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3. List of contributors

Author

Bartaloš, Tomáš, primary, Belmonte, Antonella, additional, Ben Dor, Eyal, additional, Bertalan, László, additional, Brook, Anna, additional, Castrignanò, Annamaria, additional, Ciraolo, Giuseppe, additional, Dal Sasso, Silvano F., additional, Eltner, Anette, additional, Francos, Nicolas, additional, Gago, Xurxo, additional, Gonçalves, Gil, additional, Herban, Sorin, additional, Johansen, Kasper, additional, Kent, Rafi, additional, Ljubiči, Robert, additional, Maddock, Ian, additional, Maltese, Antonino, additional, Manfreda, Salvatore, additional, McCabe, Matthew F., additional, Michez, Adrien, additional, Mokroš, Martin, additional, Mücher, Sander, additional, Müllerová, Jana, additional, Nasta, Paolo, additional, Paulus, Gernot, additional, Peña-Haro, Salvador, additional, Perks, Matthew T., additional, Petropoulos, George P., additional, Pizarro, Alonso, additional, Romano, Nunzio, additional, Strelnikova, Dariia, additional, Su, Zhongbo, additional, Szabó, Brigitta, additional, Tauro, Flavia, additional, Tmušić, Goran, additional, Zeng, Yijian, additional, and Zhuang, Ruodan, additional

Published
2023
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5. HESS Opinions: Towards a common vision for the future of hydrological observatories.

Author

Nasta, Paolo, Blöschl, Günter, Bogena, Heye R., Zacharias, Steffen, Baatz, Roland, De Lannoy, Gabriëlle, Jensen, Karsten H., Manfreda, Salvatore, Pfister, Laurent, Tarquis, Ana M., van Meerveld, Ilja, Voltz, Marc, Zeng, Yijian, Kustas, William, Li, Xin, Vereecken, Harry, and Romano, Nunzio

Subjects
RESEARCH vessels, PHYSICAL laws, HYPOTHESIS, DATA management, OBSERVATORIES
Abstract

The Unsolved Problems in Hydrology (UPH) initiative has emphasized the need to establish networks of multi-decadal hydrological observatories to gain a deep understanding of the complex hydrologic processes occurring within diverse environmental conditions. The already existing monitoring infrastructures have provided an enormous amount of hydrometeorological data, facilitating detailed insights into the causal mechanisms of hydrological processes, the testing of scientific theories and hypotheses, and the revelation of the physical laws governing catchment behavior. Yet, hydrological monitoring programs have often produced limited outcomes due to the intermittent availability of financial resources and the substantial efforts required to operate observatories and conduct comparative studies to advance previous findings. Recently, some initiatives have emerged that aim to coordinate data acquisition and hypothesis testing to facilitate an efficient cross-site synthesis of findings. To this end, a common vision and practical data management solutions need to be developed. This opinion paper provocatively discusses two potential endmembers of a future hydrological observatory (HO) network based on a given hypothesized community budget: a comprehensive set of moderately instrumented observatories or, alternatively, a small number of highly instrumented supersites. A network of moderately instrumented monitoring sites would provide a broad spatial coverage across the major pedoclimatic regions by supporting cross-site synthesis of the lumped hydrological response (e.g., rainfall–runoff relationship, Budyko analysis) across diverse continental landscapes. However, the moderate instrumentation at each site may hamper an in-depth understanding of complex hydrological processes. In contrast, a small number of extensively instrumented research sites would enable community-based experiments in an unprecedented manner, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of complex, non-linear processes modulated by scale-dependent feedback and multiscale spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Lumping resources has proven to be an effective strategy in other geosciences, e.g., research vessels in oceanography and drilling programs in geology. On the downside, a potential limitation of this approach is that a few catchments will not be representative of all pedoclimatic regions, necessitating the consideration of generalization issues. A discussion on the relative merits and limitations of these two visions regarding HOs is presented to build consensus on the optimal path for the hydrological community to address the UPH in the coming decades. A final synthesis proposes the potential for integrating the two endmembers into a flexible management strategy. Keywords: hydrological observatory network, experimental catchments, cross-site synthesis, hypothesis testing vs. exploratory science, unsolved problems in hydrology, societal needs, technology advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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9. HESS Opinions: Towards a common vision for the future of hydrological observatories

