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Recently, different experimental methods to investigate the entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA) process in a variety of materials have been reported. The present work reports on a different approach on which the ETPA process is detected based on the changes induced on the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferogram of two photons produced by a spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) Type-II process. Using an organic solution of the laser dye Rhodamine B as a model, it is demonstrated that ETPA at 800nm can be monitored by the changes in the temporal-width and visibility of the HOM interferogram produced by the photons at a beam splitter after interacting with the sample. Additionally, we present a detail model in which the sample is modeled as a filtering function which fullfills the energy conservation conditions required by ETPA, allowing to explain the experimental observations with excellent agreement. We believe that this work represents a new perspective to study the ETPA process, by using an ultra-sensitive quantum interference technique and a detailed mathematical model of the process., 11 pages, 6 figures

Additional file 1: Table S1. Oligonucleotides used as primers for oxidative stress genes of P. xenovorans LB400. Table S2. Identification of oxidative stress resistance and iron metabolism proteins in P. xenovorans LB400 genome. Table S3. Proteins upregulated in P. xenovorans LB400 during exposure to oxidizing agents. Table S4. Proteins downregulated in P. xenovorans LB400 during exposure to oxidizing agents.

Desde finales del siglo XVII, los partidarios de ���modernizar��� Espa��a, primero los novatores y m��s adelante sus continuadores, los ilustrados, despliegan sus intereses intelectuales y propuestas de reforma en diversos ��mbitos. Esta minor��a intelectual, consciente de los l��mites pol��ticos, religiosos y sociales de sus aspiraciones, suele evitar exponer sus reflexiones sobre los pilares institucionales e ideol��gicos fundamentales del pa��s, trono y altar. Sin embargo, cuando Napole��n trata de imponer por la fuerza su v��a de ���superaci��n��� del Antiguo R��gimen, muchos representantes de esa minor��a se baten y debaten para ofrecer formulaciones concretas para la construcci��n del Estado moderno, cuya onda expansiva se propagar�� fuera de la propia Espa��a: ��del reformismo cauto y moderado a la experimentaci��n pol��tica liberal sin soluci��n de continuidad? ��Existe alg��n precedente en la literatura ut��pica que contribuya a explicar semejante transformaci��n?

La apendicitis aguda es la afecci��n quir��rgica abdominal de urgencia m��s frecuente en ni��os y adolescentes. Es m��s usual en ni��os de edad escolar, con m��xima incidencia entre los 9 y 12 a��os; mientras que es infrecuente en menores de cinco a��os y rara en reci��n nacidos y lactantes. Las manifestaciones cl��nicas en ni��os menores de cinco a��os pueden confundirse con otras enfermedades pedi��tricas y diagnosticarse tard��amente, lo que puede traer complicaciones graves para el paciente e incluso provocar la muerte. Por su parte, en los ni��os mayores de 5 a��os, los s��ntomas de apendicitis aguda suelen presentarse de manera similar que en los pacientes adultos. El riesgo de complicaciones aumenta mientras mayor es el tiempo desde que se inician los primeros s��ntomas. Debido a su infrecuencia y complejidad en etapas tan tempranas de la vida, es de vital importancia sospecharla para realizar su diagn��stico precoz y tratamiento oportuno. A pesar de los avances en el campo de la Cirug��a Pedi��trica esta afecci��n, en ni��os peque��os, debido a sus caracter��sticas particulares, contin��a siendo un desaf��o para los cirujanos.

Dada la situaci��n epidemiol��gica, econ��mica y social que acontece en Cuba de manera general y en la provincia de Camag��ey particularmente, la comunicaci��n social se abre camino, dejando de ser ���una herramienta��� para trascender a lo simb��lico. Ante tal escenario y el encargo realizado por las autoridades de la provincia, correspond��a a la Universidad de Camag��ey; contribuir a revertir la situaci��n desde acciones comunicativas que respondieran a la satisfacci��n de necesidades informativas y cognoscitivas de los camag��eyanos sobre la COVID-19, y lograr una matriz de opini��n en correspondencia con la gesti��n de las instituciones de salud, pol��ticas y gubernamentales, los directivos y funcionarios. Para su dise��o, se tuvo en cuenta la revisi��n y an��lisis de documentos asociados a la caracterizaci��n de circunscripciones, estudios de audiencias, monitoreo a la programaci��n radial y televisiva local, diagn��stico de las p��ginas institucionales y de personalidad, an��lisis de cuentas en Twitter, canales de Telegram y YouTube de instituciones de la salud; as�� como loa resultados de innovaci��n provenientes de las tesis de maestr��a en Ciencias de la Comunicaci��n Social. A partir de la literatura especializada de autores y teor��as respecto a la planeaci��n estrat��gica en comunicaci��n, se declara como contribuci��n pr��ctica: la descripci��n del estado real de la comunicaci��n respecto al tema de la COVID en la poblaci��n y en medios tradicionales y digitales; as�� como la conceptualizaci��n de los referentes te��ricos y metodol��gicos imprescindibles. Su mayor aporte radica en las acciones de comunicaci��n para un horizonte de planeaci��n entre octubre 2021 a julio 2022.

