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A survey on Knowledge, Attitude and practice (KAP) on rodent pest management was carried out during the year 2021-22 in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh through a structured questionnaire to know about the level of Knowledge, their Attitude and Practices followed by them in controlling the rodents. The data revealed that 23.6% of the farmers have low level of knowledge, 41.6% of the farmers have moderate level of knowledge and 34.8% of the farmers have high level of knowledge with regard to rodent pest management. Regarding the attitude of farmers towards rodent pest management 36.3% of the farmers comes under Primary adopters category which requires training programmes as their motivational media, 51.2% under secondary adopters category, 12.5% of the farmers were considered as Laggards. From the overall response towards practicing the rodent management options, 31.8% of the farmers have low level of skills and practices, 25.2% of the farmers have medium level of skills and practice whereas 43.11% of the farmers have high level of skills and practice with regard to rodent pest management. This type of study helps in developing and designing integrated rodent management strategies.

Objective Recently, the Turiyam set was introduced as an extension of the neutrosophic set to handle the uncertainty data set beyond its truth, indeterminacy and falsity values. This article introduced the Cartesian product of Turiyam sets and Turiyam relations. Further, we defined operations on Turiyam relations as well as discussed the inverse and types of Turiyam relations. Results The Cartesian product of Turiyam sets, Turiyam relations, inverse Turiyam relation and types of Turiyam relations are stated and their properties are derived. Furthermore, examples are given to clarify some concepts.

New advances in information technology led to the development of Expert Systems and their application in various sectors including farming. In India, agricultural production has been transformed into a multifaceted business enterprise. Indian agriculture to remain competitive needs the accumulation and integration of scientific knowledge, and information from many diverse sources. Indian farmer often relies on agricultural specialists, advisors and agricultural research and development institutes for agricultural information for better decision making at the actual farm situation. Unfortunately, timely specialist assistance is not available when the farmer needs. Thus the situation demand for a ‘virtual expert’ who can give personalized expert advice to a large community of farmers, specific to their needs and aspirations considering various knowledge sources. The role of expert systems in tobacco sector and its applications in effective production and protection technologies have been discussed in this article. It is almost impossible for any human expert to consider every piece of available information before arriving at optimal decisions. To overcome this problem and provide precise information to the farmers, “expert systems” have been developed with a primary goal to make expertise available to clients and decision makers who need answers swiftly. The main aim is to deliver the required information and disseminate the up-to-date scientific knowledge in a readily accessible and easily understood form to the farmers. It is one of the most efficient extension tools to take the technology from scientists to the growers directly without any distortion of content which normally creeps in because of multiple agencies involved in conventional technology transfer systems. With this aim, ICAR-Central Tobacco Research Institute has developed a web-based expert system on tobacco using “Agridaksh”- an online tool developed by ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute. This, online expert systems has the tremendous capacity to transfer location specific technologies and advice to the farmers with a greater precision

Emotions are essential in developing interpersonal relationships. Emotions make emphasizing with others’ problems easy and leads to better communication without misunderstandings. Humans possess the natural ability of understanding others’ emotions from their speech, hand gestures, facial expressions etc and react accordingly but, it is impossible for machines to extract and understand emotions unless they are trained to do so. Speech Emotion Recognition is one step towards it, SER uses ML algorithms to forecast the emotion behind a speech. The features which include MEL, MFCC, and Chroma of a set of audio parts are extracted using python libraries and are used to build the ML model. An MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron) is used which will be mapping the features along with the sound file and predicts the emotion. The project details more about the development and deployment of the model. A technique known as "Speech Emotion Recognition" could identify emotional characteristics in speech signals by computer and contrasts and analysis the characteristics parameters and the emotional change acquired. In current market, speech emotion recognition was emerging crossing field of artificial Intelligence.