Author

Nasta, Paolo, primary, Blöschl, Günter, additional, Bogena, Heye R., additional, Zacharias, Steffen, additional, Baatz, Roland, additional, De Lannoy, Gabriëlle, additional, Jensen, Karsten H., additional, Manfreda, Salvatore, additional, Pfister, Laurent, additional, Tarquis, Ana M., additional, van Meerveld, Ilja, additional, Voltz, Marc, additional, Zeng, Yijian, additional, Kustas, William, additional, Li, Xin, additional, Vereecken, Harry, additional, and Romano, Nunzio, additional

Published
2024
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11. Mapping Soil Organic Carbon Stock Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: A Case Study in the Sele River Plain in Southern Italy

Author

Francos, Nicolas, primary, Nasta, Paolo, additional, Allocca, Carolina, additional, Sica, Benedetto, additional, Mazzitelli, Caterina, additional, Lazzaro, Ugo, additional, D’Urso, Guido, additional, Belfiore, Oscar Rosario, additional, Crimaldi, Mariano, additional, Sarghini, Fabrizio, additional, Ben-Dor, Eyal, additional, and Romano, Nunzio, additional

Published
2024
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14. Prediction of spatially variable unsaturated hydraulic conductivity using scaled particle‐size distribution functions

Author

Nasta, Paolo, Romano, Nunzio, Assouline, Shmuel, Vrugt, Jasper A, and Hopmans, Jan W

Subjects
soil water retention, unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity, particle-size distribution, pedotransfer function, spatial variability, simultaneous scaling, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering
Abstract

Simultaneous scaling of soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions provides an effective means to characterize the heterogeneity and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties in a given study area. The statistical significance of this approach largely depends on the number of soil samples collected. Unfortunately, direct measurement of the soil hydraulic functions is tedious, expensive and time consuming. Here we present a simple and cost-effective hybrid scaling approach that combines the use of ancillary information (e.g., particle-size distribution and soil bulk density) with direct measurements of saturated soil water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Our results demonstrate that the presented approach requires far fewer laboratory measurements than conventional scaling methods to adequately capture the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties. © 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Published
2013

20. Quantifying irrigation uptake in olive trees: a proof-of-concept approach combining isotope tracing and Hydrus-1D

Author

Nasta, Paolo, primary, Todini-Zicavo, Diego, additional, Zuecco, Giulia, additional, Marchina, Chiara, additional, Penna, Daniele, additional, McDonnell, Jeffrey J., additional, Amin, Anam, additional, Allocca, Carolina, additional, Marzaioli, Fabio, additional, Stellato, Luisa, additional, Borga, Marco, additional, and Romano, Nunzio, additional

Published
2023
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23. Quantifying irrigation uptake in olive trees: a proof-of-concept approach combining isotope tracing and Hydrus-1D

Author

Nasta, Paolo, Todini-Zicavo, Diego, Zuecco, Giulia, Marchina, Chiara, Penna, Daniele, McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Amin, Anam, Allocca, Carolina, Marzaioli, Fabio, Stellato, Luisa, Borga, Marco, and Romano, Nunzio

Abstract

An isotope-enabled module of Hydrus-1D was applied to a potted olive tree to trace water parcels originating from 26 irrigation events in a glasshouse experiment. The soil hydraulic parameters were optimised via inverse modelling by minimising the discrepancies between observed and simulated soil water content and soil water isotope (δ18O) values at three soil depths. The model’s performance was validated with observed sap flow z-scores and xylem water δ18O. We quantified the source and transit time of irrigation water by analysing the mass breakthrough curves derived from a virtual tracer injection experiment. On average, 26 % of irrigation water was removed by plant transpiration with a mean transit time of 94 hours. Our proof of concept work suggests that transit time may represent a functional indicator for the uptake of irrigation water in agricultural ecosystems.

