, Khaw, Kay-Tee, KConFab Investigators, Matsuo, Keitaro, Muir, Kenneth, Offitt, Kenneth, Chen, Kexin, Moysich, Kirsten B, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Odunsi, Kunle, Kiemeney, Lambertus A, Massuger, Leon FAG, Fitzgerald, Liesel M, Cook, Linda S, Cannon-Albright, Lisa, Hooning, Maartje J, Pike, Malcolm C, Bolla, Manjeet K, Luedeke, Manuel, Teixeira, Manuel R, Goodman, Marc T, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Riggan, Marjorie, Aly, Markus, Rossing, Mary Anne, Beckmann, Matthias W, Moisse, Matthieu, Sanderson, Maureen, Southey, Melissa C, Jones, Michael, Lush, Michael, Hildebrandt, Michelle AT, Hou, Ming-Feng, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Bogdanova, Natalia, Rahman, Nazneen, NBCS Investigators, Le, Nhu D, Orr, Nick, Wentzensen, Nicolas, Pashayan, Nora, Peterlongo, Paolo, Guénel, Pascal, Brennan, Paul, Paulo, Paula, Webb, Penelope M, Broberg, Per, Fasching, Peter A, Devilee, Peter, Wang, Qin, Cai, Qiuyin, Li, Qiyuan, Kaneva, Radka, Butzow, Ralf, Kopperud, Reidun Kristin, Schmutzler, Rita K, Stephenson, Robert A, MacInnis, Robert J, Hoover, Robert N, Winqvist, Robert, Ness, Roberta, Milne, Roger L, Travis, Ruth C, Benlloch, Sara, Olson, Sara H, McDonnell, Shannon K, Tworoger, Shelley S, Maia, Sofia, Berndt, Sonja, Lee, Soo Chin, Teo, Soo-Hwang, Thibodeau, Stephen N, Bojesen, Stig E, Gapstur, Susan M, Kjær, Susanne Krüger, Pejovic, Tanja, Tammela, Teuvo LJ, GENICA Network, PRACTICAL Consortium, Dörk, Thilo, Brüning, Thomas, Wahlfors, Tiina, Key, Tim J, Edwards, Todd L, Menon, Usha, Hamann, Ute, Mitev, Vanio, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Setiawan, Veronica Wendy, Kristensen, Vessela, Arndt, Volker, Vogel, Walther, Zheng, Wei, Sieh, Weiva, Blot, William J, Kluzniak, Wojciech, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Gao, Yu-Tang, Schumacher, Fredrick, Freedman, Matthew L, Berchuck, Andrew, Dunning, Alison M, Simard, Jacques, Haiman, Christopher A, Spurdle, Amanda, Sellers, Thomas A, Hunter, David J, Henderson, Brian E, Kraft, Peter, Chanock, Stephen J, Couch, Fergus J, Hall, Per, Gayther, Simon A, Easton, Douglas F, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Eeles, Rosalind, Pharoah, Paul DP, and Lambrechts, Diether

Subjects
Male, Ovarian Neoplasms, Quantitative Trait Loci, Chromosome Mapping, Datasets as Topic, Prostatic Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 3. Good health, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Genetic Loci, Organ Specificity, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Female, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Signal Transduction
Abstract

UNLABELLED: Breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers are hormone-related and may have a shared genetic basis, but this has not been investigated systematically by genome-wide association (GWA) studies. Meta-analyses combining the largest GWA meta-analysis data sets for these cancers totaling 112,349 cases and 116,421 controls of European ancestry, all together and in pairs, identified at P < 10(-8) seven new cross-cancer loci: three associated with susceptibility to all three cancers (rs17041869/2q13/BCL2L11; rs7937840/11q12/INCENP; rs1469713/19p13/GATAD2A), two breast and ovarian cancer risk loci (rs200182588/9q31/SMC2; rs8037137/15q26/RCCD1), and two breast and prostate cancer risk loci (rs5013329/1p34/NSUN4; rs9375701/6q23/L3MBTL3). Index variants in five additional regions previously associated with only one cancer also showed clear association with a second cancer type. Cell-type-specific expression quantitative trait locus and enhancer-gene interaction annotations suggested target genes with potential cross-cancer roles at the new loci. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of death receptor signaling genes near loci with P < 10(-5) in the three-cancer meta-analysis. SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrate that combining large-scale GWA meta-analysis findings across cancer types can identify completely new risk loci common to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. We show that the identification of such cross-cancer risk loci has the potential to shed new light on the shared biology underlying these hormone-related cancers. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 1052-67. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 932.

