2,753 results on '"NATIONAL WEALTH"'
Search Results
2. The Relationship between National and Entrepreneurial Culture: The Role of National Wealth.
- Author
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Simić, Ivana and Lepojević, Vinko
- Subjects
MULTIPLE regression analysis ,POWER (Social sciences) ,RESEARCH questions ,NATIONAL income ,RISK aversion - Abstract
Research Question: The paper examines the impact of specific Hofstede's dimensions of national culture on entrepreneurial culture, depending on the wealth of the national economy. Motivation: Based on the results of some previous research focused on the relationship between national culture and various indicators associated with entrepreneurship (Hayton, George & Zahra, 2002; Pinillos & Reyes, 2011; Zhao, Li & Rauch, 2012; Hayton & Cacciotti, 2013), the paper analyses the impact of national culture on entrepreneurial culture, as a category closely related to entrepreneurship. The identification of the national culture's dimensions contributing to the affirmation of entrepreneurial culture, provides an insight into the entrepreneurial potential of a particular national economy. Idea: The main idea of the paper is to examine whether selected Hofstede's dimensions of national culture (power distance - PD, uncertainty avoidance - UA, individualism - IDV) affect entrepreneurial culture (EC) in a manner identical to that affecting the other indicators of entrepreneurship. The mentioned relationship is not examined as unmediated, but in the context of the effect that national wealth (measured as Gross National Income per capita - GNI) has on it. Data: The survey covered a total of 108 countries for which the data on the values of three selected dimensions of national culture, the index of entrepreneurial culture and the Gross National Income per capita are available. Tools: In order to examine the effect of three selected Hofstede's dimensions of national culture on entrepreneurial culture, correlation and standard multiple regression analyses were conducted. For data processing, statistical software SPSS (version 22.0) was used. Findings: The obtained results of the research show that in national economies with higher levels of IDV and lower levels of UA, higher scores of the EC index are manifested, regardless of the national wealth. On the other hand, the impact of PD on EC is determined by the level of a particular economy's wealth. In high-income economies (HIE), the index of EC is higher if PD is lower. In low- and middle-income economies (LIE), higher values of EC index are manifested if PD is higher. Contribution: The paper expands the knowledge and research base on entrepreneurial culture and the influence that national culture has on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Self-construals predict personal life satisfaction with different strengths across societal contexts differing in national wealth and religious heritage.
- Author
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Sánchez-Rodríguez, Ángel, Vignoles, Vivian L., Bond, Michael Harris, Adamovic, Mladen, Akotia, Charity S., Albert, Isabelle, Appoh, Lily, Baltin, Arno, Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo, Denoux, Patrick, Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Fülöp, Márta, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Gavreliuc, Alin, Hanke-Boer, Diana, Haas, Brian W., Igbokwe, David O., and Işık, İ̇dil
- Subjects
- *
SATISFACTION , *LIFE satisfaction , *INCOME inequality , *AUTONOMY (Psychology) , *SELF-expression , *FORECASTING , *SELF-perception - Abstract
We explore to what extent previously observed pan-cultural association between dimensions of self-construal and personal life satisfaction (PLS) may be moderated by three national-contextual variables: national wealth, economic inequality, and religious heritage. The results showed that Self-reliance (vs. dependence on others) predicted PLS positively in poorer countries but negatively in richer countries. Connectedness to others (vs. self-containment) predicted PLS more strongly in Protestant-heritage countries. Self-expression (vs. harmony) predicted PLS more weakly (and non-significantly) in Muslim-heritage countries. In contrast, previously reported associations of self-direction (vs. reception-to-influence), consistency (vs. variability), and decontextualized (vs. contextualized) self-understanding with personal life satisfaction were not significantly moderated by these aspects of societal context. These results show the importance of considering the impact of national religious and economic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. National wealth, individualism, generalised trust, and religiosity as moderators of the relationship between helping strangers and life satisfaction in 137 societies.
