Search

An operational synoptic-scale sea ice forecasting system for the Southern Ocean, namely the Southern Ocean Ice Prediction System (SOIPS), has been developed to support ship navigation in the Antarctic sea ice zone. Practical application of the SOIPS forecasts had been implemented for the 38th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition for the first time. The SOIPS is configured on an Antarctic regional sea ice–ocean–ice shelf coupled model and an ensemble-based localized error subspace transform Kalman filter data assimilation model. Daily near-real-time satellite sea ice concentration observations are assimilated into the SOIPS to update sea ice concentration and thickness in the 12 ensemble members of the model state. By evaluating the SOIPS performance in forecasting sea ice metrics in a complete melt–freeze cycle from 1 October 2021 to 30 September 2022, this study shows that the SOIPS can provide reliable Antarctic sea ice forecasts. In comparison with non-assimilated EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) data, annual mean root mean square errors in the sea ice concentration forecasts at a lead time of up to 168 h are lower than 0.19, and the integrated ice edge errors in the sea ice forecasts in most freezing months at lead times of 24 and 72 h maintain around 0.5×106 km2 and below 1.0×106 km2, respectively. With respect to the scarce Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) observations, the mean absolute errors in the sea ice thickness forecasts at a lead time of 24 h are lower than 0.3 m, which is in the range of the ICESat-2 uncertainties. Specifically, the SOIPS has the ability to forecast sea ice drift, in both magnitude and direction. The derived sea ice convergence rate forecasts have great potential for supporting ship navigation on a fine local scale. The comparison between the persistence forecasts and the SOIPS forecasts with and without data assimilation further shows that both model physics and the data assimilation scheme play important roles in producing reliable sea ice forecasts in the Southern Ocean.

The Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory (CBAWO), Melville Island, Nunavut (74°55′N, 109°34′W) was established in 2003 to examine Arctic ecosystem processes that would be impacted by climate warming and permafrost degradation. This paper provides a synthesis of how remote sensing has contributed to biogeophysical modelling and monitoring at the CBAWO from 2003 to 2023. Given the location and isolated nature of the CBAWO in the Canadian High Arctic, remote sensing data and derivatives have been instrumental for studies examining ecosystem structure and function at local and landscape scales. In combination with field measurements, remote sensing data facilitated mapping and modelling of vegetation types, % vegetation cover and aboveground phytomass, soil moisture, carbon exchange rates, and permafrost degradation and disturbance. It has been demonstrated that even in an environment with limited vegetation cover and phytomass, spectral vegetation indices (e.g., the normalized difference vegetation index) are able to model various biogeophysical variables. These applications are feasible for research sites such as the CBAWO using high spatial resolution remote sensing data across the visible, infrared, and microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, as the satellite record continues to expand, we will gain a greater understanding of the impacts arising from the expected continued warming at northern latitudes. Although the logistics for research in the Arctic remain challenging, today's technologies (e.g., high spatial resolution satellite remote sensing, automated in situ sensors and data loggers, and wireless communication systems) can support a host of scientific endeavours in the Arctic (and other remote sites) through modelling and monitoring of biogeophysical variables and Earth surface processes with limited but critical field campaigns. The research synthesized here for the CBAWO highlights the essential role of remote sensing of terrestrial ecosystems in the Canadian Arctic.

The acquisition of pixel-scale relative truth value is important for remote sensing validation.The Point Spread Function (PSF) has been widely used in the field of the acquisition of relative truth value of heterogeneous surface. In this study, we propose an Improved Point Spread Function (IPSF) based on the Median Pixel Variability Weighted (MPVW) method and PSF to acquire relative truth value of heterogeneous surface. Firstly, the size of variance and clustering window are confirmed based on the pixel scale information of the satellite product to be validated. Secondly, the PSF suitable for heterogeneous surface is selected from 5 PSFs. Thirdly, the IPSF is constructed according to the MPVW and the PSF suitable for heterogeneous surface. Finally, the IPSF is used to acquire relative true value at pixel-scale of heterogeneous surface from airborne hyperspectral image. This study shows: (1) Good correlation between relative true value obtained using IPSF and reference value is indicated as R2 values among 256 channels reach 0.985, structural similarity (SSIM) ranges from 0.992 to 0.998, and peak signal noise ratio (PSNR) more than 35dB. (2) Better accuracy performance is observed in the acquisition of relative truth value of heterogeneous surface for IPSF than PSF. Compared with conventional PSF, the R2, PSNR and SSIM of the result of IPSF are increased by about 1.34%, 9% and 0.7% on the average. (3) Significant advantage of IPSF is also reported in reducing the deviation compared to PSF, as the average root mean square error (RMSEave) is reduced by 30.37% and the average mean absolute error (MAEave) is reduced by 35.98%, respectively. (4) Comparing the RMSE and MAE of PSF and IPSF result, the RMSE and MAE of the result of IPSF become smaller. The RMSE decreases from 3 ~ 195 to 2 ~ 131. The MAE changes from 2 ~ 138 to 1 ~ 89. Overall, the IPSF proposed in this paper can effectively calculate the relative true value of heterogeneous surface, which can provide reference for the validation of multi-spectral and hyper-spectral satellite products.

A multi-lidar system, mounted in a vehicle to monitor the profiles of temperature, wind, and particle optical properties, was utilized to investigate the winter fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution from a vertical perspective in four cities in China in winter 2018. We observed the enhancement of surface nocturnal PM2.5 in two typical plains cities (Changzhou and Wangdu), which was attributed to the subsidence of PM2.5 transported from upstream polluted areas, with the wind turning north and downdrafts dominating. Combining the observed surface PM2.5, the reanalysis meteorological data, and the GEOS-Chem model simulation, we revealed the transport nocturnal PM2.5 enhancement by subsidence (T-NPES) events that occurred frequently in the two cities, with percentages of 12.2 % and 18.0 %, respectively, during December 2018–February 2019. Furthermore, the GEOS-Chem model simulation further confirmed the ubiquity of winter T-NPES events on a large scale, including North China Plain and the Yangtze River Delta. Process analysis revealed that the subsidence was closely correlated with the southeasterly movement of the high-pressure system and the passage of the cold front, resulting in the increase of temperature aloft, a stronger inversion layer, and further PM2.5 accumulation in the atmospheric boundary layer. Thus, a conceptual model of the T-NPES events was proposed to highlight this surface PM2.5 enhancement mechanism in these plains regions. However, it did not apply to the two cities in the basin region (Xi'an and Chengdu) due to the obstruction of the weather system movement by the mountains surrounding the basin.

