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“ARRIAH-AviFluVac” vaccine against H5 avian influenza was demonstrated to be effective for ducks, geese and turkeys both in the laboratory and production environment. When administered to ducks at 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 cm3, the vaccine provided 100%-effective protection of birds against the disease and death after challenge with the relevant high pathogenicity avian influenza virus of subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b. Singular 0.5–1.5 cm3 inoculation induced formation of antibodies, which were detected in the hemagglutination inhibition test at the titres that ranged from 4.3 to 6.1 log2. The vaccine facilitated 9–26-fold decrease in the virulent virus shedding by the ducks. Protection of turkeys vaccinated at the dose of 1.0 cm3 was maintained at the level of 87.5% after challenge with high pathogenicity avian influenza virus of subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b. The vaccine induced formation of antibodies at the titres of 4.9 and 5.5 log2 in turkeys after singular and double vaccination at the dose of 1.0 cm3, respectively. It was demonstrated, that after double administration of 1.0 cm3 of “ARRIAH-AviFluVac” vaccine, the post-vaccinal avian influenza antibody level exceeded 5.0 log2 in 75.9–90.0% of the geese population. The most appropriate way of the vaccine use in turkeys, ducks and geese involves at least its double administration at the double commercial dose. Higher species resistance of ducks to the challenge with avian influenza virus of subtype H5, clade 2.3.4.4bas compared to turkeys was also demonstrated.

The data on diversity of adenovirus pathogens in nature and the role of the main representatives of the Adenoviridae family in poultry infectious pathology are presented. Special attention is paid to problematic issues of immunoprophylaxis due to lack of cross-immunity between different virus serotypes. There is no single and effective approach in the global strategy of immunoprophylaxis of avian adenoviruses, therefore, improving the means of avian adenovirus disease control is an urgent and important task. Avian adenovirus infections are represented by different nosological units: egg drop syndrome, hydropericardium syndrome, adenoviral gizzard erosion, marbled spleen disease of pheasants, hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys, inclusion body hepatitis and many unclassified diseases. The paper provides data on the main nosological forms of adenovirus infections that pose a threat to cost-effective poultry farming, and highlights test results obtained by foreign authors on the effectiveness of some vaccines against adenovirus infection. Most vaccines have been developed to prevent avian hydropericardium syndrome, however, occurrence of many virus serotypes requires effective means of prevention and diagnosis in order to control other infections caused by adenoviruses. There is no registered vaccine against adenovirus infections that cause inclusion body hepatitis and adenoviral gizzard erosion. At the same time, inclusion body hepatitis alone accounts for 2.9% of all recorded avian infectious diseases. Vaccines registered in the Russian Federation are not enough to fully control these infections, and that requires a timely solution to the problem. The variety of avian adenoviruses determines the problems of their differential diagnosis and specific prevention.

Antigen of H5N1 low pathogenic avian influenza virus Yamal strain included in the inactivated emulsion vaccine is able to induce strong immunity against highly pathogenic avian influenza in chickens. Inactivated emulsion vaccines based on antigen of H5N1 low pathogenic avian influenza virus Yamal strain and antigen of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus А/chicken/Primorsky/85/08 strain are capable of inducing dose-dependent cross immunity against current Н5N1 and H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Thus, inoculation dose of H5N1 low pathogenic avian influenza virus Yamal strain antigen required for pro­tection of 95% of chickens against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus А/chicken/Primorsky/85/08 strain and against H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/duck/KChR/1590-20/20 in the vaccine inoculation volume shall be at least 609 HAU and 255 HAU, respectively. The inoculation dose of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus А/chicken/Primorsky/85/08 strain antigen for protection from H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/duck/KChR/1590-20/20 strain shall be at least 294 HAU. Protective effect of the tested inactivated vaccines was associated with humoral immunity level in poultry. Predicted titre of antibodies to homologous virus antigens conferring expected 95% protection of vaccinated poultry was 1:538 or 9.1 log2. Inactivated vaccine based on H5N1 low pathogenic avian influenza virus Yamal strain antigen demonstrates its high immunogenicity in chickens infected with Н5N1 and Н5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza influenza virus.