- Author
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Joshanloo, Mohsen and Bond, Michael Harris
- Subjects
- *
LIFE satisfaction , *TRUST , *RELIGIOUSNESS , *INDIVIDUALISM , *STRANGERS - Abstract
We predicted that the relationship between helping strangers and life satisfaction would depend partially on the wealth of the country in which one lives. We argue that wealthy societies provide a wide range of welfare provisions for assisting their citizens. By contrast, people living in poorer countries with associated lower individualism, lower generalised trust, and higher religiosity have fewer financial and institutional supports for their daily welfare. They thus receive greater personal and interpersonal rewards for helping strangers in their societies and experience greater life satisfaction. Using a 137‐country sample, we found that the relationship between helping strangers and life satisfaction was weaker in wealthier nations and in nations with more individualistic, more trusting, but less religious citizens. When all four moderators were used, only trust and religiosity remained significant moderators. In a supplementary mediated moderation model, we also found that trust and religiosity mediated the effect of national wealth on the relationship between kindness and life satisfaction. We conclude that the relationship between kindness and life satisfaction depends on various aspects of national culture that may reduce or increase people's dependence in their daily lives on the help of others as opposed to dependence on welfare institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Overseas Trade of British America: A Narrative History
- Author
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Truxes, Thomas M., author and Truxes, Thomas M.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Study of the Structure of National Wealth of the Countries of the World by Means of Cluster Analysis Methods
- Author
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Guzev, Mikhail M., Ledeneva, Marina V., Polkovnikov, Alexander A., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Inshakova, Agnessa O., editor, and Inshakova, Elena I., editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Relationship between National and Entrepreneurial Culture: The Role of National Wealth
- Author
-
Ivana Simić and Vinko Lepojević
- Subjects
national culture ,entrepreneurial culture ,national wealth ,entrepreneurship ,Business ,HF5001-6182 - Abstract
Research Question: The paper examines the impact of specific Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture on entrepreneurial culture, depending on the wealth of the national economy. Motivation: Based on the results of some previous research focused on the relationship between national culture and various indicators associated with entrepreneurship (Hayton, George & Zahra, 2002; Pinillos & Reyes, 2011; Zhao, Li & Rauch, 2012; Hayton & Cacciotti, 2013), the paper analyses the impact of national culture on entrepreneurial culture, as a category closely related to entrepreneurship. The identification of the national culture's dimensions contributing to the affirmation of entrepreneurial culture, provides an insight into the entrepreneurial potential of a particular national economy. Idea: The main idea of the paper is to examine whether selected Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture (power distance - PD, uncertainty avoidance – UA, individualism – IDV) affect entrepreneurial culture (EC) in a manner identical to that affecting the other indicators of entrepreneurship. The mentioned relationship is not examined as unmediated, but in the context of the effect that national wealth (measured as Gross National Income per capita - GNI) has on it. Data: The survey covered a total of 108 countries for which the data on the values of three selected dimensions of national culture, the index of entrepreneurial culture and the Gross National Income per capita are available. Tools: In order to examine the effect of three selected Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture on entrepreneurial culture, correlation and standard multiple regression analyses were conducted. For data processing, statistical software SPSS (version 22.0) was used. Findings: The obtained results of the research show that in national economies with higher levels of IDV and lower levels of UA, higher scores of the EC index are manifested, regardless of the national wealth. On the other hand, the impact of PD on EC is determined by the level of a particular economy's wealth. In high-income economies (HIE), the index of EC is higher if PD is lower. In low- and middle-income economies (LIE), higher values of EC index are manifested if PD is higher. Contribution: The paper expands the knowledge and research base on entrepreneurial culture and the influence that national culture has on it.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Devil's in the detail: how to assess transformation of the South African private sector.
- Author
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Joubert, Michelle
- Subjects
- *
PRIVATE sector , *ECONOMIC development , *WEALTH , *BUSINESS enterprises , *STOCKS (Finance) - Abstract
An enormous amount of time and energy has been spent assessing the extent of transformation of ownership of the South African private sector. To date, the exercise has not moved much beyond squabbling over numbers. In doing so, the debate has ignored an estimated two thirds of the private sector. Business and government have talked past each other about the same set of regulatory compliance targets -- the former focused on arguments for maintaining or reducing the targets; the latter on reasons to extend them. One point of consensus is that in the 25 years since South Africa achieved democracy, the pace and extent of transformation of private sector ownership has been wholly inadequate. This paper seeks to examine how we should be thinking about listed equity, which has had more focus as a result of clearer metrics being available; the transformation of unlisted business sector; the impact on private sector ownership of government's range of goals since 1994; and proposed policy amendments intended to develop a view on equity ownership in South Africa shared by government, business, organised labour and other key stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Son Dönem Osmanlı Devleti'nde Zeytin Tarımı ve Zeytinyağı İmalatının Geliştirilmesine Dair Görüş ve Öneriler.
- Author
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Sunay, Serap
- Subjects
OLIVE oil ,OLIVE ,AGRICULTURE - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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10. Modern Norwegian Economic History
- Author
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Grytten, Ola Honningdal
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ ГЕОЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ ӘЛЕУЕТІ - МЕМЛЕКЕТТІҢ ҚАУІПСІЗДІГІ МЕН ДАМУЫНЫҢ НЕГІЗІ
- Author
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Сарқытқан, Қ., Мәсімханұлы, Д., and Масабаев, Қ. И.
- Abstract
This paper examines the state and the historical-geographical and socio-political processes of its emergence, citing the earliest states that have existed in human history as examples. Among the factors contributing to the political independence of the state, the factor of economic development is of particular importance. In this context the issue of economic independence of sovereign Kazakhstan is considered on the basis of comparative advantages of the country in relation to other countries in the international geo-economic system after the transition to a market economy. Comparative advantage is based on the country's geographical position, natural resource potential, development in the economic, transport and social and technical spheres. It is also influenced by the development of economic and political-cultural integration processes. In particular, the location of Kazakhstan in the centre of Eurasia; its large natural territories and natural resource potential, including energy, land, soil, water, forest, biological, mineral, climatic and recreational resources; transit potential, connecting West and East, South and North; the presence of enterprises established during the Soviet Union; mass population literacy, availability of highly qualified citizens; international relations formed during the years of independence; a favourable investment environment; and the fact that the country has a well-developed economy. The article also considers the importance of using these potentials in defining and strengthening Kazakhstan's position in today's complex and unstable global geopolitics and geoeconomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. RECOVERY BASED ON DEVELOPMENT RATHER THAN GROWTH.
- Author
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CSATH, Magdolna
- Subjects
ECONOMIC recovery ,ECONOMIC development ,GROSS domestic product ,INVESTMENTS ,ECONOMIC indicators - Abstract
Copyright of Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznanskiej. Organizacja & Zarzadzanie is the property of Poznan University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. National Wealth and the Subjective Well-Being of Nations
- Author
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Engelbrecht, Hans-Jurgen, Michalos, Alex C, Series Editor, Diener, Ed, Editorial Board Member, Glatzer, Wolfgang, Editorial Board Member, Moum, Torbjorn, Editorial Board Member, Sprangers, Mirjam A.G., Editorial Board Member, Vogel, Joachim, Editorial Board Member, Veenhoven, Ruut, Editorial Board Member, Brulé, Gaël, editor, and Suter, Christian, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. International and Global Issues
- Author
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Fraser, Alastair and Fraser, Alastair
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Cultural Discrepancy and National Corruption: Investigating the Difference between Cultural Values and Practices and Its Relationship to Corrupt Behavior.
