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The article is devoted to the study of the influence of uncertainty in initial data on the solutions of optimiza-tion multicriterial problems. In the optimization problems, including problems with vector criterion, small per-turbations in initial data can result in solutions strongly different from the true ones. The results of the con-ducted researches allow us to extend the known class of vector optimization problems, stable with respect to in-put data perturbations in vector criterion. We are talking about stability in the sense of Hausdorff lower semicontinuity for point-set mapping that characterizes the dependence of the set of optimal solutions on the input data of the vector optimization problem. The conditions of stability against input data perturbations in vector criterion for the problem of finding Pareto optimal solutions with continuous partial criterion func-tions and feasible set of arbitrary structure are obtained by studying the sets of points that are stable belonging and stable not belonging to the Pareto set.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is most commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). There are practically no studies of the quality of life in young patients. The aim of our study is to study the characteristics of the quality of life of young patients with the combined course of GERD and COPD. We took two groups of patients. The first group with the presence of non-erosive GERD in combination with COPD I-II degree. The second group with isolated non-erosive GERD. The control group included practically healthy individuals. The quality of life of the subjects was determined using international standardized questionnaires GERD-Q, GIQLI, WHOQOL —BREF. It was found, that patients with GERD with concomitant COPD showed a significant decrease in the quality of life in comparison with patients with GERD without concomitant pathology and with the control group. Patients with GERD in combination with COPD mostly had a decrease in the quality of life in the physical and emotional spheres. Patients with isolated GERD had gastroenterological disorders dominate. Decrease in the quality of life in social spheres was significantly observed in both groups. The combined course of GERD and COPD have a degrade influence on quality of life.

Among vector problems, the lexicographic ones constitute a broad significant class of problems of optimization. Lexicographic ordering is applied to establish rules of subordination and priority. Hence, a lot of problems including the ones of complex system optimization, of stochastic programming under a risk, of the dynamic character, etc. may be presented in the form of lexicographic problems of optimization. We have revealed the conditions of existence of solutions of multicriteria of lexicographic optimization problems with an unbounded set of feasible solutions on the basis of applying the properties of a recession cone of a con vex feasible set, the cone which puts it in order lexicographically with respect to optimization criteria. The obtained conditions may be successfully used while developing algorithms for finding the optimal solutions of the mentioned problems of lexicographic optimization. A method of finding the optimal solutions of convex lexico graphic problems with the linear functions of criteria is built and grounded on the basis of ideas of the method of linearization and the Kelley cutting plane method.

The article is devoted to the study of qualitative characteristics of different concepts of stability of vector problems of mixed-integer optimization, namely, to identifying the conditions under which the set of Pareto-optimal solutions of the problem possesses some property of invariance defined in advance in relation to the external influences on initial data of the problem. We investigate the questions of stability with respect to data perturbations in a vector criterion of mixed-integer optimization problem. The necessary and sufficient conditions of stability of three types for a problem of finding the solutions of the Pareto set are found. Such conditions guarantee that the small variations of initial data of vector criterion: 1) do not result in new Paretooptimal solutions, 2) save all Pareto-optimal solutions of the problem and can admit new solutions, 3) do not change the set of Pareto-optimal solutions of the initial problem.

The change in the intensity of the deformation of the pipe wall during profiling by drawing was studied. The dependence of the strain intensity on the wall thickness of the workpiece is obtained to predict the processing results in the production of shaped pipes with desired properties. Keywords drawing, profile pipe, wall thickness, strain rate. n.v.semenova@urfu.ru