Due to the genetic diversity of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses of subtype H9N2, it deemed appropriate to study the potency of the vaccines based on the antigens of strains А/chicken/Amursky/03/12 and A/chicken/Chelyabinsk/314-1/20 that represent currently circulating in the Russian Federation genetic lineages Y280 and G1, respectively. While low pathogenicity of the agent does not allow demonstrating the vaccine protective properties by the direct methods generally used for potency assessment (e.g. morbidity and mortality), the indirect methods were used: determination of antigenic relatedness of the strains, level of the postvaccinal homologous and heterologous humoral immunity, analysis of the virus genome synthesis inhibition (reduction) in vaccinated birds following their challenge. The strains used in the vaccines were determined to have some antigenic differences, which were demonstrated in the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay during control of the postvaccinal immunity in birds. Both vaccines generally induced strong humoral immunity in vaccinated birds (9–10 log2 determined using HI assay) with some difference in the levels of the immune response following the use of homologous or heterologous antigens. It was also reliably determined that homologous immunity facilitated more expressed inhibition of the virus reproduction after the challenge. The level of inhibition (reduction) of the virulent LPAI virus genome synthesis in vaccinated birds following their challenge with H9N2 virus of genetic lineage G1 was higher in birds following homologous vaccination, while the time periods of the genome detection in the biomaterial samples were the same. It was demonstrated that due to antigenic and immunogenic differences between LPAI H9N2 strains, use of both antigenic components in the inactivated vaccines is appropriate.

In 2019, the situation regarding Newcastle disease in the Russian Federation worsened radically due to the spread of NDV subgenotype VII-L throughout the country from the Primorsky Krai to the Kursk Oblast. As a result, 17 infected settlements with backyard farms where unvaccinated poultry was kept were registered. In this study, immunogenicity of the vaccines produced by the FGBI “ARRIAH”, as well as the effectiveness of various vaccination schedules to prevent genotype VII NDVs, relevant for the Russian Federation, was studied. It is known that the currently circulating ND agent is significantly more virulent compared to the viruses isolated in previous years, and it is able to bypass the immunity provided by live vaccines. Test results demonstrated that the vaccines against genotype VII NDVs produced by the FGBI “ARRIAH” are highly immunogenic, which allows to effectively prevent the disease when using them as part of a standard vaccination schedule. A 2-dose vaccination schedule using live vaccine from the La Sota strain as well as the “complete” vaccination schedule using inactivated vaccines provides immunity in 100% of chicks. The use of live vaccines in a single- and double-dose vaccination schedules prevents mortality and clinical disease in poultry, but does not prevent virus replication, while the addition of an inactivated vaccine to the immunization schedule does prevent the replication of the virulent virus. Thus, the use of domestically produced live and inactivated vaccines, primarily the ones containing the La Sota strain, with the following control of the immunity level and booster vaccination, if required, is the main tool for the disease control.

The purpose of these studies was to optimize RHDV type 1 and 2 (RHDV1 and RHDV2) inactivation modes to use the obtained antigens in inactivated vaccines and diagnosticums. The inactivating effect of aminoethylethylenimine and β-propiolactone was studied in different concentrations in correlation with the exposure time and temperature. The correlation between the inactivating effect of the compound used and the accepted test conditions (concentration, temperature, and exposure time) was studied on a group of rabbits, each of which was injected intramuscularly with 1 cm3 of the inactivated material sample. At the end of the maximum exposure interval, a control sample of the viral material, kept under the same conditions without any inactivant added was similarly tested. Lethality was considered to evaluate the damaging action in the test and control groups: L = m/n, where m is the number of dead animals; n is the total number of rabbits in the group for testing of the inactivated material sample. The postmortem diagnosis was confirmed by testing the rabbit liver tissue homogenate for relative antigens using ELISA. It was found that aminoethylethylenimine and β-propiolactone did not have the same effect on the studied variants of the virus. In order to preserve at maximum the antigenic structures of the virus, the following inactivation modes were considered to be optimal: for RHDV1-aminoethylethylenimine at a concentration of 0.3% at 37 °C, exposure time – 72 hours, or β-propiolactone at a concentration of 0.1–0.3% at 25–37 °С, exposure time – 24–48 hours; for RHDV2 – aminoethylethylenimine at a concentration of 1% at 37 °C, exposure time – 72 hours, or β-propiolactone at a concentration 0.3% at 25 °С, exposure time – 24 hours.