- Author
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Gelbrich, Katja, Stedham, Yvonne, and Gäthke, Daniel
- Subjects
CORRUPTION ,CULTURE ,CULTURAL values ,COLLECTIVISM (Social psychology) ,CROSS-cultural differences ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
The relationship between culture and corruption has been the focus of various studies, producing inconsistent results. We suggest that these inconsistencies might be due to the conceptualization and measurement of culture. Drawing on the possible value/fact dichotomy discussed in ethical philosophy, we introduce the construct of cultural discrepancy--the difference between cultural values ("ought") and practices ("is")--as a predictor of pervasive (i.e., fully institutionalized and predictable) and arbitrary (i.e., uncertain and relatively unorganized) corruption. Examining the relationship between the discrepancies observed in the GLOBE cultural dimensions and the Corruption Perception Index shows that in-group collectivism discrepancy is negatively related to pervasive corruption; future orientation discrepancy is positively related to arbitrary corruption. Further, we show that these relationships are contingent on national wealth. The negative relationship for in-group collectivism discrepancy is most pronounced in poor and moderately wealthy countries, and the positive relationship for future orientation discrepancy is most pronounced in rich countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Long-Term Shareholder Returns: Evidence from 64,000 Global Stocks
- Author
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Hendrik Bessembinder, Goeun Choi, K.C. John Wei, and Te-Feng Chen
- Subjects
History ,Economics and Econometrics ,Polymers and Plastics ,Monetary economics ,Full sample ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Treasury ,Term (time) ,Shareholder ,Accounting ,Common stock ,National wealth ,Stock market ,Business ,Business and International Management ,Finance - Abstract
We study long-run shareholder outcomes for over 64,000 global common stocks during the January 1990 to December 2020 period. We document that the majority, 55.2% of U.S. stocks and 57.4% of non-U.S. stocks, underperform one-month U.S. Treasury bills in terms of compound returns over the full sample. Focusing on aggregate shareholder outcomes, we find that the top-performing 2.4% of firms account for all of the $US 75.7 trillion in net global stock market wealth creation from 1990 to December 2020. Outside the US, 1.41% of firms account for the $US 30.7 trillion in net wealth creation.
- Published
- 2023
17. Evaluation Technologies in the Sphere of the Circulation of Art Objects (History of Assessing the Market Value of a Russian Painting)
- Author
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A. N. Tsatsulin
- Subjects
appraisal activity ,sphere of circulation ,art object ,pictorial canvas ,market value ,expertise ,attribution ,analysis of hierarchies ,criterion of significance ,national wealth ,insurance value ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,JF20-2112 - Abstract
The article deals with the problems of the domestic and foreign market of objects of art as objects of national heritage. The structure of the sphere of circulation of art objects is shown, participants and agents of the art values market are described. Particular attention is paid to the activities of world auction houses and galleries. Methodical approaches are specified and methods for estimating the market value of art objects, including objects of painting, are listed. The article illustrates the authors’ attempt to evaluate the cost of the most mystical pictorial canvas in the history of the national museum science “Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan” by the famous Russian artist I. E. Repin. The picture with a tragic-psychological plot was twice attacked by vandals with an interval of a hundred years and experienced a long-term costly restoration, even with not quite successful attraction of the author of this work.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. ASSESSING HUMAN CAPITAL WITHIN THE NATIONAL WEALTH OF UKRAINE.
- Author
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Lutchyn, Nataliya
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN capital , *CAPITAL cities , *ECONOMIC indicators - Abstract
The study of the category of national wealth is necessary because the wealth of the nation is an important indicator of the economic power and potential of the country. However, today there are no equal views regarding the definition of the essence of national wealth. The aim of the article is to study the concept and structure of national wealth, the methods of its assessment, and most importantly – the ways to increase the national wealth of Ukraine. The main objective of this article is also to highlight the approaches of human capital measures and assessing its importance in the structure of national wealth. The article highlights the modern understanding of the essence and value of the category ‘national wealth’. The evolution of the methodological approaches to assessing national wealth and determining its components is considered. The need to include human capital to the national wealth has been confirmed and substantiated. Bettering human capital benefits individuals and their country and leads to improved sustainability for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Self-construals predict personal life satisfaction with different strengths across societal contexts differing in national wealth and religious heritage
- Abstract
We explore to what extent previously observed pan-cultural association between dimensions of self-construal and personal life satisfaction (PLS) may be moderated by three national-contextual variables: national wealth, economic inequality, and religious heritage. The results showed that Self-reliance (vs. dependence on others) predicted PLS positively in poorer countries but negatively in richer countries. Connectedness to others (vs. self-containment) predicted PLS more strongly in Protestant-heritage countries. Selfexpression (vs. harmony) predicted PLS more weakly (and nonsignificantly) in Muslim-heritage countries. In contrast, previously reported associations of self-direction (vs. reception-to-influence), consistency (vs. variability), and decontextualized (vs. contextualized) self-understanding with personal life satisfaction were not significantly moderated by these aspects of societal context. These results show the importance of considering the impact of national religious and economic context
- Published
- 2023
20. National Accounting Review
- Subjects
national accounting ,macroeconomic analysis ,social accounting ,national wealth ,economic growth ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Published
- 2020
21. THE NATIONAL WEALTH OF THE STATE: ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CRITERIA
- Author
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Vyshnevska O. and Bobrovska N.