El escroto agudo comprende una serie de afecciones urol��gicas que tienen como denominador com��n el aumento brusco de la bolsa escrotal, acompa��ado de dolor o molestias y signos inflamatorios locales en mayor o menor grado. Es la urgencia m��s com��n en el campo de la urolog��a pedi��trica. Las afecciones que forman parte del escroto agudo pueden aparecer en cualquier edad, con mayor incidencia en la primera d��cada de la vida. Es frecuente en 1 de cada 4.000 pacientes masculinos. Se han descrito numerosas causas de escroto agudo en pacientes en la edad pedi��trica, entre ellas la torsi��n testicular, torsi��n de hid��tides, orquiepididimitis, orquitis, epididimitis, edema escrotal idiop��tico, necrosis grasa del escroto, deferentitis, funiculitis, abscesos (escrotal y testicular), traumatismos y, aunque con menor frecuencia en las edades pedi��tricas, los tumores testiculares. En algunos casos es dif��cil precisar la causa, despu��s de la anamnesis y el examen f��sico, es necesario la ecograf��a Doppler para confirmarlo. El tratamiento es controversial entre cirujanos y ur��logos. Los cirujanos abogan por la exploraci��n quir��rgica de inmediato o en las primeras 6 horas de iniciado el cuadro cl��nico. Por su parte, los ur��logos prefieren una conducta m��s conservadora, con seguimiento estricto del paciente. Es necesario una actuaci��n m��dica oportuna para evitar complicaciones. El manejo actual de las entidades que forman parte del escroto agudo sigue siendo un desaf��o y var��a en dependencia del criterio m��dico, as�� como del protocolo vigente en cada instituci��n sanitaria.

Recent research in embodied AI has been boosted by the use of simulation environments to develop and train robot learning approaches. However, the use of simulation has skewed the attention to tasks that only require what robotics simulators can simulate: motion and physical contact. We present iGibson 2.0, an open-source simulation environment that supports the simulation of a more diverse set of household tasks through three key innovations. First, iGibson 2.0 supports object states, including temperature, wetness level, cleanliness level, and toggled and sliced states, necessary to cover a wider range of tasks. Second, iGibson 2.0 implements a set of predicate logic functions that map the simulator states to logic states like Cooked or Soaked. Additionally, given a logic state, iGibson 2.0 can sample valid physical states that satisfy it. This functionality can generate potentially infinite instances of tasks with minimal effort from the users. The sampling mechanism allows our scenes to be more densely populated with small objects in semantically meaningful locations. Third, iGibson 2.0 includes a virtual reality (VR) interface to immerse humans in its scenes to collect demonstrations. As a result, we can collect demonstrations from humans on these new types of tasks, and use them for imitation learning. We evaluate the new capabilities of iGibson 2.0 to enable robot learning of novel tasks, in the hope of demonstrating the potential of this new simulator to support new research in embodied AI. iGibson 2.0 and its new dataset are publicly available at http://svl.stanford.edu/igibson/., Accepted at Conference on Robot Learning (CoRL) 2021. Project website: http://svl.stanford.edu/igibson/