To analyze the dynamics and structure of the incidence and prevalence of vascular dementia (according to the appeal to psychiatric institutions) in the regions of the North-West Federal District in 2010-2019.Study design is descriptive epidemiological. We analyzed the data of 11 entities that are part of the North-West Federal District, including in comparison with general indicators for the Russian Federation.There was an increase in the prevalence and a decrease in the incidence of vascular dementia in 2019 compared to 2010. In the Northwestern Federal District, both indicators were higher than all-Russian ones. A small number of cases of vascular dementia can be observed at a young age, but its exponential growth is observed after 60 years. Among previously ill vascular dementia and newly diagnosed, there is an almost twofold predominance of women.The results can be used in solving issues of the organization of psychiatric care and developing prevention algorithms for vascular dementia.Проанализировать динамику и структуру общей и первичной заболеваемости сосудистой деменцией (по данным обращаемости в психиатрические учреждения) в регионах Северо-Западного федерального округа в 2010—2019 гг.Проведено описательное эпидемиологическое исследование. Анализировались данные 11 субъектов, входящих в состав Северо-Западного федерального округа, в том числе в сравнении с общими показателями по Российской Федерации.По сравнению с 2010 г. в 2019 г. в РФ отмечалось увеличение показателя общей заболеваемости сосудистой деменцией и уменьшение первичной, однако в Северо-Западном федеральном округе показатели как общей, так и первичной заболеваемости были выше общероссийских. Показано, что незначительное количество случаев сосудистой деменции может наблюдаться и в молодом возрасте, однако ее экспоненциальный рост наблюдается после 60 лет. Среди ранее заболевших сосудистой деменцией и впервые выявленных отмечается почти двукратное преобладание женщин. Полученные данные могут быть использованы при решении вопросов организации психиатрической помощи и разработки алгоритмов профилактики при сосудистой деменции.

To evaluate a relative telomere length in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) before and after a 6-month course of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.Seventy-five men participated in the study, including 50 men with OSA (the main group 1) and 25 men without OSA (the control group). The average age in the total group was 53.4±3.6 years. Thirty-five men completed the study (the main group 2). According to the design, night polysomnography (PSG) was performed for all the subjects, blood sampling to assess the length of telomeres was carried out in the morning according to the standard method. The values of the relative telomere length were obtained using the difference between the values of the threshold cycles for telomeric DNA and the reference gene albumin (∆CCt). After clarifying the diagnosis, CPAP was applied for 6 months.Statistically significant indicators of PSG were revealed: a decrease in NREM 3 in patients with OSA compared to controls (89.3±15.8 versus 150±23.4 minutes), an increase in NREM1-2 in OSA (296.2±31.1 and 170.1±24.5, respectively), REM was 84.6±15.4 in the main group and 118.5±19.5 in the control group. CPAP therapy conducted for 6 months (at least 4-5 nights a week, lasting at least 5-6 hours of night sleep) demonstrated a significant improvement in the qualitative and quantitative parameters of sleep. In patients of the main group 1, there is a shortening of the telomere length compared with the control group (Intermittent hypoxia and fragmentation of sleep in OSA leads to shortening of telomeres. CPAP, by eliminating the pathophysiological triggers of OSA, contributes to an increase in telomeres lengths and can slow down the premature aging in OSA.Оценить относительную длину теломер (ОДТ) у пациентов с синдромом обструктивного апноэ (СОАС) до и после 6-месячного курса терапии созданием постоянного положительного давления воздуха в дыхательных путях (СИПАП-терапия).В исследовании участвовали 75 мужчин, средний возраст 53,4±3,6 года. Основную группу (ОГ1) составили 50 мужчин с СОАС; полностью завершили исследование 35 мужчин — ОГ2. Контрольную группу (КГ) составили 25 мужчин без СОАС. Согласно дизайну исследования, всем была проведена ночная полисомнография (ПСГ); забор крови для оценки ОДТ осуществлялся утром по стандартной методике. Значения ОДТ получали, используя разницу между значениями пороговых циклов для теломерной ДНК и референсного гена альбумина (∆Ct). После уточнения диагноза была применена СИПАП-терапия в течение 6 мес.Выявлены статистически значимые показатели ПСГ: снижение глубоких стадий сна у пациентов с СОАС в сравнении с КГ (89,3±15,8 мин против 150±23,4 мин), увеличение поверхностных стадий при СОАС (296,2±31,1 и 170,1±24,5 мин соответственно), сокращение времени фазы быстрого сна (ФБС) (84,6±15,4 и 118,5±19,5 мин). Проведение в течение 6 мес постоянной СИПАП-терапии (не менее 4—5 ночей в 1 нед, длительностью не менее 5—6 ч ночного сна) положительно повлияло на качественные и количественные параметры сна. У лиц ОГ1 отмечалось укорочение ОДТ, по сравнению с мужчинами КГ (Интермиттирующая гипоксия и фрагментация сна при СОАС приводят к укорочению теломер. СИПАП-терапия, устраняя патофизиологические триггеры СОАС, способствует увеличению ОДТ в концевых участках хромосом и может замедлить преждевременное старение организма при СОАС.