- Subjects
national wealth ,socio-economic development ,ecological and economic priorities ,globalization processes ,natural wealth of the territory ,national interests ,ecosystems ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Finance ,HG1-9999 - Abstract
Introduction. An important feature of wealth is the use of economic resources necessary for organization and support of human existence. Thus, the study of structural changes in the national wealth of the country becomes urgent because of the need to introduce priority directions of preservation of the resource base, ensuring the efficiency of use, which will promote the growth of macroeconomic stability. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence of the concept of “the national wealth”, generalization of processes and phenomena that have an impact on the macroeconomic stability of the state, taking into account the national wealth, its quantitative composition and qualitative content. Particularly relevant issue is the growing need to level the negative impact of globalization factors on the socio-economic development of the world states, the preservation of ecosystems. Results. The article substantiates the essence of the concept of “the national wealth” and generalizes the processes and phenomena that have an impact on the macroeconomic growth of the state, taking into account national wealth, its quantitative composition and qualitative content. It was investigated that the national wealth of the state is a set of components that provide opportunities for the development of the branches of the economy and the social sphere, support and guarantee national interests in view of the need to form a security environment, preserve the territorial integrity and mentality, the cultural heritage of the nation. The urgency of introducing measures to preserve the national wealth of the state is confirmed by the influence of globalization factors, the need to increase the competitive position in the global market. Conclusion. It is stipulated that state policy should be aimed at systematic implementation of the complex of actions that guarantee the national interests, preserve, increase the national wealth, and provide a safe economic and ecological space. The practical implementation of measures is to comply with social and ecological responsibility, fulfillment of duties by all market participants; growth of stability of development of market subjects, increase of competitive advantages; ensuring the development of territories, including through the intensification of the decentralization process; ensuring protection of the interests of citizens, preserving the traditions, mentality of the nation. Such an approach will guarantee the national security of the state, society through increased macroeconomic stability, economic stability.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. National Intellectual Capital Taxonomy
- Author
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Michalczuk Grażyna and Fiedorczuk Julita
- Subjects
development capital ,human capital ,national intangible assets ,national intellectual capital (nic) ,national wealth ,relation capital ,social capital ,structural capital ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
The concept of national intellectual capital (NIC) is in its early stage of development. NIC has a complicated and heterogeneous nature with NIC models displaying varying levels of aggregation and structure as well as inconsistent accuracy. As a result, the authors’ standpoints differ according to definition and NIC taxonomy. The aim of this article is to analyze NIC taxonomy and to organize and classify the scattered and often inadvertent intangible generators of the country’s wealth. The results of the research confirm a lack of a generally accepted definitional and taxonomic approach to NIC making a search for an acceptable solution necessary since without it the measurement and comparability of results or even the management and control of the intellectual capital of the country will not be possible. Besides contemplating the existing approaches of NIC division, the authors create their own NIC taxonomy and describe its components by presenting an original understanding of NIC components. This is extremely important because the subject of NIC has not yet been scientifically sufficiently exhausted.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The Capitalization of Intellectual Property as an Important Factor of Economic Development of the Republic of Dagestan
- Author
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Rasul Alikadievich Amirov and Zeydula Kadimalievich Yuzbekov
- Subjects
intellectual development ,intellectual capacity ,intellectual property ,market capitalization of intellectual property ,innovative economy ,national wealth ,economic development ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,JF20-2112 - Abstract
In today’s world there is a rapid process of intellectualization of the economy. With limited natural resources intellectual property is one of the main engines of the modern economy. The capitalization of intellectual property is highly relevant given the increasing significance of results of intellectual activity as the transition to an innovative economy. The capitalization of intellectual property at the regional level has not been studied. In the Republic of Dagestan has accumulated a scientific and technical, creative potential, including the technical, technological, industrial, scientific, creative intellectual activity, which represent a certain value on the domestic and foreign markets. There is a lack in the region, a key element in the formation of an innovative economy - intellectual property market. The authors are needed to proposals involving intellectual property into economic circulation. In conclusion, the authors concluded that the efficient use of the intellectual potential to be an important resource for economic development, will enable the republic to obtain real economic income, which is extremely important in terms of subsidies republican budget.
- Published
- 2018
24. The Wealth and Competitiveness of National Economic Systems Moderates the Importance of Big Five Personality Dimensions for Life Satisfaction of Employed Persons in 18 Nations.
- Author
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Bond, Michael Harris, Lu, Qing, Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, and Smith, Peter B.
