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The medical and social significance of cardiovascular diseases remains high. One of the factors that determine cardiovascular risks is metabolic syndrome. As a result of excessive accumulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism products in metabolic syndrome, oxidative (oxidative) stress develops. The article considers both domestic and foreign scientific studies, which highlight various aspects of the influence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as other free radicals on the formation of oxidative stress in pathological conditions that are part of the metabolic syndrome complex. This describes the mechanisms of the formation of chronic inflammation through excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, activation of the transcription factor NF-kB, as well as damage to the antioxidant system in obesity. Separately, a number of mechanisms of the stimulating effect of adipokines: leptin, adiponectin, chimerine, omentin 1, resistin, on the formation of oxidative stress have been noted. The ways of activating the polyol pathway, as well as diacyl-glycerol — protein kinase C — the signaling pathway of oxidative stress, the formation of mitochondrial dysfunction is described. As a result of which there is an excessive production of free radicals in insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and macroand microvascular complications of diabetes. In addition, the influence of oxidative stress directly on the formation of cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic genesis, as well as arterial hypertension, has been shown.

Introduction. One of their main aspects in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma is maintaining adequate control over the course of the disease.The aim: to assess the level of control, the causes of the uncontrolled course of the disease and the quality of life in patients with severe bronchial asthma.Materials and methods. The study involved 160 patients with severe bronchial asthma taking basic anti-inflammatory therapy. The assessment of adherence to baseline therapy was assessed by questionnaires of patients with a modified Morisky-Green questionnaire and a test to assess adherence to inhalers (TAI). A quality of life questionnaire for patients with bronchial asthma (AQLQ) was used to assess quality of life.Results. It was revealed that all patients had reported daily symptoms and a daily need for short acting beta-agonists; 96.6% of the patients enrolled in the study had night awakenings and physical activity restriction. The survey of patients with the help of the Morisky-Green questionnaire showed that deliberate low adherence to therapy was noted in 45.6% of cases, which was formed due to inattention to the hours of medication – 67.1% and missing the drug in good health in 47.9% of patients. Low motivation and low awareness of their disease is recorded in 24.4% of patients.Conclusions. All patients did not achieve control of the disease. In half of patients with severe asthma, there is low deliberate adherence to basic anti-inflammatory therapy, which is formed mainly by missing the drug in good health and inattention to the hours of medication. Asthma symptoms have the greatest impact on the patient’s emotional state, physical activity, and overall quality of life.

Abstract In order to study the distribution of phylogenetic mtDNA lineages of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in their contact zones in the north of East Siberia we analyzed nucleotide sequences of mtDNA control region of charr from 10 Arctic populations in the area from the Yenisei to the Lena. At the Putorana plateau, haplotypes of Atlantic and Siberian subgroups of Eurasian group were recorded, in the Khatanga River basin, haplotypes of Atlantic subgroup, in the Lena River delta, haplotypes of Siberian subgroup and of Bering group were observed. Some Siberian haplotypes found at the Putorana and in the Lena delta, have been earlier registered in other regions of East Siberia. New findings, along with published materials allow to specify the ranges of these three phylogenetic lineages and the margins of their contact zones; they also evidence wide sympatry of Atlantic and Siberian haplotypes in Taimyr water bodies and support close relationship of charr of Siberian subgroup from all main areas of their distribution.

Nowadays, isolated angioedema is one of the most complex and urgent problems of modern allergology and immunology. Hereditary angioedema (HA) refers to orphan and life-threatening diseases associated with a deficiency or decrease in C1-inhibitor function and is characterized by recurrent edema in deep dermis of various localization. A doctor of any specialty can encounter this nosology, which obliges all medical officers to have a general overview concerning HA. Late diagnosis is fraught with unnecessary surgical interventions, psychological symptoms, opiate addiction, or life-threatening laryngeal angioedema. To date, the final diagnosis of HA, and, consequently, adequate drug therapy, is delayed by an average of 8.5 years from disease onset. Sudden edema in the vital organs is a source of constant anxiety, a cause of disability, and sometimes fatal outcomes. The article presents a clinical case and discusses therapy principles, existing possibilities of promising treatment and recommendations for further management. KEYWORDS: hereditary angioedema, recurrent edema, orphan diseases, bradykinin; C1-inhibitor; complement system. FOR CITATION: Sobko E.A., Demko I.V., Solovieva I.A. et al. Complex clinical case: hereditary angioedema. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(1):50–53. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-1-50-53.

