Search

In this study, the effects of NbC inoculants on the elastic properties and microstructure of laser blown powder-directed energy deposition (LBP-DED) IN718 are investigated. The addition of the NbC particles increased the volume fraction of MC-type carbides and decreased that of the Laves phase. It was found that the inoculant containing samples exhibited a marginally increased hardness and an enhanced Brass texture component {110} . The occurrence of this textural enhancement is theorised to be a result of the NbC restricting dendritic growth along specific directions during build. The addition of the inoculant therefore offers a method of achieving a degree of microstructural and textural control during additive manufacturing

This is a study of the pathology of a legal system, ‘the first book covering those who abused and misused the legal system in medieval England and the initial attempts of the Anglo-American legal s...

Drawing upon the history of the doctrine of the old use, Professor John Mee has suggested both that the extent of the authority for a “retention” approach to “automatic” resulting trusts has been overlooked, and that while as a matter of history a “retention” approach has significant support, as a matter of principle in the modern law it is not fully satisfactory, so that it is necessary to look elsewhere for a theoretical explanation for the “automatic” resulting trust. This article examines the reasons for the inconsistency identified by Professor Mee, seeking to elucidate the relationship between uses and trusts, to contribute to the history of resulting uses and trusts, and to explain why the modern “automatic” resulting trust has become a rule in search of a rationale.

Medieval feoffments to the uses of a last will provided, in effect, a power to devise freehold land, otherwise generally impossible at common law. The Statute of Uses 1536 put an end to this mechanism, and in 1540 the Statute of Wills provided, within limits, a substitute power to devise. But conveyances inter vivos upon trust for the performance of wills continued to be made after 1540; and the distinction in practice between such trusts and wills was less clear than might be supposed: wills under the statutory power were understood as conveyances; executors were frequently trustees in a narrow sense; and the perception that executors were, in a broader sense, trusted, had substantive effects. In understanding wills, trusts and trusting after the Statute of Uses, distinctions between those who are ‘trustees’ and those who are not, or between conveyances upon trust and wills, may be an essential starting-point in bringing order to the sources, but cannot fully reflect the complexity of contemporary arrang...

Drawing upon evidence from early-sixteenth-century Chancery pleadings, this paper aims to contribute to our understanding of the framing of the Statute of Uses 1536. It looks, not backwards from later unexecuted uses or trusts, but forwards from evidence of practice in creating uses in the decades immediately before 1536, so as to assess the intentions of those responsible for the statute and the extent to which it was foreseen that the statute would not execute some types of uses, and that such types of uses would in practice continue to be created, suggesting that, aside from its effect upon feoffments to the uses of a last will, the intended consequences of the statute were less far-reaching than may have been supposed.

beneficiary":2 the interest theory, the benefit theory, the agency cases, and the consideration theory. This article is concerned with the first of these theories, and in particular with the role played within that theory by the concepts of use and trust. The interest theory, as Palmer puts it, "was typically expressed in the statement, 'He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action"'.3 "Under this theory assumpsit functioned somewhat as a tort remedy for the beneficiary's damages": an action for the beneficiary was justified upon the basis that "non-performance of the promise caused an injury to his interest, and he should receive compensation".4 And in addition, the beneficiary's interest in the performance of the promise might be conceptualized as the enforcement of a "use" created by the promise. Although these were ordinary promises that contained no express use, this implied use in favor of the beneficiary apparently placed a property foundation under the claim in assumpsit. The beneficiary's interest in the promise was thus conceived as his property.

The study of trusts in the record of the early-modern court of Chancery has so far been largely thematic, picking out, for example, cases indicating the non-execution of certain types of uses, or grouping together trusts created for particular purposes, and paying little attention to why trust cases came to litigation, or to how the court responded from case to case, No attempt has yet been made to examine a body of trust cases over a more-or-less extended period as illuminating the features of trusts litigation as a whole. This paper begins the process of filling this gap through an examination of trusts litigation in Chancery between the Statute of Uses 1536 and 1585, considering the nature of trust property; the causes of litigation; questions of proof; and the court's responses to trusts litigation.

It is the purpose of this article to draw attention to the case of Dudley v. Ellis (1559), * discovered in the record of the Court of Chancery while searching for trust cases in the years after the Statute of Uses. Together with the now famous case of Bertie v. Herenden (1560),1Dudley v. Ellis provides a vivid illustration of the role which trusts might play in times of trouble.

The Defense Information Systems Network (DISN) is the telecommunications infrastructure that provides end-to-end information transfer for all types of military operations. DISN Deployed is that portion of the DISN which supports the deployed warfighter by providing connectivity to the sustaining base in the continental United States and elsewhere. The DISN Deployed Pilot Network (DDPN) project is intended to provide flexible, affordable communications support to deployed, tactical CINC/JTF users. The pilot network approach allows feedback from operational users on operational utility of upcoming systems, development of valid plans and system designs and a near term operational capability. The DDPN will demonstrate and implement capabilities that make more efficient use of limited military satellite bandwidth (particularly for bursty user traffic such as router traffic), to use other media (such as commercial satellites) to augment this bandwidth and to improve interoperability. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches and satcom network control equipment will be installed in the deployed facilities of tactical participants The combination of ATM control, and use of the Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) and commercial satellites will provide a responsive approach for real time communication resource management by the deployed Joint Task Force (JTF) commander. The system also provides a seamless interface to the strategic DISN network (which is migrating to ATM). At the conclusion it is expected that the systems could be used operationally.

In 1783 the court of King's Bench heard the insurance action in Gregson v Gilbert, arising from the casting overboard of living slaves from the ship Zong in the Caribbean in 1781, in which a motion...

A series of SAW filters with bandpass characteristics optimized for digital transmission has been developed for use in the Defense Satellite Communication System (DSCS). Features of the SAW filters, then implementations into the system, and results of system tests are described. A spectrum efficiency 30 percent greater than by competing techniques is achieved.