- Abstract
Measures of personality have been shown to predict employee satisfaction at work and in life, but these findings arise mostly from research conducted in national cultures of Anglo heritage. To broaden the generality of such findings, we explore the relationships between Big Five dimensions of personality and satisfaction with life across representative samples of 13,265 employed persons in 18 nations. We argue that the strength of relationships between these personality dimensions and life satisfaction will be moderated by a national economic culture characterized by wealth and by competitiveness, since employees derive their satisfaction with life from the personality qualities especially valued in such economic systems. Using data from the World Values Survey and its Wave 6 short-form measure of the Big Five, we find that the dimensions of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability predict higher life satisfaction pan-nationally for employed persons. Cross-level moderation effects were found: national wealth enhances the linkage of conscientiousness and emotional stability to life satisfaction; agreeableness links to life satisfaction in wealthier but not in poorer nations; extroversion predicts life satisfaction in more competitive nations but not in less competitive nations. To explain this variability in the relationships of Big Five personality dimensions with the life satisfaction of employed persons, we reason that the national cultures of wealth and of competitiveness surrounding working life establish an incentive context within which enactments of these personality dispositions will generate greater social and personal rewards from the experience of work, yielding higher levels of life satisfaction among employed persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. THE ECONOMIC FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND POVERTY
- Author
-
Inessa Sytnik, Artem Stopochkin, and Bogdan Sytnik
- Subjects
poverty ,social inequality ,national wealth ,distribution system ,middle class ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 - Abstract
The purpose of the study is to determine the main factors and prerequisites for inequality and poverty of the population of Ukraine, as well as to identify the main consequences of this phenomenon and finding out of the main directions of the socio-economic policy of the state. Methodology. The article considers theoretical approaches to the definition of social inequality and poverty, as well as issues with fair distribution of national wealth. The results of the study confirmed the thesis of the authors that the problems of poverty and social inequality adversely affect the functioning of national socio-economic systems. It is proved that the most effective state is one which has a broad layer of the middle class, which ensures the rationalization of consumption, saving and investment processes. Practical significance. Based on official statistical data of the main macroeconomic indicators of the state development, this article studies main trends in the development of Ukrainian economy and its social component. The coefficients of the correlation dependence between the indicators of development of the social and economic systems of Ukraine are calculated and conclusions regarding the absence of a state system of equal distribution of national wealth are drawn. Value/originality. The result of the study is a statement about the need to modernize and reform the existing system of redistribution of national wealth in Ukraine with a view to reducing poverty and social inequality in the country.
- Published
- 2017
26. Saudi Arabia
- Author
-
Tesfamichael, Dawit, Rossing, Peter, Riegl, Bernhard, Series editor, Dodge, Richard E., Series editor, Tesfamichael, Dawit, editor, and Pauly, Daniel, editor
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Emergence and Development of Work-Integrated Learning (WIL): Implications for Assessment, Quality and Quality Assurance in Higher Education
- Author
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Smith, Calvin D., Ng, Chi-hung Clarence, editor, Fox, Robert, editor, and Nakano, Michiko, editor
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Trading in bias: investigating Malaysia’s humanist linkages
- Author
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Magcamit, Michael Intal, Shaw, Timothy, Series editor, and Magcamit, Michael Intal
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Value Judgments Regarding the Meaning of Wealth
- Author
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Mitchell, Robert E. and Mitchell, Robert E.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Perceived national wealth increases support for structural climate policies.
- Author
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Klebl, Christoph and Jetten, Jolanda
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy on climate change ,DUTY ,CLIMATE change ,GESTALT psychology ,PUBLIC support - Abstract
Climate change cannot be successfully mitigated solely through individual-level actions. Structural change is urgently needed. While wealthy countries have the greatest capacity to implement structural change, the question remains to what extent perceived country wealth is associated with support for structural climate policies over individual-level behaviour change policies. We found in Australian (Study 1) and UK (Study 2) samples (N = 967) that perceived national wealth positively predicts people's support for structural (vs. individual-level behaviour) change policies. In an experimental (Study 3, N = 401) and a quasi-experimental study (Study 4, N = 400; comparing South African and UK participants), we found that people in both wealthy and poor countries more strongly prefer wealthy (vs. poor) countries to implement structural (vs. individual-level behaviour) change policies. There was some evidence that these effects are mediated by perceiving wealthy countries to have a moral obligation to contribute to the solution of global issues. The findings suggest that there is considerable public support for wealthy countries to spearhead structural transformations to limit climate change. These insights can help environmental organisations and policymakers to gain public support for climate policies by emphasising their countries' moral obligation to implement change and by countering blame-deflecting narratives. • Perceived national wealth increases support for structural climate policies. • Moral obligation to contribute to the solution of global issues mediates the effect. • Emphasising wealthy countries' moral duty can boost climate policy support. • Highlights the importance for psychology to focus on structural climate solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Self-construals predict personal life satisfaction with different strengths across societal contexts differing in national wealth and religious heritage
- Author