Shortness of breath, a subjective feeling of lack of air, is one of the most common complaints that patients present to a general practitoner or any other primary care doctor. The range of pathological conditions and diseases accompanied by shortness of breath is diverse and often poses a difficult diagnostic task for the doctor. These conditions may include such life-threatening pathologies as myocardial infarction or pulmonary embolism on the one hand, and conditions that are relatively “harmless” from a prognostic point of view, such as hyperventilation syndrome and detraining, on the other. The more experienced a doctor is, the wider this range will be. However, certain stereotypes are usually triggered in the management of such patients in the routine practice and the pathology that the general practitioner faces most often, prevails. Our clinical example clearly shows how the present cardiovascular condition (hypertension) masks other signs, and the shortness of breath is easily explained by a complication of hypertension - heart failure. Nevertheless, this case turned out to be more complicated. This clinical example shows the main problems of differential diagnosis of shortness of breath in the practice of a general practitioner or a family doctor. This case emphasizes that a multidisciplinary approach should be applied to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with dyspnea.

Results of a mesoscale survey in the Powell Basin in the northern part of the Weddell Sea are analyzed. The survey included 24 CTD casts (6 × 4) with an interval of six nautical miles. Measurements of water transparency, fluorescence, and plankton catches using the Bongo and Jedy nets were performed. The survey covered a region of an oceanographic front. The front is manifested by sharp horizontal gradients of temperature and chemical properties. The front exists due to the differences in the water properties typical for the entire Weddell Sea and water from the western part of the sea, which is formed in a shallow region covered with ice and icebergs that prevent warming of the upper layer of water by the solar irradiance. The front in the region of the mesoscale survey appears due to the separation of meanders from the large-scale front in the northern part of the Weddell Sea and displacement of the ring with cold water from the bottom elevation to the region of the survey. The differences in the water structures north and south of the front are also pronounced in chemical properties, optical characteristics of the upper layer, and different concentrations and species of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and pelagic fish.

New morphometric data on the rare mesobathypelagic species Rondeletia bicolor (Rondeletiidae) caught over the central part of the Mid-Atlantic ridge in the depth range 2500–0 m are presented. An analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of Rondeletia bicolor, based on new genetic data, was performed, the monophyly of the genus Rondeletia, as well as its place in the Stephanoberycoidei suborder system, was shown.

The cold-adapted polar cod Boreogadus saida, a key species in Arctic ecosystems, is vulnerable to global warming and ice retreat. In this study, 1257 individuals sampled in 17 locations within the latitudinal range of 75–81°N from Svalbard to East Siberian Sea were genotyped with a dedicated suite of 116 single-nucleotide polymorphic loci (SNP). The overall pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) found was driven by the two easternmost samples (East Siberian Sea and Laptev Sea), whereas no differentiation was registered in the area between the Kara Sea and Svalbard. Eleven SNP under strong linkage disequilibrium, nine of which could be annotated to chromosome 2 in Atlantic cod, defined two genetic groups of distinct size, with the major cluster containing seven-fold larger number of individuals than the minor. No underlying geographic basis was evident, as both clusters were detected throughout all sampling sites in relatively similar proportions (i.e. individuals in the minor cluster ranging between 4 and 19% on the location basis). Similarly, females and males were also evenly distributed between clusters and age groups. A differentiation was, however, found regarding size at age: individuals belonging to the major cluster were significantly longer in the second year. This study contributes to increasing the population genetic knowledge of this species and suggests that an appropriate management should be ensured to safeguard its diversity.

The diversity, phylogenetic relationship and demographic history in glacial relict copepod, Limnocalanus macrurus from estuaries of large Siberian Arctic rivers Ob, Khatanga, Lena, Indigirka and Kolyma were studied using of mitochondrial cytochrome-oxidase c gene (CO I mtDNA). It was shown, that Siberian populations of Limnocalanus macrurus together with ones from Canadian Arctic and the Baltic Sea belong to the single Palearctic phylogenetic lineage, which probably survived in one refugium during the Last Glacial Maximum and then rapidly expand within the Arctic about 21 0007500 years ago. The presence of common haplotypes in L. macrurus from three Arctic seas and lack of differences in haplotypic frequencies may be caused recent origin of populations or present day genetic exchange between them.