Published
2023
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30. Statistical Exploration of SENTINEL-1 Data, Terrain Parameters, and in-situ Data for Estimating the Near-Surface Soil Moisture in a Mediterranean Agroecosystem

Author

Schönbrodt-Stitt, Sarah, Ahmadian, Nima, Conrad, Christopher, Kurtenbach, Markus, Romano, Nunzio, Bogena, Heye, Vereecken, Harry, Nasta, Paolo, Schönbrodt-Stitt, Sarah, Ahmadian, Nima, Kurtenbach, Marku, Conrad, Christopher, Romano, Nunzio, Bogena, Heye R., Vereecken, Harry, and Nasta, Paolo

Subjects
terrain parameters, Sentinel-1 single-look complex data, near-surface soil moisture, Alento hydrological observatory, Mediterranean environment, ddc:333.7, near-surface soil moisture, Sentinel-1 single-look complex data, SAR backscatters, terrain parameters, Alento hydrological observatory, Mediterranean environment, SAR backscatters, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, ddc:526, TD1-1066
Abstract

Reliable near-surface soil moisture (θ) information is crucial for supporting risk assessment of future water usage, particularly considering the vulnerability of agroforestry systems of Mediterranean environments to climate change. We propose a simple empirical model by integrating dual-polarimetric Sentinel-1 (S1) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) C-band single-look complex data and topographic information together with in-situ measurements of θ into a random forest (RF) regression approach (10-fold cross-validation). Firstly, we compare two RF models' estimation performances using either 43 SAR parameters (θNov\(^{SAR}\)) or the combination of 43 SAR and 10 terrain parameters (θNov\(^{SAR+Terrain}\)). Secondly, we analyze the essential parameters in estimating and mapping θ for S1 overpasses twice a day (at 5 a.m. and 5 p.m.) in a high spatiotemporal (17 × 17 m; 6 days) resolution. The developed site-specific calibration-dependent model was tested for a short period in November 2018 in a field-scale agroforestry environment belonging to the “Alento” hydrological observatory in southern Italy. Our results show that the combined SAR + terrain model slightly outperforms the SAR-based model (θNov\(^{SAR+Terrain}\) with 0.025 and 0.020 m3 m\(^{−3}\), and 89% compared to θNov\(^{SAR}\) with 0.028 and 0.022 m\(^3\) m\(^{−3}\, and 86% in terms of RMSE, MAE, and R2). The higher explanatory power for θNov\(^{SAR+Terrain}\) is assessed with time-variant SAR phase information-dependent elements of the C2 covariance and Kennaugh matrix (i.e., K1, K6, and K1S) and with local (e.g., altitude above channel network) and compound topographic attributes (e.g., wetness index). Our proposed methodological approach constitutes a simple empirical model aiming at estimating θ for rapid surveys with high accuracy. It emphasizes potentials for further improvement (e.g., higher spatiotemporal coverage of ground-truthing) by identifying differences of SAR measurements between S1 overpasses in the morning and afternoon.

Published
2021
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31. COSMOS-Europe: a European network of cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture sensors