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Ángel Sánchez-Rodríguez, Vivian L. Vignoles, Michael Harris Bond, Mladen Adamovic, Charity S. Akotia, Isabelle Albert, Lily Appoh, Arno Baltin, Pablo Eduardo Barrientos, Patrick Denoux, Alejandra Domínguez-Espinosa, Carla Sofia Esteves, Márta Fülöp, Vladimer Gamsakhurdia, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, Alin Gavreliuc, Diana Hanke-Boer, Brian W. Haas, David O. Igbokwe, İ̇dil Işık, Natalia Kascakova, Lucie Klůzová Kračmárová, Agata Kocimska-Zych, Aleksandra Kosiarczyk, Olga Kostoula, Nicole Kronberger, Kuba Krys, Anna Kwiatkowska, J. Hannah Lee, Xinhui Liu, Magdalena Łużniak-Piecha, Arina Malyonova, Fridanna Maricchiolo, Arévalo Mira, Tamara Mohorić, Oriana Mosca, Elke Murdock, Nur Fariza Mustaffa, Vivian Miu-Chi Lun, Martin Nader, Azar Nadi, Ayu Okvitawanli, Yvette van Osch, Joonha Park, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Zoran Pavlović, Iva Poláčková Šolcová, Eric Raymond Igou, Muhammad Rizwan, Vladyslav Romashov, Espen Røysamb, Ruta Sargautyte, Beate Schwarz, Heyla A. Selim, Ursula Serdarevich, David Sirlopú, Maria Stogianni, Stanislava Stoyanova, Chien-Ru Sun, Julien Teyssier, Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg, Claudio Torres, Yukiko Uchida, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Cai Xing, John M. Zelenski, Department of Social Psychology, Rapid Social and Cultural Transformation: Online & Offline, Sánchez-Rodríguez, Ángel, Vignoles, Vivian L., Bond, Michael Harri, Adamovic, Mladen, Akotia, Charity S., Albert, Isabelle, Appoh, Lily, Baltin, Arno, Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo, Denoux, Patrick, Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Fülöp, Márta, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B., Gavreliuc, Alin, Hanke-Boer, Diana, Haas, Brian W., Igbokwe, David O., Işık, İ̇dil, Kascakova, Natalia, Klůzová Kračmárová, Lucie, Kocimska-Zych, Agata, Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra, Kostoula, Olga, Kronberger, Nicole, Krys, Kuba, Kwiatkowska, Anna, Lee, J. Hannah, Liu, Xinhui, Łużniak-Piecha, Magdalena, Malyonova, Arina, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Mira, Arévalo, Mohorić, Tamara, Mosca, Oriana, Murdock, Elke, Mustaffa, Nur Fariza, Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Nader, Martin, Nadi, Azar, Okvitawanli, Ayu, van Osch, Yvette, Park, Joonha, Pavlopoulos, Vassili, Pavlović, Zoran, Poláčková Šolcová, Iva, Igou, Eric Raymond, Rizwan, Muhammad, Romashov, Vladyslav, Røysamb, Espen, Sargautyte, Ruta, Schwarz, Beate, Selim, Heyla A., Serdarevich, Ursula, Sirlopú, David, Stogianni, Maria, Stoyanova, Stanislava, Sun, Chien-Ru, Teyssier, Julien, van Tilburg, Wijnand A. P., Torres, Claudio, Uchida, Yukiko, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Xing, Cai, and Zelenski, John M.
- Subjects
Multicomponentself-construal ,Economic inequality ,Religious heritage ,Multicomponent self-construal ,National wealth ,Personal life satisfaction ,General Psychology - Abstract
We explore to what extent previously observed pan-cultural association between dimensions of self-construal and personal life satisfaction (PLS) may be moderated by three national-contextual variables: national wealth, economic inequality, and religious heritage. The results showed that MSelf-reliance (vs. dependence on others) predicted PLSpositively in poorer countries but negatively in richer countries. Connectedness to others (vs. self-containment) predicted PLS more strongly in Protestant-heritage countries. Self-expression (vs. harmony) predicted PLS more weakly (and non-significantly) in Muslim-heritage countries. In contrast, previously reported associations of self-direction (vs. reception-to-influence), consistency (vs. variability), and decontextualized (vs. contextualized) self-understanding with personal life satisfaction were not significantly moderated by these aspects of societal context. These results show the importance of considering the impact of national religious and economic context.
- Published
- 2023
32. The Traditional Theory of Moral Capital in Chinese Intellectual History
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Wang, Xiaoxi and Wang, Xiaoxi
- Published
- 2015
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33. CONSTRUCTION OF A DYNAMIC INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL WITH A HUMAN CAPITAL BLOCK
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Baranov A. O., Pavlov V. N., and Slepenkova Yu. M.
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межотраслевой анализ ,динамическая межотраслевая модель ,человеческий капитал ,национальное богатство ,экономикаРоссии ,input-output analysis ,dynamic input-output model ,human capital ,national wealth ,Russian economy ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
The accumulation of human capital is an important factor of economic growth. It seems to be useful to include «human capital» as a factor of a macroeconomic model, as it helps to take into account the quality differentiation of the workforce. Most of the models usually distinguish labor force by the levels of education, while some of the factors remain unaccounted. Among them are health status and culture development level, which influence productivity level as well as gross product reproduction. Inclusion of the human capital block to the interindustry model can help to make it more reliable for economic development forecasting. The article presents a mathematical description of the extended dynamic input-output model (DIOM) with a human capital block. The extended DIOM is based on the Input-Output Model from The KAMIN system (the System of Integrated Analyses of Interindustrial Information) developed at the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation and at the Novosibirsk State University. The extended input-output model can be used to analyze and forecast development of Russian economy.
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- 2017
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34. Человеческий капитал в системе национального богатства
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модель ,model ,threats ,human environment ,withdraw from economic use ,national wealth ,эффективность администрирования ,экономизация ,человеческий капитал ,среда обитания человека ,материальные активы территории ,риск ,вывод из хозяйственного оборота ,национальное богатство ,social and economic development ,социально-экономическое развитие ,угрозы ,economization ,value ,efficiency of administration ,human capital ,tangible assets of the territory ,стоимость ,risk - Abstract
Механизм взаимодействия человека со средой его обитания раскрывается через систему балансов, в которой наряду с экономическим потенциалом населения территории находят отражение факторы системного взаимодействия людей, проживающих за ее пределами. Отмечается, что превращение окружающего мира в экономику, помимо ожидаемых благ, приносит и непредвиденные угрозы, вследствие которых может быть утрачен человеческий капитал, а с ним и часть экономически значимых ценностей среды обитания. В локальном масштабе, инструментом оперативного мониторинга этих угроз является наблюдение за состоянием и тенденциями изменения человеческого капитала. При этом адекватным реагированием на данные мониторинга должны быть меры по реабилитации тех компонент среды обитания, которые подвержены риску вывода из хозяйственного оборота., The authors consider the mechanism of human interaction with the environment as a system of balances that, along with the economic potential of the population of the territory, reflects the factors of systemic interaction of people living outside it. The authors note that the transformation of the surrounding world into an economy, in addition to the expected benefits, also brings unforeseen threats, and because of that human capital may be lost, along with part of the economically significant values of the environment. On a local scale, the tool for operational monitoring of these threats is to observe the state and trends of changes in human capital. At the same time, an adequate response to monitoring data should be measures to rehabilitate those components of the habitat that are at risk of being withdrawn from economic use.