Three aqueous buffer solutions that make it possible to stabilize DNA and also preserve the initial body shape and morphological structures are tested for fixation and preservation of deep-sea fishes’ larvae. Based on the quality assessment of DNA and appearance of the larvae 6 months after fixation, the buffer solution containing dimethyl sulfoxide is recommended for use. Unlike ethanol or formalin, this fixative is nontoxic, nonflammable, does not require storage of samples in the refrigerator, and is also compatible with standard DNA extraction methods or commercial kit protocols.

In the system of lakes Bol’shoe Leprindo and Maloe Leprindo (Lena basin, Transbaikalia), spawning of two isolated populations of the dwarf form of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus was studied. The results supplemented with the data about the exterminated large form from these lakes, demonstrate a unique combination of sympatric and parapatric charr forms with autumn (large form), summer (dwarf form, Bol’shoe Leprindo) and first recorded in Russia winter-spring (dwarf form, Maloe Leprindo) spawning peaks. In both lakes, the dwarf form spawns in the profundal zone at silty bottom at the depth 25–58 m: in Bol’shoe Leprindo, from late June to October with peak in July-August when water temperature is 5–6°С, in Maloe Leprindo from January to July, with peak in January–March when temperature is 2.5–3.0°С. Eggs laid in July–August in Bol’shoe Leprindo develop for 3.0–3.5 months, eggs laid in January–March in Maloe Leprindo, for about 4.0–4.5 month; in both lakes they are actively consumed by burbot Lota lota. Due to smaller egg size the dwarf form has twice as high individual relative fecundity as the large form, which compensates for high egg mortality. It is supposed that the differences in spawning strategies were formed as the result of outcompeting of the dwarf form by the large form from the littoral to the profundal zone, where perennial low temperature favoured the prolongation and displacement of their spawning time. These differences determined reproductive isolation and genetic divergence between three charr populations.

The aim of the research was to study the characteristics of apoptosis, membrane-released microparticles (MRM) formation and cytokines production in case of lymphocyte damage in young patients with bronchial asthma, depending on body mass index. 224 people were examined. In all the patients there was done an assessment of the excessive weight and determination of obesity degree as well as clinical and functional examination; there was performed a determination of cytokines and adipokines; the lymphocytes were separated from the peripheral blood. The number of apoptotic cells was estimated in accordance with the standard protocol; the number of MRM was counted. It was found out that in case of bronchial asthma and obesity syntropy, even at a young age, more often there are patients with moderate and severe clinical course; besides, the severity of bronchial-obstructive syndrome in patients of this group is more significant with the tendency to decrease in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. In the group of young patients with obesity combined with bronchial asthma in the peripheral blood there was imbalance of both adipokines and cytokines, characterized by evident increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory leptin, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and the decrease in potential body weight regulator IL-15, and at the same time low levels of anti-inflammatory adiponectin. In patients with obesity, the percentage of cells in apoptosis was significantly lower compared to both those in control with obesity and patients with normal body weight. The number of MRM, as cell damage indicator, significantly increased in the group with obesity. It can be assumed that the imbalance of cytokines, adipokines and mechanisms of programmed cell death is a possible pathogenetic factor in asthma and obesity syntropy.

We present the data on genetic variation of Arctic cod Boreogadus saida assessed using seven microsatellite loci in four samples collected in the Kara, Laptev, and East-Siberian seas in 2014 and 2017. We found small but mostly statistically significant differences between the samples. The estimates of spatial genetic differentiation of the Arctic cod in Russian Arctic seas (0.4% of the total genetic variation on average), similar to those for the rest of its panarctic distribution range, are the lowest among the related gadid species. However, significant temporal variability is noted in Arctic cod. The reasons for the weak spatial divergence of Arctic cod and the prospects for further population genetic studies are discussed.

The divergence of reproductive strategies is an important development toward intraspecific diversification. We describe contrasting spawning patterns of parapatric and sympatric Arctic charr forms in two interconnected lakes Kiryalta-3 and Kiryalta-4 in Transbaikalia for comparison to charr reproduction in nine more lakes of this region. In each Kiryalta lake, two charr forms (small and large) differing in growth and diet are present, in Kiryalta-3 they are morphologically more distinct than in Kiryalta-4. In Kiryalta-3, the spawning of the small form was recorded in autumn and spring suggesting two subpopulations; spawning time of the large form is unknown. In Kiryalta-4, both forms spawn in autumn. Overall, reproductive patterns of Transbaikalian charr vary greatly in spawning time, duration, location, depth, and bottom substrate. Different populations and sympatric forms spawn in early or late autumn, spring, summer, or during more than one season, including the littoral or profundal zone, over rocks or silt, and from 1–2 weeks to at least 7 months. Peak spawning time difference between sympatric forms can reach up to 5 months, and is correlated with morphological and genetic differences. Diversification of reproductive strategies largely contributed to the emergence of exceptionally high diversity of Transbaikalian charr.