Author

Bogena, Heye Reemt, Schrön, Martin, Jakobi, Jannis, Ney, Patrizia, Zacharias, Steffen, Andreasen, Mie, Baatz, Roland, Boorman, David, Duygu, Mustafa Berk, Eguibar-Galán, Miguel Angel, Fersch, Benjamin, Franke, Till, Geris, Josie, González Sanchis, María, Kerr, Yann, Korf, Tobias, Mengistu, Zalalem, Mialon, Arnaud, Nasta, Paolo, Nitychoruk, Jerzy, Pisinaras, Vassilios, Rasche, Daniel, Rosolem, Rafael, Said, Hami, Schattan, Paul, Zreda, Marek, Achleitner, Stefan, Albentosa-Hernández, Eduardo, Akyürek, Zuhal, Blume, Theresa, del Campo, Antonio, Canone, Davide, Dimitrova-Petrova, Katya, Evans, John G., Ferraris, Stefano, Frances, Félix, Gisolo, Davide, Güntner, Andreas, Herrmann, Frank, Iwema, Joost, Jensen, Karsten H., Kunstmann, Harald, Lidón, Antonio, Looms, Majken Caroline, Oswald, Sascha, Panagopoulos, Andreas, Patil, Amol, Power, Daniel, Rebmann, Corinna, Romano, Nunzio, Scheiffele, Lena, Seneviratne, Sonia, Weltin, Georg, Vereecken, Harry, Bogena, Heye Reemt, Schrön, Martin, Jakobi, Jannis, Ney, Patrizia, Zacharias, Steffen, Andreasen, Mie, Baatz, Roland, Boorman, David, Duygu, Mustafa Berk, Eguibar-Galán, Miguel Angel, Fersch, Benjamin, Franke, Till, Geris, Josie, González Sanchis, María, Kerr, Yann, Korf, Tobias, Mengistu, Zalalem, Mialon, Arnaud, Nasta, Paolo, Nitychoruk, Jerzy, Pisinaras, Vassilios, Rasche, Daniel, Rosolem, Rafael, Said, Hami, Schattan, Paul, Zreda, Marek, Achleitner, Stefan, Albentosa-Hernández, Eduardo, Akyürek, Zuhal, Blume, Theresa, del Campo, Antonio, Canone, Davide, Dimitrova-Petrova, Katya, Evans, John G., Ferraris, Stefano, Frances, Félix, Gisolo, Davide, Güntner, Andreas, Herrmann, Frank, Iwema, Joost, Jensen, Karsten H., Kunstmann, Harald, Lidón, Antonio, Looms, Majken Caroline, Oswald, Sascha, Panagopoulos, Andreas, Patil, Amol, Power, Daniel, Rebmann, Corinna, Romano, Nunzio, Scheiffele, Lena, Seneviratne, Sonia, Weltin, Georg, and Vereecken, Harry

Abstract

Climate change increases the occurrence and severity of droughts due to increasing temperatures, altered circulation patterns, and reduced snow occurrence. While Europe has suffered from drought events in the last decade unlike ever seen since the beginning of weather recordings, harmonized long-term datasets across the continent are needed to monitor change and support predictions. Here we present soil moisture data from 66 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) in Europe (COSMOS-Europe for short) covering recent drought events. The CRNS sites are distributed across Europe and cover all major land use types and climate zones in Europe. The raw neutron count data from the CRNS stations were provided by 24 research institutions and processed using state-of-the-art methods. The harmonized processing included correction of the raw neutron counts and a harmonized methodology for the conversion into soil moisture based on available in situ information. In addition, the uncertainty estimate is provided with the dataset, information that is particularly useful for remote sensing and modeling applications. This paper presents the current spatiotemporal coverage of CRNS stations in Europe and describes the protocols for data processing from raw measurements to consistent soil moisture products. The data of the presented COSMOS-Europe network open up a manifold of potential applications for environmental research, such as remote sensing data validation, trend analysis, or model assimilation. The dataset could be of particular importance for the analysis of extreme climatic events at the continental scale. Due its timely relevance in the scope of climate change in the recent years, we demonstrate this potential application with a brief analysis on the spatiotemporal soil moisture variability. The dataset, entitled “Dataset of COSMOS-Europe: A European network of Cosmic-Ray Neutron Soil Moisture Sensors”, is shared via Forschungszentrum Jülich: https://doi.org/10.34731/x9s3-kr48 (B

