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Eruption is the continuous process of movement of a tooth from its developmental location inside the jaw to its functional location in the mouth. Impaired tooth eruption, where this process is disturbed, is common in dental practice. It may manifest either as delayed or complete absence of eruption. This article reviews the local and systemic conditions under which IITE has been reported to occur. The terminology related to disturbances in tooth eruption is also reviewed and clarified. A diagnostic algorithm is proposed to aid the clinician in the diagnosis and treatment planning of IITE. The sequential and timely eruption of teeth is critical to the timing of treatment and the selection of an orthodontic treatment modality. This review addresses the need for a more in-depth understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of IITE and gives the clinician a methodology to approach its diagnosis and treatment. &nbsp

In order to appraise climate change effects and adaptation practices in the forestry sector in Nepal, community forests in Tanahu and Kaski districts, representing tropical and temperate bioclimates respectively, were studied through a literature review, field observation, questionnaire survey and key informant interviews. Although it is clear that climate change is resulting in warmer temperatures, more erratic rainfall, deeper and more prolonged droughts, pervasive landslides and frequent floods and forest-fires, the effects are varied at the district level. The community forests of Tanahu are less resilient as they have limited elevational and bioclimatic range, and forest plant species and habitats, and are vulnerable to forest fire and overgrazing, whereas that of Kaski district cover a wide range of altitude and bioclimate, harboring a diverse range of plant species, habitats and traditional culture and, consequently, are highlighted for conservation by the forest authority. In order to make community forestry more resilient, embracing local adaptation is suggested with the aim of enhancing traditional forest management practices, lessening climate change hazards and increasing conservation trade-offs through strengthening the ownership of local communities and improving the circularity of forest service generation and consumption.

BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge and perception of safety protocols used before and after dental aerosol procedures among dental professionals. METHODS An online survey was conducted with a self-prepared questionnaire with a sample size of 354 participants consisting of postgraduate students, and dental practitioners who work in private/government institutes/hospitals. The questionnaire was prepared on Google forms and the link was circulated to postgraduate students and dental practitioners via email and WhatsApp platforms. Descriptive statistics analysis was carried out including frequency and percentage. The results of the study were tabulated. RESULTS 94.9 % of the participants performed aerosol-generating procedures, and 76.8 % of the participants used personal protective equipment (PPE) during the procedure. 43.2 % of the participants preferred reusable elastomeric respirators with cartridges. 37.9 % of the participants responded that ventilation is the preferred method. 75.4 % of the participants felt incorrect doffing of the PPE could increase the chances of contracting the coronavirus. 83.3 % of the participants felt using PPE reduces performance and skills during dental aerosol procedures. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that 76.8 % of the participants used PPE during aerosol-generating procedures, 54 % and 39.5 % of the participants knew the first procedure in donning and doffing PPE respectively, and 73.7 % of the participants knew which area to doff the PPE in whereas only 48 % knew the correct colour of the bag in which to dispose the PPE and only 49.7 % of the participants knew when to fumigate the aerosol generated surgical area.

The majority of universities still operate their libraries primarily by hand at the moment. This study suggests a library management system that is created and executed based on a web service to address the issue of the time-consuming and inconvenient traditional manual operation. It provides an easy-to-use interface that enables users to explore and filter the entries that are available, which can be retrieved or uploaded by copying them from one of the Storage Elements into the user's local system or vice versa. This study develops the information architecture and key mechanisms of the library management system and examines the invention of system service mode from the viewpoints of readers' information acquisition and modification, quick management, and delivery of books. The conventional library management technique, with its poor efficiency and single operation mode, is considered, along with its low efficiency and single operation mode. Finally, we employ stored procedures and trigger technologies to enhance database performance in order to increase the database's operational efficiency. We fix the system problem and enhance system performance through actual testing.

Menstrual cycle occurs in females every months for ones where the endometrium which is the thick lining of the uterus wall where the fertilized egg is attached during pregnancy, this will shed every month. Sodium, chloride, and water reabsorption capacity increases by high-level progesterone during this period. When there is a change in water and sodium reabsorption which may in term affect the functioning of the auditory system especially peripheral auditory system. Otoacoustic emissions (OAE’s) arise from outer hair cells (OHC’s) which is situated on the basilar membrane that is seen inside the inner ear. The changes in the hormonal levels during the menstrual cycle has a clinically less significant effect on the suppression of TEOAE’s, one of the type of OAE. The current study targeted the testing during three different phases of the menstrual cycle (Day 1 to Day 28) - Follicular phase, Ovulation phase and Luteal phase. The amount of suppression (3dB) caused during different phases of the menstrual cycle for each individual frequencies was compared and analyzed. The study shows that TEOAE, CSTEOAE’s and suppression did not exhibit any statistically significant differences at all the frequencies between the different phases of the menstrual cycle. There are no significant correlation findings between menstrual cycle and outer hair cell function, and menstrual cycle and efferent auditory pathway functioning, considering the complaints of hearing and balance problem during the menstrual cycle period by.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the acceptance and hesitancy of covid vaccine among dental professionals. Methods: The study population consisted of dentists who work in private clinics, hospitals, institutions and health centers in Karnataka. An online questionnaire was sent in the form of google forms. The questionnaire comprised series of questions to know the level of knowledge, attitude towards SARS-COV2 vaccine. Results: In this study total of 200 dentists participated, majority of them had good knowledge, optimistic attitude towards Covid 19 vaccine. The majority of dentists were aware of corona virus, symptoms and 84.3% have already received the vaccine. 91.7% participants believed it was very important to get the COVID-19 vaccine. 89.4% used to wear a mask all the time and 1.4% wore it sometimes. 49% of participants had symptoms like fever, headache, tiredness/myalgia, bodyacheetc following immunization. Conclusions: Dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms and the importance of vaccination. Majority of dentists have already received the Covid 19 vaccine. Health care workers and Media plays an important role in educating and spreading information on vaccines. Clinical Significance:Despite overall confidence in vaccines, a majority of dental professionals expressed concerns over a novel coronavirus vaccine.