10. Genetic modifiers of CHEK2*1100delC-associated breast cancer risk

Author

Muranen, Taru A, Greco, Dario, Blomqvist, Carl, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Khan, Sofia, Hogervorst, Frans, Verhoef, Senno, Pharoah, Paul DP, Dunning, Alison M, Shah, Mitul, Luben, Robert, Bojesen, Stig E, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Schoemaker, Minouk, Swerdlow, Anthony, García-Closas, Montserrat, Figueroa, Jonine, Dörk, Thilo, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Hall, Per, Li, Jingmei, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Bermisheva, Marina, Kristensen, Vessela, Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise, NBCS Investigators, Peto, Julian, Dos Santos Silva, Isabel, Couch, Fergus J, Olson, Janet E, Hillemans, Peter, Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won, Brauch, Hiltrud, Hamann, Ute, Burwinkel, Barbara, Marme, Frederik, Meindl, Alfons, Schmutzler, Rita K, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Sawyer, Elinor J, Tomlinson, Ian, Lambrechts, Diether, Moisse, Matthieu, Lindblom, Annika, Margolin, Sara, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Martens, John WM, Fasching, Peter A, Beckmann, Matthias W, Andrulis, Irene L, Knight, Julia A, KConFab/AOCS Investigators, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Ziogas, Argyrios, Giles, Graham G, Milne, Roger L, Brenner, Hermann, Arndt, Volker, Mannermaa, Arto, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Rudolph, Anja, Devilee, Peter, Seynaeve, Caroline, Hopper, John L, Southey, Melissa C, John, Esther M, Whittemore, Alice S, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Dennis, Joe, Easton, Douglas F, Schmidt, Marjanka K, and Nevanlinna, Heli

Subjects
Checkpoint Kinase 2, Genes, Modifier, Odds Ratio, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Penetrance, skin and connective tissue diseases, 3. Good health, Sequence Deletion
Abstract

PURPOSE: CHEK2*1100delC is a founder variant in European populations that confers a two- to threefold increased risk of breast cancer (BC). Epidemiologic and family studies have suggested that the risk associated with CHEK2*1100delC is modified by other genetic factors in a multiplicative fashion. We have investigated this empirically using data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). METHODS: Using genotype data from 39,139 (624 1100delC carriers) BC patients and 40,063 (224) healthy controls from 32 BCAC studies, we analyzed the combined risk effects of CHEK2*1100delC and 77 common variants in terms of a polygenic risk score (PRS) and pairwise interaction. RESULTS: The PRS conferred odds ratios (OR) of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.21-2.09) per standard deviation for BC for CHEK2*1100delC carriers and 1.58 (1.55-1.62) for noncarriers. No evidence of deviation from the multiplicative model was found. The OR for the highest quintile of the PRS was 2.03 (0.86-4.78) for CHEK2*1100delC carriers, placing them in the high risk category according to UK NICE guidelines. The OR for the lowest quintile was 0.52 (0.16-1.74), indicating a lifetime risk close to the population average. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the multiplicative nature of risk effects conferred by CHEK2*1100delC and the common susceptibility variants. Furthermore, the PRS could identify carriers at a high lifetime risk for clinical actions.Genet Med advance online publication 06 October 2016.

11. No evidence that protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with breast cancer risk : implications for gene panel testing