Published
2022

32. COSMOS-Europe:a European network of cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture sensors

Author

Bogena, Heye Reemt, Schrön, Martin, Jakobi, Jannis, Ney, Patrizia, Zacharias, Steffen, Andreasen, Mie, Baatz, Roland, Boorman, David, Duygu, Mustafa Berk, Eguibar-galán, Miguel Angel, Fersch, Benjamin, Franke, Till, Geris, Josie, González Sanchis, María, Kerr, Yann, Korf, Tobias, Mengistu, Zalalem, Mialon, Arnaud, Nasta, Paolo, Nitychoruk, Jerzy, Pisinaras, Vassilios, Rasche, Daniel, Rosolem, Rafael, Said, Hami, Schattan, Paul, Zreda, Marek, Achleitner, Stefan, Albentosa-hernández, Eduardo, Akyürek, Zuhal, Blume, Theresa, Del Campo, Antonio, Canone, Davide, Dimitrova-petrova, Katya, Evans, John G., Ferraris, Stefano, Frances, Félix, Gisolo, Davide, Güntner, Andreas, Herrmann, Frank, Iwema, Joost, Jensen, Karsten H., Kunstmann, Harald, Lidón, Antonio, Looms, Majken Caroline, Oswald, Sascha, Panagopoulos, Andreas, Patil, Amol, Power, Daniel, Rebmann, Corinna, Romano, Nunzio, Scheiffele, Lena, Seneviratne, Sonia, Weltin, Georg, Vereecken, Harry, Bogena, Heye Reemt, Schrön, Martin, Jakobi, Jannis, Ney, Patrizia, Zacharias, Steffen, Andreasen, Mie, Baatz, Roland, Boorman, David, Duygu, Mustafa Berk, Eguibar-galán, Miguel Angel, Fersch, Benjamin, Franke, Till, Geris, Josie, González Sanchis, María, Kerr, Yann, Korf, Tobias, Mengistu, Zalalem, Mialon, Arnaud, Nasta, Paolo, Nitychoruk, Jerzy, Pisinaras, Vassilios, Rasche, Daniel, Rosolem, Rafael, Said, Hami, Schattan, Paul, Zreda, Marek, Achleitner, Stefan, Albentosa-hernández, Eduardo, Akyürek, Zuhal, Blume, Theresa, Del Campo, Antonio, Canone, Davide, Dimitrova-petrova, Katya, Evans, John G., Ferraris, Stefano, Frances, Félix, Gisolo, Davide, Güntner, Andreas, Herrmann, Frank, Iwema, Joost, Jensen, Karsten H., Kunstmann, Harald, Lidón, Antonio, Looms, Majken Caroline, Oswald, Sascha, Panagopoulos, Andreas, Patil, Amol, Power, Daniel, Rebmann, Corinna, Romano, Nunzio, Scheiffele, Lena, Seneviratne, Sonia, Weltin, Georg, and Vereecken, Harry

Published
2022

33. Assessing root water uptake transit time by simulating isotope transport in Hydrus-1D

Author

Todini, Diego, Nasta, Paolo, Zuecco, Giulia, Marchina, Chiara, Amin, Anam, Penna, Daniele, Allocca, Carolina, Bertoldi, Giacomo, Brighenti, Stefano, Canone, Davide, Cassiani, Giorgio, Censini, Matteo, Comiti, Francesco, D'Amato, Concetta, Fabiani, Ginevra, Ferraris, Stefano, Gentile, Alessio, Marzaioli, Fabio, Previati, Maurizio, Rigon, Riccardo, Romano, Nunzio, Stellato, Luisa, Tubini, Niccolò, Verdone, Matteo, and Borga, Marco

Published
2022

35. Time-lapse multi-frequency EMI mapping and ERT profiling for the characterization of soil water behavior in mountain catchments. 