The most significant area in imaging study and processing is image processing technique. The major goal is to improve quality images artificially through other means. The images that are obtained at times through certain mediums may end up distorted making the image unclear. One option to enhance the image quality is to change camera lens, which is costly. Thus, an alternative is required. A conventional neural network (CNN) may give priority to distinct aspects in an image and differentiate between them. A clear review of the literature on a few CNN-based picture enhancing techniques is carried out

Sugarcane is a major agro-industrial crop in India. The fibre content in sugarcane is gaining importance as fuel for co-generation of electricity. Hence, the present study was proposed to genetically characterize and identify suitable clones for co-generation with high yielding, optimum sucrose per cent, erect, non-lodging and good ratooning ability characters. Genetic analysis of 10 sugarcane hybrids was carried out using STMS primers. Out of 110 markers amplified, 77.27 % were polymorphic with an average of 8.5 polymorphic products per STMS primer. Similarity coefficient value of 0.79 and 0.48 was detected with closely and distantly related hybrids respectively. The average genetic similarity among the hybrids was ~78.6%. These results indicated the existence of moderate level of genetic diversity among these high biomass hybrids. Evaluation trial in replicated randomized block design including five early and five mid late clones was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Anakapalle during 2007 to 2010. Early clones viz., CoA 03081 (123.0 t/ha and 14.93 t/ha), CoA 02081 (122.0 t/ha and 14.78 t/ha) and CoA 07321 (118.7 t/ha and 14.10 t/ha) were significantly superior for cane and CCS yields than the best standard Co 7508 (104.0 t/ha and 13.34 t/ha). Midlate clones viz., CoA 07322 (137.0 t/ha and 17.12 t/ha) and CoA 02082 (132.0 t/ha and 17.00 t/ha) were significantly superior over the standard CoV 92102 (125.0 t/ha and 16.95 t/ha) for cane and CCS yields. The fibre content of the early and midlate clones ranged from 18.67 (CoA 02081) to 22.50 (CoA 03081) and 20.17 (CoA 07322) to 23.00 (CoA 03082), respectively. These elite clones recorded resistant reaction to red rot disease. The results revealed the potential of these clones suitable for co-generation of power with high yielding, high fibre content, optimum sucrose per cent and good ratooning ability.

The human system have an ability to adapt dynamically and protect against biological viruses is amazing. Computer security faces an ever-increasing threat and a system which can prevent any viruses coming in, is an open research problem. We propose a new model, called (RI Secure Web), whic h can be resilient and immune to web application vulnerability for injection and URL manipulation for injection methods using an agent based machine learning system The ability of human immune system to survive and maintain body from different damages and its self curing capabi lity inspires the development of a resilient and adaptive cyber security system. Such system functions proactive and defends itself against viruses as human immune system does. In this paper, an architectural view of a system for reducing application level vulnerabilities to protect cyber attacks, particularly injection method is proposed.

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus has been diagnosed as a risk factor for dry eye in several studies including large population studies. It has been suggested that the association may be due to diabetic sensory or autonomic neuropathy or due to the occurrence of microvascular changes in lacrimal gland. The main aim of this study was to study the prevalence of dry eye in diabetics and its association with duration of diabetes, Meibomian Gland Disease (MGD), and HbA1c levels in rural population. METHODS This is a hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study conducted in a rural area. 80 (40 diabetics + 40 non-diabetics) patients were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination including OSDI score, TBUT, Schirmer´s test, ocular surface staining and blood tests like RBS, HbA1c. RESULTS 80 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. As the age increased, the occurrence of dry eye also increased significantly with p value of 0.784 in our study. Among 66 female patients, 29 patients (80.6%) and among 14 male patients, 7 patients (19.4%) had dry eye symptoms. 60% of diabetic and 30% of non-diabetic patients had symptomatic dry eye. We also found significant association between the HbA1c levels and dry eye (p

BACKGROUND Cataract is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world. Accurate biometry is an essential component in determining the visual outcome after cataract surgery. With the introduction of newer instruments, various studies have been conducted regarding the accuracy of axial length and IOL power measurements. The aim of our study is to compare axial length (AXL) and IOL power values in A-scan biometry versus IOL master. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 100 eyes in 100 patients presenting to clinical practice for cataract surgery with no retinal pathology in a tertiary eye care centre. Keratometry values were obtained from Auto ref-keratometer and the values were kept constant for both methods. Axial length was measured with Biomedix applanation ultrasound A-scan biometry and the Zeiss-700 IOL-Master. IOL power was calculated using SRK/T formula from the obtained values. Both values were compared between A-scan biometry and IOL-master. RESULTS Out of 100 patients, 67 were females and 33 were males. Mean age of the patients was 62.74 ± 7.92. The mean K1 and K2 were 44.30D and 44.90D respectively. The mean AXL measured by A-scan was 23.34 ± 0.72 mm and that with IOL master was 23.20 ± 0.65 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between two methods (p=0.1). The mean IOL power was 20.15 ± 4.84D with Ascan versus 20.85 ± 4.75D with IOL-master and the difference between the two methods was not statistically significant (p=0.2). CONCLUSIONS There is no significant difference in axial length and IOL power values when measured in A-scan biometry and IOL master. Both methods give accurate results and can be chosen accordingly.