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- 2023
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35. Rent-Seeking Activities in Schumpeterian and Marxian Socio-Political Dynamics
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Dompere, Kofi Kissi, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series editor, and Dompere, Kofi Kissi
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- 2014
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36. Gauging fiscal worlds: how the EU countries balanced equality and wealth between 2007 and 2016.
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Damonte, Alessia and Negri, Fedra
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INCOME inequality ,WEALTH ,BOOLEAN algebra ,FUZZY sets ,FISCAL policy ,PRESSURE gages - Abstract
Can income equality and national wealth go hand in hand? This issue has long marked the distance between the neoliberal and the social democratic policy paradigms. By combining so far unrelated streams of literature, we sketch a theoretical framework in which fiscal policies shape four "fiscal worlds", each of them characterized by a special balance between income equality and national wealth. Then, we resort to Boolean algebra and fuzzy sets to develop a measure that encompasses both these policy outcomes at once without assuming any a priori functional relationship. Last, we assess the heuristic capacity of our measure by mapping the EU countries' membership to the four fiscal worlds from 2007 until 2016 and the trajectories they followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Affluence and Subjective Well-Being: Does Income Inequality Moderate their Associations?
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Ng, Weiting and Diener, Ed
- Abstract
Using the Gallup World Poll data, we examined whether national income inequality moderated the effects of affluence on individual subjective well-being (SWB). Multilevel analyses found that people reported higher life evaluation in years when their nation had higher GDP. Between-nation effects showed that people in wealthier nations reported greater SWB (but also more negative feelings) than those in poorer nations. Furthermore, people in unequal nations (i.e., greater income inequality) reported higher life evaluation and positive feelings than those in more equal nations. National income inequality also moderated the effects of individual-level income on SWB— income showed stronger associations with SWB in more equal nations than in nations with higher income inequality. People who earned higher incomes had higher life evaluation and positive feelings, and lower negative feelings than those who earned lower incomes, but the effects were stronger in more equal nations. These findings suggest that money matters less to the SWB of people in unequal nations than those in equal nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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38. What causes nations to recover from disasters? An inquiry into the role of wealth, income inequality, and social welfare provisioning.
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Tselios, Vassilis and Tompkins, Emma L.
- Abstract
Abstract Disasters affect significant numbers of people in the poorest parts of the world. The main impediment to progress in reducing the extent of disaster outcomes appears to come from inabilities to address macro-economic drivers of vulnerability. This study examines the association between three key drivers of vulnerability, i.e. wealth/poverty, income inequality and the absence/presence of social welfare systems, and short-term and long-term disaster outcomes. Drawing on lengthy time-series data, we apply a data driven approach, focusing only on those countries that have experienced major natural or technological disasters, to generate new understanding of these drivers. Our study finds that in relation to natural hazards: less developed countries experience worse human impacts than more developed countries; developed countries suffer larger economic losses; countries with greater levels of income inequality have more people affected than in more equal countries; and social welfare (using both Sen's indexes and public social spending) in OECD countries appears to reduce the human impacts of disasters. We also conclude that the human impacts of natural disasters delay economic growth in poor countries. For the technological hazard-associated disasters, while there is no evidence that national wealth and income inequality determine human impacts, we find that larger human impacts in poor countries undermines economic growth. Our key finding is the unequivocal and central role of income inequality in shaping disaster outcomes. Future research and policy on disaster risk reduction has to acknowledge this 'elephant in the room'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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39. Cultural and Interviewer Effects on Interview Privacy: Individualism and National Wealth.
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Mneimneh, Zeina N., Elliott, Michael R., Tourangeau, Roger, and Heeringa, Steven G.
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- *
CULTURE , *INDIVIDUALITY , *INTERVIEWING , *MEDICAL ethics , *PRIVACY , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
Privacy (or the lack of it) is an important feature of the interview. Researchers rely on interviewers to ensure a private setting. In reality, interviewers are guests in respondents’ homes and might find it difficult to achieve privacy. Thus, a substantial proportion of interviews are conducted in the presence of a third party. We investigate whether there are cultural and interviewer variations in interview privacy and whether respondent characteristics associated with interview privacy vary by culture. We analyzed data from 14 countries. The results highlight the direct and indirect role the country-level characteristics (level of individualism and wealth) play in explaining cultural differences in rates of interview privacy and the significant between-interviewer variation in interview privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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40. Re-estimating national wealth inequality with incorporating the rich lists in China
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Chuliang Luo and Guoqiang Chen
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education.field_of_study ,Inequality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,General Engineering ,Pareto principle ,symbols.namesake ,Household survey ,symbols ,Econometrics ,Economics ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,National wealth ,Pareto distribution ,education ,Robustness (economics) ,China ,General Environmental Science ,media_common - Abstract
Using the two annual rich lists of Forbes and Hurun, this study estimated the parameters of Pareto distribution to describe the features of the top tail of the wealth distribution. The wealth inequality for the whole population was re-estimated by the combination of estimated Pareto distribution and household surveys, CHIP2013, CFPS2012 and CFPS2016. The robustness of estimated Pareto coefficients and the possibility of the rich missing from the lists were also discussed in detail. The wealth inequality for the whole population was estimated at different assumptions on the combination of the top tail of wealth distribution and the household survey. The wealth Gini in the CHIP and CFPS data were as high as 0.619 and 0.736. The estimated wealth Gini minorly increased by the combination with the top tail of wealth distribution by the relative criterion, while exceeded 0.8 by the absolute criterion.