Author

Cassiani, Giorgio, primary, Censini, Matteo, additional, Nasta, Paolo, additional, Allocca, Carolina, additional, Sica, Benedetto, additional, Lazzaro, Ugo, additional, Mazzitelli, Caterina, additional, Verdone, Matteo, additional, Dani, Andrea, additional, Manca di Villahermosa, Francesca, additional, Penna, Daniele, additional, and Romano, Nunzio, additional

Published
2022
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36. Soil Moisture Mapping Using Uncrewed Arial Systems (UAS)

Author

Zhuang, Ruodan, primary, Manfreda, Salvatore, additional, Zeng, Yijian, additional, Szabó, Brigitta, additional, Dal Sasso, Silvano F., additional, Romano, Nunzio, additional, Ben Dor, Eyal, additional, Nasta, Paolo, additional, Francos, Nicolas, additional, Maltese, Antonino, additional, Ciraolo, Giuseppe, additional, Capodici, Fulvio, additional, Paruta, Antonio, additional, Mészáros, János, additional, Petropoulos, George P., additional, Zhang, Lijie, additional, Pizzolla, Teresa, additional, and Su, Zhongbo, additional

Published
2022
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39. COSMOS-Europe: a European network of cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture sensors

Author

Bogena, Heye Reemt, primary, Schrön, Martin, additional, Jakobi, Jannis, additional, Ney, Patrizia, additional, Zacharias, Steffen, additional, Andreasen, Mie, additional, Baatz, Roland, additional, Boorman, David, additional, Duygu, Mustafa Berk, additional, Eguibar-Galán, Miguel Angel, additional, Fersch, Benjamin, additional, Franke, Till, additional, Geris, Josie, additional, González Sanchis, María, additional, Kerr, Yann, additional, Korf, Tobias, additional, Mengistu, Zalalem, additional, Mialon, Arnaud, additional, Nasta, Paolo, additional, Nitychoruk, Jerzy, additional, Pisinaras, Vassilios, additional, Rasche, Daniel, additional, Rosolem, Rafael, additional, Said, Hami, additional, Schattan, Paul, additional, Zreda, Marek, additional, Achleitner, Stefan, additional, Albentosa-Hernández, Eduardo, additional, Akyürek, Zuhal, additional, Blume, Theresa, additional, del Campo, Antonio, additional, Canone, Davide, additional, Dimitrova-Petrova, Katya, additional, Evans, John G., additional, Ferraris, Stefano, additional, Frances, Félix, additional, Gisolo, Davide, additional, Güntner, Andreas, additional, Herrmann, Frank, additional, Iwema, Joost, additional, Jensen, Karsten H., additional, Kunstmann, Harald, additional, Lidón, Antonio, additional, Looms, Majken Caroline, additional, Oswald, Sascha, additional, Panagopoulos, Andreas, additional, Patil, Amol, additional, Power, Daniel, additional, Rebmann, Corinna, additional, Romano, Nunzio, additional, Scheiffele, Lena, additional, Seneviratne, Sonia, additional, Weltin, Georg, additional, and Vereecken, Harry, additional

Published
2022
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43. COSMOS-Europe: A European Network of Cosmic-Ray Neutron Soil Moisture Sensors

Author

Bogena, Heye, primary, Schrön, Martin, additional, Jakobi, Jannis, additional, Ney, Patrizia, additional, Zacharias, Steffen, additional, Andreasen, Mie, additional, Baatz, Roland, additional, Boorman, David, additional, Duygu, Berk M., additional, Eguibar-Galán, Miguel A., additional, Fersch, Benjamin, additional, Franke, Till, additional, Geris, Josie, additional, González Sanchis, María, additional, Kerr, Yann, additional, Korf, Tobias, additional, Mengistu, Zalalem, additional, Mialon, Arnaud, additional, Nasta, Paolo, additional, Nitychoruk, Jerzy, additional, Pisinaras, Vassilios, additional, Rasche, Daniel, additional, Rosolem, Rafael, additional, Said, Hami, additional, Schattan, Paul, additional, Zreda, Marek, additional, Achleitner, Stefan, additional, Albentosa-Hernández, Eduardo, additional, Akyürek, Zuhal, additional, Blume, Theresa, additional, del Campo, Antonio, additional, Dimitrova-Petrova, Katya, additional, Evans, John G., additional, Frances, Felix, additional, Güntner, Andreas, additional, Herrmann, Frank, additional, Iwema, Joost, additional, Jensen, Karsten Høgh, additional, Kunstmann, Harald, additional, Lidón, Antonio, additional, Looms, Majken Caroline, additional, Oswald, Sascha, additional, Panagopoulos, Andreas, additional, Patil, Amol, additional, Power, Daniel, additional, Rebmann, Corinna, additional, Romano, Nunzio, additional, Scheiffele, Lena M., additional, Seneviratne, Sonia, additional, Weltin, Georg, additional, and Vereecken, Harry, additional