The Santa Barbara Basin naturally experiences transient deoxygenation due to its unique geological setting in the southern California Borderland and seasonal changes in ocean currents. Long-term measurements of the basin showed that anoxic events and subsequent nitrate exhaustion in the bottom waters have been occurring more frequently and lasting longer over the past decade. One characteristic of the Santa Barbara Basin is the seasonal development of extensive mats of benthic nitrate-reducing sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, which are found at the sediment–water interface when the basin's bottom waters reach anoxia but still provide some nitrate. To assess the mat's impact on the benthic and pelagic redox environment, we collected biogeochemical sediment and benthic flux data in November 2019, after anoxia developed in the deepest waters of the basin and dissolved nitrate was depleted (down to 9.9 µM). We found that the development of mats was associated with a shift from denitrification to dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. The zone of sulfate reduction appeared near the sediment–water interface in sediment hosting these ephemeral white mats. We found that an exhaustion of iron oxides in the surface sediment was an additional prerequisite for mat proliferation. Our research further suggests that cycles of deoxygenation and reoxygenation of the benthic environment result in extremely high benthic fluxes of dissolved iron from the basin's sediment. This work expands our understanding of nitrate-reducing sulfur-oxidizing mats and their role in sustaining and potentially expanding marine anoxia.

Airborne LiDAR can directly obtain 3D information of ground objects. By comparing the multi-temporal LiDAR data, ground objects change information of power transmission channel can be detected, providing data support for transmission line operation and maintenance. In this paper, an improved ICP algorithm based on multi-temporal LiDAR point cloud data power transmission channel ground object change detection method is proposed. Firstly, based on the classification of point cloud data, a two-level matching method of multi-temporal point cloud data considering the characteristics of power transmission channel was proposed to achieve accurate registration of point cloud data. Then, change detection and analysis of different types of ground feature point cloud data were carried out through elevation difference. Finally, cluster analysis was carried out on the changed ground feature points to generate multi-temporal relative ratio analysis report. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect power transmission channel changes.

Nighttime ozone in the lower boundary layer regulates atmospheric chemistry and surface ozone air quality, but our understanding of its vertical structure and impact is largely limited by the extreme sparsity of direct measurements. Here we present 3-year (2017–2019) measurements of ozone in the lower boundary layer (up to 500 m) from the Canton Tower in Guangzhou, the core megacity in South China, and interpret the measurements with a 1-month high-resolution chemical simulation from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Measurements are available at 10, 118, 168, and 488 m, with the highest (488 m) measurement platform higher than the typical height of the nighttime stable boundary layer that allows direct measurements of ozone in the nighttime residual layer (RL). We find that ozone increases with altitude in the lower boundary layer throughout the day, with a vertical ozone gradient between the 10 and 488 m heights (ΔO3/ΔH10–488 m) of 3.6–6.4 ppbv hm−1 in nighttime and 4.4–5.8 ppbv hm−1 in daytime. We identify a high ozone residual ratio, defined as the ratio of ozone concentration averaged over nighttime to that in the afternoon (14:00–17:00 LT), of 69 %–90 % in January, April, and October, remarkably higher than that in the other three layers (29 %–51 %). Ozone in the afternoon convective mixing layer provides the source of ozone in the RL, and strong temperature inversion facilitates the ability of RL to store ozone from the daytime convective mixing layer. The tower-based measurement also indicates that the nighttime surface Ox (Ox= O3+NO2) level can be an effective indicator of RL ozone if direct measurement is not available. We further find significant influences of nocturnal RL ozone on both the nighttime and the following day's daytime surface ozone air quality. During the surface nighttime ozone enhancement (NOE) event, we observe a significant decrease in ozone and an increase in NO2 and CO at the 488 m height, in contrast to their changes at the surface, a typical feature of enhanced vertical mixing. The enhanced vertical mixing leads to an NOE event by introducing ozone-rich and NOx-poor air into the RL to enter the nighttime stable boundary layer. The CMAQ model simulations also demonstrate an enhanced positive contribution of vertical diffusion (ΔVDIF) to ozone at the 10 and 118 m heights and a negative contribution at the 168 and 488 m heights during the NOE event. We also observe a strong correlation between nighttime RL ozone and the following day's surface maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) ozone. This is tied to enhanced vertical mixing with the collapse of nighttime RL and the development of a convective mixing layer, which is supported by the CMAQ diagnosis of the ozone budget, suggesting that the mixing of ozone-rich air from nighttime RL downward to the surface via the entrainment is an important mechanism for aggravating ozone pollution the following day. We find that the bias in CMAQ-simulated surface MDA8 ozone the following day shows a strong correlation coefficient (r= 0.74) with the bias in nighttime ozone in the RL, highlighting the necessity to correct air quality model bias in the nighttime RL ozone for accurate prediction of daytime ozone. Our study thus highlights the value of long-term tower-based measurements for understanding the coupling between nighttime ozone in the RL, surface ozone air quality, and boundary layer dynamics.

Abstract We have used the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to search for the growing tip of an intra-cloud (IC) positive leader. Even with our most sensitive beamforming method, where we coherently add the signals of about 170 antenna pairs, we were not able to detect any emission from the tip. Instead, we put constraints on the emissivity of very-high frequency (VHF) radiation from the tip at 0.5 pJ/MHz at 60 MHz, integrated over 100 ns. The limit is independent on whether this emission is in the form of short pulses or continuously radiating. The non-observation of VHF radiation from intra-cloud positive leaders implies that they proceed in an extremely gradual process, which is in sharp contrast with the observations of other parts of a lightning discharge.