The paper presents experimental study results of the cytopathic effect of peste de petits ruminants virus on a goat gonad continuous cell line (YaDK-04). The interaction of peste de petits ruminants virus with cells at different stages of its reproduction was shown using a combination of phase-contrast and luminescent microscopy. It was found that at the initial stage of interaction (20–24 hours) the cells became rounded and de-adhered, and the monolayer was partially loosened. On day 2 post reproduction the most part of the culture monolayer affected by the virus began to destruct, and the cell nuclei were displaced to periphery. At the terminal stage (72 hours) the destruction of monolayer cells and cytoplasmic matrix, deformation and partial lysis of the nuclei and cytoplasm, aggregation of detritus occurred. At the final stage of reproduction (96 hours) the peste de petits ruminants virus diffused into the culture medium, the fluorescence in the yellow spectrum decreased significantly, but the virus titer reached 6.89 lg TCD50/cm3.

Studies have been carried on antigenic and protective activity of the experimental associated vaccine containing, in the field vaccination dose, antigens of the attenuated ARRIAH strain of the sheep pox virus and ARRIAH 2003 strain of the goat pox virus in the ratio of 4.24 and 4.24 lg TCD50/cm3, 4.18 and 4.37 lg TCD50/cm3 and 4.37 and 4.18 lg TCD50/cm3 respectively, as well as monovalent vaccines with the infectious activity of these strains with a titer of 4.5 lg TCD50/cm3. Administration of the associated virus vaccine did not adversely affect the physiological state of the animals and was accompanied by the formation of viral neutralizing antibodies in protective titres that did not differ from antibody titers in the blood of sheep and goats during monovalent immunization. High levels of virus neutralizing antibodies in the range of (3.50 ± 0.50)–(4.05 ± 0.22) and (3.58 ± 0.08)–(4.00 ± 0.29) log2 respectively were determined in the blood serum of all sheep and goats vaccinated with associated vaccines. The antigenic activity of the associated vaccines for goats and sheep is almost identical. There were no negative effects on the antigenic activity of different ratios of attenuated strains of the sheep pox and goat pox virus in the inoculation dose. All sheep immunized with the monovalent vaccine against sheep and goat pox and associated virus vaccines, resisted the disease when challenged with a virulent sheep pox virus “Afghanistan” strain. Three sheep vaccinated with a monovalent vaccine against goat pox demonstrated a large local reaction, one sheep was diagnosed with generalized form of sheep pox.

Humoral immune response and ciliary activity of tracheal mucosa of poultry, vaccinated against infectious laryngotracheitis using ciliostatic test, was studied. Regardless of the vaccination route the vaccines decreased the ciliary activity by 5–9 % on Days 3 to 7 post vaccination. Herewith the vaccine ocular application in some chicks induced oneeye serous conjunctivitis, which resolved subsequently. Oral vaccination did not cause any clinical changes. Serological monitoring revealed an earlier and stronger immunity in poultry vaccinated by ocular route. The required seroprotection level in test groups was higher than the minimal value (80%) starting from Day 16 post vaccination. The period of immunity development after oral vaccination correlated with the vaccine dose volume. Moreover the domestic vaccine was highly competitive with foreign vaccines in immunogenicity and reactogenicity.