Published
2021
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44. WATZON: the Italian network of ecohydrology and critical zone observatories

Author

Alessio Gentile, Carolina Allocca, Giorgio Cassiani, Stefano Brighenti, Anam Amin, Concetta D'Amato, Nasta Paolo, Matteo Censini, Stefano Ferraris, Daniele Penna, Nunzio Romano, Davide Canone, Chiara Marchina, Zuecco Giulia, Ginevra Fabiani, Marco Borga, Giacomo Bertoldi, Riccardo Rigon, Comiti Francesco, and Stellato Luisa

Subjects
Earth science, Ecohydrology, Geology, Critical Zone Observatories
Abstract

The Italian initiative WATZON (WATer mixing in the critical ZONe) is a network of instrumented sites, bringing together six pre-existing long-term research observatories monitoring different compartments of the Critical Zone - the Earth's permeable near-surface layer from the tops of the trees to the bottom of the groundwater. These observatories cover different climatic and physiographic characteristics over the country, providing information over a climate and eco-hydrologic transect connecting the Mediterranean to the Alps. With specific initial scientific questions, monitoring strategies, databases, and modeling activities, the WATZON observatories and sites is well representative of the heterogeneity of the critical zone and of the scientific communities studying it. Despite this diversity, all WATZON sites share a common eco-hydrologic monitoring and modelling program with three main objectives:1) assessing the description of water mixing process across the critical zone by using integrated high-resolution isotopic, geophysical and hydrometeorological measurements from point to catchment scale, under different physiographic conditions and climate forcing;2) testing water exchange mechanisms between subsurface reservoirs and vegetation, and assessing ecohydrological dynamics in different environments by coupling the high-resolution data set from different critical zone study sites of the initiative with advanced ecohydrological models at multiple spatial scales;3) developing a process-based conceptual framework of ecohydrological processes in the critical zone to translate scientific knowledge into evidence to support policy and management decisions concerning water and land use in forested and agricultural ecosystems.This work provides an overview of the WATZON network, its objectives, scientific questions, and data management, with a specific focus on existing initiatives for linking data and models based on WATZON data.

Published
2021
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47. A Geostatistical Approach to Map Near-Surface Soil Moisture Through Hyperspatial Resolution Thermal Inertia

Author

Paruta, Antonio, primary, Ciraolo, Giuseppe, additional, Capodici, Fulvio, additional, Manfreda, Salvatore, additional, Sasso, Silvano Fortunato Dal, additional, Zhuang, Ruodan, additional, Romano, Nunzio, additional, Nasta, Paolo, additional, Ben-Dor, Eyal, additional, Francos, Nicolas, additional, Zeng, Yijian, additional, and Maltese, Antonino, additional

Published
2021
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50. UAS Based Soil Moisture Downscaling Using Random Forest Regression Model

Author

Zhuang, Ruodan, primary, Manfreda, Salvatore, additional, Zeng, Yijian, additional, Romano, Nunzio, additional, Ben Dor, Eyal, additional, Maltese, Antonino, additional, Nasta, Paolo, additional, Francos, Nicolas, additional, Capodici, Fulvio, additional, Paruta, Antonio, additional, Ciraolo, Giuseppe, additional, Szabó, Brigitta, additional, Mészáros, János, additional, Petropoulos, George P., additional, Zhang, Lijie, additional, and Su, Zhongbo, additional

Published
2021
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