The article deals with changes in arterial rigidity in patients with bronchial asthma, depending on the presence of concomitant hypertension. The aim was to study the arterial rigidity parameters in patients with bronchial asthma depending on the presence of arterial hypertension on the standard antiinflammatory therapy for early diagnosis of complications of the cardiovascular system. A significant increase of arterial rigidity was shown, manifested by an increase in the pulse wave velocity in the aorta (AoPWV) and augmentation index (Alx) in patients with bronchial asthma of moderate and severe course in comparison with the control. In the study of the main indicators of arterial rigidity, depending on the presence or absence of hypertension, it was shown that in the group of patients with hypertension, changes in AoPWV and IA were more significant than in the group of patients with normal blood pressure. Increasing of BMI contributes to the development of arterial rigidity in patients with bronchial asthma. The formation of arterial rigidity is associated with clinical and functional parameters and hypoxemia

The morphology of larvae of the genus Liparis from the Arctic seas of Russia (White, Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian seas) has been studied. Based on the analysis of measurable and meristic traits and body pigmentation pattern, four main types of larvae corresponding to four species are identified: L. bathyarcticus, L. fabricii, L. liparis, and L. tunicatus. A combination of morphological traits that allows reliable discrimination between larvae of the genus Liparis has been established and confirmed with molecular data. Original drawings and descriptions of larval traits are provided for each species.

In order to extend the geography of genetic studies at the broad circumpolar range of Arctic charr we analyzed sequence variation of mtDNA control region (537–547 b.p.) in 25 populations of the European part of Russia and Siberia. In most of them, haplotypes of the Atlantic or of the Siberia phylogenetic groups were found. The results of phylogenetic analysis indicate low segregation between these groups, for that reason they are considered as two subgroups of a single Eurasian group; the composition and ranges of these subgroups are specified. Charr with haplotypes of the Atlantic subgroup were found in Karelia, at Kola Peninsula, Polar Urals, Novaya Zemlya archipelago, Taimyr; charr with haplotypes of the Atlantic subgroup, in Transbaikalia, in mountainous upper reaches of the Yana and the Indigirka basins and in the lower reaches of the Anabar. Both subgroups reveal weak geographical structuring at large geographic scale. Besides, in the lower Anabar basin Arctic charr bearing a haplotype of the Bering group, which introgressed in their genome from the northern form of Dolly Varden were recorded. Our results evidence a wide-scale post-Pleistocene dispersal of the anadromous form of the Atlantic subgroup charr throughout the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans drainage basins; common origin and close phylogenetic relationships of Arctic charr of the Siberian subgroup from different regions of Siberia and their possible migrations between these regions during the Pleistocene glacial maxima. They also confirm the participation of charr from Beringia in the colonization of Siberian Arctic coasts and indicate that they dispersed further to the west than previously known.

In order to test the MHC I-A1 locus of the main histocompatiblity complex as an effective molecular marker for identification of populations of Far Eastern pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, the comparison of the allelic and genotypic frequencies between two neighboring populations of the Lyutoga and Taranay rivers (Aniva Bay, Sakhalin Island), as well as within the populations: within generation, between adjacent and distant generations, have been performed. It was revealed that temporal variation at MHC I-A1 is statistically insignificant in comparison between the samples of the juveniles sampled at different times during the downstream migration. It is also insignificant between the samples of juvenile and adult fish of the same generation, and between samples divided by a single and seven generations. At the same time, the samples of neighboring populations differ significantly. The possibility of differentiation of the populations on the local scale and temporal stability of the allele frequencies indicate the MHC I-A1 as valuable marker for the development of the population data bases. Inclusion of the MHC I-A1 into the panel of other markers (microsatellites, in particular) allows for considerable increase in the resolution power for identification as to which population an individual in the mixed sea catch belongs.