Objective The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary lutein on egg production, follicles, reproductive hormones, fertility, hatchability, and oxidative injury indexes of hens. Methods Treatments consisted of a control diet (CON) and three lutein-supplementing diets at 25 (L1), 50 (L2), or 75 (L3) mg/kg of diet. Egg production was measured using 576 Arbor Acres breeder hens at 61 to 65 wk and follicles grades, reproductive hormones, fertility, hatchability, tissue lutein contents, and oxidative injury indexes were determined at 65 wk. Results The results showed that at 65 wk, lutein-supplementing diets increased (p

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. Our previous sequencing analysis revealed higher expression of miR-369-3p in the longissimus muscle of 2-month-old Aohan fine-wool sheep (AFWS) compared to 12-month-old sheep (P), suggesting that miR-369-3p may regulate fat deposition in AFWS. To test this, miR-369-3p mimics, inhibitors, and negative controls (NCs) were constructed and transfected into AFWS preadipocytes. After transfection with miR-369-3p mimics, we found a decrease (P) in the expression of genes and proteins related to cell proliferation and differentiation, detected by RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) and western blot analyses. Moreover, EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) detection and Oil Red O staining showed a decrease (P) in cell proliferation and lipid accumulation, respectively. The opposite trends (P) were obtained after transfection with miR-369-3p inhibitors. In conclusion, the results showed that miR-369-3p can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of AFWS preadipocytes, providing a theoretical basis to further explore the molecular mechanism of fat deposition in sheep and other domestic animals.

The launch of Gaia in 2013 December ushered in a new era of space astrometry, allowing for fundamental reference research at an unprecedented level of precision. The international celestial reference frames in the radio band and the Gaia celestial reference frame in the optical band have been established and are consistent within several microarcseconds for axes orientation. To bridge the gap between the visual and radio bands, an infrared reference frame should be investigated. We present a study aimed at constructing an infrared reference frame using the observations from the AllWISE catalog. It is compared with Gaia DR3 for approximately 0.57 million extragalactic sources and for a full set of 273 million sources. Systematic differences in positions and proper motions, such as magnitude or color equations and vector spherical harmonics, are derived. These systematic differences are comparable to the random errors of AllWISE measurements and can be used to improve the AllWISE source positions and proper motions, making the AllWISE catalog a valuable all-sky reference frame in the infrared band. Our investigation of the AllWISE catalog reveals that extragalactic sources and stars exhibit different astrometric properties. The global difference between the extragalactic source reference frame and the stellar reference frames is found to be 8.6 mas and 13.7 mas for global rotation and glide amplitudes, respectively. Such internal inconsistency should be considered when using AllWISE as an infrared reference frame. Finally, we determine the orientation of the mean Galactic plane using the calibrated source distribution of the AllWISE catalog.

Abstract Broadband mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is a well-established and valuable diagnostic technique for reactive plasmas. Plasmas are complex systems and consist of numerous (reactive) types of molecules; it is challenging to measure and control reaction specificity with a good sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate the first use of a novel MIR supercontinuum (SC) source for quantitative plasma spectroscopy. The SC source has a wide spectral coverage of 1300–2700 cm−1 (wavelength range 3.7–7.7 μm), thus enabling broadband multispecies detection. The high spatial coherence of the MIR SC source provides long interaction path lengths, thereby increasing the sensitivity for molecular species. The combination of such a SC source with a custom-built FTIR spectrometer (0.1 cm−1 spectral resolution) allows detection of various gases with high spectral resolution. We demonstrate its potential in plasma applications by accurate identification and quantification of a variety of reaction products (e.g. nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides) under low-pressure conditions, including the molecular species with overlapping absorbance features (e.g. acetone, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, etc.).

Abstract We report the first observations of negative intracloud (IC) dart‐stepped leaders accompanied by regular trains of microsecond‐scale pulses, simultaneously detected by shielded broadband magnetic loop antennas and the radio telescope Low Frequency Array (LOFAR). Four investigated pulse trains occurred during complicated IC flashes on 18 June 2021, when heavy thunderstorms hit the Netherlands. The pulses within the trains are unipolar, a few microseconds wide, and with an average inter‐pulse interval of 5–7 μs. The broadband pulses perfectly match energetic, regularly distributed, and relatively isolated bursts of very high frequency sources localized by LOFAR. All trains were generated by negative dart‐stepped leaders propagating at a lower speed than usual dart leaders. They followed channels of previous leaders occurring within the same flash several tens of milliseconds before the reported observations. The physical mechanism remains unclear as to why we observe dart‐stepped leaders, which show mostly regular stepping, emitting energetic microsecond‐scale pulses.

Abstract We have used the LOw‐Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to image a few lightning flashes during a particularly severe thunderstorm. The images show an exceptional amount of VHF activity at altitudes above 10 km. Much of this is in the form of small‐scale discharges, not exceeding a few hundred meter, occurring seemingly randomly around the centers of active storm cells. To emphasize the incidental nature of these small‐scale discharges or sparks we refer to them as “sparkles.” A detailed investigation shows evidence that these sparkles are indicative of positive leader channels and that they are equivalent to the needle activity seen around positive leader tracks at lower altitudes.

The objective of this study was to identify the expression and distribution of EPHA4 and Ephrin A3 genes in the development and morphogenesis of hair follicles in fine-wool sheep. The results could lay a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism that regulates hair follicle development. The skin of Aohan fine-wool sheep at different developmental stages (embryonic day 90, E90d, and 120, E120d, and postnatal day 1, B1d, and 30, B30d) were selected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to study the levels of mRNA and proteins, respectively. The RT-qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression level of EPHA4 at B1d was significantly lower than at E120d (p<0.01). The expression of Ephrin A3 at E120d was significantly higher than that at E90d and B1d (p<0.01). Immunohistochemical detection results showed that the level and localisation of EPHA4 and Ephrin A3 proteins had spatial and temporal specificity. EPHA4 expression in dermal papilla cells might be important for inducing Aohan fine-hair follicle regeneration and for controlling the properties of the hair. Ephrin A3 might play an important role in the redifferentiation of secondary hair follicles and might also be involved in the inhibition of apoptosis-related gene expression in hair follicles. The Ephrin A3 signalling pathway might accelerate the growth of fine-hair follicles and increase the density of hair follicles.