H^t of occurrence of sheep and goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts requires development of new vaccines and improvement of available associated ones. Their administration allows for the reduction of vaccination time frames and cost. The study results demonstrated tat associated as well as monovalent virus vaccines against sheep pox, goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts have good antigenic properties. The vaccination induced high level of virus neutralizing antibodies against each of the above listed diseases and ensured formation of strong immunity tat is supported by the results of tallenge of sheep with virulent sheep pox virus (“Afghanistan” strain). In 14 and 21 days in blood of sheep immunized with the virus vaccine against sheep pox, goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts titres of antibodies against sheep pox virus ((4.17±0.12)-(4.84±0.31)) and PPR ((5.92±0.23)-(6.08±0.23)) were higher as compared to goat pox antibody titres ((1.99±0.89)-(3.53±0.58) log2). Herewith, antibody titres in blood sera of animals vaccinated with monovalent vaccine against sheep pox were higher against homologous virus ((3.62±0.12)- (4.08±0.31)) as compared to goat pox ((2.50±0.50)-(2.25±0.25) log2). The data demonstrate tat the associated vaccines may be used for preventive vaccination against sheep pox, goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts.

Проведено аналіз видів економічної діяльності за їх часткою в оборотних активах в економіці. Встановлено види економічної діяльності з найбільшою часткою дебіторської заборгованості, оцінено їх вклад у ВВП та встановлено тенденції розвитку. Визначено макроекономічні чинники, що впливають на кредиторсько-дебіторську заборгованість. Оцінено динаміку та частку запасів, поточних фінансових інвестицій, грошових коштів, доведено вплив економічної ситуації в країні на їх формування і використання. Подано рекомендації щодо ефективного управління елементами оборотних активів.

The paper gives data on a training system for specialists in anesthesiology and reanimatology in Norway and Canada. Their training in these countries is a long-term (7—8-year), well-planned, and strictly controlled process that provides high-level specialists. The Russia system for training the specialists in anesthesiology and reanimatology should be reconsidered, by taking into account the European experience. Key words: specialists’ training, anesthesiologists, reanimatologists.

In this paper, based on a geochemical study of rock samples and fluids, it is proven that carbon-bearing deposits of the Lower and Middle Jurassic complex of Western Siberia on the southern outskirts of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug can generate liquid hydrocarbons. It has been established that the oil-generation potential of carbon-bearing deposits depends on the paleogeographic conditions of burial of the organic matter and the enrichment of rocks with macerals of the liptinite group. The complex of studies included pyrolysis of coals, coal-rich shale of Lower and Middle Jurassic rocks, study of maceral composition and measurement of reflectivity indicators, hydrocarbon and isotopic composition of extracts from rocks, as well as study of the composition of oils from the studied area, selected both within the Jurassic and Cretaceous complexes. The studied area is located in the Frolov megadepression and the South Nadym megamonoclise. The result of the research was the identification of significant geochemical characteristics of an additional source of hydrocarbons – coals, coal-rich shale of the Lower and Middle Jurassic, which had not previously been proven on the studied area, the contribution of which to the formation of oil and gas potential was confirmed by the correlation of hydrocarbon and isotopic characteristics of fluids and extracts from source rocks. Сluster and the principal component analysis were used for genetic correlation of extracts and oils. The conclusions obtained from geochemical studies suggest the possible prospects of Lower and Middle Jurassic deposits from the point of view of detecting hydrocarbon accumulations.

Berezovsky depression, located on the northeast of the Pre-Patom foredeep, is a promising target for hydrocarbon prospecting, as evidenced by oil and gas shows established while drilling, the presence of structures and natural reservoirs. However, this area has not yet been adequately explored due to the low drilling density. Geochemical study of organic matter (OM) of the Riphean, Vendian and Lower Cambrian sediments showed that the main oil and gas source rock is represented by terrigenous-carbonate Vendian deposits. Rocks of the Seralakh Formation possess highest initial and residual potential, as well as interlayers of rocks with heightened content of algal OM in the Vendian and Lower Cambrian sections. The oxidation of OM during sedimentation and the presence of bottom algae could have a negative impact on the generation potential of these deposits, which led to a decrease in OM concentrations and deterioration of kerogen; most likely, these factors determine the smaller resources of the Berezovsky depression. Probably, the study of the Riphean complex deserves attention, because there are oil-source rocks highly enriched in OM in the Middle and Upper Riphean of the south-west of the Baikal-Patom fold zone, the transformation of which is corresponded to peak of «oil window» – «gas window».