18.yy’da İngiliz dili ve Britanya Aydınlanması, bu konularda Fransa’nın kültürel çıkarlarına ve Fransızcadan İspanyolcaya gerçekleştirilen ikinci el çevirilere bel bağlamış olan azınlıktaki İspanyol aydınlanmacıların entelektüel sınırlarının ötesinde kalıyordu. Ayrıca, İspanyol kültürel yaşantısı da farklı devlet kurumları ve otoriteleri tarafından uygulanmakta olan sansürün etkisindeydi. Her ne kadar, yeni İspanyol Monarşisi ülkede ve Atlantik ötesi kolonilerde geniş çaplı reformlar yapmayı hedefliyorduysa da bunun geleneksel kurumsal yapıyı tehdit etmesi amaçlanmıyor ve uluslararası güç dengelerinde dalgalanmalara sebep olmamasına dikkat ediliyordu. Bunun dışında bir de kilise tarafından aydınlanmaya ait olsun ya da olmasın her tür reformist harekete doğrudan doğruya karşı bir sansür türü mevcuttu. Bu nedenle, İspanyolcaya bir şey çevirmek isteyen herkes çeviri yapacağı metni seçerken fazlasıyla dikkatli olmak durumunda kalıyor ve yaptığı çeviriye hatırı sayılır müdahalelerde bulunma imtiyazını kendisinde görüyordu. Her tür metin üzerinde “güncelleme”, “yorum getirme”, “uyarlama” ve hatta “düzeltme” işlemleri olağan taktikler halini almıştı. Tüm bunlar, William Robertson’ın Amerika Tarihi veya Adam Smith’in Milletlerin Zenginliği de dahil İskoç Aydınlanmasına ait eserlerin İspanyolcaya çevrilmesinde söz konusu olan mevcut durum ve bağlamı oluşturuyordu. In the 18th century, the English language and the British Enlightenment are marginal in the intellectual map of the Spanish enlightened minority, which relies on the cultural interests of France and on second hand translations from French into Spanish. In addition, Spanish cultural life is restricted by censorship, which is exerted in the first place by diverse state institutions and authorities: although the new Spanish Monarchy aims for a wide range of reforms in the country and its transatlantic colonies, it is not willing to threaten the traditional establishment and it carefully ponders over the fluctuations taking place in the international balance of power. Then there is another kind of censorship, which is exerted by ecclesiastical institutions directly opposed to any kind of reformism, enlightened or else. Accordingly, any scholar willing to render something into the Spanish language will be very cautious in his choice for a translation, and will grant himself a considerable scope of intervention in his translating task: “updating”, “commenting”, “adapting” and even “correcting” any original text are ordinary occupational tactics. These are the general context and conditions for the translation into Spanish of specific contributions of the Scottish Enlightenment, such as William Robertson's History of America or Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations.

Robots to Re-Construction : The Roadmap to Robotized Asbestos Removal / Burkhard Corves, Tobias Haschke and Mathias H��sing (Editors); Hanover, MA : Now Publishers 358-421 (2021). doi:10.1561/9781680837155.ch5, Published by Now Publishers, Hanover, MA

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ppg-10.1177_03091333211057194 for Coastal erosion in sandy beaches along a tectonically active coast: The Chile study case by Carolina Mart��nez, Patricio Winckler Grez, Roberto Agredano Mart��n, C��sar Esparza Acu��a, Iv��n Torres and Manuel Contreras-L��pez in Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

Imitation Learning is a promising paradigm for learning complex robot manipulation skills by reproducing behavior from human demonstrations. However, manipulation tasks often contain bottleneck regions that require a sequence of precise actions to make meaningful progress, such as a robot inserting a pod into a coffee machine to make coffee. Trained policies can fail in these regions because small deviations in actions can lead the policy into states not covered by the demonstrations. Intervention-based policy learning is an alternative that can address this issue -- it allows human operators to monitor trained policies and take over control when they encounter failures. In this paper, we build a data collection system tailored to 6-DoF manipulation settings, that enables remote human operators to monitor and intervene on trained policies. We develop a simple and effective algorithm to train the policy iteratively on new data collected by the system that encourages the policy to learn how to traverse bottlenecks through the interventions. We demonstrate that agents trained on data collected by our intervention-based system and algorithm outperform agents trained on an equivalent number of samples collected by non-interventional demonstrators, and further show that our method outperforms multiple state-of-the-art baselines for learning from the human interventions on a challenging robot threading task and a coffee making task. Additional results and videos at https://sites.google.com/stanford.edu/iwr .