Author

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Genética Humana, Easton, Douglas F., Lesueur, Fabienne, Decker, Brennan, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Li, Jun, Allen, Jamie, Luccarini, Craig, Pooley, Karen A., Shah, Mitul, Bolla, Manjeet K., Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Ahmad, Jamil, Thompson, Ella R., Damiola, Francesca, Pertesi, Maroulio, Voegele, Catherine, Mebirouk, Noura, Robinot, Nivonirina, Durand, Geoffroy, Forey, Nathalie, Luben, Robert N., Ahmed, Shahana, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Baynes, Caroline, Beckman, Matthias W., Benitez, Javier, Van Den Berg, David, Blot, William J., Bogdanova, Natalia V., Bojesen, Stig E., Brenner, Hermann, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chia, Kee Seng, Choi, Ji-Yeob, Conroy, Don M., Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S., Czene, Kamila, Darabi, Hatef, Devilee, Peter, Eriksson, Mikael, Fasching, Peter A., Figueroa, Jonine, Flyger, Henrik, Fostira, Florentia, García-Closas, Montserrat, Giles, Graham G., Glendon, Gord, González-Neira, Anna, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A., Hall, Per, Hart, Steven N., Hartman, Mikael, Hooning, Maartje J., Hsiung, Chia-Ni, Ito, Hidemi, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul A., John, Esther M., Johnson, Nichola, Jones, Michael, Kabisch, Maria, Kang, Daehee, kConFab Investigators, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Kristensen, Vessela, Lambrechts, Diether, Li, Na, Lifepool Investigators, Lindblom, Annika, Long, Jirong, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lubinski, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Matsuo, Keitaro, Meindl, Alfons, Mitchell, Gillian, Muir, Kenneth, NBCS Investigators, Nevelsteen, Ines, Ouweland, Ans van den, Peterlongo, Paolo, Phuah, Sze Yee, Pylkäs, Katri, Rowley, Simone M., Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Schmutzler, Rita K., Shen, Chen-Yang, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Southey, Melissa, Surowy, Harald, Swerdlow, Anthony, Teo, Soo H., Tollenaar, Robert A.E.M., Tomlinson, Ian, Torres, Diana, Truong, Thérèse, Vachon, Celine, Verhoef, Senno, Wong-Brown, Michelle, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Ying, Nevanlinna, Heli, Scott, Rodney J., Andrulis, Irene L., Wu, Anna H., Hopper, John L., Couch, Fergus J., Winqvist, Robert, Burwinkel, Barbara, Sawyer, Elinor J., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Rudolph, Anja, Dörk, Thilo, Brauch, Hiltrud, Hamann, Ute, Neuhausen, Susan L., Milne, Roger L., Fletcher, Olivia, Pharoah, Paul D.P., Campbell, Ian G., Dunning, Alison M., Le Calvez-Kelm, Florence, Goldgar, David E., Tavtigian, Sean V., Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Genética Humana, Easton, Douglas F., Lesueur, Fabienne, Decker, Brennan, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Li, Jun, Allen, Jamie, Luccarini, Craig, Pooley, Karen A., Shah, Mitul, Bolla, Manjeet K., Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Ahmad, Jamil, Thompson, Ella R., Damiola, Francesca, Pertesi, Maroulio, Voegele, Catherine, Mebirouk, Noura, Robinot, Nivonirina, Durand, Geoffroy, Forey, Nathalie, Luben, Robert N., Ahmed, Shahana, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Baynes, Caroline, Beckman, Matthias W., Benitez, Javier, Van Den Berg, David, Blot, William J., Bogdanova, Natalia V., Bojesen, Stig E., Brenner, Hermann, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chia, Kee Seng, Choi, Ji-Yeob, Conroy, Don M., Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S., Czene, Kamila, Darabi, Hatef, Devilee, Peter, Eriksson, Mikael, Fasching, Peter A., Figueroa, Jonine, Flyger, Henrik, Fostira, Florentia, García-Closas, Montserrat, Giles, Graham G., Glendon, Gord, González-Neira, Anna, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A., Hall, Per, Hart, Steven N., Hartman, Mikael, Hooning, Maartje J., Hsiung, Chia-Ni, Ito, Hidemi, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul A., John, Esther M., Johnson, Nichola, Jones, Michael, Kabisch, Maria, Kang, Daehee, kConFab Investigators, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Kristensen, Vessela, Lambrechts, Diether, Li, Na, Lifepool Investigators, Lindblom, Annika, Long, Jirong, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lubinski, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Matsuo, Keitaro, Meindl, Alfons, Mitchell, Gillian, Muir, Kenneth, NBCS Investigators, Nevelsteen, Ines, Ouweland, Ans van den, Peterlongo, Paolo, Phuah, Sze Yee, Pylkäs, Katri, Rowley, Simone M., Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Schmutzler, Rita K., Shen, Chen-Yang, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Southey, Melissa, Surowy, Harald, Swerdlow, Anthony, Teo, Soo H., Tollenaar, Robert A.E.M., Tomlinson, Ian, Torres, Diana, Truong, Thérèse, Vachon, Celine, Verhoef, Senno, Wong-Brown, Michelle, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Ying, Nevanlinna, Heli, Scott, Rodney J., Andrulis, Irene L., Wu, Anna H., Hopper, John L., Couch, Fergus J., Winqvist, Robert, Burwinkel, Barbara, Sawyer, Elinor J., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Rudolph, Anja, Dörk, Thilo, Brauch, Hiltrud, Hamann, Ute, Neuhausen, Susan L., Milne, Roger L., Fletcher, Olivia, Pharoah, Paul D.P., Campbell, Ian G., Dunning, Alison M., Le Calvez-Kelm, Florence, Goldgar, David E., Tavtigian, Sean V., and Chenevix-Trench, Georgia

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