Cardiac amyloidosis - the disease which is characterized by deposition of insoluble protein amyloid in intercellular space is one of the most severe implications of systemic amyloidosis. Primary cardiac amyloidosis possesses a wide range of clinical implications that complicates well-timed diagnostics and, respectively, treatment. The long latent current and the adverse forecast do extremely important diagnostics of cardiac amyloidosis at early stages of a disease. The modern concept of pathogenesis and morphology of an amyloidosis is covered in article, the clinical options of a current, diagnostic methods of dysfunction of heart including bio- and immunochemical blood analysis and urine, a complex of tool methods of a research and «the gold standard» of verification of deposits of amyloid - a biopsy of various organs and tissues are described.

To clarify allelic diversity at the locus of major histocompatibility complex MHC class I-A1 in the Far Eastern pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, sequencing of the electrophoretic alleles isolated from the gel (DGGE alleles) was performed. In 47 individuals, the genotypes of which consisted of ten DGGE alleles, 18 MHC I-A1 nucleotide sequences were revealed, and thus, eight cryptic alleles not detected by electrophoresis were identified. Eleven of these alleles were identified earlier in pink salmon from Hokkaido, Alaska, and British Columbia, and seven, possibly, were unique to the populations from some Far Eastern regions. Six of the previously determined DGGE alleles corresponded to more than one nucleotide sequence. However, the sequences attributed to the same DGGE allele differed on average by less than 1 nucleotide. These findings point to sufficient sensitivity of the DGGE method, although the genetic diversity and differentiation estimates obtained with it will obviously be somewhat underestimated. Considerable predominance of nonsynonymous substitutions over the synonymous ones in the codons of the MHC I-A1 antigen-binding site confirms the presence of positive selection aimed at providing the population resistance to local spectrum of pathogens. Refinement of the allelic composition of the adaptively important MHC genetic marker will contribute to more complete understanding of the adaptive genetic structure of pink salmon as an important element of the overall population structure of the species.

The aim of this work was to determine the optimal strategy for the treatment of patients with severe exacerbation of bronchial asthma based at a specialized clinic from the perspective of quality management as a basis for a universal therapeutic scheme taking account of the social status of the patient and localization of the medical facility. The study included 100 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) admitted to the Allergic Department of Regional Clinical Hospital. Those of group 1 were given systemic glucocorticosteroids (SGCS) parenterally or inhalation glucocorticosteroids (IGCS) through a metered dose inhaler. Patients of group 2 received SGCS parenterally or IGCS through a nebulizer. Examination included determination of external respiratory function, pulse oximetry, and ECG. Both modalities improved the patients’ clinical conditions within the first 4 hours, with the use of bronchodilators and IGCS through the nebulizer in combination with SGCS producing the most pronounced effect on peak expiratory flow rate. The per patient cost of medication therapy in group 1 was 131.5 rubles/day compared with 199.7 rubles in group 2. The cost of the complete treatment course was 1577.44 and 1797.78 rubles respectively. However, the number of one bed-days spent in the hospital for patients of group 2 was smaller than in group 1 which accounted for the cost of the complete treatment course 27 573.60 and 37 431.64 rubles respectively (р=0,04). It is concluded that the optimal therapeutic modality for the patients with severe exacerbation of bronchial asthma includes the use of bronchodilators and IGCS through a nebulizer in combination with SGCS. It not only improves clinical and functional characteristics of the patients but also reduces their hospital stay and the total cost of the treatment.

The problem of modern medicine is to optimize the treatment of patients with comorbidity, whose number has been growing steadily in recent years. The concurrence of asthma and obesity determines the severity of disease, low-level control, and resistance to basic therapy in conjunction with more frequent use of β-agonists for relief of symptoms, and frequent hospitalizations for a disease exacerbation. Currently, there are only a few known pathogenetic components that are responsible for the negative impact of visceral obesity on the course of asthma.

The article reports DNA barcoding (sequencing of the cox 1 mitochondrial gene fragment) of five South Atlantic flying fish species belonging to family Exocoetidae together with the results of the comparative analysis of cox 1 variability in the Exocoetidae and its closely related family Hemiramphidae. It has been demonstrated that DNA barcoding can be used as an extra tool for species identification and phylogenetic analysis in flying fish, since species identification accuracy using the cox 1 gene sequence proved to be 88%, or 78% when intraspecies variability level is taken into account. We have confirmed monophyletic origin of certain species, genera, and subfamilies of flying fish except for the genus Cheilopogon, which was represented on the phylogenetic tree by three paraphyletic clades. One of them shows close relationship to the genus Cypselurus, while another encompasses Hirundichthys genus species. The Exocoetidae is characterized by much lower overall genetic divergence level compared to the Hemiramphidae (average intraspecies differences: 10.2 ± 0.4% vs. 18.1 ± 0.8%; average intrageneric differences: 13.3 ± 1.1% vs. 21.3 ± 1.8%), which may indicate that the former group is relatively young in terms of evolution. No intraspecies differentiation was observed for Exocoetus obtusirostrus across a significant geographic distance (>3000 km). Phylogenetic reconstructions based on the variability of conservative (cox 1 mtDNA) and more variable regions of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes and on the adaptive morphological traits associated with gliding flight development were shown to coincide to a large extent.