Recent climate change and vegetation greening have important implications for global terrestrial hydrological cycles and other ecosystem functions, raising concerns about the watershed water supply capacity for large water diversion projects. To address this emerging concern, we built a hybrid model based on the Coupled Carbon and Water (CCW) and Water Supply Stress Index (WaSSI) models and conducted a case study on the upper Han River basin (UHRB) in Central China that serves as the water source area to the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP). Significant vegetation greening occurred in the UHRB during 2001–2018, largely driven by the widespread afforestation in the region, with the normalized difference vegetation index increasing at a rate of 0.5±0.1 % yr−1 (p<0.05) but with no significant trends in climate during the same period (albeit with large interannual variability). Annual water yield greatly decreased, and vegetation greening alone induced a significant decrease in water yield of 3.2±1.0 mm yr−1 (p<0.05). Vegetation greening could potentially reduce the annual water supply by 7.3 km3 on average, accounting for 77 % of the intended annual water diversion volume of the SNWDP. Although vegetation greening can bring enormous ecosystem goods and services (e.g., carbon sequestration and water quality improvement), it could aggravate the severity of hydrological drought. Our analysis indicated that vegetation greening in the UHRB reduced about a quarter of water yield on average during drought periods. Given the future warming and drying climate is likely to continue to raise evaporative demand and exert stress on water availability, the potential water yield decline induced by vegetation greening revealed by our study needs to be taken into account in the water resources management over the UHRB while reaping other benefits of forest protection and ecological restoration.

Abstract The common phenomenon of lightning still harbors many secrets such as what are the conditions for lightning initiation and what is driving the discharge to propagate over several tens of kilometers through the atmosphere forming conducting ionized channels called leaders. Since lightning is an electric discharge phenomenon, there are positively and negatively charged leaders. In this work we report on measurements made with the LOFAR radio telescope, an instrument primarily build for radio-astronomy observations. It is observed that a negative leader rather suddenly changes, for a few milliseconds, into a mode where it radiates 100 times more VHF power than typical negative leaders after which it spawns a large number of more typical negative leaders. This mode occurs during the initial stage, soon after initiation, of all lightning flashes we have mapped (about 25). For some flashes this mode occurs also well after initiation and we show one case where it is triggered twice, some 100 ms apart. We postulate that this is indicative of a small (order of 5 km $$^2$$ 2 ) high charge pocket. Lightning thus appears to be initiated exclusively in the vicinity of such a small but dense charge pocket.

Understanding the dynamic inter-relationship between grazing animals and the pasture sward is critical for sustainable grazing management. A field study was conducted to investigate the relationships between the quantity and quality characteristics of forages and diet selection of 30-kg Mongolian ewes in different seasons in Bromus inermis improved meadow steppe. Using a residual herbage mass method (1 000 kg/ha in spring, 800 kg/ha in summer and 600 kg/ha in autumn) to adjust stocking rate, three seasonal rest grazing strategies (spring rest, summer rest and autumn rest) combined with continuous grazing were studied. In each season, diet selection of sheep, quantified by diet composition and selectivity index, was estimated using a plant wax marker technique. Quantity (dry weight proportion, coverage, frequency, density and height) and quality (CP, NDF, ADF and DM digestibility) characteristics of forages consumed by sheep were determined simultaneously. Our results showed that in spring with the highest sward availability (herbage mass), diet selection of sheep could be predicted by the positive linear relationship between quality characteristics of forages and their selectivity index. In summer, the diet selection could be predicted by both positive linear relationship between quality characteristics and selectivity index, and the relationship between quantity characteristics and diet composition. While in autumn with the lowest sward availability, it could be predicted by the positive linear relationship between quantity characteristics and diet composition. During the whole grazing season, the diet composition of B. inermis (40.4%) and Leymus chinensis (35.1%) were larger than that of Potentilla bifurca (9.5%) and Carex (15.1%) and the selectivity index of P. bifurca was the highest (0.62), followed by Carex (0.17) and B. inermis (0.05), and L. chinensis (−0.29) was the lowest. The two parameters of diet selection above were positively related to their quantity and quality characteristics, respectively. These results suggested that the influence of quality characteristics on diet selection of sheep decreased gradually as a result of the decline in sward availability, while the influence of quantity characteristics increased. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of diet selection of sheep examining the trade-offs between quantity and quality characteristics of forages. The knowledge of diet selection of sheep and the corresponding prediction regressions acquired in this study could give the basis for designing appropriate grazing management strategies.

Heat accumulation is a critical problem in continuous multi-layer laser aided additive manufacturing (LAAM) process, resulting in inhomogeneous mechanical properties and non-uniformity in the deposited height which can deteriorate the deposition process. This work presents a new integrated finite element (FE) simulation and machine learning approach to select a multi-layer laser infill toolpath planning strategy for fabricating quadrilateral parts to minimise localised heat accumulation during the deposition process. After one layer deposition simulation, the approach employs a Temperature-Pattern Recurrent Neural Networks (TP-RNN) model to predict the temperature field after the next layer deposition for each of the candidate infill toolpaths, and a process parameters inspired thermal field evaluation method to select the best candidate toolpath. The approach would significantly improve the computational efficiency of the laser infill toolpath planning, which was validated by improving the flatness of the 20-layer cube deposition samples with two dimensions (20 mm × 20 mm and 30 mm × 30 mm).