The purpose of the research is to study the effectiveness of «Neoterica Protecto 12» product as polymer tape to prevent myiasis of dogs andcats. Materials and methods. In course of the experiment, spontaneously infected dogs and cats of different ages and breeds were used. The animals were not treated with anti-parasitic drugs for the previous 30 days; they had not been wearing insecticide collars for three months. The diagnosis was made comprehensively taking into account the epizootological data, clinical features and on the basis of careful examination and detection of ectoparasites and their eggs on the skin-and-coat of animals. The intensity of the invasion of animals was estimated by visual rating of insects on the animal's body parts (abdomen, head, lumbar region, and edge bone, inguinal and perineal zone) with a size of 10 × 10 cm. Results and discussion. The high therapeutic effectiveness of the product was found to be 100% when the animals were infected with Ctenocephalides canis, C. felis, Felicola subrostratus, Trichodectes canis and Linognathus setosus ectoparasites. No animal infected with ectoparasites was found within 28 days of applying the collar. No behavior changes and characteristic symptoms were found when observing the animals; general condition of the animals did not deteriorate. Clinical examination showed no evidence of itching; the restoration of skin and coat where scratches and alopecia were earlier noted. The re-infection of dogs and cats with ectoparasites during the following 6 months is hardly in evidence.

The article provides the results of the analysis of historical trends in the development of dairy cattle breeding in 1950-2016 in all kinds of economies: in the Republics of Mordovia, Udmurtia, Chuvashia, Bashkortostan, Mari El, Tatarstan, in Penza, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg and Perm regions (the number of cows, an average milk yield and milk production). To smooth random fluctuations of the time series levels the simple moving average method was used. Regression analysis allowed us to obtain the average annual increase/decrease trends for enlarged periods. The results were compared at the regional level. The study revealed that the relative trends for number of cows in all regions of the Volga Federal District ranged from +1.3 to +2.9% up to 1980, and from -4.2 to -1.2% after 1980. Relative growth rates of the average annual milk yield ranged from +0.3 to +5.6%. Since 1950 up to 1990 in regions under study the total milk production was increasing every 10 years. The highest growth rate was observed in Mari El Republic (4.0%), while in the Udmurt Republic, Tatarstan and Samara region it stayed almost at the same level (+3.0%...+3.2%), in other regions it ranged from +1.8 to +2.9%. Since 1990 the annual decline in milk production was noted in Chuvash Republic (-1.2%), Mari El Republic (-2.1%), Penza region (-3.3%) and Ulyanovsk region (-3.9%). In the Republics of Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, Tatarstan and in Saratov region by the end of 2010 the total milk production had increased but in 2015 it declined. At the same time by 2015 in Perm, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara regions the tendencies for milk production had increased.

The article presents the results of a survey of practitioners on the problem of patient safety in medical organizations.

Environmental safety is an important part of national security, potential of wellbeing and further development. Environmental culture and environmental literacy are considered critical in preserving the nature, maintaining ecological stability and wellbeing of society. The paper considers theoretical and practical aspects of the level of ecological and legal knowledge and skills, as well as ecological and legal culture of different groups of educational community in one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation – the Chuvash Republic. The study was aimed to analyze the ecological and legal education within the educational community, level of ecological culture at different stages of education (preschool education, school, colleges, higher educational institutions), as well as parents and teachers. The authors come to a conclusion on the need to integrate ecological and legal disciplines in the formation of ecological culture and ecologically competent behavior of future citizens. The obtained data will allow developing further measures to optimize educational and teaching processes, create ecologically reasonable behavior and lifestyle within the standards of ecological imperative, ecological legislation and according to the concept of sustainable development.

Active fault zones are considered open systems. Tectonic stress energy accumulated and redistributed in the areas of its active dynamic influence under the action of various energy sources is spent mainly in slow tectonic and discrete rapid seismic dissipative processes. Based on the results of physical modeling of the formation of a large fault zone, the spatial and temporal relations between tectonic and seismic dissipative processes are analyzed and their controlling factors are estimated. Tectonic and seismic dissipative processes are in particular spatial and temporal relations during the structural evolution of the fault zone and occur in antiphase. As a rule, the maximum development of one process coincides with the minimum occurrence of the other, and these moments correspond to the beginning or end of stages, phases or other shorter evolutionary periods. Depending on the scale of the deformation process, the frequency of repeatability of these periods determines the periodicity of activation of tectonic and seismic dissipations and their spatial features.