The time-reversal symmetry-protected surface states make topological insulators an interesting candidate for the fantastic quantum phenomenon. Nowadays, 3D Topological insulators doped with magnetic elements are becoming a promising area of research in fundamental device applications. The present work aims to investigate the influence of Cu dopants via implantation on the physical properties of Sb2Te3 thin films. Thin films synthesized using the e-beam evaporation technique were implanted with Cu ions at 5 different fluences (1 × 1013, 5 × 1013, 1 × 1014, 5 × 1014, and 1 × 1015ions/cm2). X-ray Diffraction measurements reveal the rhombohedral structure of thin films with an R-3 m space group. The smaller radii of Cu ion embedded in Sb2Te3 thin films could reduce the lattice parameter ‘c’. The ion implantation induced structural strain is also observed in Raman modes as confirmed by optical studies. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements indicate the effect of ion implantation on the granular morphology of thin films. The increase in grain boundaries with implantation indicates the implantation induced damage to the surface. The temperature-dependent resistivity plot suggests the enhancement of the semiconducting behavior of thin films by implantation-induced defects. Our findings provide a route to have modifications in the material in a controlled way.

The microstrip antenna required for higher frequency application is to be light in weight, easy to fabricate and small in size. As the applications in S-band and Ku-band are increasing with the increase in technology the requirement for higher data rate so the proposed work is to design a 24GHz (ka band) rectangular microstrip antenna with stripline feeding, return loss to be less than -20dB and VSWR less than 0.5. The substrate is chosen to be RT/duroid 5880 with relative permeability 2.2. it is capable of covering satellite application, telemetry. HFSS software tool is used to design the antenna.

In this paper, we have proposed a semi-circular patch antenna with a slot in the patch and a ground plane with a notch. The proposed antenna is designed using FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and the height of the substrate is 1.6mm. We simulated the antenna using HFSS and obtained the S11 < -10dB in the range of 3GHz to 15GHz, which covers the UWB range of 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz. An active circuit is designed and simulated using ADS to improve the gain of the antenna when working in a lossy medium other than air.

A total of 158 serum samples of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and control subjects were analyzed using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence (SRXRF) technique. The microprobe XRF beam line-16 of Indus-2 synchrotron radiation facility at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore, India, was used to identify and quantify the elements K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, and Pb. A significant decrease in the mean concentrations of K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, and As and an increase in the concentrations of V, Fe, Co, Cu, Se, and Pb were observed in the serum samples of the patient group when compared to the control group. It is hypothesized that the observed alterations in the elemental concentrations might have led to ineffective uptake of insulin and have interfered with glucose homeostasis by either directly or indirectly causing oxidative stress.

Objectives: In the present article, we deduced a characterization of Bipolar Single Valued Neutrosophic (BSVN) radius and eccentricity of the vertex based on Bipolar Single Valued Neutrosophic set(BSVNS) detour. Method: We obtained some definitions BSVN on a vertex like BSVN detour eccentric vertex, BSVN detour radius, BSVN detour diameter, BSVN detour centered and BSVN detour periphery. Findings: We derived some important results based on these BSVN detour radius, diameter, center and periphery. Novelty: The detour distance of the BSVNS model is proposed and generalized by this. An important and suitable condition for the graphs of the Single Valued Neutrosophic Set(SVNS) model to BSVNS detour distances has been identified. Keywords: Detour distance; BSVN detour eccentric; BSVN detour distance; BSVN detour peripheral node; BSVN detour path