Madrider Mitteilungen, Vol. 55 (2014), El estudio arqueol��gico y metrol��gico de la bas��lica paleocristiana de Ilici y de su mosaico pol��cromo, a partir de la revisi��n de los datos obtenidos en 1905 por sus descubridores Eug��ne Albertini y Pere Ibarra (in��ditos algunos de ��ste ��ltimo) y de los proporcionados por las reexcavaciones de Alejandro Ramos entre 1948 y 1955, as�� como de planos y fotograf��as de 1971 de Helmut Schlunk y Theodor Hauschild del Instituto Arqueol��gico Alem��n, nos ha permitido, por una parte, constatar la existencia de un esquema compositivo modulado basado en la pertica decempeda, y por otra, presentar una hip��tesis de restituci��n volum��trica muy distinta de la actualmente recreada y expuesta al p��blico. Tambi��n defendemos, mediante la b��squeda de paralelos y la contextualizaci��n del edificio, una dataci��n del conjunto en la segunda mitad del siglo IV, y apuntamos algunas ideas sobre su evoluci��n posterior hasta la probable obliteraci��n a lo largo del siglo VIII.

Many Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches use joint control signals (positions, velocities, torques) as action space for continuous control tasks. We propose to lift the action space to a higher level in the form of subgoals for a motion generator (a combination of motion planner and trajectory executor). We argue that, by lifting the action space and by leveraging sampling-based motion planners, we can efficiently use RL to solve complex, long-horizon tasks that could not be solved with existing RL methods in the original action space. We propose ReLMoGen -- a framework that combines a learned policy to predict subgoals and a motion generator to plan and execute the motion needed to reach these subgoals. To validate our method, we apply ReLMoGen to two types of tasks: 1) Interactive Navigation tasks, navigation problems where interactions with the environment are required to reach the destination, and 2) Mobile Manipulation tasks, manipulation tasks that require moving the robot base. These problems are challenging because they are usually long-horizon, hard to explore during training, and comprise alternating phases of navigation and interaction. Our method is benchmarked on a diverse set of seven robotics tasks in photo-realistic simulation environments. In all settings, ReLMoGen outperforms state-of-the-art Reinforcement Learning and Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning baselines. ReLMoGen also shows outstanding transferability between different motion generators at test time, indicating a great potential to transfer to real robots., First two authors contributed equally. Access project website at http://svl.stanford.edu/projects/relmogen

1. Pre‐release testing for biological control agents is focused primarily on assessment of host‐range specificity and safety of potential agents. Agent impact is considered pre‐release; however, the ultimate assessment of an agent must occur following release in the field under the target population levels and conditions of the invaded ecosystems. The invasive Eurasian vine, Vincetoxicum rossicum, has spread aggressively through its invaded range of eastern North America since its initial introduction in the late 1800s. In laboratory tests, the Eurasian moth Hypena opulenta has shown great promise as a potential control agent for V. rossicum. 2. We were interested in the defoliating ability of H. opulenta and its subsequent effect on the seed production of V. rossicum under field conditions. To examine this, we established a field site near Kirkfield, Ontario, that consisted of meadow and forest understory plots, both of which were highly invaded by V. rossicum. 3. We report highly significant feeding by H. opulenta in both light conditions. Unexpectedly, we observed a significant increase in seed production following folivory in shade conditions. We observed no significant effect of larval folivory on seed production under sun conditions, where V. rossicum seed production is greater by a factor of 10 as compared to shade conditions. 4. It is unclear how continuous exposure to folivory by H. opulenta will affect mature V. rossicum stands, although it might be expected that such populations would invest in defenses to herbivory, possibly at the expense of reproductive output. In order to better understand if V. rossicum populations in either light condition could exhibit longer‐term compensatory growth in response to folivory, further experimental work is needed that examines inter‐annual variability in V. rossicum reproduction at variable H. opulenta densities.

Imitation learning is an effective and safe technique to train robot policies in the real world because it does not depend on an expensive random exploration process. However, due to the lack of exploration, learning policies that generalize beyond the demonstrated behaviors is still an open challenge. We present a novel imitation learning framework to enable robots to 1) learn complex real world manipulation tasks efficiently from a small number of human demonstrations, and 2) synthesize new behaviors not contained in the collected demonstrations. Our key insight is that multi-task domains often present a latent structure, where demonstrated trajectories for different tasks intersect at common regions of the state space. We present Generalization Through Imitation (GTI), a two-stage offline imitation learning algorithm that exploits this intersecting structure to train goal-directed policies that generalize to unseen start and goal state combinations. In the first stage of GTI, we train a stochastic policy that leverages trajectory intersections to have the capacity to compose behaviors from different demonstration trajectories together. In the second stage of GTI, we collect a small set of rollouts from the unconditioned stochastic policy of the first stage, and train a goal-directed agent to generalize to novel start and goal configurations. We validate GTI in both simulated domains and a challenging long-horizon robotic manipulation domain in the real world. Additional results and videos are available at https://sites.google.com/view/gti2020/ ., RSS 2020; First two authors contributed equally