A new analytical procedure for determination of inorganic antimony and speciation of antimony(III) and antimony(V) is presented. For this purpose, a software-controlled time-based multisyringe flow injection system, which contains a multisyringe burette provided with a multi-port selection valve, was developed. Hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used as a detection technique. A 0.3% (w/v) reducing sodium tetrahydroborate solution, hydrochloric acid (2 M), an antimony solution and a pre-reducing solution of 10% (w/v) KI and 0.3% (w/v) ascorbic acid are dispensed simultaneously into a gas–liquid separation cell with further propulsion of the reaction product into the flame of an atomic fluorescence spectrometer using argon flow. A hydrogen flow was employed to support the flame. The linear range and the detection limit (3s b /S) of the proposed technique were 0.2–5.6 μg l −1 and 0.08 μg l −1 , respectively. A sample throughput of 18 samples per hour (corresponding to 80 injections per hour) was achieved. The relative standard deviation for 18 independent measurements was 4.6%. This technique was validated by means of reference solid and water materials with good agreement with the certified values. Satisfactory results for speciation of Sb(III) and Sb(V) by means of the developed technique were obtained.

A new multisyringe flow injection system for total inorganic selenium determination by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HGAFS) has been proposed. The flow methodology is based on the simultaneous injection of sample in the acid media (50% HCl), a reducing sodium tetrahydroborate solution (0.18%) and a solution of hydrochloric acid (50%) which are dispensed into a gas–liquid separation cell by using a multisyringe burette coupled with one multiport selection valve. The usage of the time-based injection increases the sample throughput and provides precise known volumes of sample. The hydride of selenium is delivered into the flame of an atomic fluorescence spectrometer by means of an argon flow. A hydrogen flow has been used to support the flame. The technique can be applied over a wide range of concentrations of selenium between 0.1 and 3.5 μg l −1 with good repeatability (relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values 4.6–7% for 1 μg l −1 of Se). The detection limit of the developed technique (3 σ b / S ) was 0.01 μg l −1 . A sample throughput was 28 samples per hour (84 injections). The multisyringe technique has been validated by means of reference solid (sea lettuce) and water (hard drinking water) materials with good agreement with certified values. The analytical features were compared with those obtained by using of the commercial flow injection analysis (FIA) system. The proposed method provides a higher sampling frequency and a significant reduction of reagent and sample consumption in front the flow injection application.

A sequential injection analysis system is proposed for total inorganic arsenic determination by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The sample, a reducing sodium tetrahydroborate solution and a blank solution containing HCl, ascorbic acid and potassium iodide are sequentially aspirated and then dispensed into a gas–liquid separation cell. An Ar flow sweeps the arsine into the flame of an atomic fluorescence spectrometer. An auxiliary H 2 flow was necessary to support the flame. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for arsenic concentrations between 2.5 and 50 μg l −1 , the detection limit (3 σ b / S ) being 0.67 μg l −1 . The relative standard deviation of the method was 1.8% ( n =9) when 0.5 ml of a 20 μg l −1 As standard solution was aspirated. The sample throughput was 33 samples per hour. The proposed method has been validated by means of reference materials and the results obtained were in good agreement with the certified values.

Integer programming problems with inexact data that model various situations are considered. An approach to solving some classes of such problems is proposed.

A new multisyringe flow injection system for inorganic arsenic determination at trace levels by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HGAFS) is presented. Preconcentration on a solid-phase was carried out using a column packed with an anion-exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-410). The reagents are dispensed to the system using a multisyringe burette coupled with two multi-port selection valves. Different parameters were changing in order to make the system as effective as possible. An analytical curve was obtained for arsenic determination between 50 and 2000 ng l−1. This new approach improved five times the sensitivity over a MSFIA–HGAFS technique developed previously by the authors. Detection limit of the proposed technique was (3σb/S) of 30 ng l−1. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of As at 1 μg l−1 was 4.8% (n=7). A sample throughput of 10 h−1 has been achieved. The proposed method has been applied to different reference solid and water materials with satisfactory results.