A good understanding of the general circulation features of the oceans, particularly of the coastal waters, and ability to predict the key oceanographic parameters with good accuracy and sufficient lead time are necessary for the safe conduct of maritime activities such as fishing, shipping, and offshore industries. Considering these requirements and buoyed by the advancements in the field of ocean modeling, data assimilation, and ocean observation networks along with the availability of the high-performance computational facility in India, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services has set up a “High-Resolution Operational Ocean Forecast and Reanalysis System” (HOOFS) with an aim to provide accurate ocean analysis and forecasts for the public, researchers, and other types of users like navigators and the Indian Coast Guard. Major components of HOOFS are (i) a suite of numerical ocean models configured for the Indian Ocean and the coastal waters using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) for forecasting physical and biogeochemical state of the ocean and (ii) the data assimilation based on local ensemble transform Kalman filter that assimilates in situ and satellite observations in ROMS. Apart from the routine forecasts of key oceanographic parameters, a few important applications such as (i) Potential Fishing Zone forecasting system and (ii) Search and Rescue Aid Tool are also developed as part of the HOOFS project. The architecture of HOOFS, an account of the quality of ocean analysis and forecasts produced by it and important applications developed based on HOOFS are briefly discussed in this article.

The influence of magnetic dopants on the transport properties of topological insulators is of great interest. In this work, studies on the impact of Fe− ion implantation on the physical and electronic properties of Sb2Te3 thin films have been done. The implantation was done with low-energy Fe− ions at three different fluences (1 × 1013, 1 × 1014, and 5 × 1014 ions/cm2). The film thickness was estimated using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) topographic image showed the Fe− ion-induced magnetization in thin films. Overall enhancement in the electrical resistivity with increasing implantation dose was observed in the temperature-dependent transport measurements. However, the mobility of the carriers was found to decrease with increasing fluence. The Hall measurements showed that the carrier concentration initially increased with the fluence up to 1 × 1014 ions/cm2, but further increase in the fluence results in a decrease in the carrier concentration. P-type nature of the dominant charge carriers was observed for all the fluences except the highest dose where a change in the type of carriers from p-type to n-type was observed. It can be explained based on Fe− ion implantation-induced donors as well as acceptors like defects.

Implantation of defects is an attractive trend for the modification of important properties of thin films for practical applications. In the present attempt, an effective approach for tuning the native defects in thin films is reported. The films were sequentially irradiated at five different fluences (5 × 1011, 1 × 1012, 3 × 1012, 5 × 1012, and 1 × 1013 ions/cm2). The key role of high-energy Ni ion irradiation-induced native defects was observed by the modifications in the physical properties of samples. However, irradiation induces a structural phase transition through strain. The average crystallite size as determined from x-ray diffraction (XRD) peak broadening was found to be 19.3 ± 5 (nm). A monotonic increase in the lattice strain was observed up to a fluence of 5 × 1012 ions/cm2. The resistivity v/s temperature measurements revealed an increase in resistivity up to the fluence 3 × 1012 ions/cm2 indicating an increase in grain boundaries effect. Our findings provide an insight into the correlation of tuned properties with the defects induced by irradiation and also a route to have the defects in a precise and controlled way.

A simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine was achieved on Waters Alliance -2695, by using Luna C18 (250mm x 4.6mm, 5µm) column and the mobile phase containing 0.1% OPA & ACN in the ratio of 50:50 v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, detection was carried out by absorption at 245 nm using a photodiode array detector at ambient temperature. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine were NLT 2000 and should not more than 2 respectively. The linearity of the method was excellent over the concentration range 10-150 µg/ml and 5-75 µg/ml for Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine respectively. The correlation coefficient was 0.999. % Relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate & robust method for quantitative analysis of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine study of its stability.

A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir in Tablet dosage form. Chromatogram was run through Std Discovery C8 150 x 4.6 mm, 5m. Mobile phase containing Buffer 0.1% OPA: Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 60:40 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 0.1% OPA buffer. Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength selected was 260 nm. Retention time of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir were found to be 2.367 min and 3.436 min. %RSD of the Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir were and found to be 0.6 and 0.5 respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 99.61% and 99.80% for Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir were 0.67, 2.02 and 0.70, 2.12 respectively. Regression equation of Sofosbuvir is y = 4266.x + 7700, and y = 4861.x + 2656.of Ledipasvir. Retention times were decreased and run time was decreased, so the method developed was simple and economical that can be adopted in regular Quality control test in Industries.