In eastern North America, the field milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L. (Asclepiadaceae), is used in planting schemes to promote biodiversity conservation for numerous insects including the endangered monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus) (Nymphalidae). Less is known about its pollinators, and especially in urban habitats where it is planted often despite being under increasing pressure from invasive plant species, such as the related milkweed, the dog‐strangling vine (DSV), Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. (Asclepiadaceae). During the A. syriaca flowering period in July 2016, we surveyed bees in open habitats along a DSV invasion gradient and inspected 433 individuals of 25 bee species in 12 genera for pollinia: these were affixed to bees that visited A. syriaca for nectar and contain pollen packets that are vectored (e.g., transferred) between flowers. Of all bees sampled, pollinia were found only on the nonindigenous honeybee, Apis mellifera (43% of all bees identified), as well as one individual bumblebee, Bombus impatiens Cresson. Pollinia were recorded from 45.2% of all honeybees collected. We found no relationship between biomass of DSV and biomass of A. syriaca per site. There was a significant positive correlation between A. syriaca biomass and the number of pollinia, and the proportion vectored. No relationship with DSV biomass was detected for the number of pollinia collected by bees but the proportion of vectored pollinia declined with increasing DSV biomass. Although we find no evidence of DSV flowers attracting potential pollinators away from A. syriaca and other flowering plants, the impacts on native plant–pollinator mutualisms relate to its ability to outcompete native plants. As wild bees do not appear to visit DSV flowers, it could be altering the landscape to one which honeybees are more tolerant than native wild bees.

Recent learning-to-plan methods have shown promising results on planning directly from observation space. Yet, their ability to plan for long-horizon tasks is limited by the accuracy of the prediction model. On the other hand, classical symbolic planners show remarkable capabilities in solving long-horizon tasks, but they require predefined symbolic rules and symbolic states, restricting their real-world applicability. In this work, we combine the benefits of these two paradigms and propose a learning-to-plan method that can directly generate a long-term symbolic plan conditioned on high-dimensional observations. We borrow the idea of regression (backward) planning from classical planning literature and introduce Regression Planning Networks (RPN), a neural network architecture that plans backward starting at a task goal and generates a sequence of intermediate goals that reaches the current observation. We show that our model not only inherits many favorable traits from symbolic planning, e.g., the ability to solve previously unseen tasks but also can learn from visual inputs in an end-to-end manner. We evaluate the capabilities of RPN in a grid world environment and a simulated 3D kitchen environment featuring complex visual scenes and long task horizons, and show that it achieves near-optimal performance in completely new task instances., Accepted at NeurIPS 2019

This paper presents air-coupled piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) fabricated from single-crystal PZT, enabling very high sound pressure level (SPL) output of 100.3 dB at 33 cm distance. The single-crystal PZT deposited via PVD has low permittivity, enabling the highest figure of merit (FOM, $e_{31}j^{2}/\varepsilon_{r}\varepsilon_{0}$ ) PMUTs to date. The PMUTs operate at a low resonant frequency of 40 kHz, which results in lower acoustic absorption loss and therefore longer operating distance, and have 10X greater mechanical displacement and SPL output compared to prior-art AlN PMUTs. Comparing to prior PZT PMUTs, the single-crystal PZT used here has low permittivity ( $\varepsilon_{r}=308$ ) and high piezoelectric coefficients ( $\boldsymbol{e}_{31,\ \boldsymbol{f}}\sim 24.5$ ), resulting in low insertion loss. Acoustic experiments conducted with commercial ultrasonic transducers and reference microphones show that a 2×2 array PMUTs has 1.91mV/Pa (−74.3dB) receive sensitivity, demonstrating much higher efficiency per unit transducer volume compared to conventional transducers.

Technology evolves quickly. Low-cost and ready-to-connect devices are designed to provide new services and applications. Smart grids or smart healthcare systems are some examples of these applications, all of which are in the context of smart cities. In this total-connectivity scenario, some security issues arise since the larger the number of connected devices is, the greater the surface attack dimension. In this way, new solutions for monitoring and detecting security events are needed to address new challenges brought about by this scenario, among others, the large number of devices to monitor, the large amount of data to manage and the real-time requirement to provide quick security event detection and, consequently, quick response to attacks. In this work, a practical and ready-to-use tool for monitoring and detecting security events in these environments is developed and introduced. The tool is based on the Multivariate Statistical Network Monitoring (MSNM) methodology for monitoring and anomaly detection and we call it MSNM-Sensor. Although it is in its early development stages, experimental results based on the detection of well-known attacks in hierarchical network systems prove the suitability of this tool for more complex scenarios, such as those found in smart cities or IoT ecosystems.