ABSTRACT The function and protection of the parathyroid glands are increasingly popular research topics. New Zealand white rabbits are the most commonly used animal model of parathyroid ischemia. However, information on the vasculature of their parathyroid glands is limited. We used 94 healthy New Zealand white rabbits, 3-4 months of age and 2-3kg in weight, for exploration of the parathyroid glands, which were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) after removal. The following types were classified according to the relationship between the position of the inferior parathyroid gland and the thyroid: Type A, Close Type, Type B, and Distant Type. There were 188 cases, 4 where the inferior parathyroid glands were located near the dorsal side of thyroid (2.13%), 8 where the inferior parathyroid glands were located superior to the upper pole of the thyroid (4.26%), 20 where the inferior parathyroid glands were located parallel to the thyroid (10.64%), and 155 cases where the inferior parathyroid glands were located inferior to the lower pole of thyroid (82.45%). Identifying the location and classifying the vasculature of the parathyroid glands in New Zealand white rabbits will provide an anatomical model to assist in future research.

The Arctic regional coupled sea-ice–ocean–atmosphere model (ArcIOAM) has been developed to provide reliable Arctic sea ice prediction on seasonal timescales. The description and implementation of ArcIOAM and its preliminary results for the year of 2012 are presented in this paper. In the ArcIOAM configuration, the Community Coupler 2 (C-Coupler2) is used to couple the Arctic sea-ice–oceanic configuration of the MITgcm (Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model) with the Arctic atmospheric configuration of the Polar WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model. A scalability test is performed to investigate the parallelization of the coupled model. As the first step toward reliable Arctic seasonal sea ice prediction, ArcIOAM, implemented with two-way coupling strategy along with one-way coupling strategy, is evaluated with respect to available observational data and reanalysis products for the year of 2012. A stand-alone MITgcm run with prescribed atmospheric forcing is performed for reference. From the comparison, all the experiments simulate reasonable evolution of sea ice and ocean states in the Arctic region over a 1-year simulation period. The two-way coupling has better performance in terms of sea ice extent, concentration, thickness and sea surface temperature (SST), especially in summer. This result indicates that sea-ice–ocean–atmosphere interaction plays a crucial role in controlling Arctic summertime sea ice distribution.

By applying density functional theory combined with nonequilibrium Green’s function, we investigate the electronic and transport properties of V-doped zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons (ZPNRs) with different edge passivations. The results show that the electronic and transport properties of vanadium-doped ZPNRs (V-ZPNRs) can be tuned by the edge passivation types. V-ZPNRs passivated by sulfur atoms possess stronger conductivity than bared ones, and edge passivation by hydrogen and halogen (F and Cl) atoms can transform V-ZPNRs from magnetic metals to magnetic semiconductors. Moreover, due to the edge passivation by hydrogen and halogen atoms, V-ZPNRs exhibit dual spin polarizability and negative differential resistance effects. The findings provide theoretical support in modulating the electronic transport properties of ZPNRs, which may be useful in designing phosphorene-based spintronic devices.

Enhanced aerosol abundance in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) associated with the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is referred to as the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). The chemical composition, microphysical properties, and climate effects of aerosols in the ATAL have been the subject of discussion over the past decade. In this work, we use the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model at a relatively fine grid resolution (about 1.1×1.1∘) to numerically simulate the emissions, chemistry, and transport of aerosols and their precursors in the UTLS within the ASM anticyclone during the years 2010–2012. We find a pronounced maximum of aerosol extinction in the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau, which to a large extent is caused by mineral dust emitted from the northern Tibetan Plateau and slope areas, lofted to an altitude of at least 10 km, and accumulating within the anticyclonic circulation. We also find that the emissions and convection of ammonia in the central main body of the Tibetan Plateau make a great contribution to the enhancement of gas-phase NH3 in the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau and ASM anticyclone region. Our simulations show that mineral dust, water-soluble compounds, such as nitrate and sulfate, and associated liquid water dominate aerosol extinction in the UTLS within the ASM anticyclone. Due to shielding of high background sulfate concentrations outside the anticyclone from volcanoes, a relative minimum of aerosol extinction within the anticyclone in the lower stratosphere is simulated, being most pronounced in 2011, when the Nabro eruption occurred. In contrast to mineral dust and nitrate concentrations, sulfate increases with increasing altitude due to the larger volcano effects in the lower stratosphere compared to the upper troposphere. Our study indicates that the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau can act as a well-defined conduit for natural and anthropogenic gases and aerosols into the stratosphere.

A new multiangle implementation of the atmospheric correction (MAIAC) algorithm has been applied in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor and has recently provided globally high-spatial-resolution aerosol optical depth (AOD) products at 1 km. Moreover, several improvements have been modified in the classical Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB) aerosol retrieval algorithms in MODIS Collection 6.1 products. Thus, validation and comparison of the MAIAC, DT, and DB algorithms are urgent in China. In this paper, we present a comprehensive assessment and comparison of AOD products at a 550 nm wavelength based on three aerosol retrieval algorithms in the MODIS sensor using ground-truth measurements from AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites over China from 2000 to 2017. In general, MAIAC products achieved better accuracy than DT and DB products in the overall validation and accuracy improvement of DB products after the QA filter, demonstrating the highest values among the three products. In addition, the DT algorithms had higher aerosol retrievals in cropland, forest, and ocean land types than the other two products, and the MAIAC algorithms were more accurate in grassland, built-up, unoccupied, and mixed land types among the three products. In the geometry dependency analysis, the solar zenith angle, scattering angle, and relative azimuth angle, excluding the view zenith angle, significantly affected the performance of the three aerosol retrieval algorithms. The three products showed different accuracies with varying regions and seasons. Similar spatial patterns were found for the three products, but the MAIAC retrievals were smaller in the North China Plain and higher in Yunnan Province compared with the DT and DB retrievals before the QA filter. After the QA filter, the DB retrievals were significantly lower than the MAIAC retrievals in south China. Moreover, the spatiotemporal completeness of the MAIAC product was also better than the DT and DB products.

Cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A), a member of the CDC25 family of phosphatases, is required for progression from G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. CDC25A provides an essential function during early embryonic development in mice, suggesting that it plays an important role in growth and development. In this study, we used mathematical expectation (ME) methods to identify a 20-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism of CDC25A gene in Shaanbei White Cashmere (SBWC) goats. We also investigated the association between this 20-bp indel and growth-related traits in SBWC goats. Association results showed that the indel was related to growth traits (height at hip cross, cannon circumference, and cannon circumference index) in SBWC goats. The height at hip cross of individuals with insertion/insertion (II) genotype was higher than those with insertion/deletion (ID) genotype (P=0.02); on the contrary, the cannon circumference and cannon circumference index of individuals with ID genotype were superior when compared with those with II genotype (P=0.017 and P=0.009). These findings suggest that the 20-bp indel in the CDC25A gene significantly affects growth-related traits, and could be utilized as a candidate marker for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in the cashmere goat industry.

Estimating the feed intake of grazing herbivores is critical for determining their nutrition, overall productivity and utilization of grassland resources. A 17-day indoor feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential use of Medicago sativa as a natural supplement for estimating the total feed intake of sheep. A total of 16 sheep were randomly assigned to four diets (four sheep per diet) containing a known amount of M. sativa together with up to seven forages common to typical steppes. The diets were: diet 1, M. sativa + Leymus chinensis + Puccinellia distans; diet 2, species in diet 1 + Phragmites australis; diet 3, species in diet 2 + Chenopodium album + Elymus sibiricus; and diet 4, species in diet 3 + Artemisia scoparia + Artemisia tanacetifolia. After faecal marker concentrations were corrected by individual sheep recovery, treatment mean recovery or overall recovery, the proportions of M. sativa and other dietary forages were estimated from a combination of alkanes and long-chain alcohols using a least-square procedure. Total intake was the ratio of the known intake of M. sativa to its estimated dietary proportion. Each dietary component intake was obtained using total intake and the corresponding dietary proportions. The estimated values were compared with actual values to assess the estimation accuracy. The results showed that M. sativa exhibited a distinguishable marker pattern in comparison to the other dietary forage species. The accuracy of the dietary composition estimates was significantly (P < 0.001) affected by both diet diversity and the faecal recovery method. The proportion of M. sativa and total intake across all diets could be accurately estimated using the individual sheep or the treatment mean recovery methods. The largest differences between the estimated and observed total intake were 2.6 g and 19.2 g, respectively, representing only 0.4% and 2.6% of the total intake. However, they were significantly (P < 0.05) biased for most diets when using the overall recovery method. Due to the difficulty in obtaining individual sheep recovery under field conditions, treatment mean recovery is recommended. This study suggests that M. sativa, a natural roughage instead of a labelled concentrate, can be utilized as a dietary supplement to accurately estimate the total feed intake of sheep indoors and further indicates that it has potential to be used in steppe grassland of northern China, where the marker patterns of M. sativa differ markedly from commonly occurring plant species.

Emergent phenomena often appear in crystals in the two-dimensional limit but are rare in bulky compounds. Here, Guo et al. report a quasi-two-dimensional superconductivity in a bulk material AuTe2Se4/3 at 2.85 K, potentially owing to a topological transition.

Our work addresses the problem of extracting trees from mobile laser scanning data. The work is a two step-wise strategy, including terrain point removal and tree segmentation. First, a voxel-based upward growing filtering is proposed to remove terrain points from the mobile laser scanning data. Then, a tree segmentation is presented to extract individual trees via a Euclidean distance clustering approach and Voxel-based Normalized Cut (VNCut) segmentation approach. A road section data acquired by a RIEGL VMX-450 system are selected for evaluating the proposed tree segmentation method. Qualitative analysis shows that our algorithm achieves a good performance.

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the main manifestation of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, leads to poor long-term survival after lung transplantation. Identifying predictors of BOS is essential to prevent the progression of dysfunction before irreversible damage occurs. By using a large set of 107 samples from lung recipients, we performed microarray gene expression profiling of whole blood to identify early biomarkers of BOS, including samples from 49 patients with stable function for at least 3 years, 32 samples collected at least 6 months before BOS diagnosis (prediction group), and 26 samples at or after BOS diagnosis (diagnosis group). An independent set from 25 lung recipients was used for validation by quantitative PCR (13 stables, 11 in the prediction group, and 8 in the diagnosis group). We identified 50 transcripts differentially expressed between stable and BOS recipients. Three genes, namely POU class 2 associating factor 1 (POU2AF1), T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A (TCL1A), and B cell lymphocyte kinase, were validated as predictive biomarkers of BOS more than 6 months before diagnosis, with areas under the curve of 0.83, 0.77, and 0.78 respectively. These genes allow stratification based on BOS risk (log-rank test p

Two new Mg(II)-based and Zn(II)-based coordination polymers, {[Mg3(BTB)(DMA)4](DMA)2}n (1, H3BTB=1,3,5-benzenetrisbenzoic acid, DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide) and {(H2NMe2)2[Zn3(BTB)2(OH)(Im)](DMF)9(MeOH)7}n (2, Im=imidazole, DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide), have been successfully synthesized and structurally characterized under solvothermal conditions. 1 contains a linear [Mg3(COO)6] cluster that connected by the fully deprotonated BTB3- ligands to give a kgd-type 2D bilayer structure; 2 represents a microporous 3D pillar-layered system based on the binuclear Zn units and pillared Im ligands, which shows a (3,5)-connected hms topological net. In addition, in vitro anticancer activities of compounds 1 and 2 on 4 human liver cancer cells (HB611, HHCC, BEL-7405 and SMMC-7721) were determined.

We present first-principle spin-dependent quantum transport calculations in a molecular device constructed by one single-molecule magnet Mn(dmit)2 and two graphene nanoribbon electrodes. Our results show that the device could generate perfect spin-filtering performance in a certain bias range both in the parallel configuration (PC) and the antiparallel configuration (APC). At the same time, a magnetoresistance effect, up to a high value of 103%, can be realized. Moreover, visible negative differential resistance phenomenon is obtained for the spin-up current of the PC. These results suggest that our one-dimensional molecular device is a promising candidate for multi-functional spintronics devices.