Despite advances of modern medical science, the consequences associated with management of complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in children and adolescents represent a serious problem. Common development of microvascular diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney damage) still remains a sufficient obstacle for achieving high quality of life and social adaptation in the young patients, thus promoting studies of immune mechanisms involved in genesis of microvasculature damage under the conditions of dysmetabolic abnormalities associated with DM1. Our goal was to assess the role of altered cytokine balance in blood serum in development of microangiopathies in adolescents with DM1.140 adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes aged 14-18 years were examined being divided in 2 groups: group I included the patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of > 9.0% (n = 65), and group II which included adolescents with HbA1C level of ≤ 9.0% (n = 75). Each group was divided into subgroups: Ia (n = 50) and IIa (n = 38) included adolescents with diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy or neuropathy, whereas groups Ib (n = 15) and IIb (n = 37) were without microvascular complications. The control group consisted of 36 adolescents with normal body weight, without carbohydrate metabolic disorders, and family history of diabetes mellitus. Determination of TNFα, IL-1β, VCAM-1, fractalkine levels in blood serum was performed by enzyme immunoassay using test systems “RayBiotech” (USA), “BIOSCIENCE” (USA).Development of microangiopathies in adolescents with different glycemic control is associated with increased serum concentration of the factors involved in neoangiogenesis and vascular wall remodeling, i.e., TNFα, IL-1β, VCAM-1, compared with control group (p < 0.05), and a statistically significant decrease in fractalkine level in adolescent patients with either complicated, or uncomplicated DM1. The study allowed us to suggest that occurrence of microvascular complications in adolescents with DM1 is associated with impaired immune response tending for altered cytokine balance towards Th1 type, enhanced intercellular interactions, imbalance of bioregulatory molecules, contributing to development of inflammatory immunoregulatory state. The revealed patterns of laboratory markers, along with assessment of metabolic indices, will enable personalized approaches to early diagnostics of microvascular complications in adolescents with DM1 and prevent their further progression.

The main methods for the determination of the object position using code phase and signal carrier phase measurements are given. An accuracy of pseudorange measurements of both carrier phase and group delay code signal depends on local phase center variations for the signals coming from different directions. The relation of group delay and local phase center of the antenna is determined wherein the key factor is frequency dependence of phase or local phase center variation in solid angle of the radiation pattern. The definition of local phase center whose coordinates depends on the direction of radio signal is given. The single helical antenna analysis of local phase center position is carried out considering that the radio technical performances of the navigation antenna’s spacecraft «Glonass» depends on the same ones of its radiating elements. The features and the technique for hodographs computation of the helical radiator’s navigation phased antenna array using electrodynamic simulation tools are considered. The offset estimation of local phase center is obtained. The features of that offset in relation to the radiator construction depending on the operating frequency are detected.

Introduction. Laparoscopic bilateral nephrectomy for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease has many advantages over open surgery, but a significant disadvantage is the long duration of the intervention, and the need to create access for extraction of large kidneys minimizes the cosmetic effect.Purpose of the study. To improve the outcomes of bilateral nephrectomy in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease.Materials and methods. Study design: a single-centre, retro- and prospective study from 2010 to March 2020, including 72 patients who underwent bilateral nephrectomy. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the nature of the operation: Group I (n = 42), midline laparotomy; Group II (n = 16), laparoscopic surgery and group III (n = 15), combined nephrectomy (the laparoscopic stage included the separation of the vessels of the kidney and ureter, separation of the kidney from the adrenal gland; then, the kidneys were mobilized and removed from the upper midline mini-laparotomy.Results. In group I, the median duration of surgery was 120 min (Q1 - Q3: 110 - 150), in group II — 205 min (Q1 - Q3: 192 - 267) and in the third — 165 min (Q1 - Q3: 145 - 175). The operation time in the third group was significantly higher than in the first (p = 0.049) and significantly lower than in the second group (p = 0.034). There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.125) comparing the volume of intraoperative blood loss. There was no significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative complications between the groups. The median access length for laparotomy was 25 cm (Q1 - Q3: 22 - 28), for laparoscopy 14 cm (Q1 - Q3: 14 - 15) and combined surgery — 16 cm (Q1 - Q3: 15 - 17), the differences were reliable. The median bed-day for the second group was 8 days (Q1 - Q3: 7 - 9), for the third — 9 days (Q1 - Q3: 8 - 11).Conclusion. Combined bilateral nephrectomy has all the advantages of laparoscopic surgery, but at the same time, it can significantly reduce the operation time without significantly increasing the length of the surgical approach.

