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A prospective study on haemato-biochemical aspects of canine atopic dermatitis was conducted in the Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy during the period from 2019 to 2021. Sixteen dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis using characteristic clinical (Favrot’s) criteria with exclusion of other pruritic skin diseases, together with elevated Ig E levels and ten healthy animals formed the subjects for the present study. Whole blood samples were collected from atopic and healthy controls and haematobiochemical parameters were estimated. Haemato-biochemical studies of atopic dogs revealed anaemia with leukocytosis, neutrophilia and eosinophilia and hypoalbuminaemia with reduced AG ratio. Absolute eosinophil count that was found positively correlated with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in atopic dogs, is of diagnostic significance in quantifying inflammatory response which helps in instituting customized treatment to atopic animals in clinical practice. Hypoalbuminaemia observed in atopic animals in the present study indicates the need for nutrient supplementation in the therapeutic protocol of the disease.

Allergic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease manifested as itchy skin rashes, caused as a result of hypersensitivity reactions elicited in the body due to exposure to various allergens. Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a widespread skin condition characterized by an inherited propensity to develop pruritic inflammatory skin disease linked to IgE antibodies, which usually target environmental allergens. The study was conducted on 245 cases of allergic dermatitis in dogs presented to the small animal dermatology unit during the period from 2019 to 2021. Out of the total 2,032 dermatological cases in dogs presented to the clinics from different parts of Kerala, 245 cases were diagnosed as various allergies over a period of three years, and out of which, 63 cases were recorded as canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). All the 63 cases diagnosed as CAD were utilized for age-wise, gender-wise and breed-wise occurrence of disease. The occurrence of allergic dermatitis in the present study was recorded as 13 per cent. The highest occurrence rate recorded was that of flea allergy followed by atopic dermatitis, contact allergy dermatitis and food allergy. In the current study, higher incidence (66.7 per cent) of atopic dermatitis was found in dogs below 3 years of age, followed by dogs older than 5 years and of the age group >3 to 5 years. Gender-wise occurrence of atopic dermatitis revealed a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.74: 1 in the present study. Labrador breed of dogs were more prone to atopic dermatitis followed by Beagle, Pomeranian, Shih Tzu, Pug, Pit bull, German Shepherd dog, Dachshund, Rottweiler and Golden Retriever.

The study was conducted in 265 clinical cases of mammary and skin/ subcutaneous neoplasms in dogs presented to University Veterinary Hospitals Mannuthy and Kokkalai during a period of 36 months from October 2017 to September 2020. Mammary neoplasms were found more in females (51.7 per cent) than in males whereas skin and subcutaneous neoplasms were found more in male dogs (48.3 per cent). The maximum occurrence of neoplasms was recorded in the age group of eight to twelve years (38.5 per cent) whereas least occurrence was noticed in the age group up to four years (9 per cent). Labrador and Rottweiler breeds were found more affected with neoplasms (38 per cent each) with highest occurrence of mammary neoplasms in inguinal mammary glands (35.03 per cent) and highest occurrence of skin/ subcutaneous neoplasms on sites involving trunk region (14.06 per cent cases). Eighty-three per cent of the neoplasm cases in the present study were pet dogs with a greater number of dogs maintained in outdoor kennels and 17 per cent of neoplasm was found in free-roaming dogs rescued from streets. Out of total 265 dogs, 37.73 per cent dogs were found to be having commercial dog food as their main feed and 32 per cent dogs were fed with a mixed diet of homemade food and commercial dog food. Among the cases, 14.71 per cent dogs had a previous history of cancer surgery

Coagulatory abnormalities are common in renal dysfunction in humans. The studies on coagulatory abnormalities in renal failure in dogs are limited. The present paper deals with coagulation profile in acute and chronic kidney disease in dogs. The haemostatic defects observed in acute renal dysfunction included thrombocytopaenia, prolonged capillary bleeding time (CBT), elevated D-Dimer and hypoantithrombinemia which indicated a hypercoagulable state. Prolongation of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), elevated D-Dimer concentration and hypoantithrombinemia in chronic kidney disease indicated the presence of hypocoagulable state.

The present study was conducted in anaemic cats presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Kokkalai and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy. They were subjected to a detailed physical examination, blood smear and faecal sample examination and haematology to reach an etiological diagnosis and to assess the severity of anaemia. Xenotransfusion with dog blood was carried out in 10 severely anaemic cats. Clinical outcome and variation in haematological parameters before and 24 hours after the transfusion was evaluated.

The present study was conducted in twenty-five dogs of different breeds presented to the University Veterinary Hospital and TVCC, Mannuthy with the complaints of cough, dyspnoea, exercise intolerance, weight loss, ascites, depression, lethargy, weakness, cyanosis and syncope. They were subjected to detailed clinical examination. Investigations included electrocardiography, radiography and blood pressure measurement.

Rhabdomyolysis is an uncommon disease process with profound sequelae if it is not identified and treated expediently. Clinical presentation varies, ranging from a nearby asymptomatic illness to fulminate and life threatening disease process with multiorgan system failure. Rhabdomyolysis results in the release of myoglobin, a haem pigment, which through multiple effects can result in nephrotoxicity and ARF (Zagar, 1989 and Better and Steain, 1990). The main mechanism is likely to be intra-luminal obstruction by haem pigment casts and ischemia ( Luscher, 1991) and a direct or iron –mediated proximal tubular injury. Treatment should be directed at reducing the nephro-toxic potential of the released pigments which can be achieved by rehydration, correction of acidosis, maintaining good urine output and establishing a urinary pH of 7.0 by forced alkaline diuresis ( Prabhakar et al., 2000)

A case of paralytic form of rabies in a goat and its antemortem diagnosis by direct fluorescent antibody test on corneal impression smears was described. Postmortem examination revealed presence of negri bodies in the brain impression smear and direct FAT on brain samples confirmed rabies.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important source of nutrition for the world’s burgeoning population that often faces yield loss due to infestation by the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)). The development of rice cultivars with BPH resistance is one of the crucial precedences in rice breeding programs. Recent progress in high-throughput SNP-based genotyping technology has made it possible to develop markers linked to the BPH more quickly than ever before. With this view, a genome-wide association study was undertaken for deriving marker-trait associations with BPH damage scores and SNPs from genotyping-by-sequencing data of 391 multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) lines. A total of 23 significant SNPs involved in stress resistance pathways were selected from a general linear model along with 31 SNPs reported from a FarmCPU model in previous studies. Of these 54 SNPs, 20 were selected in such a way to cover 13 stress-related genes. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays were designed for the 20 selected SNPs and were subsequently used in validating the genotypes that were identified, six SNPs, viz, snpOS00912, snpOS00915, snpOS00922, snpOS00923, snpOS00927, and snpOS00929 as efficient in distinguishing the genotypes into BPH-resistant and susceptible clusters. Bph17 and Bph32 genes that are highly effective against the biotype 4 of the BPH have been validated by gene specific SNPs with favorable alleles in M201, M272, M344, RathuHeenati, and RathuHeenati accession. These identified genotypes could be useful as donors for transferring BPH resistance into popular varieties with marker-assisted selection using these diagnostic SNPs. The resistant lines and the significant SNPs unearthed from our study can be useful in developing BPH-resistant varieties after validating them in biparental populations with the potential usefulness of SNPs as causal markers.