This paper reviews the development of in-orbit radiometric calibration methods in the past 40 years. It summarizes the development of in-orbit radiometric calibration technology of typical satellite sensors in the visible/near-infrared bands and the thermal infrared band. Focuses on the visible/near-infrared bands radiometric calibration method including: Lamp calibration and solar radiationbased calibration. Summarizes the calibration technology of Landsat series satellite sensors including MSS, TM, ETM+, OLI, TIRS; SPOT series satellite sensors including HRV, HRS. In addition to the above sensors, there are also summarizing ALI which was equipped on EO-1, IRMSS which was equipped on CBERS series satellite. Comparing the in-orbit radiometric calibration technology of different periods but the same type satellite sensors analyzes the similarities and differences of calibration technology. Meanwhile summarizes the in-orbit radiometric calibration technology in the same periods but different country satellite sensors advantages and disadvantages of calibration technology.

The T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) family is associated with autoimmune diseases, but its expression level in the immune cells of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the expression of TIM-3 mRNA is associated with pathogenesis of SLE. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR) was used to determine TIM-1, TIM-3, and TIM-4 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 132 patients with SLE and 62 healthy controls. The PBMC surface protein expression of TIMs in PBMCs from 20 SLE patients and 15 healthy controls was assayed by flow cytometry. Only TIM-3 mRNA expression decreased significantly in SLE patients compared with healthy controls (P0.05). SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN) had a significantly lower expression of TIM-3 mRNA than those without LN (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in the expression of TIM-3 mRNA within different classes of LN (P>0.05). Correlation of TIM-3 mRNA expression with serum IgA was highly significant (r=0.425, P=0.004), but was weakly correlated with total serum protein (rs=0.283, P=0.049) and serum albumin (rs=0.297, P=0.047). TIM-3 mRNA expression was weakly correlated with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI; rs=-0.272, P=0.032). Our results suggest that below-normal expression of TIM-3 mRNA in PBMC may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.

The T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) family is associated with autoimmune diseases, but its expression level in the immune cells of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the expression of TIM-3 mRNA is associated with pathogenesis of SLE. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR) was used to determine TIM-1, TIM-3, and TIM-4 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 132 patients with SLE and 62 healthy controls. The PBMC surface protein expression of TIMs in PBMCs from 20 SLE patients and 15 healthy controls was assayed by flow cytometry. Only TIM-3 mRNA expression decreased significantly in SLE patients compared with healthy controls (P0.05). SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN) had a significantly lower expression of TIM-3 mRNA than those without LN (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in the expression of TIM-3 mRNA within different classes of LN (P>0.05). Correlation of TIM-3 mRNA expression with serum IgA was highly significant (r=0.425, P=0.004), but was weakly correlated with total serum protein (rs=0.283, P=0.049) and serum albumin (rs=0.297, P=0.047). TIM-3 mRNA expression was weakly correlated with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI; rs=-0.272, P=0.032). Our results suggest that below-normal expression of TIM-3 mRNA in PBMC may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.

In this study, biomarkers and transcriptional factor motifs were identified in order to investigate the etiology and phenotypic severity of Down syndrome. GSE 1281, GSE 1611, and GSE 5390 were downloaded from the gene expression ominibus (GEO). A robust multiarray analysis (RMA) algorithm was applied to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In order to screen for biological pathways and to interrogate the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database, the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID) was used to carry out a gene ontology (GO) function enrichment for DEGs. Finally, a transcriptional regulatory network was constructed, and a hypergeometric distribution test was applied to select for significantly enriched transcriptional factor motifs. CBR1, DYRK1A, HMGN1, ITSN1, RCAN1, SON, TMEM50B, and TTC3 were each up-regulated two-fold in Down syndrome samples compared to normal samples; of these, SON and TTC3 were newly reported. CBR1, DYRK1A, HMGN1, ITSN1, RCAN1, SON, TMEM50B, and TTC3 were located on human chromosome 21 (mouse chromosome 16). The DEGs were significantly enriched in macromolecular complex subunit organization and focal adhesion pathways. Eleven significantly enriched transcription factor motifs (PAX5, EGR1, XBP1, SREBP1, OLF1, MZF1, NFY, NFKAPPAB, MYCMAX, NFE2, and RP58) were identified. The DEGs and transcription factor motifs identified in our study provide biomarkers for the understanding of Down syndrome pathogenesis and progression.

Probing into the preparation and thermal insulation mechanism of SiO2 aerogel composite thermal insulation coating, it is discovered that the thermal insulation and heat control of the coating are realized by means of reducing the thermal conductivity, increasing the reflectivity and radiance, etc. The author obtains the content of each filler by single-doped experiments, acquires the optimal coating formula by orthogonal experiment, and gets the characteristics of the coating with self-made thermal insulation test equipment, scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier translation infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and other analytical methods. The results show that the SiO2 aerogel composite thermal insulation coating has the best performance when 5?t% SiO2 aerogel, 5?t% titanium dioxide, 5?t% hollow glass beads, and 10?t% far- infrared ceramic powder are added. Besides, the high temperature performance of the coating improves with the increase of mass fraction of SiO2 aerogel. When the fraction is 5?t%, the SiO2 aerogel composite thermal insulation coating performs well at 300°C. Therefore, the author concludes that the SiO2 aerogel significantly improves the thermal insulation and high temperature performance of the thermal insulation coating. The conclusion lays a good foundation for the application of SiO2 aerogel in the coating industry.

Background. High quality reporting of endoscopic procedures is critical to the implementation of colonoscopy quality assurance programs. Objective. The aim of our research was to (1) determine the quality of colonoscopy (CS) reporting in “usual practice,” (2) identify factors associated with good quality reporting, and (3) compare CS reporting in open-access and non-open-access procedures. Methods. 557 CS reports were randomly selected and assigned a score based on the number of mandatory data elements included in the report. Reports documenting greater than 70% of the mandatory data elements were considered to be of good quality. Physician and procedure factors associated with good quality CS reporting were identified. Results. Variables that were consistently well documented included date of the procedure (99.6%), procedure indication (88.9%), a description of the most proximal anatomical segment reached (98.6%), and documentation of polyp location (97.8%). Approximately 79.4% of the reports were considered to be of good quality. Gastroenterology specialty, lower annual CS volume, and fewer years in practice were associated with good quality reporting. Discussion. CS reporting in usual practice in Ontario lacks quality in several areas. Almost 1 in 5 reports was of poor quality in our study. Conclusions. Targeted interventions and/or use of mandatory fields in synoptic reports should be considered to improve CS reporting.