We present the results of application of geometric morphometrics for studies of variability in populations of the members of two families of South Atlantic mesopelagic fishes, Sternoptyx diaphana (Sternoptychidae) and Ceratoscopelus warmingii (Myctophidae), in which an almost complete genetic isolation was previously discovered within the borders of hydrographic regions. A system of landmark points is developed, describing both anatomical features and configuration of luminescent organs, photophores, which allows to consider not only the influence of external physical and ecological conditions but also the existence of population-specific signaling system as a potential cause of genetic isolation. Morphological similarities are demonstrated for S. diaphana throughout the whole studied portion of the distribution area, while certain differences affecting the head shape and position of individual photophores on the body are discovered between C. warmingii populations.

Aim: to study effectiveness of specific prevention of pneumococcal infection in patients with chronic lung diseases. Materials and Methods: to assess the clinical effectiveness of vaccination, special questionnaire was developed, which included an assessment of anamnesis during the year preceding vaccination and anamnesis of the underlying disease during the year after vaccination. 881 patients with chronic lung diseases were vaccinated. Results: vaccination against pneumococcus in patients with chronic lung diseases has significantly reduced the number of exacerbations of the underlying disease in patients aged 56-60years(RR=0.3(95%CI:0.12-0.73),61-65years(RR=0.3(95%CI:0.12-0.73) and 66-70years(RR=0.17(95%CI:0.06-0.49)(p Conclusions: the results indicate a high efficiency of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in patients with chronic lung disease: in all groups a decrease in the incidence of respiratory infections, reduction in the number of exacerbations of the underlying disease and hospitalizations for exacerbations.

Aim. To estimate changes of cellular structure of the induced sputum at young patients with bronchial asthma at interrelations with BMI and level of cytokines in blood plasma. Materials and methods. 164 patients with bronchial asthma were divided into 2 groups taking into BMI: the 1st group included patients with bronchial asthma and BMI from 18 to 25 kg/m2, patients with bronchial asthma and BMI from 30 to 40 kg/m2 entered into the 2nd group. The group of control was made by 40 almost healthy volunteers. Estimated existence of excess weight and defined obesity degree according to recommendations of World Health Organization. Studied the level of control of bronchial asthma, cellular structure of the induced sputum, the IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, TNF-α, INF-γ levels in plasma of peripheral blood. Results. There are presented the results of the research of cellular profile of the induced sputum and profile of cytokines at patients with bronchial asthma depending on BMI and severity of the disease. The received results testify to prevalence of eosinophilic type of an inflammation in the group of patients with BMI less than 25 kg/m2 whereas at patients mainly paucigranulation inflammation decided on obesity. The highest content of the Il-17 was registered at patients with bronchial asthma and obesity as in comparison with indicators of patients with normal BMI, and with almost healthy that, perhaps, is the reason of low effect of steroid therapy at these patients. Conclusion. Endotype assessment before basic antiinflammatory therapy at patients with the first time diagnosed bronchial asthma, will be able to help with selection of the most optimum treatment to each specific patient.

New universal primers are offered for amplification of complete sequence of mitochondrial cyt b gene in lantern fishes of the family Myctophidae. Analysis of cyt b variability in the species of seven genera (Bolinichthys, Ceratoscopelus, Diaphus, Diogenichthys, Lampanyctus, Lepidophanes, Nannobrachium) demonstrates considerable divergence between species: an average of 18.2% (p-distances). Diversity (nucleotide diversity, number of segregating and phylogenetically informative sites, average number of nucleotide differences) and divergence significantly exceed those of another widely used mitochondrial marker, a fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequence (cox 1). The mitochondrial cyt b gene amplified with the developed primers can be recommended as an informative tool for phylogenetic and population studies of lantern fishes.