The article assesses the changes in the role of classical universities in transforming the socio-economic environment in territories where they are located, addresses the problems of developing effective talent management systems and innovation and research infrastructure of business type. In the face of a new technological paradigm requirements for training future specialists change, they include not only transferring basic and professional knowledge, but development of students’ creative abilities, activating opportunities for their self-fulfillment, autonomy, mobility, ability to work in a problematic situation as well. In this regard, the article substantiates the urgency of entrepreneurial training at universities, as well as the need to identify and support business strategies of student youth. The article discusses the issue of introducing individual undergraduate programs in entrepreneurship. The article provides the experience of I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University in creating a continuing multilevel education system which makes it possible for all motivated students of any major and specialty to receive basic competences in the field of entrepreneurship. Particular attention is paid to the development of innovation-research infrastructure of business type in the region and at the University. The article describes the experience and prospects of ChuvSU business incubator, which should become an effective tool for generating a new wave of entrepreneurs in the region. Technologies of the business incubator which are aimed at timely identifying persons capable of entrepreneurial activity, at making students’ entrepreneurial initiatives more active, at assisting in developing business skills and obtaining the necessary knowledge have been examined. Effective functioning of the business incubator is regarded as a factor in increasing the University brand value. The business incubator now faces the issues in its work, which cannot be solved without participation of public authorities and business organizations in the region. The article substantiates the need of preparing a training program together with the region to support and retain talented students “Future leaders of Chuvashia economy”, consisting of basic blocks: education, innovation and research infrastructure; support system for innovative entrepreneurial initiatives; infrastructure management.

The article describes the clinical case in a patient with bilateral nephrolithiasis, chronic kidney disease of the 4th stage, after which bleeding from the left kidney developed after simultaneous bilateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), leading to severe hemic hypoxia. Conservative therapy, blood transfusion did not lead to a persistent effect, the bleeding continued to recur. Given the presence of chronic renal failure (CRF) from the embolization of the branches of the renal artery, it was decided to abstain, given the extremely high risk of aggravation of nephropathy after the administration of the contrast drug. Left-sided nephrectomy would inevitably lead to the development of terminal chronic renal failure. Patients performed an electrocoagulation of the fistula wall with a Karl Storz 26C resectoscope in 60W mode. The bleeding was completely stopped. The patient is discharged from the hospital in a satisfactory condition. At the time of discharge in the conduct of replacement renal therapy did not need. When analyzing publications in The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline and Web of Science, we did not find a description of such a method of hemostasis.

Aim. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the “WATCHMAN” occluder (OW) in atrial fibrillation patients (AF) during hospital period and in 12 months after the procedure.Material and methods. Frоm 2013 to 2015 years, in the N. A. Semashko Central clinical hospital № 2 of “RZD”, 15 OW were implanted to patients with persistent AF of non-rheumatic origin, admitted for electro cardioversion, or electrophysiological study and radiofrequency ablation, pacemaker implantation. Indications for endovascular intervention were the threat of repeated embolism, high bleeding risk, severe comorbidities, and inefficacy of antithrombotic therapy. From the study were excluded those with stenosis of the left atrioventricular space and thrombi in the left atrium auricle (LAA). During pre-surgery period, all patients underwent standard transthoracal and transesophageal echocardiography for assessment of the LAA anatomy, its size in four points of view and its position to the left upper pulmonary vein. For stroke risk assessment and of thromboemolic complications the score CHA2 DS2 was used and its new edition CHA2 DS2 -VASc. Before the discharge from clinic, all patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography, repeated in 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months.Results. Mean age of patients was 52 year old. All patients had successful OW implanting. Interventions were done without general anesthesia, under local anesthesia. Mean duration of surgery was 42±11,3 min. To every patient one device was utilized. There were no replacements of OW for wrong sizing or other reasons. In 5 patients (anatomy as “chicken wing”) under angles 90-135º there was protrusion of lower border of OW found by 1/3 of the length. In patients with LAA OW sizes 33 and 27, there was residual flow registered under the lower border, of5 mmand2 mmdiameter, respectively. There were no complications during operation and nearest post-operation period. In 12 months after the study there was not dislocation, embolization or position changes among the devices. The residual flow diameter in33 mmimplant patient decreased in 6 months from 5 to2 mm, in the other — remained2 mm. No patients had brain circulation disorders and other embolies.Conclusion. The method of OW implanting into LA of non-rheumatic origin is effective method of embolic complications prevention, not followed by bleedings and making to prognosis improvement of this kind of patients, as to quit entire life anticoagulation