Considerable work has been done to examine the relationship between environmental constraints and vegetation activities represented by the remote sensing-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). However, the relationships along either environmental or vegetational gradients are rarely examined. The aim of this paper was to identify the vegetation types that are potentially susceptible to climate change through examining their interactions between vegetation activity and evaporative water deficit. We selected 12 major vegetation types along the north–south transect of eastern China (NSTEC), and tested their time trends in climate change, vegetation activity and water deficit during the period 1982–2006. The result showed significant warming trends accompanied by general precipitation decline in the majority of vegetation types. Despite that the whole transect increased atmospheric evaporative demand (ET0) during the study period, the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) showed divergent trends with ET0 in most vegetation types. Warming and water deficit exert counteracting controls on vegetation activity. Our study found insignificant greening trends in cold temperate coniferous forest (CTCF), temperate deciduous shrub (TDS), and three temperate herbaceous types including the meadow steppe (TMS), grass steppe (TGS) and grassland (TG), where warming exerted more effect on NDVI than offset by water deficit. The increasing growing season water deficit posed a limitation on the vegetation activity of temperate coniferous forest (TCF), mixed forest (TMF) and deciduous broad-leaved forest (TDBF). Differently, the growing season brownings in subtropical or tropical forests of coniferous (STCF), deciduous broad-leaved (SDBF), evergreen broad-leaved (SEBF) and subtropical grasslands (STG) were likely attributed to evaporative energy limitation. The growing season water deficit index (GWDI) has been formulated to assess ecohydrological equilibrium and thus indicating vegetation susceptibility to water deficit. The increasing GWDI trends in CTCF, TCF, TDS, TG, TGS and TMS indicated their rising susceptibility to future climate change.

The objective of this study was to investigate the variability in broiler performance, apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and ileal digestible energy (IDE) between five different maize samples fed with and without xylanase at 16,000 U/kg. Various in vitro characterisations were conducted to determine if any could predict performance or AME. Samples of the maize were harvested in five diverse regions and fed individually in a mash diet as follows (g/kg): test maize 608.3; soya bean meal (SBM) 324.1; poultry fat 25.2; salt 4.6; met 2.6; lys 1.6; thr 0.5; limestone 9.7, dical 18.4; vit/min 5.0; CP 210 and ME (kcal/kg) 3,085. The diets were fed to 720 broilers with 6 replicates, each containing 12 birds per treatment, from 0 to 18 d of age. Maize samples were analysed for starch, protein, crude fibre, fat, protein solubility index (PSI) and vitreousness using near infra red reflectance spectroscopy (NIR). They were also assayed using an in vitro starch digestibility method. The results showed that there was no effect of harvest region on the feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the broilers over the 18 d period (p = 0.959, 0.926, 0.819 respectively). There was an improvement in all parameters with the addition of xylanase (FI p = 0.011; BWG and FCR p

Finite element analysis of automobile drum brake assembly was made in this article. First brake drum assembly 3D model including brake drum, brake shoe, brake block, and friction plate was established; then finite element analysis of drum brake assembly was made, considering the friction between assemblies as well as the relative sliding between brake shoe and brake block, brake block and friction plate. The simulation of automobile’s braking was relatively authentic, drum brake’s stress and displacement deformation at work was analyzed. The results showed that with fixed brake drum, left and right brake shoes’ load was completely symmetric, stress and displacement distribution was also completely symmetric; in the process of braking, one side brake shoe’s stress and displacement were obviously bigger than the other side, max stress occurred on one side brake shoe’s internal end face.

Favourable sealing performance of the piston ring pack is an important condition for the engine to maintain efficient, stable operation. Analysis on blow-by in piston ring pack for an inline six cylinder diesel engine was carried out, through the establishment of sealing system theory model. The Matlab program was compiled for numerical calculation. The results of the study provide a basis for improving the air tightness of the piston ring pack, reducing air leakage, thereby improving the performance of internal combustion engine.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the properties of liquid oxidation of Sn-Bi-Zn (SBZ) solder alloys and the effect of Al/P on the oxide film. The results showed that the oxidation film on SBZ surface was in high concentration of both oxygen and zinc. Adding trace amount of Al/P to SBZ alloys (SBZA/ABZP) decreased the ratio of O/M (M could be Sn, Bi, and Al/P) and changed the film compositions. Layers near the free surface of oxidation film mostly contained Zn2+ and Al3+ oxides for SBZA. From the half quantitative analysis result, the aluminum had a surface enrichment behavior in liquid solder, so did phosphorus and zinc. Therefore, the Al/P addition changed their stoichiometry such as the ratio of O/M near film surface.

The data on the rare Attelabidae species (Pseudoeuops bicoloroides (Legalov, 2003), P. viridis (Legalov, 2003), Parasynatops (Parasynatops) pseudopolitus Legalov, 2003, Riedeliops (Orienteuopsidius) rasuwanus Legalov, 2003, Sawadaeuops (Chinoeuops) davidiani Legalov, 2003 and S. (Ch.) nitidicollis (Voss, 1942)) are listed. Pseudoeuops bicoloroides (Legalov, 2003) and Riedeliops (Orienteuopsidius) rasuwanus Legalov, 2003 are reported for the first time for the fauna of China, Pseudoeuops viridis (Legalov, 2003) is for the first time reported for the fauna of Yunnan, Sawadaeuops (Chinoeuops) davidiani Legalov, 2003 is reported for the first time for the fauna of Hubei, and Parasynatops (Parasynatops) pseudopolitus Legalov, 2003 is reported for the first time for the fauna of Hubei and Yunnan.