- Published
- 2021
41. National wealth and private poverty through civil law? a review of the book 'The Code of Capital' by Katharina Pistor
- Author
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Hans-Bernd Schäfer
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Conflict of laws ,Capital (economics) ,Political science ,Civil law (legal system) ,Corporate law ,Commercial law ,Private law ,Property law ,National wealth ,Business and International Management ,Law ,Law and economics - Abstract
The central thesis of Katharina Pistor's book is that private law, in conjunction with its increasingly global outreach, serves the interests of the rich and enables “rule by law” (p. 205) rather than a “rule of the law”. The rules of contract law, corporate law, insolvency law, property law and private international law are of particular importance in this regard. According to the author, these areas of the law shape or "encode" the domination of resources and capital in ways that increase wealth and inequality. The book seeks to understand, from a jurisprudential perspective, disruptive economic developments such as the Lehman crisis, rising inequality and the lagging of wages behind general economic development in the US and Western industrialised economies, and it makes proposals for legal policy. The English version, published in 2019, has been widely discussed and largely positively reviewed. This essay presents a decidedly critical perspective. It does not doubt important lines of thought in the book but questions central statements and hypotheses made in it.
- Published
- 2021
42. Prospect of hydrogen energy in Asia-Pacific: A perspective review on techno-socio-economy nexus
- Author
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Muhammad Aziz and H.B. Aditiya
- Subjects
Index (economics) ,Primary energy ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy (esotericism) ,Rebuttal ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Social security ,Fuel Technology ,Development economics ,National wealth ,Business ,Energy source ,Nexus (standard) - Abstract
This paper reviews the prospect to institute the inter-state hydrogen energy system on selected countries in Asia-Pacific region, through individual evaluation from the nexus of technology, social and economy perspectives, and further utilizing the respective strengths to identify the inter-state hydrogen network strategy in Asia-Pacific region, or ‘Asia-Pacific Hydrogen Valley’. Domestic energy self-sufficiency based on the existing energy sources produced nationally is also considered in the review. In looking into the prospective of hydrogen energy system adoption, four indicators are set based on domestic energy capacity, national wealth, society development and research and development (R&D), which are generalized according to the population size of the country. Countries of assessment are Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. This study reveals that nations with active hydrogen policies and high R&D capacity could lead the strategy, while countries with high capacity in primary energy supply and economy advantage would benefit the group in catering the energy and commercial resources, respectively. Social acceptance is another critical aspect, as countries with high social security index could potentially reduce the risk of public rebuttal against the energy system transformation. This paper also extensively discusses the existing energy profile, policies and strategies of each country, which become the basis in potential identification of the country to adopt the new hydrogen energy system in the future.
- Published
- 2021
43. Periodic Problems of the National Statistical System
- Author
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Editor Academic Journals &Amp; Conferences
- Subjects
transparency ,census ,its principles ,statistics ,national wealth ,independence ,relevance ,confidentiality ,Digital economy - Abstract
The article focused on the development of statistics, and its role in the digital economy, as well as some of the problems and shortcomings of the development of the statistical system and ways to overcome them. The main principles of the statistical system and the priority of following these principles in the development of the country's economy are emphasized.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The wealth-consumption channel: evidence from a panel of Spanish households
- Author
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Pedro Trivín
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Consumption function ,Wealth distribution ,Marginal propensity to consume out of wealth ,Household survey ,Panel data ,Income expectations ,Settore SECS-P/02 - Politica Economica ,Settore SECS-P/06 - Economia Applicata ,Market liquidity ,Precautionary savings ,Wealth effect ,Econometrics ,Economics ,National wealth ,D12 ,Volatility (finance) ,Settore SECS-P/01 - Economia Politica ,Marginal propensity to consume ,E21 ,G51 ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Understanding the way households modify their consumption is essential to address the impact of different economic policies. In this paper we use a panel of Spanish households spanning the period 2002-2011 to study the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) out of wealth. The wealth effect is identified by exploiting within-household variations in a period of relatively large volatility in asset prices. We estimate a MPC out of total wealth of around 1 cent with changes in housing wealth affecting consumption more than other assets. We also find supporting evidence on the concavity of the consumption function, showing that the MPC is a decreasing function of net wealth. Finally, in line with theoretical models accounting for liquidity constraints and precautionary savings, our results confirm the existence of sign and magnitude asymmetries in the MPC.
- Published
- 2022
45. The Growth of Wealth
- Author
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Marshall, Alfred and Marshall, Alfred
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Wealth
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Marshall, Alfred and Marshall, Alfred
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The Transformation of Great Power Politics
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Baron, Joshua and Baron, Joshua
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Capitalism and Socialism: The Fatal Conceit
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Rayman, R. A. and Rayman, R. A.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Citizens’ Capital Accounts: A Proposal
- Author
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Widerquist, Karl, Widerquist, Karl, editor, and Howard, Michael W., editor
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Economic and Cognitive Rationality in Political Behaviour
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Viale, Riccardo and Viale, Riccardo
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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