The article discusses the problem of teething in babies, the related mechanisms and factors. The research findings demonstrate the importance of different clinical symptoms of teething in infants, the relationship of the process with the baby's body type. Questions of the current therapy of pathological teething are considered.

This study was aimed to determine peculiarities in regimens of the pump insulin therapy and to reveal the optimal basal-to-bolus insulin ratio that are necessary for achieving optimal glycemic control in adoles-cents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). 82 adolescents at the age of 14–18 with T1DM, using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) from 5 months to 7.5 years were monitored with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system «Guar-dian Real Time» or CGM system, built in MiniMed Paradigm Revel System 722 (Medtronic Minimed, USA). Assessing the quality of glycaemic control was based on the level of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). The results of CGM were reviewed and average for 3 days performances: total daily dose of insulin, dose of basal and bolus insulin, basal-to-bolus insulin ratio, carbohydrate content of the meal, expressed in BE, carbohydrate ratio, insulin sensitivity factor were determined. The patients were subdivided into 2 groups: group 1 – adolescents with the optimal/suboptimal glycemic control (n = 55), 2 – adolescents with long-standing poorly controlled T1DM (n = 27). Average total daily dose of basal insulin (U in a day, U per kg in a day) in adolescents group 1 was significantly higher, com-pared with patients in group 2 (р = 0.043; р = 0.038 respectively). Patients in group 2 received more car-bohydrates with a meal intake and had higher doses of average total daily bolus insulin. The average ba-sal-to-bolus ratio from group 1 patients was 51/49%, compared with group 2 patients – 45/55% (р = 0.026). An important condition for achieving optimal glycemic control is a high level of compliance and skills of adolescents. Optimal well-balanced basal-to-bolus insulin ratio in adolescents with T1DM on CSII, which can provide improvements in blood glucose management and reducing the risk of complications of the disease, is 51/49%.

Objective: basing on the complex estimation of social-economic development of monocities in Chuvash Republic, to reveal the main problems of the mono-profile character of Chuvash Republic cities and to define the ways of their solution. Methods: inductive and deductive methods. Results: The carried out estimation of social-economic development of monocities in Chuvash Republic showed the main problems of their social-economic development, such as the outflow of capable population, dependence on external environment and instability to injurious external effects. The article proposes ways of solving the problems of mono-profile character городовChuvash Republic. Scientific novelty: using of authoring in the research, i.e. using economic and social indicators when studying the social-economic trends, allowed to reveal the particular regional problems and propose the directions and resource possibilities of the monocities’ economy in Chuvash Republic. Practical value: the possibility to optimize the measures of state management of mono-profile cities in Chuvash Republic.

Purpose: To investigate the role of ciliary and brain-derived neurotrophic factors in the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in children and teenagers with type-1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and methods: The article contains check-up results of 223 children and teenagers with type-1 diabetes. The authors evaluated clinical and functional parameters, which indicate the formation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and the content of ciliary and brain-derived neurotrophic factors in the blood serum in the observed patients.Results: The criteria of early diagnosis and prognosis of severe clinical course of diabetic peripheral neuropathy were developed.Summary: Statistically significant increase of the levels of ciliary and brain-derived neurotrophic factors rising in case of longterm decompensated course of disease in the blood serum was determined. Markers of early formation and prognostic indicators of severe clinical course of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in children and teenagers were revealed.