This work proposes a multi-parameter method for the detection of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning activity associated to convective cells, based on the measurements performed by a low-cost and portable single-polarization X-band weather radar. With respect to previous studies on the same topic, in this work various lightning proxy parameters are extracted for each rain cell observed by the radar and properly merged to produce an estimation of the expected lightning stroke activity for each rain cell. The developed methodology is based on a modified Storm Cell and Identification Tracking method for the convective cell identification and on a quadratic discriminant analysis for the combination of the lightning proxy parameters into a single label, indicating two categories of CG activity: flash rate equal to zero or greater than zero, respectively. Three lightning radar based proxy parameters have been selected after a correlative analysis, which considered a large number of predictors. The three radar based lightning proxy parameters selected are: i) the altitude thickness between the iso-reflectivity at Z=40-dBZ and the T=-20°C isotherm; ii) the rain cell area contoured by iso-reflectivity at Z=40-dBZ found at T=-10°C isotherm and iii) the vertical integral of ice equivalent water. In order to train and test our procedure, a dataset collected in the pilot study area of Naples metropolitan environment and consisting of 1575 radar reflectivity volumes acquired from April 2012 to March 2016, LINET lighting network of CG and intra-cloud (IC) strokes and meteorological in-situ data has been used. Radar data have been processed, in order to remove clutter and partially compensate for attenuation effects. The results, discussed in terms of detection scores, show that the developed technique, although with some limitations, outperforms those that make use of single lightning proxy parameters. Overall, the main results are fairly reasonable compared with other studies and more advanced radar systems, showing a Proportion Correct (PC) detection of 0.60, a Probability of Detection (POD) of 0.67, a False Alarm Ratio (FAR) of 0.29, a Critical Success Index (CSI) of 0.52 and a Heidke Skill Score of 0.47.

Liposomes are essential components in the development of functional materials for drug delivery; this is mainly due to its ability to self-associate spontaneously and form bilayer vesicles. In these potential applications, knowing the size of self-assembled liposomes is essential for optimal performance; however, this process still has many unanswered questions. Conventional experimental techniques to study self-assemblies of liposome nanoparticles still have a great challenge. Computational simulations emerge as an alternative to understand the role of thermodynamic properties responsible for the self-assembly, particularly when they are unreachable experimentally because of limited time and length resolutions. In this chapter, we present the advantages and disadvantages of dissipative particle dynamic method to explore the functioning of liposome self-assembly in the transport of drugs.

El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar una guí­a metodologica para la determinación de los riesgos en la ejecución de los procesos de la organización, mediante la medición del riesgo de gestión del Control Interno, el mismo que tiene como enfoque la ponderación y evaluación del impacto del riesgo empresariales para entidades del sector público y privado.La metodologí­a utilizada permite construir una Matriz de Riesgo, con el proposito de evaluar la gestión del riesgo empresariales mediante la ponderación del impacto y la probabilidad de ocurrencia, mediante los parámetros del Enterprise Risk Management Framework conocido como COSO ERM o COSO II, que gestiona los riesgos corporativos y las disposiciones vigentes en relación a la gestión de riesgos operativos.La Matriz de Riesgo aplica permite determinar un plan de acción para los procesos que se encuentra con mayor impacto de riesgos empresariales y con la mayor frecuencia de ocurrencia , los cuales afectan a la gestión administrativa de la organización. Esto permitará diseñar estrategias de mitigación de riesgo empresarial mediante la aplicación de indicadores de cumplimiento.

This paper proposes a multi-product model of firm dynamics to understand the implications of allocative distortions for the decisions of firms to enter, exit, and supply products to the market. These margins of adjustment have been largely neglected in the literature yet have direct contributions to welfare and productivity. The paper finds that when the analysis accounts for these channels, the traditional focus on long-run gains in Total Factor Productivity from reversing misallocation strongly underestimates the welfare gains that accrue when accounting for transitional dynamics. Calibrating the distortions to China in 1998, the analysis finds a welfare gain of 32 percent and a steady-state gain of 10 percent.